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The way to increase productivity solodkova thickets and device for its implementation

The way to increase productivity solodkova thickets and device for its implementation
IPC classes for russian patent The way to increase productivity solodkova thickets and device for its implementation (RU 2189722):
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(57) Abstract:

The method includes mowing ground shoots licorice and stalks of wild, related plants in Solodkova Association. Next cut the surface layer of soil to a depth of root tails and Karabash licorice. Crafts of Kornetov taking into account terrain perform simultaneously with the trimming of the vertical and horizontal roots in cracks. Crafts of Kornetov on depleted soils with diffuse distributed licorice roots perform otryvnoi ditches rectangular profile with a width of 0.4-0.8 m and a depth of up to 1.2 m For this genetic horizons without mixing to raise the level of the surface. At the bottom of the open ditch stack top layer of soil along with the plant and root residues and seeds of weeds. After movement of the upper fertile layer of soil from the sides of the ditch last fall asleep earlier raised the soil layers and soil. Over the ditch to form the shaft by soil compaction and soil. The device includes a frame, bracket, automatic couplers, wheels and a working body for cutting karastergiou soil layer and crafts of Kornetov in the form of a rack with blades. It is equipped with an additional p the positive work the body in the mirror reflection of the main working body. Each of the racks has a tiered set of additional L-shaped blade. On bottom of the horizontal blades on one of the racks (left) mounted compostelana lever. On the frame of the device includes three blade. The front blade is equipped with left and right shares. One of the dumps with the left and right shares placed symmetrically and front racks working bodies. Two other blade placed on the sides away from the racks called working bodies. Side dumps are equipped with driven screw conveyors. The slices side dumps opposed placed in front of the rink to give the corresponding profile of the sealing layer of soil above the ditch. Increased productivity thickets licorice, reduced material, energy and labor costs, ensures the conditional roots and soil protection from erosion. 2 C. p. F.-ly, 11 ill.

The invention relates to agriculture and the agricultural industry, in particular to methods of increasing the productivity of natural Solodkova (licorice) thickets by creating favorable conditions for their development and destruction of competitors and technological measures for improvement of unproductive wild Solodkova Association is the second part of the roots, podkapyvanii and retrieval of conditioned their fractions of land, in order to prevent wind erosion and desiccation of the soil cutting the upper part of the roots is carried out by removing the surface layer of the earth that move without wrapping on the removed part of the field (SU authorship 904563, CL 01 And D 91/02. The method of harvesting the roots of plants //Bondarenko, Y. S. and Mychko I. Ii. Declared 20.08.1980 published 15.02.1982).

The obstacles to achieve the desired technical result when using the known method is the low quality of the extracted roots. When mass production of licorice in the above-mentioned Bush more than 65% of the roots have a diameter up to 7 mm with a percentage content of glycyrrhizic acid is less than 6,0. At the top karastergiou layer is only 15-18% of the conforming roots.

The closest way to the same destination to the claimed object on the totality of symptoms is the method of harvesting the roots of plants, mainly liquorice, including mowing aboveground parts of the plant, cutting the surface layer of the soil with root tails and Karabash, move it to a removed area of the field, podkapyvanii and removing the roots from the soil, in which, in order to improve ocvi on harvested area of the field open furrow with soil roll, then in the furrow laid topsoil, compacted it and cover with a layer of soil, destroying soil swath; to better seal the surface layer of soil before moving to destroy parts (SU authorship 1184470, CL 01 And D 91/02. The method of harvesting the roots of plants //Bondarenko, Y. S. and Detlev Century A. Stated 26.04.1984 published 15.10.1985).

The obstacles to achieve the desired result in the application of the known method is that unproductive bushes of licorice, including old-age, before the harvest cut into small pieces, including roots, rhizomes and Karabash. Then cut the part in the chaotic order of the stack in the layers of the soil to a depth of 60 cm and, to save them, repeatedly rolled down. After such extraction technology roots in natural Bush licorice requires at least 7-8 years in order to restore the design floor and the surface of the field appeared vegetative and partial shoots from Solodkova roots and Karabash. The number of conditioned roots at harvest on the restored array to the 9th year of the life of the plants described restoration method does not exceed 15-20%.

The closest way the same nessacarily, includes mowing the aerial parts of plants and cutting the surface layer of the soil with root tails and Karabash, in which, according to the invention, in Solodkova associations determine the age, boundaries and directions of development of root systems and at an angle to this direction taking into account the terrain simultaneously with continuous movement are crafts of Kornetov and trimming of the vertical and horizontal roots in cracks with variable step and reduce the spacing from the center of the thicket to the external border; trim vertical and horizontal roots and crafts of Kornetov in karastergiou soil layer is conducted perpendicular to the direction of development of the root mass; trim the vertical and horizontal roots and crafts of Kornetov performed under an angle of 40-50oto the direction of development of the root mass; trim vertical and horizontal roots and crafts of Kornetov combine with the direction of the harvesting of the roots from the soil layers; cutting the vertical and horizontal roots and crafts of Kornetov carried out towards the development of root systems Solodkova Association; kornegay perform on two levels; kornegay are in the form of cavities, sealed linkactivated Solodkova thickets and device for its implementation //A. Kolganov Century, Caldew A. M., Borodachev centuries , Konstantinova T., Declared 01.09.1997 published 10.02.1999). This method we have adopted for the nearest equivalent.

The obstacles to achieve the desired result when using the known method adopted for the nearest equivalent, is that the colonization of plants licorice inhibit plant competitors, as well as insufficient amount of nutrients in the rooting zone during the first years of plant life licorice.

Known also mounted Ripper PH-6O (FH-80), consisting of a frame with a hinge, two supporting wheels, circular knife with a diameter of 800 mm, rack knife set at an angle of 60oto the horizon (see for example the book: Barsukov, A. F. , Eleni A. C. Quick reference of agricultural engineering, 2nd ed. extra - M.: Kolos, 1974. - 447 S. - S. 118-120 (Ripper hinged PH-60).

For reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result in the use of the known device is adopted as the first analogue in of the device, is that despite the ability of the Ripper PH-60 to perform the slit depth of 60-70 cm, due to the inclination of the rack-knife at an angle to the horizon, on the surface, extract licorice roots and Karabash. PE on the survival rate of licorice roots and do not contribute new korneobrazovateley.

The closest device of the same purpose to the declared object on a set of attributes in terms of technical means is a device for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov containing frame, bracket, automatic couplers, wheels and body work, in which, each working body for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov made in the form of a rack with two blades, one of which is arranged in an L-shape, the vertical portion of which is installed in front of the second vertical blades, while the frame is provided with an additional smoked installed in the cavity of the frame and is provided for movement along its axis, and brackets for installation of the racks of the working bodies, one of which is located in the middle of the frame, and the other two at the ends of the additional beams; additional beam is kinematically connected to the frame opposite the established hydraulic actuators; vertical blade and the blade in an L-shape made of parts of the rack; a horizontal shelf L-shaped blade paired with a rack on the arc of a circle; the cutting edges of the blades of the working body is formed of a one-sided sharpening frontal areas; angle stockily of Kornetov made in the form of a rack with two blades, one of which is arranged inclined to the direction of movement, and the other is L-shaped and mounted in alignment with the front of the blade, while the horizontal part of the rear blade paired with a rack on the arc of a circle; the cutting edge of the front blade is inclined to the horizon at an angle 65-75o; the cutting edge of the horizontal section of the blade L-shaped tilted to the side wall at an angle of 70-80o; working body for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov made in the form of a rack with two blades, one of which is arranged in an L-shape, and the other is vertical and installed in the alignment of the vertical part of the blade is L-shaped, with the end sections of the blades are placed bits for crafts of Kornetov; the bit for crafts of Kornetov made in the form of a parallelepiped with a cutting edge on the front; the cutting edge of the bit is formed by sharpening one of the faces of a parallelepiped, made at an angle of 30-35o; at least one of the faces of the bit at the ends of the blades rack mounted horizontally; the working body for cutting karastergiou soil layer and crafts of Kornetov made in the form of a rack with two blades, one of which has a NAC is part of the horizontal section of the rear edge and at the lower section of the front blade mounted bits for crafts of Kornetov; the wide face of the bit at the crafts of cornered on a horizontal shelf L-shaped blades mounted parallel to the side surface of the stand; the wide face of the bit for crafts of cornered on the inclined blade set at an angle of 3-5oto the horizon; the working body for cutting karastergiou soil layer and crafts of Kornetov made in the form of a rack with two blades, one of which is arranged in an L-shape with inclined to the direction of movement of the cutting edges on the vertical and horizontal sections, and the rear blade is installed in the target for L-shaped, has a height-stand L-shaped cutting edge, with the end sections of the blades are supplied by bits for crafts of Kornetov; the bit for crafts of cornered made in the form of a removable rod that is installed in the blade holder; the blade holder is made in the form of a sleeve with a sloping cut on the front end; a one-sided bevels of the blade at the front working body in the mirror; the working body for cutting karastergiou reservoir and crafts of Kornetov made in the form of a rack formed by pairing two sides with one-sided slanted frontal areas, while the cutting blade is made inclined, as Zadov, each of which is designed as a removable circular knife mounted in the bearing Cup; removable circular knife mounted on the outer groove of the support Cup, made on the front end portion; the supporting body is made of radially directed grooves for dismantling removable annular knife; the inner cavity of the support body is made in two different truncated cones connected by their small bases; a removable annular blade knife is supplied with a one-sided sharpening on the inner surface, the angle of sharpening unilateral removable blade circular knife is made equal to 15-18o; front conical section of the support body is made with an angle of inclination of the generatrix of its surface to the axis of the glass is equal to the angle of sharpening removable annular knife; supporting the glass provided with an annular shoulder and set them on the arc space formed by the sidewalls of the rack; one-sided slanted sidewalls have an angle of sharpening within 11-13o(RU, patent 2125787, CL 01 And D 91/02, 25/08. The way to increase productivity Solodkova thickets and device for its implementation //Kolganov A. C., Caldew A. M., Borodachev centuries , Konstantinova T., Declared 01.09.1997 published 10.02.1999).

The being is the closest analogue in of the device, is that made the gap cannot apply organic matter and the top layer of fertile soil. Depth made cracks insufficient (0,4-0,45 m) for the formation of a powerful multilevel root system of each plant extract.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is the preservation and reproduction of thickets licorice local ecoform on depleted soils, weeds plants competitors, niedobitek and arrays with complex terrain.

The effect and the technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention, expressed in increasing productivity thinned and diffuse growing thickets of licorice per unit area by reducing the human and material costs, energy and labor, the production of standard roots and tubers with a high content of glycyrrhizic acid, flavonoids and nitrogen-free extractives (NFE), the protection of soils from erosion, the creation of green zones around industrial enterprises with adverse environmental conditions.

The effect and the technical result when assedly thickets, includes mowing the aerial parts of wild plants in Solodkova Association, the cutting surface soil with root tails and Karabash licorice, while the crafts of Kornetov taking into account the terrain and the trimming of the vertical and horizontal roots in cracks, according to the invention crafts of Kornetov perform otryvnoi ditches rectangular profile with a width of 0.4-0.8 and a depth of 1.2 m and the rise of genetic horizons on the level of the surface, on the bottom of the open ditch stack top layer of soil along with the plant and root residues and seeds of weed plants of competitors that fill up the ditch previously raised and non-mixed layers of soil, form the shaft above the ditch by sealing the top layer of the soil.

The claimed method implemented by a device for loosening connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov, comprising a frame, bracket, automatic couplers, wheels and a working body for cutting corneotherapy layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov in the form of a rack with blades, which according to the invention is equipped with made in mirror additional main working body cut in layers to karunasena to the previous additional L-shaped blades, on the lower blade mounted compostelana lever, in addition it has the dumps, one of them mounted symmetrically in front and above the racks of the working bodies and the other two - on the sides away from the racks called working bodies, to the same side dumps are equipped with driven screw conveyors, as opposed placed the slices side dumps are placed in front of the rink to give the corresponding profile compacted layer of soil above the ditch.

Due to the fact that in thinned Solodkova associations are crafts of Kornetov in the form of ditches rectangular profile, filled in the lower part is shifted in the direction of the ditch fertile layer with seeds, vegetable and root residues of plant competitors, achieved the above technical result.

Achievement of the above result in the realization of the task is achieved by technical means, executable by the current level of agricultural engineering.

Spent an analysis of the level of technology for the extraction of licorice raw materials, creation of plantations culture licorice on degraded and wastelands, domestication of wild thickets s machines, including searching by the patent and scientific and technical information sources and identify sources that contain information about the equivalents of the claimed invention, has allowed to establish that applicants are not detected analogues characterized by signs, identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "novelty" by applicable law.

To verify compliance of the claimed invention to the requirement of "inventive step" applicants conducted an additional search of the known solutions in order to identify characteristics that match the distinctive features from the nearest similar features of the claimed invention, the results of which show that the claimed invention is not necessary for the expert in the obvious way from the prior art because the prior art, certain applicants not identified impact provided the essential features of the claimed invention transformations to achieve a technical result.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" by applicable law.

AMI And, In, With and diffuse distribution of roots and rhizomes of licorice steppe ecotype.

In Fig.2 - the same, after milling the top layer of the soil with root residues related plants, their seeds, vegetative shoots licorice, mortmass and part of Karabash licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) local ecoform.

In Fig. 3 is a view As in Fig.2, the process of opening band for subsequent crafts deep ditches for laying the upper fertile layer of residues on the bottom part of the trench rectangular profile cross-section(0,4-0,8)((0,8-1,2)2.

In Fig.4 - section b-B in Fig.3, the process of raising historically genetic horizons for crafts ditches as Kornetov in the organization of plant Solodkova communities.

In Fig.5 presents a flow ground to the top of agronomically valuable soil fractions layers and their stacking in space ditches as store digestible licorice roots of nutrients.

In Fig.6 - section b-b In Fig.5, the position of the genetic horizons in the ditch after laying the top layer on its bottom.

In Fig.7 is the same, after crafts shaft above the ditch as Kornetov.

N the view in the plan.

In Fig.9 is the same, rear view.

In Fig. 10 shows the main working body for cutting into layers karastergiou soil layer and crafts of Kornetov in the axonometric image.

In Fig. 11 is a perspective view presents additional working body with compostable lever on the lower horizontal blade.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the inventive method and means are as follows.

For quality and reliable execution of subsequent technological operations with a high level of mechanization aboveground shoots 1 licorice and related plants is harvested, crushed and spread in an even layer on the surface of the rotary mower CYRUS-1,5 B. the Height of cut is kept on the level 8-15 see Mower CYRUS-1,5 B agregation on one of the wheeled tractors class thrust of 1.4. Later in the work shall be combined milling cultivator CPK-2.0 V unit with the tractor MTZ-80/82 (MTZ-100/102). The top layer 2 is milled soil cutter to a depth of 5-6 see When you perform this operation, crop stubble, vegetable and root residues licorice and cereals in the Association. Weed seeds, crushed vegetative residues and mortmain and Karabash licorice. Then proceed to the crafts of Kornetov. To do this, part 3 of the upper layer 2 is shifted to the side (see Fig.3). This exposes the upper fertile layer 4. After that, simultaneously with the creation of Kornetov given slope and terrain make the trimming part in diffuse scattered communities licorice vertical roots and horizontal rhizomes Solodkova groups in vertical cracks. To increase the amount mentioned slots they are in the form of trenches 5. Crafts of Kornetov perform during forward movement of the tractor unit. The passage of each trench 5 perform a preferably rectangular profile with a width of 0.4-0.8 m depth for ostrozatochennogo climate of the South of the Russian Federation. The passage of the ditch 5 provide smooth lifting genetic soil horizons a, b, C and ground level of the surface without mixing. The parameters of the trench 5 is chosen from the condition of full occupancy of the upper layer 2 in its lower part. Next on the bottom of the trench 5 from the surface of the processed portion of the upper layer 2 with the previously shifted to the side part 3, including crop residues, mortmass, stubble licorice and grasses, apical remains of licorice roots, seeds grade vegetation offset the upper fertile layer of soil auger conveyors 6 and 7, placed in front of piles 8 and 9, forcibly transported to the bottom of the trench 5. Further soil horizons a, b and C are placed on the fertile layer 2 together with the buried plant and root residues and seeds of weeds competitors. Open ditch 5 fall asleep raised and unbiased by layers of soil horizons and soil a, b, C. On the trench 5 is formed shaft 10 by sealing the top layer of the soil.

When performing this operation in late autumn period of precipitation from the surface of the upper fertile layer 4 due to local gradients or slopes of the terrain shifted in the direction of the shaft 10. The shafts 10 precipitation are held. Due to the pores and voids in the soft horizons a, b and C precipitation rush in the direction of the bottom of the trench 5, filling in the end, the whole cavity of the ditch. Thus in the gutter 5 accumulate almost all of the precipitation that fell during the autumn-winter period. Thus for plants licorice are all the conditions for active life: in the upper layer are removed or suppressed plants competitors, and in the lower horizons of the soil are the seams with rich, fertile layer with sufficient nutrients in digested form and what is the change in the architectonics of the roots and rhizomes of licorice. As a rule, rhizomes of licorice grow rich deep houseruling (up to 0.6-0.8 m) soils and mainly localized in the layer 0-0,6 m without a clear differentiation by genetic horizons a, b, C. the second tier horizontal roots even expressed. Deep branching vertical rod roots begins in the horizon and reaches the zone of capillary wetting of soils groundwater.

On immature soils with low humus horizon (up to 0.15 m), which are characteristic of the southern part of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, rhizomes of licorice are placed in the layer 0-0,3 m, While 60% of them (the first tier) are located in the layer 0-0,25 m Second tier horizontal roots(rhizomes) can be seen in the layer of 0.35-0.4 m, which is the lower limit of alluvia. In these habitats the total mass of roots in the layer 0-0,25 m is 1.5-1.8 times greater than in areas with powerful humus soils. This phenomenon should be considered as the effect of the ordered distribution of roots depending on the fertility level of the soil.

It should be noted another characteristic feature of licorice - the ability of roots to round hamper growth or traumatic things (the phenomenon of thigmotropism IEA manifestation of depascale - alignment ugly change the shape of the roots (loops, spirals, bends at a sharp angle, and others). This is achieved when growing plants is the formation of roots and rhizomes of licorice given shape and orientation. The root system of licorice has estacional ability as cut pieces in layers a, b and C, and merkenavnet space. Dismembered and left in the ground rhizomes (after crafts trenches 5 and the filling layer 2, the destruction of the apical parts of licorice and basal parts of plants in Association with a significant number of reserve substances in the spring when soil moisture is not less than 65-75% HB begin to grow. Formed from dormant buds, covered with scales shoots make their way to the surface. Sunlight flakes turn into stipules, followed by the unfolding of complex leaves. From the axils of the leaves grow new stem shoots.

The next step is the formation of the basal parts of young plants and the formation of a new root system in the form of rhizomes and adventitious roots. Thus in the gutter 5 there is a new mother plant.

These features are unique plants give the idea that the root system solodki the m productive longevity. Later licorice inhabits the space between adjacent trenches 5. When projective cover more than 70% Solodkova thickets of plants competitors take no more than 8-10% of the surface array of the proposed technology.

Thus, the reservation of licorice in the form of strips of 0.4-0.8 m promote intensive development of ground shoots and increase productivity thickets licorice with 0.5-1.0 t/ha to 10-12 t/ha conforming roots in 4-5 years plant life instead of 10-15 years on the control.

Device for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov (see Fig.8 and 9) includes a frame 11, a bracket automatic couplers or brackets 12, 13 and 14 for connection by means of the finger rods mounted system mounted to the tractor, the wheels 15 and 16 and the working body 17 for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov in the form of rack 18 with the blades 19, 20 and 21 (see Fig.8-10).

The device has performed in mirror core desktop'm 17 additional working body 22 (see Fig.8-11) for cutting soil layers and crafts of Kornetov in the form of a rack 23 with the deck installed and shifted backward relative to the previous toolstoolstoo has piles 28, 8 and 9 (see Fig.8 and 9). The blade 28 is equipped with left and right shares 29 and 30. The blade 28 is placed symmetrically in front and above the racks 18 and 23 of the working bodies 17 and 22. Two other blade 8 and 9 are fastened to the frame 1 on the sides away from the racks 18 and 23 named working bodies 17 and 22. Side dumps 8 and 9 provided with a driven screw conveyors 6 and 7. The drive of the conveyors 6 and 7 provide high torque hydraulic motors 31. Subarus posted by sections 32 and 33 of the side dump 8 and 9 placed in front of the rink 34 to provide the corresponding profile of the sealing layer. soil above the gutter 5.

The device operates as follows.

When moving on the surface of the previously prepared area tractor unit, comprising a crawler tractor of class 4(3) and the described device, ploughshares 29 and 30 of the blade 28 is exposed fertile layer 4 at a depth of 6-8 cm from the surface to the soil and crafts ditches 5. Next come into work opposite bunk and installed a pair of blades 19 and 24, 20 and 25, 21 and 26, which are layered cut genetic horizons a, b, C. the Cut layers of soil and soil rise to the level of the surface of the fertile layer 4 compostelana lever 27. the layer 2 screw conveyors 6 and 7 and side dumps 8 and 9 is forcibly fed into the space of the trench 5. From the surface of the lever 27 layers smoothly without stirring going on layer 2 soil along with the plant and root residues. Placed in sections 32 and 33 rink 34 gives the layers a, b, C the desired shape of the shaft 10.

The described process products Kornetov corresponds to the claimed method of increasing the productivity of wild Solodkova thickets.

Thus, the above data confirm that the implementation of the use of the claimed invention the following cumulative conditions:
method and means embodying the claimed invention in its implementation, are intended for use in agriculture and agricultural engineering;
for the claimed invention in the form as it is described in the independent clauses the following claims, confirmed the possibility of its implementation using the above described in the application or known before the priority date tools and techniques;
the tool embodying the claimed invention in its implementation, is able to achieve the envisaged applicants technical result.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "promising thickets, includes mowing the aerial parts of wild plants in Solodkova Association, the cutting surface soil with root tails and Karabash licorice, simultaneous creation of Kornetov taking into account the terrain and the trimming of the vertical and horizontal roots in cracks, characterized in that the crafts of Kornetov perform otryvnoi ditches preferably rectangular profile with a width of 0.4-0.8 m and a depth of 1.2 m and the rise of genetic soil horizons and soil at the level of the surface, on the bottom of the open ditch stack top fertile layer of soil along with the plant and root residues and seeds of weed plants of competitors, open ditch fall asleep raised and non-mixed layers of soil, over the ditch to form the shaft by sealing the top layer of the soil.

2. Device for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov containing frame, bracket, automatic couplers, wheels and a working body for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov in the form of a rack with blades, characterized in that it has made in mirror additional main working body on the tion to the previous additional L-shaped blades, on the lower blade mounted compostelana lever, in addition it has the dumps, one with the left and right shares placed symmetrically in front and above the racks of the working bodies and the other two blade - on the sides away from the racks called working bodies, to the same side dumps are equipped with driven screw conveyors, as opposed placed the slices side dumps are placed in front of the rink to give the corresponding profile of the sealing layer of soil above the ditch.

 

 

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