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The method of extraction of rhizomes soboliferous weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice, and the machine for its implementation
The method of extraction of rhizomes soboliferous weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice, and the machine for its implementation
IPC classes for russian patent The method of extraction of rhizomes soboliferous weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice, and the machine for its implementation (RU 2160524):
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(57) Abstract:

The method includes a preliminary plowing rhizome layer and separation of the soil with the extraction of rhizomes. Preliminary plowing rhizome layer produce a profound without turnover and deformation of the cutting layer preferably plescripshon U-shaped body work. The separation of the soil with the release of the rhizomes and roots is carried out at the second passage on the previous track by raising clipped layer U-shaped working body with inclined lifts and periodic bumps raised seam from the bottom up by the teeth of the rotating rotor and piling the roots and rhizomes of licorice on the surface of the processed strip, and soil aggregates in the original position. The machine includes a frame, a plow, a separator and rotor. Ploughshare made U-shaped, and the separator is U-shaped with inclined lifts and is located behind the ploughshare, and provided with a drive rotor has teeth with fringing. Reduced energy consumption of the process, improves the performance of machines and quality raw material. 2 s and 72 C.p. f-crystals, 74 ill.

The invention relates to agriculture and the agricultural industry, in particular to methods for extracting roots and cornevin and for some special industries, as well as to methods of increasing the productivity of natural licorice thickets and cleanup of abandoned agricultural land and were taken out of crop rotation fields, overgrown with roots of perennial weeds, including and licorice.

A known method of harvesting the roots of plants, mainly licorice containing cutting the upper part of the roots, podkapyvanii and retrieval of conditioned their fractions of land, in which, to prevent wind erosion and drying out of soil, trimming the upper part of the roots is carried out by removing the surface layer of the earth that move without wrapping on the removed part of the field (SU authorship, N 904563. IPC3A 01 D 91.02. The method of harvesting the roots of plants // J. S. Bondarenko and I. P. Mychko, Declared 20.08.1980. Published 15.02.1982).

The described method of harvesting the roots of licorice (liquorice) provides for the execution of works on removing the root mass in two stages. The first phase involves the cutting and displacement of the upper soil layer with substandard faction in the lateral direction. The second, final phase aimed at podkapyvanii karastergiou layer, separating the soil from the roots and rhizomes of licorice extract on day poverhnostah machine 1.1 m top layer of roots together with Karabash please move this distance in the side, what is problematic due to the lack of technical means. Separating the working body does not separate the soil from the roots. Especially the low efficiency of the separating body in the extraction of roots is evident in the dry periods of the calendar year. For the Lower Volga region this period lasts from June to November of each harvest season.

There is also known a method of harvesting the roots of plants, mainly liquorice, including mowing aboveground parts of the plant, cutting the surface layer with root tails and Karabash, move it to a removed area of the field, podkapyvanii and removing the roots from the soil, in which, to improve the completeness of harvesting the roots and improve the reproducibility of licorice, before moving topsoil, removed part of the field to open the furrow with soil roll, then in the furrow laid topsoil, compacted it and cover with a layer of soil, destroying soil swath; for better seal the surface layer of soil before moving cut into pieces (SU authorship, N 1184470. IPC4A 01 D 91/02. The method of harvesting the roots of plants // J. S. Bondarenko and C. A. Detlev. Declared 26.04.1984. Published 15.10.1985).

A known machine for digging seedlings from the soil, including wicomoco the bracket and installed it on drive sprocket conveying device, in which, with the goal of providing lateral undercutting of the reservoir and avoid pulling seedlings handling device, on both sides of the last set screws with wound with a variable pitch, increasing in the direction of movement of the soil layer and protruding above the conveyor device; for a more intensive crushed and cut the soil bed, drive sprocket transporting device installed on their axes eccentric (SU authorship, N 417111. IPC A 01 C 11/00. Machine for digging seedlings from soil/H.In. Bradu and P. A. Lukashevich. Declared 22.12.1972. Op is well, equal to the radius of the screw. The rest of the mass is again placed on the uncovered roots in the original position.

Also known wikopedia machine that contains a frame, intake bracket with plowshare, extension cable, loosening the elements mounted on the drive shaft and the wheels, which, with the aim of improving the quality of digging plants and improve performance in their sample of soil, the extension is made in the form of plates with Windows, while the shaft from loosening elements are located under the Windows of the plate and loosening each element is designed in the form of a knife, which is mounted on the shaft from passing through the window plate; the plate has a surface, gently curving and turning into the rear part of the inclined plane; each window plate has a diamond shape, and each knife - triangular (SU authorship, N 1210696. IPC4A 01 C 11/00. Wikopedia machine // C. C. Anderson, and G. B. Klimov. Declared 29.04.1984. Published 15.02.1986).

This machine is able to deform the relatively thin layer of soil that is not acceptable for a machine provided for the extract of licorice roots with clipped layer thickness of 0.6 - 0.7 m

Our attention to the problem at design attracts the surrounding knife and the separator, made in the form of pullers with reference heels, in which, to improve quality and performance, it is equipped with a crankshaft, and the ejectors mounted pivotally on the connecting rod and the neck, and between spurs knife and a separator equipped with safety valves (SU authorship, N 1161006. IPC6A 01 C 23/06. Vigesimal stones, plant roots and woody debris //K. D. Sinitsyn, V. M. kolpashchikov, A. C. Nazarov, S. D. he and others Claimed 09.06.1983. Published 15.06.1985).

The disadvantages of vytesyvali include low efficiency of extraction of licorice roots. This is due to low amplitude and low frequency of the crankshaft.

The closest method and device of the same purpose to the declared object on the totality of symptoms is the way of extraction of rhizomes soboliferous weeds and machine to retrieve them. Consider the method of extraction of rhizomes soboliferous weeds includes a preliminary plowing rhizomatic field, the separation of the soil with the release of rhizomes and transportation rhizomes in the hopper, in which the selection of the rhizomes is carried out by combined exposure to forces of impact, shear and vibrocalibrator, a separator with a rotor, hopper, in which, to improve the efficiency in operation, the rotor is constructed and provided with a spring-loaded hammers and controltime with comb runners, and controluce mounted on the rotor by means of the axial rod, and the separator is installed with the possibility of a plane-parallel motion; runners enshrined in controlado at a different length, the latter decreases in the direction from the longitudinal axis of the machine; the runners are made of elastic material; a rotor mounted on the frame with the possibility to adjust its position in the vertical and horizontal planes (RU, patent, N 2017372. IPC5A 01 D 25/02, 91/02. The method of extraction of rhizomes soboliferous weeds and machine to retrieve the //M R. Altynbaev, A. A. Abdominal, J. S. Sadykov, T. S. Seitpenbetov. Declared 25.02.1991. Published 15.08.1994).

The obstacles to achieve the desired technical result when using the known method and device adopted for the nearest analogues in terms of the method and machine are not wide enough functionality and low quality produced (extracted) roots.

The invention consists in the following.

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The effect and the technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention, are expressed in lower energy process, performance cornucopiae machines and quality raw material.

These effects and the technical result in the implementation of the invention are achieved by the fact that in the known method of extraction of rhizomes soboliferous weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice, including preliminary plowing rhizomatic field and separation of the soil with the release of rhizomes, preliminary plowing karastergiou produce a deep layer without turnover and strain relieving layer preferably plescripshon U-shaped working body, and separation of the soil with the release of the rhizomes and roots is carried out at the second passage on the previous track by raising clipped layer U-shaped working body with inclined lifts and periodic bumps raised seam from the bottom up by the teeth of the rotating rotor and piling the roots and rhizomes of licorice on the surface of the processed strip, and soil aggregates in the original position.

For the implementation of this method provided a machine in which, in contrast to the share made in the form of U-shaped spurs of the working body, the separator presents U-shaped working body with inclined lifts, and provided with a drive rotor has teeth with bandages on the working faces.

The frame is formed from two cross tubes, interconnected by side walls, the tube is made with tightly closed ends, the inner cavity of the pipe filled with ballast liquid, and each sidewall presented in the form of covering the pipe wall and, optionally interconnected cylindrical ridges, while the top tube has a pair of lugs for attachment to the tractor, and the lower pipe is provided with two pairs of eyelets for attachment to a tractor and brackets for mounting the supporting wheels and a plow blade; a pair of lugs on the bottom of the tube aligned with the walls of the sidewalls; brackets for mounting the supporting wheels and a working body made of one piece; the lower pipe has a large diameter and length, each pipe is provided with filler plug with dipstick and drain plug; as ballast liquid applied water with corrosion inhibitors; as ballast fluid applied bischofite.

Each eye frame made W-shaped, parallel cheeks which made different-sized aligned holes ustanovleniem finger of larger diameter are hollow and connected with the end of a finger of a smaller diameter, at the end of a finger of a smaller diameter threaded hole in which is mounted a pin coupled to the second threaded end of the fitting nut on the outer end of the hollow finger; the outer ends of the fingers provided with pairs of diametrically oriented-shaped handles, curved hook-shaped ends are inclined to the axes of the fingers offset from the cheeks eyes; placed in the base points of the frame lugs sample completed W-shaped with installed with possibility of mounting, fixing and dismantling of different-sized mutually mating hollow fingers.

Lugs formed parallel to the defined cheeks, which are placed coaxially different size bushings for installation of hollow fingers; each mating pair of fingers provided with a lock reciprocal provisions made in the form of a pair placed in the inner cavity of the finger large diameter diametrically oriented pins and U-shaped bioetoh grooves on the outer surface of the ends of the finger of a smaller diameter; the pins are provided with a means of mounting, fixing and dismantling of different-sized mutually mating end sections of the hollow fingers, one of which covers the other, made in the form Kompleksnye screw holes, ball layer and a ball joint with a diametrically oriented tap wrenches.

Ploughshare in the form of a U-shaped spurs of the working body has a horizontal knife and associated arcuate sections inclined to the direction of movement of the knife to the side walls of the working body, the latter is connected to frame the opportunity reinstall fixed; front-oriented face of the knife, curved sections and the side walls have a one-sided hardened blades with a sharpening angles not exceeding 20o; radius fillets each arcuate section is made not less than 150 mm; each side wall and the curved section is made of one piece.

Ploughshare is formed by a pair of spaced apart by the width of the machine and vertically mounted in longitudinal vertical planes of the side walls, inclined to the direction of movement; a plow installed ahead of the separator, and its side wall is offset outward from its rack on the inner sides of the side walls at their lower parts with the possibility of dismantling mounted deformers soil; each deformer soil is made in the form of a truncated incorrect pyramid, the greater base of which is connected with the base surface b face of the pyramid facing the cutting edge of the sloping blade wall; deformer soils are hollow; on the truncated pyramid is made a recess for the accommodation of the fastening element, the fastening element is placed in the holes of the side wall and deepening deformator soil; the edges of the base of the pyramid is placed in a closed groove side wall; the blade is performed on the surface of the side wall opposite the placement of the deformator soil.

U-shaped separator is designed with a horizontal blade and provided with a rejected up and back lifts reservoir and roots, the side walls of the working body connected to the frame with the possibility of fixed reinstall; the side walls of the separator is attached to the chassis through the axis and three remote from the axis of the fastening elements, one of which remains in the area when you reinstall the working body in the transport position; between pairs of fasteners installed shear pin.

The rotor is constructed in the form of a cylindrical drum with fixed blades on its outer surface and mounted on the end parts of the drum by a disk coaxially mounted a pair of slotted bushings, and the outline of the latter is combined with the end sections of the drum; mounted on the outside on top of the while peripheral edges of the blades of each package is located away from the axis of the drum by coordinates of a catenary, by the equation
y = ach(x/a)
where y is the coordinate along the ordinate axis;
a - parameter of the catenary;
x - coordinate on the x-axis,
the parameter a chain line equal to the radius of the blade with minimal destruction of its peripheral point from the longitudinal axis; each blade has a stepped front face; the number of stages on the blades varies from 2 to 7; the angle of the mortar between the shelves of speed increases in the direction from the peripheral edges of the blades from /2 to 3/4.
Placed on a cylindrical drum blades gearbox made in the form of interconnected and on the outer surface of the drum three flat teeth that are installed perpendicular to the axis of the drum, the workers and the back forming fangs are conjugate by logarithmic spirals with a smooth transition spirals on the top of the teeth, the length of the spiral on the working part of the canine more and spirals and their transitions framed cylindrical band, the span of the blades increases from the ends of the drum to its middle so that describing the blades form a circle hoops surround Bochorishvili; cylindrical brace made in the form of rigidly bonded to each tooth and the curved profile of the spirals and their transition is of rugnetta in the middle of the drum and at its edges is (1,5 1,3...): 1; placed on the outer surface of the cylindrical drum fangs provided by the bands of elastic material; a brace provided with option to install and dismantle and is made in the form of a segment of tubeless tires; tire on the front face of the tooth is fixed by fastening means; means mounting brace presented in the form of lugs, bolts and threaded holes, the latter performed by alternately left and right bent in the lateral direction shelves Fang covered seats tire with the hole in them the size of the mentioned bolts, and stops in the form of pins associated with a seat brace and mounted in a through hole on a side face of the tooth equidistant its front face; a shelf on the front face formed radially directed cuts to technological holes and multidirectional alternate limb side face of the tooth between adjacent slices; technological holes are made between the front face of the tooth and holes stops.

The rotor is mounted on the end of the H-shaped rod connected to the frame by the possibility of translation into the transport position, the drive rotor is constructed with bilateral pre-this rod is additionally fastened to the frame by means of the thrust of variable length; the hinge rotational drive from the tractor is located on the axis of rotation of the H-shaped bars; N-shaped rod formed by pairs of mutually spaced and opposed set of bent-shaped profiles, and each pair of profiles is additionally connected pairs of plates that are installed with equal increments along the length of the bars rods; the rods H-shaped rod are mutually cross overlap and intersections reinforced corner profiles, installed in pairs between pairs of bent-shaped profiles; on the middle cross-beam H-shaped rod placed bracket for installation of gear drive rotor; a bracket for installation of gear drive rotor; bracket for installation of gear drive rotor has a U-shaped form, on its vertical shelf which is mounted to the mounting pins, and side shelves made square holes, covering the perimeter of the transverse beam.

The drive rotor is placed on the H-shaped bar and is equipped with a telescopic cardan transmission shaft connected through siloperedayuschey couplings with a gearbox having at least two outputs; the outputs of a reduction gear set bevel gear, the continuation of which are what this gear is made with the ability to change torque and speed outputs, and gear shafts are installed with pre-loading by twisting; in the established housing of the gearbox input shaft is equipped with a movable block of three cylindrical gears with the possibility of cross-interaction between the two gears on the intermediate shaft, the input shaft freely installed and on the intermediate shaft fixedly mounted bevel gear which engages with a similar six-fold on the output shaft, bevel gear on the input shaft embedded cylindrical gear with internal toothing interoperable with third gear of the gear train; the movable block of the three gears is equipped with mechanisms for displacement along the input shaft and fixing the position of the gears, when the control knob of the shift mechanism located on the front vertical wall of the housing.

On the output shaft with two opposite output shafts and installed perpendicular to the input shaft, opposite mounted through a spacer washer pair of bevel gears being in constant mesh with similar bevel gears mounted on the outer sections of the WMO is installed with the alternate engagement with two gears on the intermediate shaft and a built-in cylindrical gear with internal toothing in the conical gear on the cantilever part of the input shaft; the hub of bevel gear carried by the input shaft via a radial bearing, and the outer side of the hub with built-in gear mounted in the housing at two opposite spaced conical bearings; glasses bearing the input, intermediate and output shafts mounted in the housing with the possibility of removal.

The outputs of the gearbox, the inputs and outputs of bevel gear and axle transmission shaft in a closed transmission drive rotor connected siloperedayuschey coupling and the mechanism of force loading, while the latter is installed between one of the output gear and the input bevel gear.

Siloperedayuschey coupler represented by two flanged hub, the center of the grooves napagod at the ends of the coupling, which are mounted on the shafts with a gap between their ends, the gap is placed a disk with a Central hole, covering the ball, and with the holes on the periphery, in which planted fingers, missed in the U-shaped grooves made on the flanges of the coupling, thus forming grooves have a convexity; the retaining device in the form of pins on each coupling half, with half of the cross section of the pins passes through polocrosse for forming grooves made on the toroidal surface.

The mechanism of force loading of the transmission drive shaft of the rotor is made as mounted on the trunnion shaft hub connected to each other by coupling halves, each of which is provided with two diverging in opposite directions levers, one of which is fixed perpendicular to the lever console, in which the threads on the set screw stop with a hemispherical tip that interacts with the lever the other half-coupling, the axis stops are located on opposite sides of the hub parallel to and opposite each other with the possibility of increasing the range of levers as screwing the stops, with a pair of coupling halves is provided with a protective casing; the protective cover is made of two C-shaped in cross section halves, overlapping along and resting on the levers in the center of half of the openings are provided, covering the hub and mount halves between them is made through rings mounted in the concavity and convexity halves; a hub fixed on the trunnion shaft by means of pins, half-section which passes through the semi-circular grooves on the pins.

The mechanism of force loading gear shafts within the trading console mounted perpendicular to the screw lugs, interacting with the ends of the levers of the other coupling half.

Driven bevel gear additional bevel gear connected with the splined sleeve of the cylindrical drum of the rotor by means of additional slotted ends of the shaft passing through the hollow gear shaft, with the drive gear has been removed from the splined sleeve of the cylindrical rotor, and an additional shaft is provided with a shank, protruding beyond the outer end of the hollow shaft.

Driven bevel gear additional bevel gear connected with the splined sleeve of the cylindrical drum of the rotor by means of additional splined shaft passing through the hollow gear shaft and provided with a finger fixed in the cavity on the outer end of the hollow shaft of the gearbox; lock provisions of the additional spline shaft in the cavity of the hollow shaft of the gearbox is represented by a flange with holes mounted on the outer end of the finger, while the flange is placed between the external and internal retaining rings in the ring grooves of the hollow shaft.

Place additional pair of bevel gear and cylindrical rotor sealed equipped with a possibility of displacement in the axial direction of the second disk, associated with the rod; the rod of variable length attached to the chassis through a link with oval hole; the axis of oval thrust link of variable length, the hollow axis of rotation H-shaped rod and the axis of the mounting mechanism for performing translation and bars housed in a transverse vertical plane between the two walls of one of the sidewalls of the frame.

Bevel gear, siloperedayuschey coupling, transmission shaft and an additional bevel gear drive rotor are placed in the cavities of the bars H-shaped rod; each of these nodes rotor drive, plowshares and separator equipped with individual or group removal.

Due to the fact that the extract of roots and rhizomes carried out in two stages, and the machine has successively installed in the processing chain plowshare, separator and rotor achieves the above technical result.

Spent an analysis of the level of technology (methods and techniques, including searching by the patent and scientific and technical information sources and identify sources that contain information about the equivalents of the claimed invention, has allowed to establish that the Applicants have not found counterparts (as in part of the way, takistani characteristics of the claimed invention. Proposed closest analogues for the method and the device allowed to identify a set of essential towards perceived by the Applicants technical result of the distinctive features in the claimed method and machine for implementing the method set forth in the claims.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "novelty" by applicable law.

To verify compliance of the claimed invention to the requirement of "inventive step" Applicants conducted an additional search of the known methods and technical solutions in order to identify characteristics that match the distinctive features from the nearest analogue of the claimed invention. The test results show that the claimed invention should not be for the specialist explicitly known level of technology and engineering, in particular, the claimed invention does not provide a known transformation.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" by applicable law.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In Fig. 1 shows an Assembly for deep cutting consodering the class thrust of 30 kN, type in the plan.

In Fig. 3 is a cross section cut karastergiou formation and long-term deposits in natural Bush licorice flood plain or steppe ecotype in the implementation of the first phase extraction licorice raw materials.

In Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of root-crops harvesting unit for extracting and cleaning the roots and rhizomes of licorice, type in the plan.

In Fig. 5 is a cross section of the treated layer is extracted on the surface of the strip roots and rhizomes of licorice and deposits in natural thickets of licorice at the completion of the second phase of cleaning.

In Fig. 6 depicts a machine to extract the roots and rhizomes of licorice, left side view (in the working position without tractor mounted).

In Fig. 7 - same view in the plan.

In Fig. 8 is the same, front view.

In Fig. 9 - machine for removing and cleaning the roots and rhizomes of licorice, side view with the raised rotor for extra frame when working on light malovjazkih soils.

In Fig. 10 - machine folded (without disassembly of the nodes) for long-distance transportation vehicles or on Gidroinvest attached to the tractor.

In Fig. 11 shows the frame of the machine, side view.

In Fig. 15 depicts a U-shaped spurs screed machine for cutting karastergiou layer with roots of licorice, front view.

In Fig. 16 - same view on the left.

In Fig. 17 - same view in the plan.

In Fig. 18 - a section b-B in Fig. 1, the connection of the left rack of the U-shaped spurs of the working body with the frame of the machine.

In Fig. 19 - additional frame of the machine for extraction and purification of the roots and rhizomes of licorice from cut karastergiou layer.

In Fig. 20 - same view in the plan.

In Fig. 21 - a section b-b In Fig. 20, the cross section of the longitudinal beams of the additional frame, formed of bent profiles and plates.

In Fig. 22 - section G-G in Fig.20, the node pair of brackets lanyard and rod of the power cylinder with a curved profile left additional longitudinal beams of the frame.

In Fig. 23 - section D-D in Fig. 20, the right sleeve swivel additional longitudinal beams of the frame with the frame of the machine to extract the roots and rhizomes of licorice.

In Fig. 24 - section EIG. 25 section f - F in Fig. 20, the junction of the left longitudinal beams and transverse beams additional frame.

In Fig. 26 - section C-C in Fig. 6, the cross section of parts of the left rack of the machine frame at the hinge mate extra frame, lanyard and base of the power cylinder mechanism of transfer of the additional frame in the working and transport position.

In Fig. 27 - section And in Fig. 6, the diametrical cross section of lanyard with connection brackets on the frames of the machine.

In Fig. 28 is a diagram of an extra frame of major components of the rotor drive.

In Fig. 29 shows the kinematic diagram of the drive rotor to extract and clean the roots and rhizomes of licorice from cut karastergiou layer.

In Fig. 30 shows a horizontal section of the gear drive rotor to extract clean the roots and rhizomes of licorice.

In Fig. 31 is a kinematic diagram of the gearbox when the position of the rolling block spur gears for direct transmission.

In Fig. 32 is the same, if you increase the rotor speed.

In Fig. 33 - the same, by reducing the rotor speed.

In Fig. 34 is a horizontal section of the gear drive rotor is, 35 section K - K of Fig. 29, diametrical cross-section of the power coupling connection of the ends of the shaft gear and the intermediate gear shaft.

In Fig. 36 is a view of L in Fig. 29, the power coupling Assembly, end view.

In Fig. 37 - section M-M in Fig. 29, the cross section of the mechanism of force loading drive shaft of the rotor.

In Fig. 38 - section H-H of Fig. 37, the diametrical cross section of the mechanism of force loading of the transmission drive shaft of the rotor.

In Fig. 39 is a cross section of Oh in Fig. 28, the cross section of the mechanism of force loading drive shaft of the rotor at the tangential arrangement of screws of loading.

In Fig. 40 - section l-l of Fig. 39, the diametrical cross section of the mechanism of force loading drive shaft of the rotor, a variant of constructive solutions.

In Fig. 41 - section l-l of Fig. 28, the diametrical cross section of the mechanism of force loading of the transmission drive shaft of the rotor, option.

In Fig. 42 - section o-O in Fig. 28, the cross section of the mechanism of force loading of the transmission drive shaft of the rotor, option.

In Fig. 43 - section R-R in Fig. 6, the cut angle of bevel gear and splined drive shaft, left axle of the rotor.

th shaft, left axle of the rotor.

In Fig. 45 presents the rotor barrel-shaped for extracting and cleaning the roots and rhizomes of licorice with the hard tyres on the edges of the teeth, look in the plan.

In Fig. 46 is the same, right view.

In Fig. 47 - section C-C in Fig. 46, the cross section of the brace on the edge of the canine.

In Fig. 48 - rotor with an elastic bandage on the working face of each tooth, look at the plan.

In Fig. 49 is the same, right view.

In Fig. 50 - section T-T in Fig. 49 cross section of elastic bandage on the working face of the tooth of the rotor.

In Fig. 51 - tooth rotor, right side view.

In Fig. 52 - section y-Y in Fig. 51, the left angled shelf with emphasis in the form of a pin for placing elastic bandage.

In Fig. 53 - section f-f in Fig. 51, the mutual position of the holes and a radial incision in the formation of the left angled shelves.

In Fig. 54 - section x-X in Fig. 51, the right-angled shelf for fastening the bandage of elastic material and the support pin.

In Fig. 55 - 1 in Fig. 51, the sequence of technological holes and radially oriented slices on the working faces of the teeth.

In Fig. 56 shows a rotor with teeth, the peripheral ends of which ustag. 1, a horizontal section of the left W-shaped bracket frame, coaxially different-sized fingers, studs, fittings and nuts-shaped handles.

In Fig. 59 is a view of H in Fig. 1, the left bracket hinge frame of the machine, type in the plan.

In Fig. 60 section C-C in Fig. 1, a horizontal section of the left bracket defined therein of different size fingers.

In Fig. 61 presents a set of fixtures for Assembly and dismantling of the hollow finger lugs of the brackets of the hinge frame.

In Fig. 62 shows a cross section C-C in Fig. 1, the extraction process of a finger of a smaller diameter of the left eye when the building-block approach with smaller tractors-class traction.

In Fig. 63 is the same, the mounting fingers when attaching the machine to a longitudinal pull hydromancy tractor class thrust of 30 kN.

In Fig. 64 is the same, the dismantling of the hollow finger large diameter when changing the class attached to the tractor, such as crawler tractors T-150 class 30 kN instead of wheeled tractor M class thrust of 50 kN.

In Fig. 65 is the same, the Assembly of the left thumb with a pull on the ring when mounting the machine on the tractor class thrust of 50 kN.

In Fig. 66 - type W in Fig. 59, the position of the knobs on the left side of the hollow finger large diam">

In Fig. 68 schematically shows a machine for the extraction of rhizomes soboliferous weeds in severe saline soils, type in the plan.

In Fig. 69 - the same, lateral view.

In Fig. 70 type Y in Fig. 68, placement deformator soils on the lower part of the cutting knife.

In Fig. 71 - section b-b in Fig. 69, section cutting knife, deformator soil, deepening it and a fastener placed through the holes in the knife and deformers.

In Fig. 72 - presents the claimed machine in crafts narrow slits for the assassination of the roots and rhizomes of licorice on marginal natural Bush steppe and Firth of origin, type in the plan.

In Fig. 73 is the same, front view.

In Fig. 74 - same view on the left.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention are as follows.

For each procurement area-specific species composition of native plants licorice. So in the Republic of Azerbaijan and in the lower reaches of the R. Volga Russian Federation, producing licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), in southern Siberia collect the Ural licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch). With regard to the North Caucasus, there prevails licorice and only in the some region, in the Volga and southern districts of the Volgograd and Saratov regions. Of special interest for preparation of licorice root has the Caspian lowland.

Within the Volgograd region, even in 50 years, according to Dr. of biological Sciences L. I. Kazakevich, thickets licorice allowed to collect licorice raw materials. Especially in large amounts, licorice prevalent in irrigated areas and autograph Tingatinga districts of the Volgograd region.

The structure of root systems of different species (ecotypes) licorice is a reflection of the conditions of the habitat, which comes from the development. All this diversity can be reduced to two types: type I - rhizome system riverine, or riparian habitats in the meadow, copiously irrigated with surface soils of similar level of groundwater, and type II - the root system of the steppe or semi-desert habitats, slightly moist from the surface, with far-advanced ground water table. In type I the root system of licorice has shortened rod roots, but highly developed network of horizontal shoots. The type II in the root system of licorice greater growth of the roots, because their plant path 5 meters or more). The root system of licorice for the most part belong to the first type root systems.

Mostly meadow and meadow-steppe plant, Glycyrrhiza glabra prefers temporarily moistened places with standing quite close by groundwater. Those are often the area immediately adjacent to riverbeds and floodplains, flooded during the spring floods.

The soil in the floodplain is also formed under the direct influence of the rivers. Young alluvial soil formed during the floods. Any soil floodplains are characterized by cleavage horizons and different mechanical structure that depends on the speed of the water flow, when rolled or sand, or sandy loam, or clay fraction. Floodplain soils can be salty, but the salt content is moderate, since the latter are washed away in the flood period.

The bulk of floodplain areas occupied by licorice, experiencing only a temporary excess moisture due to the spring-summer flood flood waters, which is the root system of licorice transfers satisfactorily. In the rest of the year the water regime in Solodkova thickets is relatively favorable. The fact that licorice Tran is nya groundwater, and on the other, is the cause of their mineralization.

Within the Volgograd region licorice is often found on alkaline or sandy soils of the steppes. In conditions of sharply continental climate regulating growth factor licorice is not only the degree of hydration, but also hard temperature. In the zone of dry steppes she prefers extra moisture (fresh or salt), often caused by the proximity of rivers and lakes, the continuously operating keys and wells, and habitats associated with highly placed groundwater or temporarily existing runoff of precipitation.

Licorice environmental nature - karagulova, i.e. quite salt-tolerant plants adapted to moisture reserves in the soil conditions below the average. Many individuals licorice basic amount of moisture is obtained from the lower soil horizons, where they penetrate their roots, and therefore in the summer in extreme conditions June depression, when steppe vegetation, as a rule, burn, vegetative stems licorice are highlighted in dark green their bushes and employed its arrays. Licorice can be considered as an indicator of groundwater. Thickets with telesym tinge on the leaves indicate the presence of saline water at a depth of 8 - 10 see Leaves her able to regulate the flow of solar energy. So, at noon on open habitats leaves are turned to the sun by an edge in the evening with the flat side of the sheet.

Licorice as a component of grasses of the steppes can be found in many groups. It is most common in grass group associations and several less - fescue and maltoporin-sedge. Licorice is a fairly common component kastratovic plains and meadows, but can form a large number of independent associations, combined with almost all the main components of the meadows. Uncommon and almost pure stands of licorice, true area of not more than 0.5 hectares Presence in the thickets of a large number of powerfully developed green stems indicates youth thickets. The lack of them from the parent root, and in General a small number per unit area shows maturity thickets and large supply of roots and rhizomes.

For mats that do not have commercial value, the necessary agro-technical measures to increase their productivity, and should be kept protected as possible sources of seed and planting material.

The structure of the underground organs of licorice, oncornavirus (globalcompany) and sarinelewis plants. The main structural elements of underground bodies of this type are the main (parent) root, adventitious roots, horizontal (pleiotropy) and vertical rhizomes. Called underground structural elements of the flora are formed in individuals already in regeneratively period, but in the flowering period most obvious signs associated not only with age, but also with the characteristics determined by the peculiarities of the conditions of the habitats of the plants. The shape of the main roots - short - or long-rod, much - or seldom branchy, as well as the depth of penetration into the soil as the main and the subordinate (secondary core) roots depend on groundwater levels and on the physical properties of the soil. In loose soil is formed uniformly beisty long rod of the parent root, reaching the basal part 0,02 0,03...(up to 0.055) m in diameter. Root abundantly branched only in moist soil layers (not less than 2 m depth) and, very likely, have not reached the level of groundwater. In conditions of high groundwater at the Ural licorice is formed parent root krotkoterminowej or short-rod globalpolicy form, i.e., profusely rasullulah and water regime is very severe, horizontal rhizomes can not be formed, and develop only a very short vertical rhizomes that extend to the surface of the soil above-ground shoots. Individuals licorice, with a lack of horizontal rhizomes, and there is only a mass of short vertical rhizomes, are formed in the periodic conditions of high humidity, and often also highly saline waters.

Under more favorable conditions plagiotropic rhizomes though developed, but the growth is restricted and the nature of underground organs korotkodnevnye. Under optimal growth conditions in a loose substrate and is constant but not excessive moisture, annual increments of horizontal rhizomes, as well as their number increases considerably. The whole system can be attributed to clinocerinae.

The concepts of short - and clinocerinae underground organs for licorice are used with a certain degree of conditionality, since the maximum gain of horizontal rhizomes in some habitats (floodplains) can be achieved year 1 - 2 m, and in the steppe communities of 0.05 - 0.5 m depending on the depth of penetration of roots into the substrate can be distinguished superficially prostrate rhizome system (s roots are in the soil up to 1 m depth).

The deep root system underground organs of Ural licorice particularly noteworthy feature are the rhizomes. In the South of the Russian Federation with a sufficiently loose substrate vertical horizontal rhizomes branching and form a multi-tiered complex network of fasteners holding surface meter thick. The maximum depth of the rhizomes of 1.4 m

Complex multi-network of vertical and horizontal rhizomes, due to annual deposition of silt, formed not only flooding and duration of flooding, but also the mode of mineral nutrition. The basal part of the root and the caudex in individuals licorice and licorice Ural growing in the floodplain, much deeper in connection with the annual deposition of silt. The depth of caudex causes elongation of the vertical rhizomes, which grow from it. The axillary buds located at the top of thickened parts of the vertical rhizomes, are formed not only above-ground assimilation shoots and young vertical rhizomes, but also the top tiers of horizontal rhizomes.

Specimens of Ural licorice seed origin middle generative state, for example, n is rencause to groundwater at a depth of 2.5 to 3,5 m In the basal parts of the roots reached up to 0.055 m in diameter. They differed significantly in the extent of diversification (scale system, the total length and degree of branching) and the nature of the location plagiotropic rhizomes. On borovykh Sands building underground organs kurochkoryabskogo type, the total length of rhizomes less than 5 m deep and srednechirchik saline groundwater bodies can be attributed to the type conventionally donacarney. Their total length is 15 - 20 m Rhizomes were mainly in the humus horizon, and in two or more tiers: srednesrochno the saltwort - in nastavata the horizon, and globorotalia - only nastavata. On the cortical salt licks, where columnar horizon comes close to the soil surface, plagiotropic rhizomes were placed in madhumasam the horizon. All of the root system has become open surface structure. The total length of rhizomes in this case was 5 to 8 feet In some cases above the main tier horizontal rhizomes, which grow from caudex is another 2 - 3 tiers.

Underground organs of licorice and licorice Ural in the Lower Volga region are universal. Depending on soil Optronique, and in some cases as deep-stacked. Within a single thalweg depending on the depth of the columnar horizon from one individual licorice possibly different structure underground organs.

A brief analysis of the structure of root systems of licorice and licorice Ural growing in natural conditions in the southern zone of the Russian Federation, allows us to formulate the main thrust of the technology:
1) extraction of the root mass licorice as a source of raw materials for the chemical, tobacco, food, canning, pharmaceutical industry;
2) increasing the productivity of natural thickets licorice under industrial procurement and quality Queen cells for reproduction ecotype in new habitats when establishing plantations licorice;
3) destruction of licorice on the primary crop rotation fields as malicious globalmarketing perennial weed.

Consider the claimed method on the example of complete removal of roots and rhizomes of licorice as malicious sustained long soboliferous weed, i.e., for example, the complete removal of roots and rhizomes of the treated layer by laying them on the surface is more in the spreading rotary mowers family SCC-2,1 in Assembly with a tractor MTZ-80 class draught of 14 kN. Dried stems of the licorice combined with other plants in assortments for this area collect a rake - vancouverites in rolls. Dried hay from rolls or pick up and pressed into round bales, or gather into shocks. The last stack on the sublime, nastavlyaemyj places in the stacks and covered with straw as insulation layer. From the time of harvest above-ground shoots and stacking hay, is two to three weeks. During this period, from stubble parts of shoots licorice appears aftermath. The aftermath of the stems licorice and basal parts of the roots of companion plants together with Karabash is non-tradable and non-conforming parts extracted from the soil root mass, which as a medicinal and technical raw materials. Removal of non-commodity parts with the root mass licorice carried out by milling the top layer to a depth of 0.03 ... 0.05 m (3 . . . 5 cm). When milling the crushed stalks and stubble licorice, destroyed Karabash and lobe from the stems of perennial grasses in licorice-grass communities. Crushed stems, roots and soil aggregates with a diameter of from 3 to 15 mm create a mulch layer on the strip width up to 2 meters Mulch layer eliminates overheating corn is="ptx2">

For a full extract of the rhizomes and roots of licorice separately and sequentially perform two operations: a preliminary plowing rhizomatic field and separation of the soil with the release of the rhizomes. On pre-prepared strip in natural Bush licorice installed productivity, such as riparian ecotype, preliminary plowing karastergiou layer 1 (see Fig. 3) conduct deep without turnover and deformation of the cutting layer 2 preferably plescripshon U-shaped working body 3 (see Fig. 1 and 2). The separation of the soil with the release of the roots and rhizomes 4 is carried out at the second pass on the tracks of the previous pass by lifting clipped seam 2 U-shaped working body 5 with inclined lifts 6 and periodic bumps raised layer 2 bottom-up teeth 7 of the rotating rotor 8 and piling roots and rhizomes 4 licorice on the surface of the processed strip, and soil aggregates 9 - in the original position (see tab. 4 and 5). The described process operations are expected to be executed by the unit, including high horsepower tractor 10 and declared the car to retrieve mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice.

Machine for the diversified lugs of the hinge brackets 12, 13 and 14, castor wheels 15 and 16, the blade 17, the separator 18 and the rotor 8. Ploughshare 17 (see Fig. 1 and 2, 15 - 17) made in the form of U-shaped spurs of the working body. The separator 18 (see Fig. 4, 6 to 10) represented by U-shaped body 5 with inclined lifts 6, provided with a drive shaft 8 (see Fig. 4, 6 - 10, 28, 29, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 49, 50 - 57) has fangs 7 19 tyres at the working faces 20.

Frame 11 (see Fig. 1, 2, 4, 6 - 10, 11 - 14) made of two transverse tubes 21 and 22 (Fig. 11 - 14) interconnected by side walls 23 and 24. Pipes 21 and 22 are made with tightly closed ends 25 and 26 (Fig. 11 and 14). The internal cavity of the pipe filled with ballast liquid. Each tube 21 and 22 are provided with filler tube 27 with the probe 28 and the drain tube 29. The lower tube 22 has a large diameter and length than the upper tube 21. Each sidewall 23 and 24 made in the form of covering the pipes 21 and 22 of the two walls 30 and 31, is additionally connected between the crash cylindrical ridges 32. The upper pipe 21 equipped with a pair of lugs 12, forming a bracket mounting the machine on gidronasosa tractor 10. The lower tube 22 is provided with two pairs of lugs 13 and 14 for attachment to the tractor 10 and the brackets 33 and 34, respectively, for the installation and fastening of the gauge wheels 15 and 16, or plowshares 17, or separator 18.

As ballast liquid applied water with corrosion inhibitors. As ballast fluid can be applied bischofite. The density of the ballast fluid is equal to or greater than 1 t/m3. The above-described pair of lugs 13 and 14 allow to gang up frame 11 of the machine mainly with tractors of class thrust of 30 kN. To expand the scope of the machine will consider other types of brackets 13 and 14.

Each bracket 13 (14) of the frame 11 is made of W-shaped. In parallel cheeks 37, 38 and 39 of the bracket 13 (14) is made different-sized aligned holes with a diameter of 35 and 60 mm. In these holes
with the possibility of dismantling the establishment is. The finger 41 of larger diameter (60 mm) made hollow and the internal cavity is connected with the end of the finger 40 of smaller diameter (35 mm). At the end of the finger 40 of smaller diameter threaded hole 44 in which is mounted a stud 45. The pin 45 with the second threaded end 46 paired with shaped nut 47 mounted on the outside of the cheeks 39 of the bracket 13. The outer ends of the fingers 40 and 41 provided with pairs of diametrically mounted-shaped handles 48 and 49, the curved hook-shaped ends 50 and 51 which are inclined to the axes of the fingers 40 and 41 are offset from the cheeks 39 and 37 of the bracket 13 (14) (see Fig. 58).

The versatility is considering of the machine is achieved by the fact that the hinge brackets 12, 13 and 14 are placed in the base points of the frame 11 so that it was possible to gang up with tractors of class traction in hook range effort from 20 to 60 kN as wheeled and tracked modifications. In the brackets 13 and 14 of the W-shaped different-sized fingers hinge 52 and 53 are installed in the holes on the cheeks 39, 38 and 37 of the brackets 13 (14) with the possibility of mounting, fixing with long-term operation and dismantling with a minimum expenditure of time and labor is different and mutually mating end sections of the hollow fingers 52 and 53 (see Fig. 1, 59 - 66).

The fingers 52 and 53 are made in two sizes and is hollow (see Fig. 59 and 60, 62 - 65). Stocks cross-sectional area of each finger 52 (53) on the slice enough at five times the magnitude of dynamic loads to exclude them slice and thereby to provide a margin of safety. Manufacturing experience in the operation of machines of the specified kind of shows the correctness of the choice of the design parameters.

The finger 53 of larger diameter at one end has a lead-in portion 58 in the form of internal and external chamfers length of 8 mm, inclination 30the bones of symmetry of the annular grooves 59 arcuate portion of the handles 49 rejected at an angle of not less than 15o. This provides ease of maintenance when performing construction works and installation of the fingers 53 in the sleeve 55 and 56 of the cheeks 37 and 38. The inner hollow portion 60 of each finger 53 is equipped with a threaded part 61 at one end and a pair of diametrically oriented cylindrical pins 62 and 63 on the other end. The inner hollow portion 60 of the finger 53 is performed stepwise. This allows you to expand the range of execution of Assembly and dismantling.

The finger 52 of smaller diameter at one end also has a lead-in portion 64 in the form of a chamfer length of 6 mm, tilt angle 30oto the axis of the finger 52. At the other end of the finger 52 in the annular grooves 65 and 66 are placed elastic elements 67 of the latch 68 relative position of the fingers 52 and 53 and a pair of support handles 48. The arcuate portion of the handles 48 rejected at an angle of not less than 15ofrom the plane of symmetry of the annular groove 66. In the annular groove 65 of the inner elastic ring mounted elastic element 67, made in the form of a spring is equal to the resistance. In Fig. 59, 60, 62 and 65 of the elastic element 67 is depicted in a compressed, working position, and Fig. 63 - in the original, working condition. The inner hollow portion of the finger 52 is made stepwise from the side of the lead-in portion 64 has a threaded section 69 (see Fig. 6 is dstable a pair of diametrically directed pins 62 and 63, placed in the inner cavity of the finger large diameter lead-in portion 58 of the hollow finger 53 and a pair of bioetoh U-shaped grooves 70 and 71, is made on the outer surface of the hollow finger 52 of smaller diameter from its lead-in portion 64. Each groove 70 (71) has a lead-in portion 72, the working section 73 and a blocking section 74. The width of the work area 73 and the locking section 74 is larger than the diameter of the pin 62 (63). The lead-in portion 72 bionetwork groove 70 (71) has a widened section whose width is 1.5 to 1.7 times the diameter of the pin 62 (63) (see Fig. 67).

Means for assembling, fixing and dismantling of hollow fingers 52 and 53 in the sleeve 55, 56 and 57 of the cheeks 37 - 39 is represented as mounted on the threaded stud 45, ball layer 75, spacers 76, crank 77 ball support 78 with a diametrically oriented tap wrenches and accessories nuts 79, 80, 81 and 82 (see Fig. 61) on the threaded ends 83 and 84. Spacer sleeve 6 provided with a shaped nut 85. The fingers 52 with an outer diameter of 35 mm is placed lower links 42 and 43 with a spherical hinges 86 all systems of tractors 10 class traction 20 - 40 kN. The fingers 53 are mounted thrust 87 with a spherical hinges 88 system mounted tractors 10 class thrust 50 - 60 kN.

Sabrinasteen roots and rhizomes of licorice has a horizontal knife 89 and associated arcuate sections 90 and 91 inclined to the direction of movement of the knife 89 side walls 92 and 93. The side walls 92 and 93 are connected to the frame 11 with the possibility of fixed reinstallation. Front-oriented face of the knife 89, arcuate sections 90 and 91 and the side walls 92 and 93 have a one-sided hardened blades 94, 95, 96, 97 and 98 with the sharpening angles not exceeding 20o. The radius of fillets each arcuate section is made not less than 150 mm Each side wall and the arcuate section formed in one piece (see Fig. 16). The side walls 92 and 93 of the plow blade 17 is fixed to the brackets 33 and 34 of the frame 11 through the axis 99 and three remote on the axis 99 of the fixing elements 100 and 101. Axis 99 of the side walls 92 and 93 of the brackets 33 and 34 remain in the area when you reinstall the working body 3 in the transport position (see Fig. 10). Between the pairs of fixing elements 100 and 101 is installed shear pin 102 (see Fig. 18). In the holes of the side wall 93 (92) a plow blade 17 and the bracket 33 with tightness posted shear pin 102. Body shear pin 102 is equipped with a hub voltage 103 (see Fig. 18). Fastening elements 101 and 102 are placed in aligned holes 104 and 105 of the side walls 93 (92) and brackets 33 (32) freely and at the expense of torque in pairs, are pressed against the contact surfaces. Each axis 99 is made hollow. In the bracket 33, the axis 99 of the offset ogranichennoi axis 99 in the hole 109 of the bracket 33 and the hole 110 of the sidewall 93, it is fixed strap 111, placing it in the slot 108 and securing pairs of bolts 112 (MH) through spring washers 8 65G. This link shares 17 U-shaped spurs of the working body 3 with the brackets 33 and 34 of the frame 11 can withstand shock loads in a deep cutting mainland layer, rich in licorice roots, and provides translation tools working body 3 in the off position when the far transportation and installation.

Horizontal knife 89 and inclined to the direction of movement of the knife 89 side walls 92 and 93 are interconnected in a one-piece overall site welds laid on prepared chamfer 113 and 114. Welding plow blade 17 is produced in the conductor with exposure temperature regimes. The wear resistance of the blade 4 on the front U-shaped spurs of the working body 3 provide one of the known techniques, which have found application in mechanical engineering.

For the sustainable implementation of the technological process of extraction of roots in the thickets of licorice at low soil moisture and soil, i.e., dried arrays, the machine is equipped with plowshare 115 (see Fig. 68 - 71). Ploughshare 115 is formed by a pair of spaced apart by the width of the machine and vertically installed is made of ahead of the separator 5, and its side walls 116 and 117 is offset outward from its racks 92 and 93. On the inner sides 118 of the side walls 116, 117 on the lower parts are mounted with the possibility of dismantling the deformers 119 soil. Each deformer 119 soil is made in the form of a truncated incorrect pyramid, the greater base of which is connected with the base surface of the side wall 116 (117). At least one of the ribs 120 are oriented parallel to the lower edge 121 of the wall 116 (117). Side face 122 of the pyramid facing the cutting edge 123 of the sloping blade 124 wall 116 (117). Deformer 119 soil is made hollow. On the truncated face 125 of the pyramid is made a recess 126 for accommodating a fastener 127. The fastening element 127 is placed in the holes 128 and 129 of the side wall 116 (117) and deepening 126 deformator 119 soil. Ribs 120, 130, 131 and 132 of the base of the pyramid deformator 119 soil is placed in a closed groove 133 of the side wall 116 (117). The blade 124 is made on the outer surface of the side wall 116 (117), opposite the placement of the deformator 119 soil. Ploughshare 115 has a one-sided blade 124 with cutting edge 123. The cutting edges 123 of the left wall 116 and the right wall 117 is inclined at an angle of 120o5oto the direction of movement of the device. Deformers 119 pocovi, washer and nut M12. The bolt head is flush with the outer surface of the side walls 116 and 117 plowshares 115 (see Fig. 7).

In the car, configured for extraction of roots (see Fig. 4, 6 to 10), U-shaped separator 5 is made with a horizontal blade 134 and supplied rejected up and back lifts 6 of the reservoir and roots. The side walls 135 and 136 of the working body 3 is connected to the frame 11 with the possibility of fixed reinstallation (see Fig. 9 and 10). The side walls 135 and 136 of the separator 5 is provided with one-way blades with cutting edges 137. The angle of sharpening the blade 134 is not more than 25o. The upper part of the side walls of the separator 5 is fixed to the brackets 33 and 34 of the frame 11 through the axes 99 and remote from the axis of the mounting elements 100 and 101. One of the fasteners 99 remains in the area when you reinstall the working body 5 in the transport or the other. Between the pairs of fixing elements 100 and 101 of the mounting side walls 135 and 136 of the separator 5 has a shear pin 102 to the hub voltage 103. Horizontal blade 134 is made of sheet steel. The front part of the blade 134 is equipped with cutting edge 137. The thickness of the sheet walls 135 and 136 is not more than 20 mm. of the Most loaded and working part of the cutting edge 137 padline horizontal blade 134 is placed in increments of 200 ... 250 mm, the Angle of the top edge of the lift 6 to the horizon - not more than 35o.

To increase the productivity of natural thickets licorice by new korneobrazovateley, the machine is equipped with additional plowshare 138 (see Fig. 72 - 74). Ploughshare 138 contains two tilted to the horizon of the rack 139 and 140. Each rack 139 (140) has a mounting portion 141 and work area 142. The mounting part 141 has four holes for connection with the bracket 33 (34) of the frame 11 of the machine. One of the holes provided for placing the axis 99, the other two are for fastening elements 100 and 101, and the fourth for shear pin 102. The mounting part 141 and work area 142 of each plow blade 138 is made of one piece of flat sheet material thickness 14 ... 16. Material plowshares 138 - carbon steel 65G. Work area 142 is made curved, and the front struts 139 and 140 given the shape of the branches of the parabola, the vertex of which are aligned with the bottom end. The front part of the rack 139 (140) has a one-sided blade 143 with a sharpening angle of less than 15o. Blade 143 is exposed to the volumetric hardening at a width of 50 to 60 mm from the cutting edge 144. The hardness of the cutting edge 144 of no less than 60 - 65 HRC. Cutting edge 144 is inclined to the horizon at an angle of 60 - 65o. Rack 139 and 140 VII bent ends of the working areas racks 142 139 and 140 are installed either with maximum destruction, or opposed to each other (see Fig. 72 and 73).

In the technological chain of operations performed by the machine its rotating rotor 8 with the teeth 7 is installed for inclined lifts 6 (see Fig. 4, 6 to 10). The rotor 8 is made in the form of a cylindrical drum 145 is fixed on the outer surface of the teeth 7 (see Fig. 45, 46, 48, 49, 56, 57). On end parts of the drum 8 through thick disks coaxially mounted a pair of slotted sleeves 146 and 147. The slots 148 in the sleeve 146 and 147 are made square-sided splines with the following design parameters: D - 8 x 42h12 x 48h7 x 8e8. The outline of the sleeves 146 and 147 or combined with sections end sections of the drum 145, or acts beyond. Such constructive execution of the rotor 8 you without any extra effort and time to dismantle it and replace with another according to soil conditions and ecotype licorice.

Consider the construction of the four fundamentally different impact on karastergiou layer of the rotor 8. The shaft 8 (see Fig. 56 and 57) contains the above-mentioned cylindrical drum 145, axle spline sleeve 146 and 147 and the teeth 7. The teeth 7 are fixed on the surface of the cylindrical drum 145. Fangs of each size installed in packages 149, 150, 151, 152 and 153. PA is a state in packages 149 - 153 posted with distance from the axis x'-x of the drum 145 coordinates chain line described by the equation:
y = a ch(x/a), (1)
where y is the coordinate along the ordinate axis;
a - parameter of the catenary;
x - coordinate on the x-axis.

Option d chain line is equal to the radius of the tooth with minimal destruction of its peripheral point on the longitudinal axis x'-x. The setting and the chain line (1) in the particular case of equal magnitude Fang 7 149 package. Peripheral point 154 Fang 7 has a minimum radius R1circumcircle, i.e. equal to the segment 0 - 154-scale (a = R1). For reliable implementation process circumferential speed of the peripheral edges of the teeth 7 in the package 154 should be 8 to 10 times more than the translational speed of the machine, i.e.

V1: Vm= 8 ... 10, (2)
where V1- circumferential speed of the ribs 7 in the package 149 (see Fig. 56);
Vm- the forward speed of the machine.

When the translational speed of the car Vm= 2 m/s, the value of the peripheral speed should be in the range 16 ... 20 m/s At a frequency of rotation of the housing 145 of the drive rotor 8 4,5-1(270 rpm), the angular velocity of the rotation drive of the working body of 28.26 equal with-1. Hence, the minimum R is Anna circle for the teeth 7 in packets 150, 151, 152 and 153 will be, respectively: R2= 709 mm; R3= 770,6 mm; R4= 855 mm; R5= 955 mm

Each tooth 7 has a stepped front face. On the verge 158 executed step 159, 160, 161 and 162. The number of stages 159 - 162 on faces 158 of the teeth 7 in packages 149 - 153 varies from two to seven. The corner solutionibetween packages 149 - 153 and steps 159 - 162 increases from /2 to 3/4 (see Fig. 56 and 57). Step 159, 160, 161 and 162 are interconnected platforms 163, 164 and 165, are tangentially to circles, respectively, with radii1,2and3(see Fig. 57). The rear face 166 of the ribs 7 are flat and rejected from the radius.

When the extraction of the roots and rhizomes of licorice as raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry produced roots and rhizomes on its surface should not have mechanical damage cork and bast layers. Last eliminate the ingress of moisture and germs in the woody part. The bark and phloem exclude the course of chemical processes that reduce the quality of the raw materials (glitserinovoi acids and flavonoids). To solve this problem is proposed outer rotor 8 with the teeth 7 on the surface of its body drum 145 (see Fig. 45 - 47). Three flat Fang 7 installed pecuniarily seams with the surface of the drum 145. Working and forming the back of the teeth 7 is executed on a logarithmic spirals with a smooth transition spirals on the top of the teeth 7. The length of the spiral 167 on the working side of the ribs 7 is greater than the length of the spiral 168 on the rear side. Due to this, the teeth 7 "bent" toward the rear side in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation. Spiral 167 and 168, and the transitions 169 framed cylindrical rim 170 of the elastic material. The latter is in the form of a rigidly bonded to each tooth 7 and the curved profile of the coils 167 and 168, and their transition 169 pipe with a longitudinal slot for the passage cross-section of the ribs 7. The scope of the blades with the teeth 7 increases from the ends of the drum 145 to its middle so that the described teeth 7 of a circle form hoops surround barrel of education. The relative sizes of describing the blades of the three canines 7 circles in the middle (D1) drum by its edges (D2is
D1: D2= (1,3 ... 1,5) : 1. (3)
Basic data fangs 7: the thickness of the main section is 10 mm; the transverse size of the frame is black seam pipe section 1 1/4" wall thickness 3 - 5 mm Material: steel 3.

Achieving the above objectives is ensured by the fact that the surface is cooling industry in the manufacture of drugs. Production of roots and rhizomes of licorice for these purposes excludes any damage to the root mass. For the realization of this goal we have developed the rotor 8 with the vanes of elastic material (see Fig. 48 - 55).

The rotor 8 of the machine for extraction of licorice roots includes a housing 145, flanges 171, studs 146 and 147 with internal square-sided splines slots 148 and the teeth 7. The teeth 7 on the housing 145 of the rotor 8 mounted in five rows. In each row, the teeth 7 are mutually offset with equal angular increments. The number of teeth 7 in the ranks of the more than two. Each tooth 7 has a front face 172, side faces 173 and 174, the rear face 15 and the place of coupling 178. Place the coupling 178 is executed on the arc of a circle with radius equal to half the outer diameter of the housing 145. The teeth 7 with the housing 145 is connected Tauri welds.

Front face 172 of each of the ribs 7 provided with the option to install and dismantle the beach 180 of elastic material. Beach 180, made for example in the form of a segment of the tubeless model P (5.5 in x 16" or B x D = 150 x 406 mm) with an outer diameter 710 6 mm and width 1485 mm Static radius rolling - 3375 mm beach 180 on the front face 172 of the ribs 7 are fixed by means of fastening. Means mounting beach 180 presented in the form of lugs 181, bolts 182 and screw the shelves 184 and 185 Fang 7, covered seats 186 and 187 of beach 180. In the seats 186 and 187 of beach 180 is executed through holes 188 to the size of the mentioned bolts 182. Bolts 182 are screwed into the threaded holes 183 shelves 184 and 185 through a washer 189. Stops 181 in the form of pins associated with seats 190 and 191 of beach 180. Stops 181 are mounted in through holes 192 of the side surface 174 of the ribs 7. The holes 192 equidistant removed from the front face 172. Shelf 184 and 185 are formed radially directed sections 193 to technological holes 194 and multidirectional alternate limb side 174 Fang 7 between adjacent sections 193. Technological openings 194 is made between the front face 172 of the ribs 7 and the holes 192 stops 181.

The rotor 8 is mounted on the end of the H-shaped rod 195 (see Fig. 4, 6 to 10). The rod 195 is connected to the frame 11 with the possibility of translation into the transport position (see Fig. 6 and 9). The drive rotor 8 is made with bilateral pre-loading of the shafts 196 and 197 by twisting (see Fig. 28 and 29). The drive elements are placed in longitudinal beams 198 and 199 H-shaped rod 195. The rod 195 is additionally fastened to the frame 11 by means of a lanyard 200 - pull variable length (see Fig. 27, 7, 9, 10). H-shaped rod 195 is fixed is what I provided for the hydraulic cylinder 202. Craving variable length lanyard 200 sets in the working position the exact position of the rotor axis 8 relative to the rear ends of the inclined lifts 6 of the separator 5.

H-shaped rod 195 (see Fig. 4, 6 to 10 and 19 to 26) formed by pairs of mutually spaced and opposed set of bent-shaped profiles 203 and 204. Each pair of C-shaped profiles 203 and 204 connected pairs of plates 205, installed with equal increments along the length of the longitudinal beams 198 and 199 and rod 195. Plate 205 is made of sheet steel with a thickness of 4 mm Plate 205 with shelves profiles 203 and 204 are connected by resistance welding. Such a connection of the pairs of plates 205 and bent S-shaped profiles 203 and 204 allows you to create hollow beams 198 and 199 with a given rigidity.

Cross beam 206 also created a pair of bent-shaped profiles 203 and 204, facing each other trough-shaped profiles of the same sections. Longitudinal beams 198 and 199 and the cross beam 206 H-shaped rod 195 mutually cross intersect. Designated crossing beams 198 and 199 beam 206 reinforced corner profiles 207 installed in pairs between pairs of C-shaped profiles 203 and 204.

The left longitudinal beam 198 is supplied with two mounting brackets 208 and 209. Space mates brackets 208 and 209 - pull lanyard 200 - displacement is blennie rods 212, mounted between the shelves roll-formed sections 203, 204 and plates 210, 211.

H-shaped rod 195 their front ends installed between the pairs of walls 30 and 31 of the side walls 23 and 24 of the frame 11 and hollow axles 201 (see Fig. 26) are connected with fortified walls 35 and 36.

Sleeve 213 hollow axis 201 of rotation (see Fig. 19 and 20, 23 and 26) on the front ends of the parallel beams 198 and 199 of the rod 195 is placed on the pairs of plates 205 between the shelves of the C-shaped profiles 203 and 204. Each hollow axle 201 is fixed to the walls 30 and 31 of the side walls 23 (24) in the fortified walls 35 and 36 of the strap 214. Strap 214 is placed in the slot 215 hollow axis 201 and bolted 216 on the wall 36 (see Fig. 26). The described design of the swivel H-shaped rod 195 to the frame 11 provides a high technical and operational reliability and uninterrupted performance of technological operations for extracting the root mass of karastergiou layer in any climatic conditions.

In the middle of the cross beam 206 H-shaped rod 195 posted by bracket 217 to install the main gear 218 of the drive rotor 8. The bracket 217 to install the main bevel gear 218 of the drive rotor 8 on the form has a U-shape. On its vertical plate 219 crosstie, covering the perimeter of the cross beam 206. Designated pair of lateral shelves bracket 217 cross beam 206 H-shaped rod 195 is reinforced by plates 221 of steel sheet thickness of 5 mm and a size h mm

Rear ends 222 and 223 H-shaped rod 195 is equipped with mounting holes 224 for setting left and bottom right angular bevel gears 225 and 226 of the drive shaft 8 (see Fig. 20, 28, 29, 43 and 44). Similar mounting holes 227 (see Fig. 20) made in the front parts of the longitudinal beams 198 and 199 of the bars to install the left and right upper corner bevel gears 228 and 229 of the drive shaft 8 (see Fig. 28 and 29).

The translation of the H-shaped rod 195 together with the rotor 8 from the working position to transport position, or any other intermediate position is power cylinder 202 (see Fig. 6 and 9). The base 230 of the power cylinder 202 (CA-110 with stroke 250 mm) mounted on an axis 231 mounted in bushings 232 and 233 of the side walls 30 and 31 of the frame 11. Sleeve 232 and 233 fixed to the walls 30 and 31 welded seams. Axis 231 has a slot 234 to install strap 235, limiting its axial movement in the sleeve 232 and 233 of the side walls 30 and 31. The rod 236 of the power cylinder 202 his fork covers on the sides of the bracket 209 to the left prodelin is elendra 202 are connected by a high-pressure hose with hydrosilation attached to the tractor 10. Rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder is equipped with a breather.

The rise of the H-shaped rod 195 with the rotor 8 is produced by a hydraulic cylinder 202, and the lanyard 200 - pull variable length is formed to the minimum size (see Fig. 6, 9, 10 and 27). When lowering the rod 195 hydraulic cylinder 202 to the minimum size, i.e., in the operating position, the piston 238 in the cavity of the sleeve 239 lanyard 200 is moved to the stop at the end of the cylinder 240. But it is the position of the rotor 8 is optimal for only one special case of the operation of the machine. In all other cases, the piston 238 in the cavity of the sleeve 239 cylinder must be in an intermediate position. The operating position of the rod 195 and its seamless transfer into the transport position is provided lanyard 200 - thrust of variable length (see Fig. 27). It is equipped with a sleeve 239 - cylinder, inside which is placed a floating disk - piston 238 associated with the rod 241. The rod 241 floating disk 238 finger 242 is connected to the bracket 208 rod 195. The rod 241 provides, depending on the modification of the machine several variants of the structural design. The cylinder 239 is made with two bottom plugs 240 and 243. In one of the stub - end 240 posted by rod 241 floating disk 238. Another plug 243 is supplied with iameter detachable crank. In the threaded hole in the bracket 243 posted by threaded rod 245 to link 246 with an oval hole. The position of the threaded rod 245 is fixed by a lock nut 247. Oval link 246 installed during the Assembly of the frame 11 on the axis 32 that is installed between the sidewalls 30 and 31. Thus the thrust of the variable length lanyard 200 is attached to the chassis 11. The axis 32 of the link 246 with oval hole thrust variable length lanyard 200, hollow axle 201 of rotation of the H-shaped rod 195 and the axis 231 of the fastening mechanism offline translation - of a cylinder 202 rod 195 is placed in the transverse vertical plane between the two walls 30 and 31 of one of the side walls 23 of the frame 11 (see Fig. 26). Threaded rod 245 allows infinitely vary the length of the rod - lanyard 200 in the desired range.

For actuation of the rotor 8, in addition to the drive shaft 248 of the power takeoff (PTO) of the tractor (Fig. 6 - 10), is provided (Fig. 29 and 28): (three-speed transmission) main bevel gear 218 with two outputs 249 and 250, the device 251 for pre-loading of the shafts 196 and 197, two (left and right) upper bevel gear 228 and 229 in the gearbox 218 and two (left and right) lower gear 225 and 226 located on each side of the rotor 8. In the drive structure includes also Tran is erediauwa clutch 252 - 255 posted by concurrent threads in longitudinal beams 198 and 199 H-shaped rod 195. Thus, the drive rotor 8 is Ambidextrous. Hinge 256 drive telescopic shaft 248 from the tractor PTO is located on the geometric axis I-I of rotation of the H-shaped rod 196 (see Fig. 28).

Installation of the drive units of rotation of the rotor 8 on the H-shaped rod 195 provides transmission of power (torque) on the teeth 7 of the rotor 8, without breaking the flow of power. This is facilitated also by the fact that the telescopic cardan shaft 248 and transmission shafts 196 and 197 are mutually connected through siloperedayuschey clutches 252 - 255 with gear 218 having at least two output 248 and 250.

Outputs 249 and 250 of the main bevel gear 218 is installed bevel gear gears 228 and 229, the continuation of which are parallel gear shafts 196 and 197 and additional bevel gear gears 225 and 226 at the ends 222 and 223 rod 195 to drive the rotor 8. The main bevel gear 218 is configured to change the torque and speed outputs 249 and 250, and the transmission shaft 196 and 197 are installed with pre-loading by swirling. For this input shaft 257 of Simon the Ren 259, 260 and 261 with alternate engagement with two gears 262 and 263 on the intermediate shaft 264 (see Fig. 28 - 34). At the end of the input shaft 257 freely planted an additional bevel gear 265, at the end of the intermediate shaft 264 fixedly mounted another bevel gear 266. These gear (265 and 266 are in mesh with similar gears respectively 267 and 268 on the output shaft 269 gear 218. In bevel gear 265 on the input shaft 257 is embedded cylindrical gear 270 with internal gearing with the opportunity to interact with the third gear 261 gear train 258 (see Fig. 29 - 34).

Main gearbox 218 (see Fig. 28 - 33) of the drive rotor 8 includes a welded casing 271, entry 257, 264 intermediate and output 269 shafts. On the input shaft 257 movably mounted (installed on the cylinder block 258 of the three cylindrical gears 259, 260 and 261 of different diameters. On the intermediate shaft 264 fixedly mounted two gears 262 and 263 with alternate engagement respectively with gears 259 and 260 unit 258. At the end of the input shaft 257 freely planted an additional bevel gear 265, at the end of the intermediate shaft 264 fixedly mounted second bevel gear 266 is ical gears respectively 267 and 268 of the output shaft 269. The last (269) provided with two opposite output shafts 249 and 250. In bevel gear 265 on the input shaft 257 is embedded cylindrical gear 270 with internal gearing with the opportunity to interact with the third gear 261 (smallest diameter) unit 258 gear. The additional hub of bevel gear 265 planted on the input shaft 257 through a radial bearing 272 and the outer side of the hub with built-in gear 265 is installed in the housing 271 two conical bearings 273. Installation of the second end of the input shaft 257, and bearings of the shafts 264 and 269 produced no significant features that can be seen in Fig. 30. Input shaft 257 and the intermediate shaft 264 are short. Output shaft 269 is perpendicular to the said shafts 257 and 264 that extends the full length of the housing 271 and carries a forked the flow of power. Input shaft 257 is protruding outside of the housing 271 shank 274 with square-sided splines splines and a semicircular annular groove 275 in the middle.

The movable block 258 of the three gears 259 - 261 provided with mechanisms offset 276 along the input shaft and fixing the position of the gear 259, 260 and 261 (see Fig. 29). The control knob of the shift mechanism 276 is located on the front VERTIC the placement of the gears in the housing cavity 277. The main bevel gear 218 (see Fig. 34) of the drive shaft 8 of the machine for extraction of licorice roots includes case 277, input shaft 257, the intermediate shaft 264 and the output shaft 269. Input shaft 257 is supplied to the adoptive spline shank 274 with the annular groove 275, " SQUAR-sided slots 278 for installation of the rolling block 258 of the three cylindrical gears 259, 260 and 261 of equal diameter, seats 279 and 280 to accommodate bearing 272 and 281. On the intermediate shaft 264 motionless due to " SQUAR-sided slot 282 two fixed gears 262 and 263 with alternate engagement respectively with gears 259 and 260 unit 258. At the ends of the intermediate shaft 264 is executed seats 283 and 284 to accommodate bearing 285 and 286. Output shaft 269 is provided with two opposite output shafts 249 and 250 with annular grooves 287 and 288. Offset to the middle of the input shaft 269 is made seats 289 and 290 to accommodate bearing 291 and 292. The middle portion of the shaft 269 is supplied with a square-sided splines splines. Output shaft 269 in the case 277 installed perpendicular to the input shaft 257. In the middle of the spline of the output shaft 269 opposite is mounted through a spacer washer 293 a pair of equal conical pole is starname 265 and 266, mounted on the outer sections, respectively, of the input 257 and 264 intermediate shafts. The console part of the shaft 264 is mounted by means of a radial bearing 285 on the seat 283. The outer side of the hub 293 gear 265 together with built-in gear 270 is installed in the housing 277 on two opposing set of tapered bearings 273. The movable block 258 of the three cylindrical gears 259, 260 and 261 on the splined input shaft 278 257 installed with the alternate engagement with two gears 262 and 263 of the intermediate shaft 264 and the third gear 261 of small diameter with an integrated cylindrical gear 270 with internal mesh bevel gear 265 mounted on the cantilever part of the input shaft 257. The hub unit 258 provided with a groove 294 hosting fork 295 (Fig. 31 - 33) of the transfer mechanism 26 of the rolling unit gears 258 259 - 261. Between the cylindrical gears 262 and 263 on the intermediate shaft 264 set distance sleeve 296. The hub of bevel gear 266 on the outer part of the intermediate shaft 264 against axial displacement fixed disk 297 and retaining bolts 298. The locking bolts 298 is placed in the threaded holes on the end of the shaft 264 and mutually connected pikesan spacer sleeve 301. Bearings 273 fixed shaped nut 301 and washer with a mustache on the threaded part of the hub 293 bevel gear 265. The position of the hub 293 bevel gear 265 on the radial bearing 272 is fixed retaining ring 302. Axial displacement of the conical gear 265 relative to the cantilever part of the input shaft 257 is limited by the disk 303 with locking bolts 304 into the threaded holes of the end of the shaft 257. Glasses 299, 305 and 306, respectively, bearing 283, 286, 281, 291 and 292 intermediate the input and output shafts 264, 257 and 269 are mounted in the housing 277 with the possibility of dismantling. Glasses 299 and 300 are mounted on the partition wall 307 of the housing 277.

In the drive rotor 8 has consistently placed the drive shaft 248 connected to the PTO of the tractor 10 by means of two identical hinge gook 256 and a splined shaft and bushing, reducer 218 with two outputs 249 and 250, the device 251 for loading shafts 196 and 197, installed at the output 249 of the gear 218, the transmission shaft 196, 197 and bevel gears 228, 229, 225 and 226. A continuation of the upper bevel gear reducers 228, 229 are parallel gear shafts 196, 197 siloperedayuschey couplings 196, 197 siloperedayuschey clutches 252 - 255 and additional bevel gear 225 and 226 at the ends of the shaft is. 8, 41 and 42) contains the coupling halves 308 and 309. Each coupling half 308 and 309 are provided with two levers 310 and 311, respectively. At the ends of one of the levers 310 is rigidly fixed blades mounted perpendicular to the consoles 312 and 313 with screw lugs 314 and 315, interacting with its hemispherical lugs 316 end 317 and 318 - curved surface of the lever 311 other coupling 309. Device 251 in the collection of closed cylindrical collapsible casing 319.

The coupling 309 provided with a splined sleeve that is placed on the output 249 of the output shaft 269 main bevel gear 218. The position of the coupling 309 at the end of the shaft 269 main bevel gear 218 is fixed by a pin 320 mounted on the through-hole coupling 309 and in the annular groove 287 exit 249.

The coupling 308 similarly connected with receiving the shaft of the upper angular bevel gear 228. The coupling 309 has a cylindrical sleeve 321, which covers the pin 322 of the coupling 308. Pin 322 of the coupling sleeve 308 and 321 coupling 309 mutually coupled in a sliding fit (9th degree). The coupling halves 308 and 309 provide a simple coaxial connection of the output shaft 269 main bevel gear 218 and the receiving shaft upper uvih stops 314 and 315 in the threaded holes consoles 312 and 313 are fixed by lock nuts 324.

The connection of coaxial shafts through siloperedayuschey clutches 252 - 255 includes, for example, shafts 229 and 197 with the same type slotted ends 325 and 326, two identical flanged coupling 327 and 328, planted on the shafts 229, 197 and facing end faces to each other (see Fig. 29, 35 and 36). Coupling 327 and 328 are fixed against axial displacement of the locking device in the form of pins 329, with half of the cross section of the pins 329 passes through the semicircular groove 330 on the trunnion shaft. At the ends of the coupling 327 and 328 napagod made the center of the recess 331. The alignment center of the recess 331 is determined the same configuration of the coupling 327, 328 and, therefore, identical to the technology of their manufacture. Between the ends of the coupling 327 and 328 in the recesses 331 has a relatively large ball 332. The diameter of the latter and the initial diameters of the recesses 331 are selected in such a way that between the ends of the coupling 327 and 328 formed in the gap l. In this gap the disc is inserted 333 with a Central hole, covering the ball 332, and with the holes on the periphery, in which planted the fingers 334. The ratio of the gap l and the thickness h of the disk 333 is equal to (2,0 1,6...): 1. Fingers 334 are missing in the U-shaped grooves 335 made in the flanges of the coupling 327 and 328; forming grooves have a bump made who/P> Coupling (see Fig. 28, 39, and 40) for approval angular position of the shaft 269 gear 218 and the receiving shaft gear 228 includes coupling 336 and 337 with the same type of slots 338, two planted on the shafts hub 339 and 340 with the coupling 336 and 337, respectively. Converted into the ends of the hubs 339 and 340 overlap, are coaxially aligned and together form an additional support. Hub 339 and 340 are fixed against axial displacement by pins 343, half-section which passes through the semi-circular grooves on the shafts 344. Each of the coupling sleeve 336 and 337 are provided with two diverging in opposite directions levers 345 and 346, one of which is fixed perpendicular to the lever 346 console 347. In the console 347 lever 346 coupling 337 on the threaded set screw stop 348 with a hemispherical tip 349. Screw the stop 348 advanced is fixed relative to the console 347 nut 350. The lever 345 has a foothold 351 with a bend 352, which can interact with the lugs 349 by screwing the stop 348. The axis stops 348 are located on opposite sides of the hub 339 on their consoles in parallel and opposite to each other with the possibility of increasing the range of levers 345 as screwing stops 348.

The coupling is provided with a protective casing predominantly cylindrical shape, which is made of two-aboven 365 and 366 openings are provided, covering the hub 341 and 342. Mount halves 365 and 366 between them is made by means of rings 367 installed in the concavity 368 and convexity 369 half 365 and 366. The latter also increases the rigidity of the halves. Also serve this concavity 370 on the lateral surfaces of the halves 365 and 366 casing.

The experience of operation of machines of this kind have shown that the rotor 8 to be easily removable, and the reliability of the drive should be at the highest technical level. Effect of impact nature of the work of 7 fangs, his drive is carried out from two sides. In Fig. 43 and 44 presents two variants of design of the lower angular bevel gears 225 (226).

Each of the gears 225 (226) contains a welded casing 371, in which, with the possibility of dismantling posted by leading bevel gear 372 and driven bevel gear 373. The number of teeth of the gears 372 and 373 are related as 1: 2.

Leading bevel gear 372 is placed on the spline shaft drive shaft 374 375. The hub of the pinion 372 posted on spline shank 374, against axial displacement is limited by the flange in the direction of the glass 376 and drive 377 toward the driven bevel gear 373. Drive shaft 375 is installed coaxially to the cavity of the glass with a u is topographical 378 in the glass 376 placed through the spacer sleeve 379. The position of the roller 378 drive shaft 375 is fixed shaped nut 380 and washer with CA installed on the threaded part of the shaft 375. A glass of 376 in the housing 371 is installed through the shims. The same strip is provided between the cover 381 Cup 376 and by the glass.

In the cavity of the housing 371 in the glass 382 is mounted a pair of roller bearings 383. Roller bearings in a glass of 382 posted via spacer sleeve 384, whose position in the Cup 382 fixed locking bolt 385 with locknut. In the inner rings of the bearings 383 has a driven hollow shaft 386. On the outer surface of the driven shaft 386 performed flange 387, " SQUAR-sided slots 388, seats 389 and a threaded section 390. The position of the driven bevel gear 373 and roller bearings 383 on the hollow driven shaft 386 is fixed shaped nut 391. The ends of the hollow shaft 386 located outside the housing 371 and associated with him through the covers 392 with sealing gaskets 393 proper design.

Drive bevel gear 373 slave angular bevel gear 225 (226) connected to the working body of the rotor 8 through additional splined shaft 394, passing through the hollow driven shaft is another embodiment (Fig. 44) drive bevel gear 373 is connected to the working body of the rotor 8 through additional with the slots on the surface of the shaft 396. Additional shaft 396 is provided with a shank 397, protruding beyond the outer end of the hollow driven shaft 398 and fixed on this end of the retaining rings 399 and disk 400 with holes.

Machine to extract rhizomes soboliferous weeds, in particular the roots and rhizomes of licorice when performing the following ways, works as follows.

The operation of the machine will examine the following technologies:
1) increasing the productivity of natural thickets licorice (in particular lucricia: licorice Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Ural licorice Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) by assassination old roots and rhizomes of licorice through crafts narrow and super narrow cracks to a depth of 0.4 - 0.6 m;
2) the restoration of the population of licorice and licorice Ural by planting in strips;
3) cleaning the roots and rhizomes of licorice in flooded floodplain using strip-mining technologies licorice to save ecotype and reduce recovery time productivity of the root mass in the retracted strips;
4) oborny to +50 ... +65oC).

To perform the first process operation of the machine to the work prepared in the following order.

On the frame 11 of the machine, in particular on its brackets 33 and 34, mounted additional ploughshare 138 (see Fig. 72 - 74). For this purpose, the hole 109 of the brackets 33 and 34 of the first set axis 99, and on them hang the rack 139 and 140 of its mounting parts 141. The position of each axis 99 is fixed on the rack 139 and 140 straps 111 and the bolts 112 (see Fig. 18). The strap 111 is pre-installed in the slots 108. Next, the rack 139 (140) deflect in one direction or another and place the shear pin 102 in a specially machined holes of the bracket 33 (34) hours 139 (140) made between a pair of holes 104 for accommodating mounting bolts 100 (101). Later in aligned openings 105 of the bracket 33 and the holes 104 of the rack 139 install the bolts 100 and 101, which tighten nuts M30 through spring washers 30 65G. Similarly do the right counter 140 additional shares 138. Rack 139 and 140 on the frame 11 of the machine installed with a distance from each other by a distance equal to 1.2 meters Experimentally established that the tractive resistance of the two racks 139 and 140 when the hack cracks of a width of not more than 2.0 cm at a depth of 0.6 m on virgin sea, therefore the performance required tractor wheeled and tracked modifications thrust class 3 (DT-S, DT-75, T-150, T-150K, VT-100 and others). The tractor 10 with the rods 42 and 43 all system serves reverse to the brackets 12, 13 and 14 of the frame 11 (see Fig. 1 and 2). The fingers of the sample with an external diameter of 35 mm and 30 mm are removed from the sleeves of the hinge brackets 12 to 14 (see Fig. 72 - 74). Next, the left and right lower links 42 and 43 connected to the brackets 13 and 14, and the Central upper arm (its position in Fig. 2 coincides with the longitudinal axis of the Assembly) - with bracket 12. Hydraulic power cylinder of hydromancy tractor 10 to the frame 11 of the machine is transferred to the full transport position. The locking circuits hydromancy tractor 10 limit lateral oscillations of the frame 11 within 3 cm from the longitudinal plane of symmetry of the Assembly.

Under field conditions perform the same adjustment. When moving the machine frame 11 is transferred into the working position. When lowering the frame 11 curved ends of work parcel racks 142 139 and 140 additional shares 138 relate to the field surface. The cutting edges 144 of the blade 142 cut in the root layer of soil. At the steady state motion of the frame 11 with stiffeners 139 and 140 additional shares and 138 should be in the position pakatan the 21 and 22 must be placed in the transverse vertical plane (strictly plumb). Any deviation from the vertical line (plumb line) eliminate the change in the length of the Central top link.

When moving the machine, the cutting edges 144 blades 142 on its way cut the roots and rhizomes of licorice, separating them from the parent or other larger root at a distance of 1.2 m From axillary buds roots and rhizomes of licorice appear vertically oriented shoots: upward vegetative form (above-ground shoots); directed sideways and down - the roots (sucking and skeletal). The lower curved portion formed by the slit is focal tank water. Further, when the short summer precipitation neverauskas water on the walls of the slit running down and increases soil moisture. High temperature and soil moisture provide intensive growth and development of new shoots and roots. In the bands between racks 139 and 140 are formed conditions for individual development of new colonies licorice. On the third and fourth years of life Solodkova thickets their productivity from 10 - 12 t/ha increases to 30 - 47 t raw roots per hectare. The diameter of even a rope (cord) licorice root is marginal arrays to 12 - 17 mm, which corresponds to tropopause licorice and licorice Ural by planting in bands. This operation is performed on the arrays, where the design floor Solodkova thickets less than 25% of the total area. Thickets licorice improve in the following way. On the frame 11 of the machine are mounted blade 17 in the form of a U-shaped spurs of the working body 3. The above-described reception U-shaped spurs working body 3 is fixed to the brackets 33 and 34 of the frame 11 of the machine. By changing the length of the top link hydraulic system mounted to the tractor 10 in the working position of the machine (see Fig. 1 and 2) symmetry axis of the pipes 21 and 22 set strictly according to the plumb. The hollow tubes 21 and 22 is filled with liquid ballast. To do this, the water tubes 27 of the upper and lower pipes 21 and 22 sbencivu tube with probes 28. In the cavity of the fill pipes or bischofite or liquid with corrosion inhibitor. When filling the cavities of the tubes 21 and 22 to a specified level determined by monogram to determine the mass of ballast water tube 27 is closed.

The increase in the mass of the frame 11 of the machine it is necessary to increase the inertia of the unit, which enables uniform translational movement of the machine and set the cutting depth of the soil layer and the soil. Presented on Fig. 1, 2, 15, 17 of the U-shaped working body 3 during forward movement of the unit with a given p is OMCI sided blades 97 and 98, inclined to the direction of movement of the lateral columns 92 and 93, vertically cut first and vegetable root residues on the surface of the field, the stubble and stalks of plants in licorice-grass Association, topsoil (humified) layer and the lower soil horizon. Vegetable and root remnants of the cutting edges of the blades 97 and 98 are cut to pieces. Cut these stems occur on elastic Foundation - soil surface. Inclined struts 92 and 93 in the soil are vertical slit width 14 - 16 mm Large part of the cut residue remains on the surface of the field. Their smaller part is entrapped in the gap. They are reinforced wall cracks.

Horizontal knife 94 cuts the layer of soil at a depth of 0.35 - 0.40 m Cut layer blade 94 knife 89 is deformed upward, and without disturbing the original addition is placed again in its place.

Curved curved sections 90 and 91 on the lower parts of the inclined uprights 92 and 93 in places mates with a horizontal knife 89 exclude, through scientifically-based and experimentally confirmed radius of curvature, sticky soil at any humidity and purification under the overhang on them root inclusions. Divide the t in one row to a depth of 0.3 to 0,35 m In the quality of planting material used freshly dug horizontal rhizomes - Karabash with a distinct renewal buds. At mass preparation of licorice raw materials Karabash is a waste of raw materials, as not corresponding to the requirements of GOST 22839-88. Rollers by lesoposadkah machine creates intimate contact of planting material with soil. This excludes damage of planting material. When moving the U-shaped working body 3 in the layer of 0.4 m on the bandwidth of 1.2 m are destroyed competitors (wild perennial grasses). Remaining on the surface of the strip and vegetable root residues exclude the processes of wind and water erosion.

Consider the element-by-element technology of extraction of the root mass licorice - licorice riparian ecotype on the example of the floodplain of the river Volga (Astrakhan region, Narimanov district, land farm "Rodina"), Oil plot, September and October 1998).

Productivity in natural thickets of licorice on the specified plot reached 65 - 70 t/ha of raw roots (humidity roots and rhizomes up to 48% at the time of harvest). Above-ground shoots licorice remove one of the known methods. After harvesting above-ground shoots, cutters the x shoots with heads of many years of licorice roots. The thus prepared strip width of 1.2 - 1.5 m ready for industrial harvesting of licorice raw materials. Our experimental data revealed that horizon 0 - 0.6 m is up to 80% of the root mass, and m layer - to 90 - 95% of the roots of the total mass. In flooded floodplain prevail horizontally outstretched roots. For this reason, the claimed machine agregation with tractors of class pull 5 or 6.

When perinvest machine with a tractor of the class thrust 3 thrust class 5, proceed as follows.

Perenovska frame 11 consider the example of the separation of the left thrust 42 of the tractor 10 (T-150K - see Fig. 1 and 2). Deleted the fingers 52 of the sleeve 57 and the cavity 60 of the finger 53 (see Fig. 62) produced in the following manner. Kit of spare parts of the machine remove the device depicted in Fig. 61. Spacer 76 is installed in the cavity 60 of the finger 53 and the threaded part of the rotation of the fitting nut 85 screwed into the threads 61 of the finger 53 of large diameter. Next, the mechanic holding the ends of the 50 - shaped handles 48, rotates the finger 52 in the sleeve 57 and into the cavity 60 of the finger 53, bringing the slots 70 and 71 out of contact with the pins 62 and 63. Many years of experience with agricultural machinery and tractor units shows that the t is consistent with the violation of safety and operation of the suspended agricultural machinery. When the rotation of the sliding nuts 85 butt spacers is based in the finger 52 and relative to the sleeve 57 is shifted to the cheeks 39 of the bracket 13 (14). Further, under the action of the coils of the spring - elastic element 67 of the latch 68 and the efforts of the hands of the mechanic unloaded finger 52 is removed from the hole of the ball joint 86 of the left lower links 42 and sleeve 57 39 cheeks. Similarly do the same with the bottom right thrust 43 all system of the tractor 10.

Working position of the left lower links 87 with a spherical hinge 88 on all system tractor thrust class 5 (M) shown in Fig. 59 (view in plan). After the filing of the tractor 10 (M) back to the frame 11 and placing the left and right lower rods 87 (42) between the jaws 37 and 38 of the brackets 13 and 14, begin to bring the fingers 53 in the working position. For this purpose, the finger 53 is introduced into the left cheek 37 (Fig. 65). The lead-in portion 58 of the finger 53 is directed into the hole of the spherical hinge 88. Later in the finger 52 (see Fig. 58 and 65) in the threaded portion 44 or 69 is screwed the threaded end 83 of the studs 45. The finger 52 with the pin 45 is injected into the cavity 60 of the finger 53 and the side cheeks 39 enter the finger 53 in the working position. For this purpose, the threaded part 46 or 84 screw on the outside of the cheeks 39 or shaped nut 47 (Fig. 58), or Out in the sleeve 56 cheeks 38. Further, the finger 52 is extracted from the cavity 60 of the finger 53 and installed in working position, shown in Fig. 59, 60 and 62. In a free state, the finger 52 turn their grooves 72, 73, 70, 71 and 74 on pins 62 and 63 to the locked operating position. Under the action of the compressed coils of the elastic element 68 of the latch 67 fingers 52 and 53 is in a permanent locked position precluding accidental uncoupling of the tractor 10 to the frame 11 of the claimed machine. Working position of the fingers 52, 53 with the hinge brackets 12, 13 and 14, as well as provisions when assembling and dismantling is shown in Fig. 58 - 67. The Central upper arm of the hinged system of the tractor 10 with the upper bracket 12 connected either above or reception staff. All system of the tractor 10 to the frame 11 of the machine together with the separator 18 and the rotor 8 is transferred in full transport position.

Mechanic at idle the tractor engine 10 checks the gearbox PTO. When the clutch PTO nominal revs of the engine tachometer to measure the rotational speed of the splined shaft of a gearbox PTO. The number of revolutions of a shaft PTO must be within 17-1(1020 min-1). Then the hinge 256 telescopic cardan shaft 248 is connected with the tractor PTO ke nodes of the drive rotor 8 and perform the required adjustments before departure or on the plantation culture of licorice, either its natural thickets.

When the tractor PTO 10 mechanic mechanism 276 displacement of the rolling block 258 the bevel gear 259 engages with spur gear 262 on the intermediate shaft 264. The frequency of rotation of the output shaft 269 in this case will be equal to 85-1(510 rpm). The rotation of the output shaft 269 through the end of the shank 250 on the right side of the rod 195 is transmitted to the input shaft upper right angular bevel gear 229. Input shaft gear 229 is connected to the sleeve 254 and shaft 197. The lower end of the shaft 197 through the slotted shank is connected with the clutch 255, and she, in turn, is connected with the receiving shaft of the lower-right corner of the gear 226. Additional spline shaft 294 (396) connected to the splined sleeve 147 housing 145 of the rotor 8. The flow of transmitted power from the left side of the rod 195 to additional splined shaft 394 (396) in the lower left corner conical reducer is transmitted as follows. Output 249 of the output shaft 269 weaning power passes through the power coupler 251, then through the upper corner bevel gear 228, siloperedayuschey clutch 252, shaft 196, the lower siloperedayuschey clutch 253 on the driving shaft of the left angular bevel gear 225. Transfer the driven bevel gear 373. Driven bevel gear rotation on the housing 145 of the rotor 8 is slots 388 hollow shaft 386, and from there through a pair of slotted the secondary splined shaft 394 (Fig. 43) or additional spline shaft 396 (Fig. 44) and square-sided splines splines 148 left splined axle 147 fixed to the flange 171 of the housing 145 of the rotor 8. Record the high-frequency process on the waveform when tenzometricheskie workflow interaction of the teeth 7 with karastergiou layer 1 showed that the separation of clods of soil from skeletal roots is due to the shock pulses. And peak-load energy transfer occurs in less than 0,45 0,3 ... C. the Percussive nature of the loads on the nodes of the drive rotor 8 excludes other mechanical transmission than those described in the application materials. To eliminate shock loads on the teeth in the gears mentioned gears 218, 228, 229, 225 and 226 in the power circuit of the us is provided by the device (see Fig. 28, 39, and 40) for approval angular position of the shaft 196 and 197 relative to the slotted pins 147 and 148 of the housing 145 of the rotor 8 and constructive alternatives, is shown in Fig. 38 - 42. When screwing in the screw lugs 360 threaded console 359 ball hemispherical tips 361 relate to the reference p in the kinematic chain of the drive rotor 8. Simultaneously selects gaps in the gearing teeth of bevel gears gears 228, 229, 225, 226 and clutch 252 - 255. The shafts 196 and 197 are working at the same time as the transmission device and torsions. Since the exact ratio in the transfer relationship of the gears 228, 229, 225 and 226 withstand the impossible, in real production takes place recycling streams transmitted power. The design of the drive rotor 8 is provided with a simple device, excluding mismatch rotation frequency of the transmitted torque without breaking the flow of power (see Fig. 37 and 38). After these operations, the machine includes a tractor PTO 10. On low speed engine operation, it eliminates any discrepancies to the technical conditions at the nodes of the drive rotor 8. With an increase of engine speed to rated without the hook load of the tractor 10, the mechanic listens to all units, components and interfaces. When reaching the highest frequency of rotation of the crankshaft of the engine, tachometers check the rotational speed of the rotor 8. When the above-mentioned position of the gear 259 and 262 on the shafts 257 and 264, the rotational speed of the rotor 8 must be in the range of 200 to 220 rpm Then the tractor mechanismen 265. In this situation gears 261 and 270 rotation frequency of the rotor 8 must be within 495 - 536 rpm When working in astrosatellite time of year when the soil is dry (relative humidity not higher than 12 to 16%, and the hardness of the soil layer 0 - 50 cm up to 40 - 55 kgf/cm2), the complete separation of clods of earth from the roots and rhizomes of licorice depends on the frequency of exposure of the teeth 7 of the rotor 8 on the cut layer. In this case, the bevel gear 260 is combined with the gear 263.

The rotation frequency of the rotor 8 is 1000 - 1050 rpm

Checking the operation of the drive rotor 8, the operator connects a high-pressure hose of a cylinder 202 with remote-cylinder hydraulic system attached to the tractor 10. The sleeve must be hydraulically connected to Rodless cylinders, the cylinder chamber 202. His rod cavity communicated with the atmosphere through a breather. Driving the left handle hydrosaluric tractor 10, the mechanic repeatedly rod 195 translates into full transport and working position. Then begins the important process of adjustment: the overlap between the rear ends of the inclined lifts 6 and the peripheral edges of the teeth 7 of the rotor 8. Minimum value is not less than meshaut on the prepared array. Hydromancy tractor 10 machine gently lowered to the surface of the field. During movement of the tractor 10 at least the transfer of cutting edge 137 of the horizontal blade 134 cuts smooth the top layer, and then delves into arable and subsoil horizons. The cutting edges 137 of the side walls 135 and 136 of the U-shaped working body 5 of the separator 18 are cut vertically karastergiou layer with mutual offset 1200 5 mm At the depth of the blade 134 on the bottom (the latter is monitored by the depth gauge wheels 15 and 16), the mechanic stops cornucopiae unit. From the left or right side of the machine by plumb check the position of the centers of the pipes 21 and 22 of the frame 11. To facilitate this adjustment on the walls of the pipes 21 and 22 are made of the slot. After stopping the machine when the deviations of the upper pipe 21 from the vertical toward the center of the pipe 22, mechanic change the length of the top link attachment of the tractor 10, eliminates this discrepancy. This adjustment is strictly required. Only when this position of the frame 11 provides the minimum frontal (traction) the resistance of the unit. At the completion of the mentioned technological control unit is ready to run the entire workflow.

When moving the machine the edge 137 of the blade 134 and side walls 135 and 136 separated layer width of 1.2 m and a thickness of 0.4 - 0.5 m Cut the seam on inclined lifts 6 rises to the rotating teeth of the rotor 8. Fangs 7 affect the reservoir from the bottom up. The separated soil fractions 9 and the ground are placed again in a rectangular canal, and on the roots are placed on the surface of the treated strip. After drying licorice raw materials removed one of the known methods which are widely spread in the current practice of management in the Russian Federation by the end of the 20th century.

Three years ' experience in the floodplain R. Volga river in its flood-prone parts showed that the effectiveness of koridoriuose machines (1997) drops sharply to the time of harvest, when the content of BAS, extractives, glycyrrhizic acid and sugars in licorice root is the greatest. In this case, to achieve the objectives of the root mass is extracted in two stages.

For this purpose, the prepared array unit shown in Fig. 1 and 2, the first pass cut karastergiou layer 1 thus, as shown in Fig. 3. The track is the first unit in the footsteps moving unit, schematically shown in plan in Fig. 4. When the movement of the mentioned unit svezhepokrashennye layer comes at the expense of backwater and integrity of the reservoir nlike 7. Last considering the entire layer. Roots and rhizomes are extracted completely on the surface of the treated strip. The slipping of the front and rear wheels of the tractor M no more than a stubble licorice more than 8 - 9%. Process machine runs steadily. The degree of extraction of roots on the surface is 80 - 85% of the total mass in the layer of 0.6 m

On special request of the pharmaceutical industry the outer surface of the roots and rhizomes for mechanical extraction of the root mass licorice should not have mechanical damage. For this purpose, the rotor 8, is shown in Fig. 48 - 55 and 45, 46.

When working on soils with vegetation immediately after the flood period using the rotor 8, the teeth 7 which has pests 180 from an elastic material (June-July of each calendar year in the South of the Russian Federation).

When in later periods (August-September) on the rod 195 installing the rotor 8 with a cylindrical rim 170 on the teeth 7. Edging 170 has a spiral 167 and 168 and the periods between them 169. Edging 170 eliminates damage to the roots and rhizomes of licorice.

When working in late autumn period (October-November is. 56 and 57.

The replacement of one type of rotor 8 on the other is made by moving the left and right additional spline shafts 394 (396) (see Fig. 43, 44, 28 and 29) in the hollow shafts 388 (Fig. 44), or 386 (Fig. 43) lower angular bevel gears 225 and 226.

When working on a particularly heavy soils to reduce the traction resistance of the front U-shaped working body 5 of the separator 18 is offset to the side (see Fig. 68 and 69) is ploughshare 115, the side walls 116 and 117 which are mounted offset outward from its racks 92 and 93. Deformers 119) soil produce preliminary loosening of the soil.

Thus, the above data confirm that the implementation of the use of the claimed invention the following cumulative conditions: the claimed methods and machine for its implementation are intended for use in agriculture for the production of licorice raw materials as the primary source product industry, where the device can be used multifunctional; the possibility of carrying out the invention is achieved by means of known methods and tools; the proposed method of extraction of the root mass licorice has an extremely high efficiency, achieved at all staci licorice root environmentally safe, and she is way technology improves the quality of the composition of licorice and related herbs in Solodkova thickets; claimed way technology eliminates the processes of water, sun and air erosion; the technical result of the proposed machine for implementing the method is achieved by the simplicity of the design, the application of the known elements, and is characterized by a wide range of opportunities.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "industrial applicability" under the current law.

1. The method of extraction of rhizomes soboliferous weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice, including preliminary plowing rhizome layer and separation of the soil with the extraction of rhizomes, characterized in that the preliminary plowing rhizome layer produce a profound without turnover and deformation of the cutting layer preferably plescripshon U-shaped working body, and separation of the soil with the release of the rhizomes and roots is carried out at the second passage on the previous track by raising clipped layer U-shaped working body with inclined lifts and periodic bumps raised seam from the bottom up by the teeth of the rotating rotor is - in its original position.

2. Machine to extract rhizomes soboliferous weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice that contains a frame, a plow, a separator and a rotor, wherein the blade is made U-shaped, and the separator is U-shaped with inclined lifts and is located behind the ploughshare, and provided with a drive rotor has teeth with fringing at the working faces.

3. Machine under item 2, characterized in that the frame is formed from two cross tubes, interconnected by side walls, the tube is made with tightly closed ends, the inner cavity of the pipe filled with ballast liquid, and each sidewall presented in the form of covering the pipe wall and, optionally interconnected cylindrical ridges, the pipe has a pair of lugs for attachment to the tractor, and the lower pipe is provided with two pairs of eyelets for attachment to a tractor and brackets for mounting the supporting wheels and shares.

4. Machine under item 3, wherein a pair of lugs on the bottom of the pipe is aligned with the side walls.

5. Machine under item 3, characterized in that the brackets for mounting the gauge wheels, and/or shares and/or separator made of one piece.

6. Machine ptx2">

7. Machine under item 3, characterized in that each pipe is provided with a filler plug with dipstick and drain plug.

8. Machine under item 3, characterized in that the ballast liquid applied water with corrosion inhibitors.

9. Machine under item 3, characterized in that the ballast fluid applied bischofite.

10. Machine under item 2, characterized in that each bracket frame made W-shaped, parallel cheeks which made different-sized aligned holes with installed with the possibility of removing the fingers to swivel rods hinged system of the tractor, and the finger of larger diameter are hollow and connected with the end of a finger of a smaller diameter, at the end of a finger of a smaller diameter threaded hole in which is mounted a pin coupled to the second threaded end of the fitting nut on the outer end cheeks.

11. Machine under item 10, characterized in that the outer ends of the fingers provided with pairs of diametrically oriented-shaped handles, curved hook-shaped ends are inclined to the axes of the fingers offset from the cheeks of the brackets.

12. Machine under item 2, characterized in that accommodated the of Antara, fixing and dismantling of different-sized mutually mating hollow fingers.

13. Machine under item 12, characterized in that the brackets are formed parallel to the defined cheeks, which are placed coaxially different size bushings for installation of hollow fingers.

14. Machine under item 12, characterized in that each mating pair of fingers provided with a lock reciprocal provisions made in the form of a pair of diametrically oriented pins placed in the inner cavity of the finger large diameter and U bioetoh grooves made on the outer surface of the ends of the finger of a smaller diameter.

15. Machine under item 12, characterized in that it is provided with means for mounting, fixing and dismantling of hollow fingers, made in the form mounted on the threaded stud spacer sleeve with a through screw holes, ball layer and a ball joint with a diametrically oriented tap wrenches.

16. Machine under item 2, characterized in that the ploughshare in the form of a U-shaped spurs of the working body has a horizontal knife and associated arcuate sections inclined to the direction of movement of the knife side walls connected to the frame with the possibility fixyou, pobrezni sections and the side walls have a one-sided hardened blades with a sharpening angles not exceeding 20o.

18. Machine under item 16, characterized in that the radius of fillets each arcuate section is made not less than 150 mm

19. Machine under item 16, characterized in that each side wall and the curved section is made of one piece.

20. Machine under item 2, wherein the blade is formed by a pair of spaced apart by the width of the machine and vertically mounted in longitudinal vertical planes of the side walls, inclined to the direction of movement.

21. Machine on p. 20, characterized in that the blade is installed in front of the separator, and its side wall is offset outward from its rack on the inner sides of the side walls at their lower parts are mounted with the possibility of dismantling the deformers soil.

22. Machine on p. 20, characterized in that each deformer soil is made in the form of a truncated incorrect pyramid, the greater base of which is connected with the base surface of the side wall, with at least one of the ribs are oriented parallel to the lower edge of the wall and to the side of the pyramid facing the cutting romcim.

24. Machine on p. 20, characterized in that the truncated pyramid is made a recess for the accommodation of the fastening element.

25. Machine on p. 20, characterized in that the fastening element is placed in the holes of the side wall of the knife and deepening deformator soil.

26. Machine on p. 20, characterized in that the ribs of the base of the pyramid is placed in a closed groove side wall.

27. Machine on p. 20, characterized in that the blade is performed on the surface of the side wall opposite to the deformator soil.

28. Machine under item 2, characterized in that the U-shaped separator is designed with a horizontal blade and provided with a rejected up and back lifts reservoir and roots, and the side walls of the working body connected to the frame with the possibility of fixed reinstallation.

29. Machine on p. 28, characterized in that the side walls of the separator is attached to the chassis through axis and remote from the axis of the fastening elements, one of which remains in the area when you reinstall the working body in the transport position.

30. Machine on p. 28, characterized in that between the pairs of fasteners installed shear pin.

31. Machine under item 2, otlichayas and installed on end parts of the drum by a disk coaxially mounted a pair of slotted bushings, while the outline of the latter is combined with the end sections of the drum.

32. Machine under item 2 or 31, characterized in that mounted on the outer surface of the cylindrical drum, the teeth are mounted in the package and installed with equal increments along the length of the drum, with the peripheral edges of the teeth of each package is located away from the axis of the drum by coordinates chain line described by the equation
y = a ch (x/a)
where y is the coordinate along the ordinate axis;
a - parameter of the catenary;
x - coordinate on the x-axis.

33. Machine p. 32, characterized in that the parameter a chain line is equal to the radius of the tooth with minimal destruction of its peripheral point of the longitudinal axis.

34. Machine under item 32, wherein each tooth has a stepped front face.

35. Machine p. 34, characterized in that the number of stages on the teeth varies from 2 to 7.

36. Machine p. 34, characterized in that the angle of the mortar between the blocks of steps increases towards the peripheral edge of the blade from /2 to 3/4.
37. Machine under item 2 or 31, characterized in that it is placed on a cylindrical drum rotor blades made in the form of interconnected and. rajani on logarithmic spirals with a smooth transition spirals on top of fangs, the length of the spiral on the working part of the canine more and spirals and their transitions framed cylindrical rim, the scope of fangs growing from the ends of the drum to its middle so that the circle described by the fangs are barrel-shaped.

38. Machine under item 37, wherein the cylindrical rim is made in the form of a rigidly fixed to each tooth and the curved profile of the spirals and their transition tube with a longitudinal slot for the passage of the main section of the canine.

39. Machine p. 37, characterized in that the ratio of the diameters of describing the blades of the circles in the middle of the drum and at its edges is equal to (1.3 to 1.5):1.

40. Machine under item 2 or 31, characterized in that it is placed on the outer surface of the cylindrical drum fangs equipped with vanes of elastic material.

41. Machine p. 40, characterized in that each tooth is equipped with beach with the option to install and disassembly, and is made in the form of a segment of tubeless tires.

42. Machine p. 40, characterized in that the beach on the front face of the tooth fixed by means of fastening.

43. Machine p. 42, wherein the means mounting beach presents in the form of lugs, bolts and resipole Fang, covered seats of the beach with the hole in them the size of the mentioned bolts and lugs in the form of pins associated with a seat of the beach and are mounted in through holes on the side of the canine equidistant its front face.

44. Machine p. 43, characterized in that the shelves on the front face formed radially directed cuts to technological holes and multidirectional alternate limb side face of the tooth between adjacent slices.

45. Machine on p. 44, characterized in that the holes made honey anterior face of the tooth and holes stops.

46. Machine under item 2, characterized in that the rotor is mounted on the end of the H-shaped rod connected to the frame with the possibility of translation into the transport position, the drive rotor is constructed with bilateral pre-loading shaft by twisting the drive elements are placed in the longitudinal beams of the H-shaped rod, and the rod is additionally fastened to the frame by means of the thrust of variable length.

47. Machine on p. 46, characterized in that the hinge rotation drive from the tractor is located on the axis of rotation of the H-shaped rod.

48. MA is Lenna C-shaped profiles, moreover, each pair of profiles associated pairs of plates that are installed with equal increments along the length of the beams rod.

49. Machine on p. 48, characterized in that the beams and cross-beams H-shaped rod are mutually cross intersect and the intersection of the beams with the beams reinforced with corner profiles, installed in pairs between pairs of C-shaped profiles.

50. Machine on p. 48, characterized in that place mate brackets thrust of variable length and Autonomous mechanism of translation of the rod reinforced slabs and installed in pairs by rods mounted between the shelves bent profiles and plates.

51. Machine on p. 48, characterized in that the sleeve axis of rotation at the ends of the parallel beams rod placed on the pairs of plates between the shelves C-shaped profiles.

52. Machine on p. 48, characterized in that in the middle of the cross-beam H-shaped rod placed bracket for installation of gear drive of the rotor.

53. Machine p. 52, characterized in that the bracket for the installation of the drive rotor has a U-shaped form, on its vertical shelf which is mounted to the mounting pins, and side shelves made square holes, covering the perimeter of the transverse beam.Noah rod and provided with a propeller and telescopic transmission shaft, United through siloperedayuschey couplings with a gearbox having at least two exits.

55. Machine p. 54, characterized in that the output of the gear set bevel gear, the continuation of which are parallel gear shafts and additional bevel gear at the ends of the rod to drive the rotor, the gearbox is arranged to change the torque and speed outputs, and transmission shafts are installed with pre-loading by swirling.

56. Machine on p. 55, characterized in that the input shaft mounted in the housing, is equipped with a movable block of three cylindrical gears installed with alternate engagement with two gears on the intermediate shaft, the input shaft freely installed and on the intermediate shaft fixedly mounted bevel gears that mesh with similar bevel gears on the output shaft, bevel gear on the input shaft embedded cylindrical gear with internal toothing interoperable with third gear mentioned block.

57. Machine on p. 55, distinguished by the provisions of the gears, when the control knob of the shift mechanism is located on the front vertical wall of the housing.

58. Machine on p. 55, characterized in that the output shaft with two opposite output shafts and installed perpendicular to the input shaft, opposite mounted through a spacer washer pair of bevel gears being in constant mesh with similar bevel gears mounted on the outer areas of the input and intermediate shafts, the input shaft is equipped with a movable block of three cylindrical gears installed with alternate engagement with two gears on the intermediate shaft and a built-in cylindrical gear with internal toothing, made in bevel gear on the cantilever part of the input shaft.

59. Machine p. 58, characterized in that the additional hub of bevel gear carried by the input shaft via a radial bearing, and the outer side of the hub with built-in gear mounted in the housing at two opposite spaced conical bearings.

60. Machine p. 58, characterized in that the glasses SS="ptx2">

61. Machine for each of the PP.3, 31 and 46, characterized in that the outputs of the gearbox, the inputs and outputs of bevel gear and axle transmission shaft in a closed transmission drive rotor connected siloperedayuschey coupling and the mechanism of force loading, while the latter is installed between one of the outputs of the gearbox and the input bevel gear.

62. Machine p. 61, characterized in that siloperedayuschey coupler represented as two flange of the coupling, the ends of which made napagod center grooves, with this half-coupling mounted on the shafts with a gap between their ends, the gap is placed a disk with a Central hole, covering the ball, and with the holes on the periphery, in which are planted fingers, missed in the U-shaped grooves made on the flanges of the coupling, and forming grooves have a bulge.

63. Machine p. 62, characterized in that the retaining device is made in the form of pins on each coupling half, with half of the cross section of the pins passes semicircular grooves on the trunnion shaft.

64. Machine p. 62, characterized in that the ratio of the gap between the ends of the coupling to the thickness of the disk is (1,6-2,0):1.

65. Machine p. 62, characterized in that the bulge on obrazom, what clutch to reconcile the angular position of the shaft of the main gearbox and inlet gearbox comprises two planted on the shafts of the hub with the coupling halves, each of which is provided with two diverging in opposite directions levers, one of which is fixed perpendicularly to the lever console, in which the threads on the set screw stop with a hemispherical tip that interacts with the lever the other half-coupling, the stops are located on opposite sides of the hub parallel to and opposite each other with the possibility of increasing the range of levers as the piston stops, the clutch is provided with a protective casing.

67. Machine on p. 66, characterized in that the protective casing is made of two halves of the C-shaped section, overlapping along and resting on the levers in the center of the halves of the openings are provided, covering the hub and mount halves between them is made through rings mounted in the concavity and convexity of the halves.

68. Machine under item 66, wherein the hub is fixed on the trunnion shaft by means of pins, half-section which passes through the semi-circular grooves on the pins.

70. Machine on p. 55, characterized in that the driven bevel gear angular bevel gear connected to the splined shaft of the rotor by means of additional splined shaft passing through the hollow gear shaft and the secondary shaft is provided with a shank, protruding beyond the outer end of the hollow shaft.

71. Machine on p. 46, wherein the H-shaped rod is provided with a cylinder, inside which is placed a floating disk associated with the rod.

72. Machine p. 71, characterized in that the rod of variable length attached to the chassis through a link with an oval hole.

73. Machine for each of the PP.46, 71 and 72, characterized in that the axis of the link with oval hole thrust of variable length, the hollow axis of rotation H-shaped rod and the axis of the mounting mechanism of the Autonomous transfer rod is placed in the transverse vertical plane between the two walls of one of the sidewalls of the frame.

74. Machine for each of the PP.46, 48, 62 and 70, characterized in that the angle to the support rod.

 

 
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