The way to increase productivity solodkova thickets and device for its implementation

IPC classes for russian patent The way to increase productivity solodkova thickets and device for its implementation (RU 2125787):

A01D91/02 - Products growing in the soil

A01D25/02 - Machines with rigid tools

Another patents in same IPC classes:

The method of harvesting plants, mainly licorice grown in flooded floodplains along small creeks and taloga / 2123251

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a method of cleaning the roots of plants used primarily for cleaning vegetative propagated crops, such as licorice

The method of harvesting the roots of licorice and machine for its implementation / 2123250

The invention relates to agriculture and the agricultural industry, in particular to methods of cleaning of licorice roots as raw material for tobacco, perfume and food industries, Pharmacopoeia and clinical pharmacology, technical raw materials when creating foam components for the drilling of deep and ultra-deep wells in oil and gas, fire extinguishers, metallurgical industry, etc

The method of harvesting the roots of plants, mainly licorice grown in its natural bush / 2120725

The production method of licorice roots / 2118484

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of extraction plant roots, used mainly in the production of vegetative propagated crops, such as licorice

The method of harvesting solodkova thickets and device for its implementation / 2116719

The method of harvesting the roots of licorice / 2116718

The method of harvesting the roots of plants / 2116023

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a method of cleaning the roots of plants such as licorice

The method of harvesting potatoes / 2062015

Method two-phase harvesting crops / 2040148

The method of harvesting of root and tuber crops / 2032311

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the cleaning of root and tuber crops, such as potatoes

Machine for the production of licorice roots / 2125785

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for harvesting plant roots that lie at a considerable depth, for example licorice

Machine for digging licorice / 2125360

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for harvesting plant roots that lie at a considerable depth, for example licorice root, which has industrial and medicinal value

The method of harvesting the roots of licorice and machine for its implementation / 2123250

A device for removing non-tradable parts of licorice roots / 2122778

The invention relates to the agricultural industry, in particular to a device for cleaning the roots of plants propagated vegetatively, such as licorice (licorice Glycyrrhiza glabra L., Ural licorice Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch

The method of harvesting solodkova thickets and device for its implementation / 2116719

Machine for the production of licorice roots / 2116715

Machine for the production of licorice roots / 2116020

The invention relates to the agricultural industry, in particular to a device for extraction of licorice roots

Cleaning the rotor of the machine for extraction of licorice roots / 2116019

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for harvesting of licorice roots that lie deep

The unit for cleaning of root and tuber crops / 2097957

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for harvesting crops

The way to separate the tops from the roots and device for its implementation / 2090041

The invention relates to agriculture, namely, machines for harvesting crops, mainly potatoes

Method and apparatus for extraction of deep-rootage medicinal plants, including licorice, growing on abandoned, dried out hard and stony soil / 2247483

Method involves cutting surface layer of soil and forming narrow slits to 60-70 cm depth; during slitting, forming water-accumulating channels of different depth and supplying water therein at flow rate of 5-25 l/s; on expiration of 2-3 days, providing digging and extracting rootages. Apparatus has frame mounted on supporting wheels and provided with vertical knives. One knife is positioned in mid portion of frame. Two other knives are positioned at ends of additional beams. Each of vertical knives is made flat, with concave curvilinear cutting edge and chisel at lower end. Soil deforming device with gauged heads is positioned at rear cut of knives. Heads are communicated with pull-type vessel via channels formed in knives bodies and via flexible hoses. Water is supplied from vessel via gauged heads into vertical channels and water-accumulating channels. During 2-3 days water moistens and softens soil to allow simplified extraction of rootages.

(57) Abstract:

The method and the device are designed for agriculture, the method can be used to increase the productivity of natural Solodkova thickets, and a device for cutting connecterra layers of the soil. Spend mowing the aerial parts of plants and cutting the surface layer of the soil with root tails and Karabash. In Solodkova associations determine the age, boundaries and direction of development of root systems. At an angle to this direction taking into account the terrain simultaneously for uninterrupted movement of conduct hack roots and trimming of the vertical and horizontal roots in cracks with variable step and reduce the spacing from the center of the thicket to the outer limits. Each working body 23, 25, 27 for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov made in the form of racks with two blades 37, 38. The blade 37 is made L-shaped vertical portion of which is installed in front of the second vertical blades 38. The frame 14 has an additional beams 18, 20, installed in the cavity of the frame 14 can move along its axis. The frame 14 also has brackets 22, 24, 26 for installation of the racks workers is 20. 2 C. and 35 C.p. f-crystals, 22 ill.

The invention relates to agriculture and the agricultural industry, in particular to methods of increasing the productivity of natural Solodkova (licorice) thickets and devices for cutting connecterra layers of the soil.

A known method of harvesting the roots of plants, mainly licorice containing cutting the upper part of the roots, podkapyvanii and retrieval of conditioned their fractions of land, in which, to prevent wind erosion and drying out of soil, trimming the upper part of the roots is carried out by removing the surface layer of the earth that move without wrapping on the removed part of the field (SU, author's certificate N 904563, class A 01 D 91/02. The method of harvesting the roots of plants //Bondarenko, Y. S. and Mychko I. Ii. Declared 20.08.1980 published 15.02.1982).

The obstacles to achieve the desired technical result when using the known method is the low quality of the extracted roots. When mass production of licorice more than 65% of the roots have a diameter less than 7 mm At the top karastergiou layer is only 15...18% of conditioned roots.

The closest way to the same destination to the claimed objektivnie above-ground parts of plants, cutting the surface layer with root tails and Karabash, move it to a removed area of the field, podkapyvanii and removing the roots from the soil, in which, to improve the completeness of harvesting the roots and improve the reproducibility of licorice, before moving topsoil, removed part of the field to open the furrow with soil roll, then in the furrow laid topsoil, compacted it and cover with a layer of soil, destroying soil swath; to better seal the surface layer of soil before moving to destroy parts (SU authorship, N 1184470, class A 01 D 91/02. The method of harvesting the roots of plants //Bondarenko, Y. S. and Detlev Century A. Stated 26.04.1984 published 15.10.1985). This method we have adopted for the nearest equivalent.

The obstacles to achieve the desired result when using the known method adopted for the nearest equivalent, is that unproductive bushes of licorice, including old-age, before the harvest cut into small pieces, including roots, rhizomes and Karabash. Then cut the pieces in random order placed in layers of soil to a depth of 60 cm and, to save them, repeatedly rolled down. After so the displacement field appeared vegetative and partial shoots from Solodkova roots and Karabash. The number of conditioned roots at harvest for the 9th year in the described way does not exceed 15...20%.

Also known machine for cutting the surface layer of the soil, comprising a frame, on which the bearing is fixed to the drum, equipped with discs. The diameters of the drum and disks are selected so that when rolling the drum on the surface of the soil disks cut surface layer at the depth of the root necks and Karabash. To overcome the efforts of the eject disks from the soil is installed on the frame load (ballast) (refer to the above source of information, including Fig. 3).

Known machine does not provide the desired cutting depth of the layers of the soil. Drives reels maximum depth of cut soil is 10.. . 15 see For separating rope roots, rhizomes and Karabash licorice from the Central parent root is required hack vertical slots a depth of 60-70 cm

The closest device of the same purpose to the declared object on a set of attributes in the part of the device is mounted Ripper PH-60, consisting of a frame with a hinge, two supporting wheels, circular knife with a diameter of 800 mm, rack knife set at an angle of 60^oto Horiz the doctor, extra - M.: Kolos, 1974, S. 447, 118-120 C. (Ripper hinged PH-60).

For reasons that impede the achievement of the technical result when using the known device, taken as the closest analogue in of the device, is that despite the ability of the Ripper PH-60 to perform the crack depth 70 cm, due to the inclination of the rack-knife at an angle to the horizon, on the surface, extract licorice roots and Karabash. Last on the surface thickets licorice dry. Wide slot (up to 60 mm) having a negative impact on the survival rate of licorice roots and new korneobrazovateley. For cutting slots with a variable step takes a long changeover rack-knife, and there are also difficulties associated with the driving unit.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the invention is directed is the provision of conditionnot produced roots.

The effect and the technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention, expressed in increasing the productivity of natural thickets of licorice per unit area by reducing material costs, energy and labor resources for the AI.

The effect and the technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved in that in the known method of increasing the productivity Solodkova thickets, including mowing the aerial parts of plants and cutting the surface layer of the soil with root tails and Karabash, Solodkova associations determine the age, boundaries and directions of development of root systems and at an angle to this direction taking into account the terrain simultaneously with continuous movement are crafts of Kornetov and trimming of the vertical and horizontal roots in cracks with variable step and reduce the spacing from the center of the thicket to the outer border; trim the vertical and horizontal roots and crafts of Kornetov in karastergiou soil layer is conducted perpendicular to the direction of development of the root mass; trim vertical and horizontal roots and crafts of Kornetov performed under an angle of 40... 50^oto the direction of development of the root mass; trim vertical and horizontal roots and crafts of Kornetov combine with the direction of the harvesting of roots, trim the vertical and horizontal roots and crafts of Kornetov carried out towards the development of root systems solomkoyi; oral Kornetov fill with loose soil or soil; a device for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov containing frame bracket for automatic couplers, bearing, wheel, and the working body, the latter is in the form of a rack with two blades, one of which is arranged in an L-shape, the vertical portion of which is installed in front of the second vertical blades, while the frame is provided with an additional beams installed in the cavity of the frame and is provided for movement along its axis, and brackets for installation of the racks of the working bodies, one of which is located in the middle of the frame, and the other two at the ends of the additional beams; additional beam is kinematically connected to the frame opposite the established hydraulic actuators; vertical blade and the blade in an L-shape made of parts of the rack; a horizontal shelf L-shaped blade paired with a rack on the arc of a circle; the cutting edges of the blades of the working body is formed of a one-sided sharpening frontal areas; sharpening angle racks of blades is made equal to 18...21^o; working body for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov made in the form of a rack with two blades, one is the front of the blade, the horizontal section of the rear blade paired with a rack on the arc of a circle; the cutting edge of the front blade is inclined to the horizon at an angle of 65...75^o; the cutting edge of the horizontal section of the blade L-shaped tilted to the side wall at an angle of 70...80^o; working body for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov made in the form of a rack with two blades, one of which is arranged in an L-shape, and the other is vertical and installed in the alignment of the vertical part of the blade is L-shaped, with the end sections of the blades are placed bits for crafts of Kornetov; the bit for crafts of cornered made in the form of a parallelepiped with a cutting edge on the front; the cutting edge of the bit is formed by sharpening one of the faces of a parallelepiped, made an angle of 30...35^o; at least one of the faces of the bit at the ends of the blades rack mounted horizontally; the working body for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov made in the form of a rack with two blades, one of which is set obliquely to the direction of movement, the other in an L-shape is placed over the sloping blade, while on the cantilever part of the horizontal is of orphoto; the wide face of the bit for crafts of cornered on a horizontal shelf L-shaped blades mounted parallel to the side surface of the stand; the wide face of the bit for crafts of cornered on the inclined blade set at an angle of 3...5^oto the horizon; the working body for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov made in the form of a rack with two blades, one of which is arranged in an L-shape with inclined to the direction of movement of the cutting edges on the vertical and horizontal sections, and the rear blade is installed in the target for L-shaped, has a height rack shaped cutting edge, with the end sections of the blades are supplied by bits for crafts of Kornetov; the bit for crafts of cornered made in the form of a removable rod that is installed in the blade holder; rod holder is made in the form of a sleeve with a sloping cut on the front end; one-sided blade on the rack working body in the mirror; the working body for cutting karastergiou reservoir and crafts of cornered made in the form of a rack formed by pairing two sides with one-sided slanted frontal areas, while the cutting blade is made inclined, and rear l is each of which is designed as a removable annular knife mounted in the bearing Cup; removable circular knife mounted on the outer groove of the support Cup, made on the front end portion; the supporting body is made of radially directed grooves for dismantling removable annular knife; the inner cavity of the support body is made in two different truncated cones connected by their small bases, removable annular blade knife is supplied with a one-sided sharpening on the inner surface, the angle of sharpening unilateral removable blade circular knife is made equal to 15...18^o; front conical section of the support body is made with an angle of inclination of the generatrix of its surface to the axis of the glass is equal to the angle of sharpening removable annular knife; supporting the glass provided with an annular shoulder and set them on the arc space formed by the sidewalls of the rack; one-sided slanted side of the rack are sharpening angle within 11...13^o.

Due to the fact that in Solodkova associations carry out trimming of the vertical and horizontal roots and crafts of Kornetov on two levels, is the formation of root mass in a given direction, and cut the roots from axillary buds new vegetati khnicheskie result.

Spent an analysis of the level of technology and engineering, including searching by the patent and scientific and technical information sources and identify sources that contain information about the equivalents of the claimed invention, has allowed to establish that applicants are not detected analogues characterized by signs, identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "novelty" by applicable law.

To verify compliance of the claimed invention to the requirement of "inventive step" applicants conducted an additional search of the known solutions in order to identify characteristics that match the distinctive features of the prototype of the characteristics of the claimed invention, the results of which show that the claimed invention is not necessary for the expert in the obvious way from the prior art because the prior art, certain applicants not identified impact provided the essential features of the claimed invention transformations to achieve a technical result.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "izobretatelskih. 1 shows the layout of natural Solodkova thickets (for example, an irrigated site in OPH "Irrigated" all-Russian research Institute of irrigated agriculture, 1997), zone distribution, broken down by age groups, the development of the main root mass and movement of the unit when the trimming of the vertical and horizontal roots and crafts of Kornetov (dotted lines), type in the plan.

In Fig. 2 - section a-a in Fig. 1, the cross section of vertical and horizontal cracks and cavities of Kornetov.

In Fig. 3 - a device for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov, type in the plan.

In Fig. 4 - same, right view.

In Fig. 5 - working body for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov, simplified option when placing the first blade L-shaped front vertical blades in the axonometric image.

In Fig. 6 - working body for cutting connecterra layers of soil in a variant of embodiment with two blades, one of which is arranged inclined to the direction of movement, and the other is L-shaped and mounted in the alignment of the front blade in the axonometric sobre, type in the plan.

In Fig. 10 - working body for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov in a variant of embodiment of the rack with two blades, one of which is made of vertical and mounted in alignment with the vertical portion of the blade is L-shaped and bits for crafts of Kornetov in the axonometric image.

In Fig. 11 - working body for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov in the variant design with two blades, one of which is set obliquely to the direction of movement, the other in an L-shape is placed over the sloped edge with bits on the ends for crafts of Kornetov, front view.

In Fig. 12 - same view on the left.

In Fig. 13 - same view in the plan.

In Fig. 14 - working body for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov in a variant of embodiment of the rack with two blades, one of which is arranged in an L-shape with inclined to the direction of movement of the cutting edges on the vertical and horizontal sections, and the rear blade is installed in the target for L-shaped, has a height rack shaped cutting edge with bits in view of the CLASS="ptx2">

In Fig. 16 is the same, right view.

In Fig. 17 - same view in the plan.

In Fig. 18 - working body for cutting karastergiou reservoir and crafts of Kornetov made in a variant of embodiment of the rack formed by the pairing of the two side walls with one-sided slanted frontal areas, front blade rack is made inclined, and the rear blade is L-shaped end sections of the blades are placed bits for crafts of Kornetov with interchangeable circular knives in the bearing cups, left side.

In Fig. 19 - the same, front view.

In Fig. 20 - same view in the plan.

In Fig. 21 - a section b-B in Fig. 20, the position of the replaceable annular knife on the supporting glass.

In Fig. 22 - a section b-b In Fig. 20, radially directed groove in the bearing Cup to dismount a removable annular knife.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention are as follows.

Before beginning crafts vertical and horizontal cracks and Kornetov on the surface area determine the contours of the natural Solodkova thickets (see Fig. 1). The outer limit 1 in thickets licorice is determined by the height and the number of partial odnale Radelet the size and shape of the border 2, occupied by the roots of licorice at the age of three to four years. In zone 3 between the boundaries 1 and 2 specify the age of the roots and rhizomes of licorice. To do this, make excavations soil layer with dimensions of control plots 0,4x0,4 M. the Excavations carried out in the trench depth up to 0.6 m Remove the roots and rhizomes. A special knife makes a clean cross section of the root and the annual rings of growth determine the age in zone 3. Border 4 in the Central part Solodkova pins set the oppressed types of vegetative shoots. The older licorice hedge, the less the height of vegetative shoots. Pegs height of 0.7...1.0 m mark the border 4 in zone 5. To make the stakes and markers on the borders of 1, 2 and 4 were distinguishable, they hang flags of red, green and yellow colors. Between boundaries 1, 2 and 4 will be designated as zone 3, 5 and 6. In the Central zone 5 beam vegetative shoots determine the position of the parent root 7. For this purpose, the surface layer of soil with hands open at depth 7...12 cm and clarify the structure spiritoso root the correctness of the center Solodkova thickets, i.e. the parent of the root. Centers 7 Solodkova thickets represent benchmarks with tags white. From frames to the left and right measure passes AG is 10 and 11 (see Fig. 2). The passages of the unit for cutting the vertical and horizontal layers in Fig. 1 indicated by the dotted lines 11.

In zones 5 frames mark the first passages for crafts vertical slots, horizontal slots and longline located Kornetov. Milestones for the first pass of the tractor unit is installed either perpendicular to the direction of development of the root mass licorice 12 or at an angle , a preferred value which is in the range 40...50^o. From milestones left and right measure passes Assembly for cutting on a vertical layers connecterra layers of the soil. In zones 5 from benchmarks and milestones mark the passages for crafts slits 8 and Kornetov 11 at a distance of 3.0...3.5 m from each other. In zones 6 the distance between the slits 8 is reduced to 1.8 to 2.0 m Doing equidistant from each other, the slit 8 in zones 3 form kornegay 11 with a step between them and 1.2. . . 1.4 meters Vertical slit 8 is formed of a width not exceeding 2 cm at a depth of up to 60...70 see Horizontal slit 9 perform at a depth of 25 to 30 cm from the surface of the field. The width of the cutting in a horizontal cracks should not exceed 20. . . 25 see At the end of the horizontal slit 9 is formed Cornejo 10 top level in the form of loosened cylinder. The diameter of cornered 1 is of cornered 11 may be made in the form of a square, rectangle, circle, or other geometric shapes. Kornegay 10 and 11 can be created by tilling the soil or arable horizon.

On the straight parts of the terrain at an angle to the direction of development of root systems licorice taking into account terrain simultaneously with continuous movement are crafts of Kornetov and trimming of the vertical and horizontal roots in cracks with variable step and reduce the distance between them from the centre a thicket by its lower border. On the primary crop rotation fields, fallow lands, meadows or riparian lowlands cutting vertical and horizontal roots and crafts of Kornetov in karastergiou layer are usually perpendicular to the direction of development of the root mass licorice. On limited areas and in highly elongated in the length of the natural forms thickets are trimming roots and crafts of Kornetov at an angle of 40...50^oto the direction of development of the root mass. This is achieved by reducing the number of turns the unit on the external boundary of the site and enhances productivity. When working on niedobitek, manes and floodplains, spoil and soil because of the difficult terrain and the size of angles of slope greater than 20

^{In terms of floodplains, where in spring the soil is flooded to 1.5. . .2,0 m water layer, trimming the vertical and horizontal roots and crafts of Kornetov carried out towards the development of root systems in Solodkova Association. But in this application always adhere to the following Golden rules: directions pruning should be perpendicular to the water flow during floods. This excludes soil erosion by water and ensured preservation of the natural grass.}

^{When flooding of the floodplain water through slots 8 and 9 enters kornegay 10 and 11. Sucking and skeletal licorice roots occupy kornegay 10 and 11. Within two to three years of the root mass licorice fills these spaces. In the extraction of licorice roots mechanised way in corneto 10 and 11, the length of entire pieces of roots reaches 5. ..6 m This factor in further turns out the non-summer period when pruning the roots of licorice and crafts of Kornetov aboveground shoots licorice and other plants do not hinder the performance of the process. In the autumn the stems of plants and herbs become brittle, most of them have paniclog and shoots licorice reach a diameter of up to 2...2.5 cm and a height of up to 1.5...1.8 m This leads to the fact that the racks of the working bodies for pruning of roots they hang and prevent the execution of the workflow. For this reason stems okuchivaut and milled. The crushed stalks spread over the surface of the thickets.}

^{Device for cutting connecterra layers and crafts of Kornetov (see Fig. 3 and 4) includes a frame 14, an arm 15 for automatic couplers, wheels 16 and 17, the left telescopic beam 18, the hydraulic actuator 19 of the left beam 18, the right telescopic beam 20, the hydraulic actuator 21 right beam 20, the mounting bracket 22 hours working body 23 on the frame 14 of the device, the bracket 24 attaching the stand of the working body 25 on the left telescopic beam 18 and the bracket 26 attaching the stand of the working body 27 on the right telescopic beam 20. Left telescopic beam 18 and right telescopic beam 20 is installed in the cavity of the frame 14 and is provided for movement along its axis.}

^{The frame 14 is in the form of a hollow beam section HH mm Bracket 22 is placed in the middle part of rpki frame 14 is connected by welded seams and gussets 28 and 29. The wheels 16 and 17 with a spherical rim diameter of the sphere equal to 600 mm, set in forks 30 through a fixed axis 31. In the hub 32 of the wheels 16 and 17 posted by pairs of roller bearings and seals in through the covers. In the middle part of the frame 14 by a pair of closed welds fixed bracket 22 for mounting the rack of the working body 23 (see Fig. 3-5). Additional beams 18 and 20 kinematically connected to the frame 14 opposite the established hydraulic actuators 19 and 21.}

^{On the console sections of the left and right telescopic beams 18 and 20 that are installed symmetrically from the middle of the frame 14, welds fixed brackets 24 and 26 of the uprights of the side of the working bodies 25 and 27. Telescopic beams 18 and 20 kinematically connected to the frame 14 and is made of hollow cross-section HH mm offset from the brackets 24 and 26 of the uprights of the working bodies 25 and 27 of the device on the console sections of the telescopic beams 18 and 20 posted by brackets 33 and 34 of the hydraulic actuators 19 and 21. The hydraulic cylinders 19 and 21 presents long stroke hydraulic power cylinders double-acting. The Foundation of the power cylinder is installed opposite to the brackets 35 and 36 placed on the rear vertical shelf timber frame 14.}

^{The working body 23 (25, 27) on the I blades 37 and 38. In the upper mounting portion 39 of each rack of the working body 23 (25, 27) made three holes 40 with a diameter of 32^+0,8mm with a pitch between centers of holes equal 1500,5 mm Mounting part 39 of the uprights of the working bodies 23, 25 and 27 secured by three bolts 41 (MH), nuts M30 through the flat washers and spring washers. Shear mounting bolts 41, mounted in the same holes of the brackets 22, 24 and 26, is limited to the front and rear lugs 42 and 43. The blade 37 is made L-shaped and has a horizontal shelf 44 and a vertical blade at the front of the rack of the working body 23 (25, 27). The second blade 38 mounted to the rear vertical section and in alignment with the front blade 37. The cutting edges 45 and 46 of the blades 37 and 38 are formed of one-sided sharpening frontal areas hours of the working body 23 (25, 27). The sharpening angle of the blades 37 and 38 are made equal to 18...21^o. Vertical blade 38 and the blade 37 of L-shaped form made with a vertical slice of the rack of the working body 23 (25, 27). A horizontal shelf 44 of L-shaped blade 37 is associated with the stand of the working body 23 (25, 27) along the arc of a circle. The radius of the arc of a circle must be at least 50 mm, This eliminates the sticking of soil in place with their mates and overhanging roots. Blades 37 and 38 are made on the right side of CTL Kornetov, presented on Fig. 6-9, is designed for operation on heavy soils and soils rich in roots of plants and shrubs. Hour of the working body 23 (25, 27) has two blades 47 and 48. The blade 48 is made on the rear of the working body 23 (25, 27), installed in the alignment of the vertical part of the blade 47 and has an L-shape. The blade 47 is made on the front side of the stand of the working body 23. The blades 47 and 48 are one-sided sharpening. The cutting edge 49 of the blade 47 on the front side of the stand of the working body 23 (25, 27) has an angle of inclination to the horizon, a preferred value which is in the range 65...75^o. The blade 48 is equipped with a horizontal shelf 50. Shelf 50 is associated with the back rack of the working body 23 along the arc of a circle. The front part of the shelf 50 has a cutting edge 51. The cutting edge 51 of the horizontal shelf 50 is tilted to the side wall of the hours of the working body 23 (25, 27) at an angle of 70...80^oor perpendicular to it. The inclination of the cutting edge 51 to the side wall of the hours of the working body 23 at a selected angle to the direction of movement is provided by a sloped cut 52, made on the back of the blade 47.}

In Fig. 10 in the axonometric image shows the working body 23 (25, 27) for sections 10 and 11 (see Fig. 2). Bits 53 and 54 mounted on the end sections of the horizontal shelf 44 of the blade 37 in an L-shape and vertical blades 38. Bits 53 and 54 for crafts of Kornetov 10 and 11 made, for example, in the form of a parallelepiped with cutting edges 55 on the front end. At least one of the faces of the bit 53 or 54 at the ends of the blades 37 and 38 mounted horizontally. Cutting edge 55 on the front side of the bit 53 (54) is formed by sharpening one of the faces of a parallelepiped, made an angle of 30...35^o. The wide face of the parallelepiped (the basis of the bit 53 is set to the end of the horizontal shelf 44 parallel to the side wall of the hours of the working body 23, and the bit 54 is perpendicular to it.

In Fig. 11-13 presents the working body 23 (25, 27) for cutting connecterra layers and crafts of Kornetov, which is made in the form of a rack with two blades 47 and 46. The blade 47 is set obliquely to the direction of movement. Another blade 48 is L-shaped and placed for sloped blade 47. On the outer end of the horizontal shelf 50 of the rear blade 48 mounted chisel 53 for crafts of Kornetov 10 in the upper level of occurrence of the roots. On the lower area of the front inclined blade 47 is mounted chisel 54 for crafts of Kornetov 11 is tone working body 23, The wide face of the bit 54 on the lower section of the blade 47 is installed at an angle of 3...5^oto the horizon. This provides a steady course hours working body 23 to a depth of karastergiou soil layer.

In Fig. 14-17 shows a variant of embodiment of the working body 23 (25, 27) for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov, which contains a counter with two blades 37 and 38. The cutting blade 37 is made on the front view L-shaped with inclined cutting edges 45 to the direction of movement on a vertical part and a horizontal shelf 44. The rear blade 38 is installed in the target for the L-shaped blade 37 and has a shape of a cutting edge 46 on the front side of the stand of the working body 23 (25, 27). The end sections of the blades 37 and 38 are supplied by bits 56 and 57 that are installed with the option to install and dismantle the holders, respectively, 58 and 59. Bits 56 and 57 are made in the form of rods. Frontal sections 58 of the rods is made with a bevel that forms the blade 60. The blade 60 is inclined to the axis of the rod at an angle of 25...27^o. The holder 58 (59) of the core drill bit 56 (57) is made in the form of a sleeve. The holders 58 and 59 at their front ends are inclined sections 61. Sections 61 to the geometric axis holds the Oh and right walls of the hours of the working body 23 (25, 27). The geometric axis of the holder 59 is inclined at an angle of 3...5^oto the horizon, and the axis of symmetry of the holder 58 is installed parallel to the direction of movement.

In Fig. 18-20 presents the working body 23 (25, 27) for cutting karastergiou reservoir and crafts of Kornetov, which has a different design than the one described above. Hour of the working body 23 (25, 27) is made of two side walls 62 and 63 (sheet metal thickness 8...10 mm). The sidewalls 62 and 63 are interconnected by resistance welding to form a single item. On the front of the sidewalls 62 and 63 are made bevels 64 and 65, which form a pair of oblique dihedral blade 66. The cutting edge of the blade 66 is inclined to the horizon at an angle of 70...80^o. One-sided bevels 64 and 65 on the side walls 62 and 63 have a sharpening angle of 11...13^o. On the back rack of the working body 23 (25, 27) performed two slice: one vertical, which forms the rear part of the inclined blades 66; the second cut is made at an angle and it made a unilateral bevel 67 and 68. One-sided bevels 67 and 68 at the front of the working body 23 is made in the mirror image. Rear cut hours working body 23 (25, 27) is bent in an arc of a circle, which forms the rear blade 69 L-shaped. Final uchastki 71 form an arc the site for installation of bearing cups 74. Arc 72 and 73 on the rear blade 69 reinforce the supporting glass 75.

Bearing cups 74 and 75 is equal and identical in design. The front part of the cups 74 (75) equipped with an external groove 76 (see Fig. 21). The groove 76 is fitted with a removable annular knife 77. On the outer surface of the Cup 74 (75) with offset back from the groove 76 is made of a forward annular flange 78, and the rear part of the flange 79. Anchor glass 74 placed his shoulder 78 and 79 on the arc space of the blade 66. Arc 70 and 71 of the side walls 63 and 62 are connected by resistance welding to the outer surface of the supporting glass 74 or open-loop intermittent welding seams with exposed areas of the shoulder 78 and 79. Anchor glass 75 similarly placed on the arcs 72 and 73 of the rear blade 69.

The internal cavity of the support Cup 74 (75) is performed in two different truncated cones 80 and 81, connected by their small bases. At each sample Cup 74 (75) is performed radially directed grooves 82 for dismantling removable annular knife 77. The grooves 82 is made in the median plane of the supporting glass 75 (74) (see Fig. 22). Removable circular knife mounted on the outer groove 76 of the support Cup 74 (75), made on frontalini. Sharpening angle unilateral blade 83 is made equal to 15...18^o. The front conical section 80 of the support Cup 74 (75) is performed with the angle of inclination of the generatrix of its surface to the axis of the Cup 75 (74) is equal to the angle of sharpening one-sided blade 83 removable annular knife 77.

Device for cutting connecterra layers and crafts of Kornetov works as follows.

In Solodkova associations after all the preparatory works on the borders of the age groups, the contours, the direction of development of the root mass, above-ground parts licorice mower grinder CYRUS-1,5 BM in Assembly with a tractor MTZ-80 is cut and shredded and chopped stems spread over the surface area. The height of the stubble stems licorice and associated grass set in the range of 0.10..,.0,12 m Crushed stalks and stubble does not hinder the performance of technological operations - cutting karastergiou soil layer and the crafts of Kornetov. Mowing and shredding ground shoots licorice is carried out in the autumn period from 15 September until the first frost (down to -10^oC on the ground). During this period, the stems are more brittle. In the spring and summer periods when great flexibility overhead is removable bracket automatic couplers, the lower longitudinal thrust of the hinge attached to the tractor (class pull 3 or 4, W-130, DT-75, T-150, T-150K, T-4M and others) and the Central upper link is connected with him on a three-point scheme of arrangement, the frame 14 of the device through the bracket 15 is connected to the tractor. Change the top link attachment of the tractor in the desired position racks working bodies 23, 25 and 27 in depth articles cracks equal to 45...60 cm, get the vertical position of the front bracket 15 for automatic couplers. The passages of the unit on the surface Solodkova Association marked milestones with check boxes corresponding colors. When you change the color of the flag on milestone tractor operator changes the position of the right and left telescopic beams 18 and 20 on the frame 14 of the device. The movement of the unit starting from the center of the thicket 7 or line passing through the center thickets (YEAH - direction of motion of the aggregate), (see Fig. 1).

Managing the Central handle section hydrosaluric, the frame 14 of the device is transferred into the working position. Upon contact of the lower edges of the blades 38 of the uprights of the working bodies 23, 25 and 27 of the tractor includes a given gear attached to the tractor and at operating speed in the range of 3.6-7.2 km/h starts to move. When the device movement began on the umbrella. Each flange 46 cuts topsoil and roots in it. Unilateral blades 38 layers of soil are cut vertically. The inclination of the cutting edge 46 of the blade 38 facilitates the cutting of the roots of licorice and related plants. With increasing depth of the slit vertical reaction of topsoil increases, however, the active force is the weight of the device exceeds it. For this reason, the hours of working bodies 23, 25 and 27 penetrate into the soil and the soil. When the depth of the rack of the working body 23 (25, 27) the cutting edge 45 of the front-sided blade 37 relates to the field surface. Raising the capacity of the rack 23 (25, 27) increases dramatically. Because of the large magnitude of the vertical component of the reaction pressure from the upper soil layer, a horizontal shelf 44 of the blade 37 of the L-shaped rushes into the topsoil, and the blade 38 is in mainland horizon. The depth of the rack of the working body 23 (25, 27) ends only when the rims of the wheels 16 and 17 will touch the surface of the field. When done correctly, the original adjustment cutting edges 45 and 48 of the blades 37 and 38 occupy a vertical position, and the blade shelf 44 - horizontal position. If spherical wheels and support wheels 16 and 17 reserve the rut GLOBIO traction hydraulics of the tractor will increase. If the wheels 16 and 17 of the frame 14 of the device do not touch the surface of the soil, the length of the top link of the tractor hydraulics change downward.

When driving the tractor cutting edges 45 of the horizontal shelves 44 are cut the soil layer width...0,25 0,20 m Simultaneously are cut vertically directed the roots and rhizomes of licorice. The cutting edges 46 of the blades 38 with a step between them 1,20...1.4 m in zone 5 (see Fig. 1) vertically cut layers of soil with horizontal and inclined directional licorice roots. When meeting with the cutting edges 46 of the roots and rhizomes of licorice cut and without disturbing the mainland layer remain in the horizon to 60...70 see In the formed vertical slots in the autumn and winter arrive precipitation. Water flows into the lower soil horizons, increasing the total stock of soil moisture. Together with this through-wall cracks is aeration of the soil and the soil. In the spring of next year from axillary buds roots and rhizomes of licorice awaken and begin to develop the processes of vegetative shoots and sucking roots. Above-ground shoots, due to increased moisture reserves and loosened soil layers, in the spring, particularly in the first half of the summer intensive razvivautsya summer of above-ground stems licorice outflow nutritional and medicinal substances. The annual increase in the thickness of the roots to the period established frost reaches 200...280% compared with control. It is also caused by the fact that the plant is not "driving" long (40 m) rope roots nutrients to the parent root. Cut a vertical slit 8 and the horizontal slit 9 contribute to the orientation of the roots, i.e. their development in a given direction, is suitable for machine production, while industrial mass preparation of conditioned roots and rhizomes.

When working on heavy soils with shrubs on the brackets 22, 24 and 26 establish hours of working bodies 23, 25 and 27, shown in Fig. 6-9. When executing a process, the first is a vertical slit to a depth of 0.6...0.7 m, and only then is the horizontal trim to a depth of 0.25...0,30 m In the rest of the process is performed as described above.

The efficiency of the root system development licorice increases dramatically if the rooting zone in advance are kornegay 10 and 11. In the prescribed manner to the brackets 22, 24 and 26 establish hours of working bodies 23, 25 and 27, shown in Fig. 10-13. When the transfer frame 14 from the transport position into the working position putautsya in the soil layer and carry hours of working bodies 23, 25 and 27. The cutting edge 46 of the blade 38 (see Fig. 10) vertical cuts karastergiou soil layer. Later in the work shall become the cutting edge 55 of the bit 53 mounted on a horizontal shelf 44. The cutting edge 45 of the horizontal shelf 44 of L-shaped blades 37 carries in the ground the bit 54 of the blade 38 and with it the vertical cutting edge 45 of the blade 37. When the desired depth in the steady movement of the blade 37 performs the part of the vertical slit 8, the horizontal slit 9 and the cavity of cornered 10. The cross-section of cornered 10 will correspond to the cross section of the bit 53, Oral cornered 10 is communicated through a horizontal slit 9 and the vertical slit 8 with the atmosphere. The cutting edge 46 of the blade 38 forms the lower portion of the vertical slit 8. The bit 54 forms a cavity of cornered 11. Cornejo 11 vertical slit 8 is connected with the surface area occupied by licorice.

The cutting edges 45 and 46 of the blades 37 and 38, as well as the cutting edges 55 bits 53 and 54 produce cutting sucking roots, Karabash, rope roots and rhizomes of licorice. Blades 38 and 37 from single family rhizomes of licorice separate groups for Autonomous development. Through the walls of the slots 8 and 9 and cavities of Kornetov 10 and 11 is aeration of the soil is prohibited, the annual increment of aboveground shoots with timely perform this operation provides three to four times more than the control. In oral Kornetov 10 and 11 rushing sucking and skeletal roots. As filling cavities of Kornetov 10 and 11 soil and excess moisture, new roots licorice acquire a given orientation. From the aerial shoots in September and the first half of November in the outflow of nutrients and drugs. The diameter of licorice roots increases. The width of annual growth on rhizomes of licorice reaches 2...3 mm, whereas in the control of only 0.3. . . 0.6 mm above-ground shoots acquire strict orientation along the slots 8 and 9 and over cornertime 10 and 11. Get artificial protective plantations of plants licorice able to minimize water erosion during flooding of the floodplain. In the upper tier of Kornetov 11 formed new roots of licorice roots. The upper tier of Kornetov 10 is performed in the layer 0...30 cm, and the bottom tier of Kornetov 11 in the layer 30...60 see

The performance of Kornetov 10 and 11 is increased if the blade 60 on the rods bits 56 and 57 (see Fig. 14-17) always have sharp cutting edges. As wear of the blade 60 bits 56 and 57 sharpen by hand, and when mA and 11 performs an annular removable knives 77, mounted in the bearing cups 75 and 74. Soil and soil knives 77 is cut in the form of a cylinder. Cut part of the soil goes first on the inner cone 80 of the support Cup 74 (75), where it is compressed in radial directions, then deformirovanii soil enters the rear cone 81 and bursts of agronomically valuable fractions. Oral Kornetov 10 and 11 remain filled with soil. The rest of the technological process is the same.

Thus, the above data confirm that the implementation of the use of the claimed invention the following cumulative conditions:
method and means embodying the claimed invention in its implementation, are intended for use in agriculture and agricultural engineering;
for the claimed invention in the form as it is described in the independent clauses the following claims, confirmed the possibility of its implementation using the above described in the application or known before the priority date tools and techniques;
the tool embodying the claimed invention in its implementation, is able to achieve a perceived applicants Techna applicability under current law.

1. The way to increase productivity Solodkova thickets, including mowing the aerial parts of plants and cutting the surface layer of the soil with root tails and Karabash, characterized in that Solodkova associations determine the age, boundaries and directions of development of root systems and at an angle to this direction taking into account the terrain simultaneously with continuous movement are crafts of Kornetov and trimming of the vertical and horizontal roots in cracks with variable step and reduce the spacing from the center of the thicket to the outer border.

2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the cutting vertical and horizontal roots and crafts of Kornetov in karastergiou soil layer is conducted perpendicular to the direction of development of the root mass.

3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the cutting vertical and horizontal roots and crafts of Kornetov performed under an angle of 40 - 50^oto the direction of development of the root mass.

4. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the cutting vertical and horizontal roots and crafts of Kornetov combine with the direction of the harvesting of the roots from the soil layers.

5. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that Thu is Revich systems Solodkova Association.

6. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that kornegay perform on two levels.

7. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that kornegay are in the form of cavities, sealed walls.

8. The method according to p. 1 and 7, characterized in that the cavity of Kornetov fill with loose soil or soil.

9. Device for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov containing frame bracket for automatic couplers, wheels and a working body, characterized in that the working body for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov made in the form of a rack with two blades, one of which is arranged in an L-shape, the vertical portion of which is installed in front of the second vertical blades, while the frame is provided with an additional beams installed in the cavity of the frame and is provided for movement along its axis, and brackets for installation of the racks of the working bodies, one of which is located in the middle of the frame, and the other two at the ends of the additional beams.

10. The device according to p. 9, wherein the additional beam is kinematically connected to the frame f mounted hydraulic drives.

11. Ustroystvo">

12. The device according to p. 9, characterized in that the horizontal shelf L-shaped blade paired with a rack on the arc of a circle.

13. The device according to p. 9, characterized in that the cutting edges of the blades of the working body is formed of a one-sided sharpening frontal areas.

14. The device according to PP.9 and 13, characterized in that the angle sharpening blades rack is made of 18 - 21^o.

15. The device according to p. 9, characterized in that the working body for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov made in the form of a rack with two blades, one of which is arranged inclined to the direction of movement, and the other is L-shaped and mounted in alignment with the front of the blade, while the horizontal part of the rear blade paired with a rack on the arc of a circle.

16. The device according to p. 15, characterized in that the cutting edge of the front blade is inclined to the horizon at an angle of 65 - 75^o.

17. The device according to p. 15, characterized in that the cutting edge is a horizontal section of the blade L-shaped tilted to the side wall at an angle of 70 - 80^o.

18. The device according to p. 9, characterized in that the working body for cutting connecterra layers pourpose - vertical and mounted in alignment with the vertical portion of the blade is L-shaped, with the end sections of the blades are placed bits for crafts of Kornetov.

19. The device according to PP.9 and 18, characterized in that the bit for crafts of cornered made in the form of a parallelepiped with a cutting edge on the front.

20. The device according to p. 19, characterized in that the cutting edge of the bit is formed by sharpening one of the faces of a parallelepiped, made an angle of 30 - 35^o.

21. The device under item 18, characterized in that at least one of the faces of the bit at the ends of the blades racks are installed horizontally.

22. The device according to p. 9, characterized in that the working body for cutting karastergiou soil layer and crafts of Kornetov made in the form of a rack with two blades, one of which is set obliquely to the direction of movement, the other in an L-shape is placed over the sloping blade, while on the cantilever part of the horizontal section of the rear edge and at the lower section of the front blade mounted bits for crafts of Kornetov.

23. The device according to p. 22, characterized in that the wide face of the bit for crafts of cornered on a horizontal shelf L-obrzeg is that the wide face of the bit for crafts of cornered on the inclined blade is angled 3 - 5^oto the horizon.

25. The device according to p. 9, characterized in that the working body for cutting connecterra layers of soil and crafts of Kornetov made in the form of a rack with two blades, one of which is arranged in an L-shape with inclined to the direction of movement of the cutting edges on the vertical and horizontal sections, and the rear blade is installed in the target for L-shaped, has a height rack shaped cutting edge, with the end sections of the blades are supplied by bits for crafts of Kornetov.

26. The device according to p. 25, wherein the bit for crafts of cornered made in the form of a removable rod that is installed in the blade holder.

27. The device according to p. 26, wherein the rod holder is made in the form of a sleeve with a sloping cut on the front end.

28. The device according to p. 25, characterized in that the one-sided bevels of the blade at the front working body in the mirror.

29. The device according to p. 9, characterized in that the working body for cutting karastergiou reservoir and crafts of Kornetov made in the form of a rack formed by pairing two sides with one-sided slanted frontal areas, when atlasui placed bits for crafts of Kornetov, each of which is designed as a removable circular knife mounted in the bearing Cup.

30. The device according to p. 29, characterized in that the removable circular knife mounted on the outer groove of the support Cup, made on the front end part.

31. The device according to p. 29, characterized in that the supporting body is made of radially directed grooves for dismantling removable annular knife.

32. The device according to p. 29, characterized in that the internal cavity of the support body is made in two different truncated cones connected by their small bases.

33. The device according to p. 29, characterized in that the removable annular blade knife is supplied with a one-sided sharpening on the inner surface.

34. The device according to p. 33, characterized in that the grinding angle unilateral removable blade circular knife is made equal to 15 - 18^o.

35. The device according to p. 29, characterized in that the conical front section of the support body is made with an angle of inclination of the generatrix of its surface to the axis of the glass is equal to the angle of sharpening removable annular knife.

36. The device according to p. 29, characterized in that the supporting glass provided with the annular flange is causesa fact, that one-sided slanted sidewalls have an angle sharpening between 11 and 13^o.