ining or quarrying (E21C)

Non-volatile process complex for manufacturing of products from peat

Process complex for manufacturing of products from peat includes the following components functionally interconnected with each other - a preparation module, a drying module, a module for shaping of peat raw materials, and a module of processing of wastes of core production. The module of preparation of peat raw materials is made of the following components serially installed and connected to each other by means of belt conveyors - a receiving hopper, a roller separator, a flow magnetic separator, a milling crusher and a press-auger separator, and is connected with the drying module by a belt conveyor, with the shaping module by the belt conveyor, with the module of processing of wastes by the belt conveyor, the belt conveyor and the pipeline. The drying module includes a biofuel storage, connected by means of an auger feeder with a heat generator, connected by an air duct with a tunnel multi-tier dryer, and is interconnected with the help of belt transfer units and conveyors with the shaping module. The shaping module is equipped with batching hoppers of additional raw materials, connected by a belt conveyor with a double-auger attrition mill, connected via a feeding hopper with an auger extruder, equipped with replaceable draw plates and connected by a belt conveyor with a filler of big bags, connected with a finished goods warehouse by means of a fork lift and interconnected with the help of belt conveyors and transfer units with the drying module. The module of processing of core production wastes is equipped with a receiving hopper for metal inclusions, a settling tank for water by the connected pipeline via filters with peat charge with a reservoir for service water, equipped with a pump house and a storage of wastes, connected by the belt conveyor to the hammer crusher, connected by the belt conveyor with the biofuel storage included into the drying module.

Method to restore abandoned pits for construction of cemetery

Method includes separate excavation, displacement and piling of soil layer and overburden rocks into separate band dumps, mining of a pit field, filling of the mined space with construction wastes to the border of the upper level of ground water, and the composition of the wastes is close to natural minerals with different size of fractions, in layers with subsequent compaction of each layer, laying of a draining layer with construction wastes having thickness of not more than 0.6 m and with fraction size of 150-200 mm. At the same time they first perform design and planning works for construction of roads, passages, hydraulic engineering and land reclamation structures, then above the draining layer they do primary fill of the mined space of the pit with a mixture made of overburden rocks and ground construction wastes with fraction size of the latter not more of 100 mm that are mixed in equal proportions. Fill is carried out to complete filling of the mined space of the pit, then a layer of soil mixture with seeds of perennial herbs of meadow-weed group is applied onto the surface planed with a bulldozer, and at least in one year they perform final planning, then ploughing of the planed surface with subsequent levelling, afterwards roads are connected, and hydraulic engineering and land reclamation structures are arranged, and the restored area is divided into sections to bury remains.

Method of destruction of rocks and device for its implementation

Method comprises drilling a hole, filling it with the non-Newtonian fluid, feeding of the working body into the hole, inflicting strikes on it with the drill-rod. The strikes are inflicted through the elastic element such as spring. The effort is periodically made to the drill-rod synchronously with its rebounds. The device comprises a working body located in a hole filled with the non-Newtonian fluid, a guide tube in which the drill-rod is inserted with the ability of longitudinal movement, and between it and the working body an elastic element is placed such as a spring. The guide tube is made of nonmagnetic material and a solenoid coil is mounted on it, provided with a control system. The end of the drill-rod from the solenoid coil side is magnetised.

Method of open working out of steep deposits with internal spoil disposal

Method in which the quarry along the length is divided by the lines, of which the first is worked out to a target depth with an external spoil disposal and working out of the subsequent ones is carried out using an internal spoil disposal, placing the overburden in the mined-out space of the adjacent line with the common formation of the dump tiers with the development of mining work. And simultaneously with the start of mining operations in the quarry of the first stage within the quarry of the second stage along the deposits the front quarry is built with angles of the slopes of sides close to the angles of reclamation, the cross-overs are located in it for providing cargo communication of the upper working horizons of the quarry of the first stage with the surface, with the reduction of mining operations in the quarry of the first stage on its longitudinal side the loop cross-overs are made adjacent to the bottom of the quarry in the area of the end side, which is formed with a slope towards the temporary side, marking the limit of the quarries of first and second stage, when achievement in the mining operations in the quarry of the first stage of the current depth. The separation of the sides of the front quarry is carried out, turning them into working, and after complete working out the reserves of the quarry of the first stage the working out the reserves of the quarry of the second stage is carried out, while linking its main openings to the main openings of quarry of the first stage in the locations of the loops, the inner dump in the worked-out area of quarry of the first stage is formed as inclined and horizontal tiers, at first directly with the surface from the side not occupied with main openings, the inclined tier is made with bulldozers with width of the platform on top equal to zero, and then using a draglines it is extended by the amount of boom extension, after this the horizontal tiers are dumped in series from the bottom up from the loop cross-overs with the high ensuring their sustainability, to complete formation of the inner dump.

Method of open working out of steep deposits of platform shape

Method comprises formation of the working area, technology of mining overburden benches and providing cargo communication of the working horizons to the surface, the overburden benches of the working area are taken of the increased height (25-30 m), based on the condition of their mining using excavators with extended working equipment, the benches are combined into groups of three in each. At that for the upper and lower benches in the groups the minimum working areas are provided with dimensions equal to the width of the transport platforms, providing two-way traffic of technology vehicles and its manoeuvring, for the middle benches the width of the platforms is taken equal to the sum of the width of minimum working area and the width of the recess stope with ready-to-dig volumes of overburden, providing the necessary speed of reduction of mining operations in each group of overburden benches of the working area during the formation of the breakdown of the blasted rock mass based on conditions of placing it on the middle and lower benches. And the breakdown of the rock remaining on the middle benches, is divided into two layers, the upper of which are worked out with excavators with top loading into vehicles that are on the platforms of upper benches, the volumes of the lower layers and volumes of the overburden dumped with explosion on the lower benches are worked out with individual excavators with loading to vehicles at the same level with them. After working out the ready for excavation volumes of overburden in all groups of benches and formation of the corresponding volumes on the adjacent underlying benches and displacement of the boundary of the groups occurring at that down by one bench, their working out is repeated in the above procedure, opening the overburden benches of the working area of is carried out using steep sliding cross-overs with the longitudinal slope of 12-15° and width, providing placement of the breakdown of the blasted rock mass during their extension and at the same time the through passage of the technological transport, the extension of steep cross-overs is carried out using track and wheel loaders by dividing the breakdown of the blasted rock mass to the horizontal and inclined layers with the height defined taking into account the trajectory of motion of the loader bucket.

Shaft-sinking and tunnelling mining unit (module)

Shaft-sinking and tunnelling winning unit for mechanisation of mine workings and mining operations comprises a platform in the form of a frame with support skis and the adjustable insert, a mining machine with symmetrically placed screws on the output shafts of gearboxes, the face conveyor with line pans, the sections of mechanised shoring with bases and canopies with hydraulic props of the thrust and the jacks of shifting, the scraper reloader and the control panel. The platform is made autonomously and is provided with a feeding mechanism in the form of a feeding mechanism of the mining machine with the ability of rigid placing on it of the housing of the mining machine in cleaning and in excavating implementation.

Device for determining energy consumption for rock destruction

Device comprises a motor, an electric power meter, a rock destroying tool and a cup for placement the rock sample, the lower part of which is made in the form of a piston. Movement of the piston in a cup is carried out by the pusher interacting with the load placed in the cup by four power and four transmission belts, two rackbars placed on the pusher and which are in involute gearing with two gear wheels, four drums and four pulleys. The drums are placed on the same shaft with each gear wheel, one on each side, and each of four power belts is fastened with one end to the drum and with the other on the support of gear wheel.

Method of determining outburst sites in coal beds

Method of determining outburst sites in coal pits, comprising interval drilling well in the bottomhole of development opening, measuring at each interval of exit of drill cuttings and the initial rate of gas emission and determining the possibility of existence in the coal bed of solid solutions of natural gas according to the type of gas hydrates. Then in the drilled well the specific electrical resistivity of the coal bed is measured and the dependency diagram of the specific electrical resistivity of the coal bed from the distance along the well axis is made, using which the width of the site of the coal bed is determined, comprising the solid solution of natural gas according to the type of gas hydrates. Then the rate of outburst Rn is determined taking into account the width of the site of coal bed comprising the solid solution of natural gas according to the type of gas hydrates, and the natural moisture content of the coal bed. At that on the test site of the coal bed at a distance of 0.75÷1.25 m from the first well the second well is drilled. Then the velocity of elastic waves in the array between the wells is determined, for which the piezoelectric detectors are placed in both wells, which are moved with the increment of 0.15÷0.25 m simultaneously in both wells. At that the sites of the coal bed, in which the specific electrical resistivity is 50÷100 times greater than the specific electrical resistivity of the adjacent sites, contain the solid solution of natural gas according to the type of gas hydrates, if the velocity of elastic waves in them is about 2.0÷2.5 km/s.

Method of development of powerful steeply dipping deposits of unstable ores

Method of development of powerful steeply dipping deposits of unstable ores consists of separating the ore body to the floors, and the floors - to the horizontal or gently sloping layers developed in descending order, removal of the ore within the layers with splits, stowing with the hardening materials, drifting of the splits of the second and subsequent layers under the stowing array. When drifting of the splits of the second and subsequent layers under the stowing array with keeping ahead the bottomhole of the split in its sides, represented by unstable ore array, at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the split the holes are drilled. Through the holes while they are ahead of the bottomhole of the split the bonding composition is injected in the rock mass. At that the distance between the holes is taken equal to twice the depth of penetration into the ore array in the vicinity of the hole of the bonding composition, and the length of the holes is determined using the expression.

Control method of laser treatment of rock material of variable rigidity and system for its implementation

Control method comprises control of the intensity of the high temperature thermodynamic laser irradiation to the area of the laser radiation, regulation of change of the wavefront of the laser radiation, control of milling cutting force P, the parameters of the rock material rigidity f through the registration sensor of the rock material rigidity, mounted on the frame of fibre optic laser emitter, the speed control of movement of the surface miner Vki, introduction to program of algorithm of calculation of the wavefront of laser radiation power W, depending on the parameters of rock material rigidity f and the approach increment of fibre optic emitters li based on the equation.

Method of development of powerful steeply inclined coal bed in stripes downwards

Method of development comprises preparing of the extraction column carrying out conveyor and ventilation drifts, preparing of winning band by performing off end and near slopes along the downwards line at the soil of layer from the conveyor to the ventilation drift on both sides of the band, performing the mounting chamber at the ventilation drift, mounting of sections of aggregated timber in it, coal extraction with low-inclined layers by the shearer of front action and transportation of coal along the bottom hole of self-propelled car to off end slope , in inclination of the extracted layer towards the near slope, or to the near coal chute slope, in inclination of the extracted layer towards the off end slope, change in the direction of inclination of the layer and turn of the combine in the chamber, which is carried out outside of the winning band. And the self-propelled car is equipped with an automated control system. At that from the overlap of each section of the aggregated timber towards the soil layer a signal is given, corresponding to the order number of the timber section, this signal is received by the receiving device mounted on the self-propelled car, and is transmitted to the automated control system. After changing the direction of inclination of the layer setting up of the control system of the self-propelled car is carried out, which, depending on the combination of numbers of the received signals and the degree of loading the body, ensures actuation of actuators of the self-propelled car - movement back and forth, drive-brake, loading-unloading, stop.

Method of open development of mineral deposits

Invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in open development of mineral deposits. The method comprises opening the deposit and recovery of mineral deposits with ledges with formation of the inclined surfaces of slopes and pit edges, drilling wells, loading of wells with explosives, breaking of the rock mass with blasting of explosives in units, distributed on the pit ledges, loading and transportation of the rock mass to the sites of its storage or further processing. The location sites and size of rock blocks are determined, hovering on the slopes of the ledges. From the earth's surface or upstream sites of ledges the workers and drilling equipment is descended on the lifelines to the upper surface of the hovering rock block. In the hovering rock block the wells are drilled with the distance between the wells not exceeding the maximum distance equal to the twice depth of distribution in the rock mass in the vicinity of the well of area of the rock destruction that occurs when blasting explosives in the well. The wells are drilled parallel to the surface of the slope of the ledge, and the distance between the wells and the surface of the slope of the ledge is taken as equal to the depth of distribution in the rock mass in the vicinity of the well of area of the rock destruction that occurs when blasting explosives in the well.

Method of preparing rock material for recess using laser exposure and automated system for its implementation

Method is performed using the automated system which comprises a laser device with the possibility of longitudinal displacement and is provided with a damper platform placed on the surface miner frame and pivotally connected to the frame of the laser device. The laser device is placed on the frame guides with the ability to move longitudinally along the guides on the rolling bearings using the drive connected with the automatic control unit, and is made in the form of a cassette with fibre-optic emitters placed along the moving direction of the surface miner.

Method of land reclamation, disturbed by dredging works

In the river valley the dams of embankment are constructed for creation of fields of filtration and prevention of spreading of sewage water from the reclamated plot. At that the sewage water from the dredging water reservoir with a high content of suspended clay particles is fed through the hoses on the planned surface of the reclamated plot, and the place of pulp supply is periodically changed on the area of the reclamated plot.

System of dredge vessel

Invention relates to mining and can be used for dredging soil. The system to extract submerged sediments (3) of the geological allotment and their allotment is considered. From the free floating mining ship (1) the mixture of water and sediment is sucked by the submerged pump assembly through the flexible hose (7) made with the ability of winding on a rotating spool (5) located on the said mining ship when the ship sails over the geological allotment. The sucked mixture is then immediately fed into one of the series of free-floating cargo and transporting assemblies (27), which float along the board side. The system is provided with the length regulators of the suction hose and the length of the hanging ropes.

Method of determining gas kinetic characteristics of coal-bed

Method of determining the gas-kinetic characteristics of coal-bed, comprising drilling wells and sampling of coal drilled out in sampling sealed cups and unsealed containers with their delivery to the laboratory to determine gas bearing capacity, true and apparent density, fractional and technical composition of coal. And in the method of drilling the transportation of coal to the wellhead is performed by its air-flushing, and the wellhead is equipped with screens separating coal flow with holes decreasing with distance from the wellhead. The separated coal sample falling out between the screens is placed in a sampling cup and sealed with a cover having a connection to the gas pipeline. And in the said sampling cup there are electronic pressure and temperature sensors for recording their reading in time, based on which the speed and energy of emitting gas is evaluated, and the metal balls for grinding sample on the vibrating table for the analysis of coal sample in the laboratory conditions.

Method of comprehensive development brown coal deposits

Method of comprehensive development of brown coal deposits comprises dividing the deposits into blocks, drilling drainage wells and underground coal gasification, dissolution of ash and slag residues of coal and pumping of productive solution to the surface for subsequent extraction of valuable components, filling the goaf of the block with the filling material. Six rows of vertical wells are drilled, located in a block with the distance of 20-25 m from one another, which are sequentially used as drainage, productive for the gasification of coal, for dissolution and extraction of ash and slag residuals of coal, and for injection of filling mixture. In each row 10-12 vertical wells are located at a distance of 15-20 m from one another. Underground water is pumped and directed through the unit of water treatment to consumer. Underground coal gasification gas is purified from impurities in the unit of energy gas purification and burned in a local gas electric station. The resultant carbon dioxide is injected in the filling mass via the storage unit and the productive solution is purified from the solid impurities and pumped through a pipeline to a chemical-technological unit connected with the filling complex by the unit of unutilised wastes.

Multicomponent product destruction method

Destruction method of multicomponent products consisting of metal components with attached insulating elements includes induction of stress field exceeding the limit of their mechanical strength in result of powerful shock waves, which are originated from a discharge channel formed in water between electrodes installed in a case and connected to a high-voltage pulse generator; the method is featured by use of discharges with energy gradient of 0.8-0.9 J/mm in order to induce stress field exceeding the limit of their mechanical strength and by implementation of the above discharges on the boundary line of water and destructed insulating elements.

Radial tool with superhard cutting surface

Invention relates to cutting tools. Particularly, it relates to radial cutter of header, header and method of cutter production. This cutter comprises shank, head and insert. Said shank features out-of-round cross-section. Said head comprises point area remote from shank and lateral surfaces connecting the front and rear surfaces. Insert is arranged at the point front end. Said insert has body made of tungsten carbide and element made of superhard material. The latter extends into said body and fused therewith. At least a part of superhard material element is exposed at insert cutting surface. At least a part of head front surface is made of superhard material and spaced from the element made of superhard material.

Device for production of minerals from continental shelf

Proposed device comprises mineral feed pipe aligned inside hollow pipe with funnel at its bottom, and coolant feed pipeline. Additionally, this device comprises coolant feed pipelines distributed uniformly over hollow pipe perimeter, in funnel walls and in extra struts of said funnel. Hollow pipe is located at the level of funnel strut. Funnel strut inner walls are perforated. At the level of funnel, hollow pipe has vertical cut-outs furnished with plugs from top and bottom. Funnel strut top parts are also equipped with plugs.

Hydraulic bore mining of minerals

Invention relates to mining and can be used at mining operations. Proposed method comprises drilling the row of test wells to fit downhole hydromining units therein and to washout minerals therefrom by fluid jets forced by said units for pulp to be delivered to surface. Drilled pipes are inclined in the plane perpendicular to spread of said row. Wells are drilled in a row to distance equal to double efficient length of washout jet while rows are spaced apart through distance equal to efficient length of washout jet. Washout is performed from wells towards hanging layer to form the face with hemispherical cross-section perpendicular to well axis.

Water supply for dredging

Invention relates to mining and can be used in dredging of valley and floodplain detritus. This method comprises construction of stream diversion channel, service pool for dredge and system of water treatment plants. Stream diversion channel is composed by natural bed in drag bank made at working the deposit in lengthwise direction with earth prism filling to inner slope of dredge bank. Extraction of mineral during stream diversion channel is carried out by asymmetric manoeuvring of dredge to ensure maximum cross-section area of dredge bank. Water level in service pool and water treatment plats is kept level with stream diversion channel water horizon.

Strip mining of minerals including working of ore bodies in contact between ore and capping in sub-benches

Proposed method comprises drilling the vertical wells, charging the latter, placing the charges, short-delay blasting of said wells and selective excavation. Blasting of blocks is performed in bulk. Note here that all three dimensions of blasted block, i.e. width, length and height, are set irrespective of the position of contacts and the number of ore bodies. After block blasting, portion of shotpile is dumped over slope roof with working of the first pass over rock on the side of ore body hanging side. Depending on attitude of ore body in blasted block, selective working of productive bench is performed in two sub-benches with mining in layers.

Open-underground mining of coal seams

Proposed method comprises construction of work sites to inclined openings are made along boundaries of every board to depth of pit contour line. Required depth reached, drifts are cut from inclined openings of work site No. 1 at 90 degrees towards inclined openings of work sites No. 2 for them to be combined to erect the pumping. Deposit is worked by long opening shafts by heading-and-winning machine. Working of all openings is carried out by heading-and-winning complex. Belt slope and mounting-dismantling slope are worked from pit board from work site No. 1. Belt slope and mounting-dismantling slope are worked from pit board from work site No. 2 with a certain delay. After combining the drifts with inclined openings of work sire No. 2, heading-and-wining complex is reconfigured and completed. Then, deposit is mined by long opening shafts in ascending order. Said shaft is worked by short faces in pillarless mining, alternatively, in forward and reverse runs with formation of vent-conveyor break-offs guarded by pillar with timbering.

Method and device for increase in excavation at deposit

Deposit contains the rock of valuable mineral and the other mineral. Proposed method comprises steps that follow: drilling for rock extraction, registration of predefined drilling parameter, registration of measured magnitude describing drilling unit operating conditions and computation of exclusion of measured magnitude dependence on drilling parameter. Characteristic dependent on rock texture is obtained. This characteristic is used as the measure of mineral grain for valuable mineral in rock and for definition of optimum grinding of minerals at rock grinding.

Pulse rotator of machine working attachment

Pulse rotator of a machine working attachment comprises a rotary actuator, a drive and driven shafts, a cam, a pusher. The shafts of the driven and driving gears are made parallel. The cam is made as a circular tooth profile of the drive gear, and tooth cavities in the form of a recess performing the role of the pusher are made on the driven gear. Tooth thickness is selected based on the relationship: S=30·d·ω/p, where S - tooth thickness of the driven gear, d - diameter of the driven gear, ω - angular velocity of rotation of the driven gear, p - frequency of oscillation of the given work process. The maximum value of the inclination angle of the recess is chosen based on the relationship: α=arctg f, where α - angle of inclination of the recess, f - friction coefficient of the cam and pusher kinematic pair.

Electric pulse well drilling and electric pulse drill tip

Invention relates to well and shaft drilling. Drilling of solid bodies by electric pulse discharges comprises destruction of said bodies by high-voltage electric discharges between HV and grounded electrodes by electric pulse drill tip. Descending flow of flushing electrically conducting fluid destructs solid bodies to form gas cavity nearby working area naked end of HV electrode. Drill tip comprises HV and grounded electrodes isolated by insulator furnished with openings for feed of flushing fluid. HV electrode is shaped to skirt while central grounded electrode is spring loaded. Said drill tip is equipped with second grounded electrode composed of ring arranged above HV electrode.

Processing of potassic seams by combined technology

Step-by-step mining of productive layers of potassic seams with advance breaking the rock salt, first shearer mining is executed in the chamber design contour over its entire length to combine it with vent drift. Blasting cutting of the entire rock salt is performed in the entire volume of cleanup chamber design contour from the walls of shearer mining drift. Cut rock salt if placed on soil of previous shearer mining. Excavation of mineral from productive layers of potassic seam is performed by heading machine. Machine drift in the chamber design contour is located subject to chamber width either at the chamber centre or on board of its design contour.

Processing of potassic seams

Proposed method comprises chamber seal mining, working the chamber entrance from development entry, excavation of rock interlayer and shearer mining of the seam productive seams. Advance cutting of rock interlayer from the seam is performed by blasting. Mining of seam productive layer is performed by shearer mining in radial passes to design width of working chamber. The, the miner is moved to initial position of radial pass. Cut rock interlayer is placed at the soil of worked chamber.

Device for laser-mechanical drilling of silica-containing materials

Device comprises an electric motor, a reduction gear with a hollow shaft, a laser light source, a tool for drilling, a mechanism of reciprocating supply of the drilling tool, an optical fibre, a gas system, a fluid reservoir, a mixer, a liquid injection system into the mixer, a suction system, channels for cooling the optical fibre, for supplying a refrigerant into a digging face zone and for discharging the refrigerant and the sludge suctioned from the digging face zone. A gas flow is supplied to the mixer from the gas system for atomisation of fluid in it with formation of a gas-droplet mixture, supplied into the digging face zone. The drilling tool is made of a sequence of units in the form of core tubes. The final unit of the drilling tool includes a ribbed crown equipped with heat-resistant cutters at its end and side surfaces. The slave end of the initial unit of the drilling tool is connected to the hollow shaft of a cylindrical reduction gear connected to an electric motor. The tube inside which the optical fibre made of quartz is placed with a gap, is positioned coaxially and without a possibility of rotation inside the cavity of the cylindrical reduction gear and the core units. The annular gap between the fibre surface and the inner surface of the tube serves as a supply channel of the gas guard flow for cooling the optical fibre and protecting its radiative end against particles of a destructible material during laser and mechanical treatment of the digging face surface. The annular gap between the outer surface of the tube and the inner surface of the core units serves as a channel for supplying the refrigerant into the digging face zone. The annular gap between the outer surface of core units and the hole surface in the material serves as a discharge channel of the refrigerant and sludge suctioned from the digging face zone.

Coal strip mining

Proposed method comprises the steps that follow. Top soil layer is removed to be preserves or to be transferred to territories to be reclaimed, loosening, loading and conveying stripped rock to make the waste dumps, dislodging, loading and coal transfer to storage and reclamation of dumps. Note here that seam weathered coal approaching the day surface is extracted and stored separately. Waste dumps are levelled to apply soil and weathered coal layers thereon. Produced layer is loosened with stripped rock and rolled.

Peat production screw-type unit

Screw-type unit comprises some screws with cutters fitted thereat. Said screws are arranged linearly with minimum clearances there between. Note here that shafts of said screws at their tope part are articulated via horizontal closed chain circuit to interact with gears fitted on screw shafts. Said screws are fitted in the housing with hole at its top part for peat unloading. Said housing surrounds all screws in a wavy way. Shafts of outer screws are equipped with independent drives.

Cutter, particularly cutter with round shank

Invention relates to cutter, particularly, to cutter with round shank comprising cutter head and cutter shank. Note here that fastening bush is retained in the cutter shank zone while said cutter is equipped with thrust element with guide zone. In compliance with this invention, for ease of cutter handling, said thrust element has deflecting section arranged in its zone opposite the cutter head bottom. Said section adjoins the guide zone to allow fastening bush to change from unlocked position to locked position of from partially locked position to locked position. Note also that guide zone extends through rounded flare to aforesaid thrust surface.

Development of gas-bearing set of coal seams

This method consists in development of the set of coal seams in ascending order in system "Long direction of strata" with excavation. Rock pressure is control by collapsing the roof rocks in exposed space with subsequent isolation. Note here that first the set bottom seam is mined with advance degassing and continuation of gas suction therefrom at mining of overlying undermined seams. Then, overlying seams are mined in ascending order. Note here that mine fluids are collected from the entire set of coal seams at bottom seam bottom point at its mining with the feed of aqueous solution of antipyrogenes into stripped area. After working of bottom seam advance seam degassing is terminated. Barometric pressure is maintained in worked space by discharging fluid gases from sources below the set. Note here that advance degassing in overlying seams is not used at stripping. Besides, feed of aqueous solution of antipyrogenes into stripped area is performed from bottom seam into stripped area of every of the next stripped coal seams.

Forecast of rock massif section collapse

This process comprises registration in time of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) signals. Spectral amplitudes of said signals are measured to construct the spectrum-time matrix of said amplitudes as frequency and time increase. Frequency subbands are defined as frequency increases to isolate near spectral amplitudes in every subband. Three groups of spectral amplitudes increasing in time are designated by open lines on matrix. On matrix in every said group examined are the expansion in time of frequency subbands and areas of every group to judge on collapse process build-up. At a time with isolation of said groups, consecutively registered in time are every ith time of difference between maximum and minimum magnitudes of EMR signal spectral near amplitudes, ratio between said differences, difference between said ratios and quantity of spectral characteristics in every group and at every time moment. Decrease in said ratios and their differences, their subsequent stabilisation in time and increase in quantity of said amplitudes in third group allow the conclusion about the origination of intensive fracturing.

Disposal of potassium concentration wastes

Proposed method comprises opening, preparing and working of the section of chambers, preparing of filling mix of potassium dressing wastes and filling of chambers. Working section is opened in drifts from overlying bed. After processing of said section by cleanup chambers, the latter are filled with filling mix with addition of calcium chloride. Filling mix is fed over drifts from overlying bed by gravity. After filling of said chambers, impermeable dams are erected at drift start. Subject to mining and geological conditions, said filling mix can be fed to every chamber or set of chambers via wells drilled from working of overlying bed. Then, wells are plugged.

Method of rock massif disintegration by crosswise cuts

Rock massif is disintegrated in crosswise direction by heading-and-winning machine planetary-disc actuators It is performed by serial intersecting cuts in radial-tangential and tangential-radial directions made by cutters of disc running in opposite directions. Said discs are set at the angle to plane formed by cutter lengthwise axis and radial direction relative thereto.

Selecting working of unworked edge of upland mineral deposit quarry working zone

Proposed method comprises opening of deposit by galleries at quarry unworked edge, working of deposit in blocks with excavation of minerals by chambers, release of crushed mineral to underground openings and bringing it to grass. Note here that deposit is developed by galleries at dividing unworked edge to horizons equal to height of production bench. Charges are laid in gallery blast-holes and wells. Cut opening is produced by blasting blast-hole and well charges of the gallery central group. Rock is excavated and loaded to carries via loading funnels. Blast-hole and well charges are blasted to force the deposit of the gallery flank groups to cut opening. Conical bank of blasted rock is formed, loaded and transported. Deposits of central and two flank directions are developed to isolate prior development zones by quality of mineral stock.

Header cutter

Invention relates to continuous-operation headers. Header cutter comprises support element, extensible cutting head arranged at support element front end with central main part and at least one extensible drum part arranged at butting head end outside in axial direction from said cutting head main part. Extensible drum part has axial inner end abutting on cutting head main part. Axial outer end comprises inner end structure secured to cutting head main part and outer cylinder secured thereto. Inner cylinder secured to said inner end structure is located inside outer cylinder and aligned therewith. Extensible cylinder has inner circular expanded end with the part located between said inner and outer cylinders. End cover has ledge accommodating inner cylinder outer end aligned therewith. First and second spaces are formed between said cylinders. When fluid flows through said spaces extensible cylinder displaces to pulled or pushed position.

Drilling-and-blasting jobs

Invention relates to mining particularly to openworking of rocks. Zoning is adjusted by registration of changes in thrust and lift engine performances to tie the latter via bucket spatial position in digging cycle for registration of bench bottom quality, granulometric composition and shape of cut rock bulk at transition from near well space to gotten well space. Characteristics of bench bottom working are allowed for by changes in performances of thrust engine at the level of bench bottom. Rock granulometric composition is defined by changes in performances of lift engines at filling and retention of filled bucket. Bulk compactness is defined by changes in performances of lift engine at scooping height registration at transition from gotten near well space to gotten well space.

Laser-mechanical drilling of silica-bearing materials

Laser radiation is fed to bore face is delivered via quartz optical 0.2-1 mm dia fibre. Optical fibre is locked in pipe along the drilling tool inner space axis. Note here that radiating end of optical finer is spaced from ribbed bit cutters end surface for h≤d0/[2tg(arcsinNA)], where d0 is ribbed bit cavity diameter, NA is optical fibre numerical aperture. Protective gas flow is forced in circular gap between optical finer surface and pipe inner surface towards the face. Said face is irradiated with laser beam with radiation sport at face surface of diameter smaller than that of ribbed bit OD by (0.6÷2)Δ, where Δ=(20÷35)/q is depth of thermally weakened material layer (cm), q=P(l-R)(l-ρ) is absorbed laser radiation density (W/cm2), P is power density of incident laser radiation (W/cm2), R is the factor of reflection from material surface, ρ is heat loses from radiation from heated material. For this, prior to irradiation drill tool end surface is set at L=[D-d0-(0.6÷2)Δ]/[2tg(arcsinNA)] from face surface, where D is ribbed bit OD. Drilling is conducted in intermittent manner. In every cycle, face surface is irradiated for t=(45000÷130000)/q2 (s), for face surface heating to material fusion and boiling temperature. Then, face surface is cooled by coolant for 1-15 s at heat exchange factor of 300÷5000 W/m2·deg. Then, drill tool is displaced towards the face till the contact therewith by ribbed bit end cutters. Lengthwise forces are applied to mechanically crush said thermally weakened material to depth Δ with simultaneous forced removal of slime from face zone. Thereafter drill toll is shifted from face surface for distance L. Drill cycles are reiterated unless preset bore depth is reached.

Hydraulic site for coal seam mining with underground closed-cycle water supply

Invention relates to mining and can be used for hydraulic process of coal production. Main and auxiliary openings are driven via tandem and/or single faces that delineate blocks, barrier and safety pillars. Water is forced into faces by pump stations after cleaning at drainage complexes, mechanised settlers and/or water headers. The latter are located in intercommunicated chambers located at lower points of hydraulic site blocks and exiting into accumulation openings via which hydraulic transport is performed and rock is discharged. Abandoned pillars are liquidated after working of extraction pillar at backstroke in tow-side or single-side cuts. Water is cleaned at mechanised settlers and/or water headers with application of combination of water cleaning technical means and processes. For this, used are, for example, water impermeable partitions with water bypass nearby bottom, thin-layer clarifiers, flotation, coagulation, water processing by constant pulsating current, etc.

Access ramp for trucks in open-pit mine

Access ramp for trucks in open-pit mine combined with inclined safety berm of open-pit mine includes empty and loaded branches and additional ramps to safety berms of open-pit mine located on side slopes of ramp for trucks. Herewith, empty and loaded branches of access ramp for trucks are separated and located in different half-trenches the bases of which are inclined safety berms of open-pit mine replacing sections of horizontal safety berms of open-pit mine along path of ramp for trucks and interconnected by additional ramps for auxiliary equipment located on side slopes of half-trenches, and additional ramps connecting access ramp for trucks with safety berms of open-pit mine are located at both sides of it.

Determination of rock specimen mechanical properties

Specimen is loaded by two spherical indenters directed in opposition till its cracking. Destructive force is registered to define cracking surface area in destructed specimen that extends through loading axis, geometrical parameters of destructed zones in areas of contact with spherical indenters, specimen rupture stretching stress and mean compressive stress at the boundary of the larger of destructed zones are calculated. Breaking point and shear resistance are defined as mechanical properties of the specimen. Debris of crushed specimen are used to compose a composite specimen for determination of geometrical parameters of crushed zones at the ends of said composite specimen. Diameter of residual marks of indenters and indent hole length along fracture surface are defined. Surface area of larger destructed zone at contact with indenters, breaking point at uniform stretching, maximum shear resistance and Poisson factor are defined by the formulas.

Protection of development entries

Proposed method comprises mechanised pre-working and stabilisation in coal massif, protection of opened space against adjacent column by coal post. Compensation cavities are made in virgin massif, nearby bed soil, and separated by coal post. Cavities and coal posts there between on massif side and opened space are arranged in staggered manner. Width, height and depth of cavities are defined on the basis of coal seam mining and geological conditions and heading machine performances. Coal post width between compensation cavities is calculated with due allowance for empirical factor equal to 1.3 at working in virgin massif and equal to 1.6 at working in adjacent column abutment pressure zone, seal depth (post height) and seam cubical compression strength.

Method of open working of minerals with groundwater influx

Proposed method comprises erection of sludge pond, opening and mining of quarry field. At quarry nonworking board bench located on the side of maximum ground water mark in quarry field contour erected is buttress anti-filtration shield, under the level of ground waters beyond the boundaries the prism of possible collapse of underlying bench, over the entire length of ground water layer. Note here that buttress shield height is defined from mathematical relationship.

Muck cleanup at steeply-dipping deposits

Proposed method comprises laying of perforated pipes to be advanced as ore is broken, filling said pipes with substance generating the power for broken ore cleanup and broken ore cleanup. Explosive is used as power generating substance. Explosive is fitted in said pipe and initiated while ore cleanup is performed by blast shock wave. Pipe perforations are located so that hole axes are parallel with laying side plane which allows pipe breaking in line of said holes and directing major part of blast air wave to lying side.

Method of deposition open working

Proposed method comprises excavation of working trench, mounting of transport communications, working of quarry field, excavation of minerals and access rock by benches. Note here that quarry field development is varied out from centre to its flanks while after development of quarry field for angle α between working trench and transport communications to be defined from mathematical relationship. Access rock is dumped into internal dumps located between working trench and transport communications. After complete development of quarry field working trench is elongated and transport communications are installed, cycle being reiterated several times.

Method of pilling on inclined base

Proposed method comprises stockpile filling of dumping site stages. Note here that dumping site stage comprising rocks of capping and pasty tails are laid separately towards each other. Note also that pasty tails are laid on slope side Note that stockpile filling of dumping site stages and pasty tails I performed to one horizontal level.

Double-ended method of deposit opening during underground operations

Double-ended method of the deposit opening during underground operations includes shaft sinking of at least two holes, each hole having its own job site. Opening of the deposit is made by underground horizontal and/or inclined workings from each hole. As the shaft sinking progresses the underground horizontal workings are made from the hole at a distance of at least 5 diameters of the hole. Vertical wells are drilled from the surface and horizontal cuts and when the lower horizontal working is reached the well is drilled up to the project diameter of the air raise. Horizontal workings are placed vertically, one by one, at a distance to be determined by technical capabilities of the drilling rig. The upper part of the air raise is made from the surface through quaternary deposits by a usual method. At the first stage each end of the deposit is ventilated separately, at the second stage fresh air is supplied through a pair of combined developments - a borehole and the air riser at one end while outgoing jet is outputted through the combined developments of the other end.