Method for improving natural thickets of licorice and tillage tool for its implementation

IPC classes for russian patent Method for improving natural thickets of licorice and tillage tool for its implementation (RU 2180997):

A01D91/02 - Products growing in the soil

A01B49/02 - with two or more soil-working tools of different kind

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(57) Abstract:

The method includes mowing and shredding in the form of cutting vegetative shoots licorice and related plants in Association unproductive vegetation, the distribution of the crushed mass on the surface of the beveled array, cutting slits on the prepared areas. On a busy wild plants licorice local ecotype of the site and adjacent areas on the periphery of each circuit associated grasses in Solodkova Association preferably perpendicular to the direction of the cardinal points North-South, mainly in late autumn period when reaching the soil moisture in the root zone horizon 70-80% lower capacity for continuous movement simultaneously with the cutting of the slits do wells. The diameter of the holes of 0.15-0.25 m, with a depth of 0.08 to 0.15 m For each square meter perform 2 - 5 holes. The centers of the holes combine with the middle of the slit. Slit cut into a width of 0,005-0,010 m to a depth of 0.2-0.3 m Preferred step between the cracks of 0.8-1.2 m Meats cracks and crafts holes perform tillage tool, which contains a frame, bracket, hinge, wheels, ballast boxes, sections batteries with discs in the front row, the section of the battery with disks ass what redstem of spools disc knives. The disk diameter of 600-800 mm at a thickness of 5-10 mm In sections batteries back in target disk knives batteries in the front row are installed on the shafts by means of spools cut spherical disks with a diameter of 0.5-0.6 m Increases the productivity of natural thickets of licorice when the reduction in unit material costs due to vertical cutting of roots and rhizomes. 2 S. and 1 C.p. f-crystals, 7 Il.

The invention is intended for a radical improvement of natural (wild) thickets licorice as licorice raw materials for the pharmaceutical, confectionery, canning, chemical, perfume, food and some special industries.

A known method of harvesting the roots of plants, mainly licorice containing cutting the upper part of the roots, podkapyvanii and retrieval of conditioned their fractions of land, in which, to prevent wind erosion and drying out of soil, trimming the upper part of the roots is carried out by removing the surface layer of the earth, move it around without wrapping on the removed part of the field (SU auth. St. 904563, CL 01 And D 91/02, declared 20.06.1980 published 15.02.1982).

The obstacles to achieve the desired technical effect of the th plant, mainly liquorice, including mowing aboveground parts of the plant, cutting the surface layer with root tails and Karabash, move it to a removed area of the field, podkapyvanii and removing the roots from the soil, in which, to improve the completeness of harvesting the roots and improve the reproducibility of licorice, before moving surface soil layer to the cleaned area of the field open furrow with soil roll, then in the furrow laid topsoil, compacted it and cover with a layer of soil, destroying soil swath; to better seal the surface layer of soil before moving cut into pieces (SU auth. St. 1184470, CL 01 And D 91/02, declared 26.04.1984 published 15.10.1985).

For the reason that impede the achievement of the desired result in the application of the known method is that unproductive bushes before the harvest cut into small pieces, including roots, rhizomes and Karabash. Then cut the part in the chaotic order of the stack in the layers of the soil to a depth of 0.60 m and, to save them, repeatedly rolled down. After such extraction technology of licorice roots in natural thickets requires at least 7-8 years to poverhnostny when cleaning the described way does not exceed 15-20%.

The closest way to the same destination to the claimed object on the totality of symptoms is the method of harvesting Solodkova vegetation, including cutting the surface layer of the soil with root tails and Karabash, podkapyvanii and extract of the rhizomes and roots, Solodkova thickets define the contours of the external borders of that age are divided into groups at intervals of three to four years, moving from the outer boundary to the inner, and then define the centers of maternal roots and bushes hang two symmetrically offset from the centers thickets equidistant line passes for cutting a narrow vertical slits of a width not exceeding 2 cm and a depth of 60-70 cm, and the spacing between cracks in soils with a lower age reduced from 2 to 1.4 m, and podkapyvanii and extract of the rhizomes and roots are conducted after two or three years.

Device for cleaning Solodkova thickets containing frame, hitch, wheels and rack-knife, a frame provided with an additional beams installed in the cavity of the frame and equipped with the ability to move along its axis mounting brackets rack-knives, one of which is placed on the middle of the frame, and the other two at the ends of the additional beams, and a pull-out bit on the lower end of the segment; additional beam is kinematically connected to the frame of the opposed set of power cylinders (RU patent 2116719, C1 IPC⁶A 01 D 91/02, 25/02, declared 10.07.1997 published 10.08.1998).

Although described agronomic technique facilitates new korneobrazovateley, however, the quality of the root mass remains unsatisfactory due to weak biopotential source of mother plants.

The assassination of roots and Karabash licorice in the upper layer in the manufacturing conditions hold for the trailer twin chetyrehstrunnoy disc harrow DB-4,1 containing frame, trailer, wheels, mechanism for height adjustment of the trailer, the front row of panels, the rear row of batteries, the lifting mechanism sections batteries, ballast boxes and mechanisms of change of angles of attack (see Lurie A. B., Kosintsev F. G., Davidson E. I. Agricultural machinery (Textbooks and textbook. allowances). - M.: Kolos, 1976. - Il. - S. 39, Fig. 16).

The disadvantages mentioned tillage machines is that set at an angle to the direction of movement of the spherical disks turn into the layer of soil with roots and Karabash licorice. In windy weather and in the absence of precipitation in autumn roots and Karabash dry up and lose udaetsya in the following.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to increase the action potential and productivity of diffuse natural (wild) thickets licorice steppe and riparian ecotypes by vertical cutting roots and rhizomes from the parent plants and the Department of Karabash to create a local plant communities.

The effect and the technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention, expressed in increasing the productivity of natural thickets of licorice when the reduction in unit material costs, energy and labor, the production of standard roots and rhizomes of licorice with a high content of BEV, flavanoids, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid, the preservation of local ecotype licorice and species of wild plants in the Association, excluding water, wind and solar erosion of soil and vegetation.

The effect and the technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved in that in the known method, including cutting slits in the natural thickets of licorice, after cutting and grinding in the form of cutting vegetative shoots and related plants in Association nastasie plants licorice and adjacent areas on the periphery of each circuit associated grasses in Solodkova Association, preferably transversely to the sides of the world, namely North-South (N-S), mainly in late autumn period when reaching the soil moisture in the root zone horizon 70-80% of HB in continuous motion in the upper layer of the soil simultaneously with the cutting of the slits perform hole diameter of 0.15-0.25 m depth of 0.08-0.15 m in the amount of 2-5 per 1 m²the treated area, the centers of the holes combine with the middle of the crack, cut width 0,005-0,010 m to a depth of 0.2-0.3 m increments between 0,8-1,2 m

In the tillage tool for the implementation of the proposed method that contains a frame, bracket, hinge, wheels, ballast boxes, sections batteries with discs in the front row, the section of the battery with discs in the rear row and the mechanisms of change in the angles of attack of disks according to the invention in sections batteries in the front row are installed on the shafts by means of spools disc blades with a diameter of 0.6-0.8 m thickness of 5-10 mm, and in sections batteries back in target disk knives batteries in the front row are installed on the shafts by means of spools cut spherical disks with a diameter of 0.5-0.6 m Each bobbin is made in the form of a pair of mutually mating threaded bushings the sleeve with an external thread posted by Kon what about the patent and scientific and technical information sources and identify sources contains information about the equivalents of the claimed invention, has allowed to establish that the applicant is not detected similar (in terms of both the method and the device for implementing the method, characterized by signs, identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention). Proposed closest analogues for the method and the device allowed to identify a set of essential towards perceived by the applicant to the technical result of the distinctive features in the claimed method and device for implementing the method set forth in the claims.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "novelty" by applicable law.

To verify compliance of the claimed invention to the requirement of "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search of the known methods and technical solutions in order to identify characteristics that match the distinctive features from the nearest similar features of the claimed invention. The test results show that the claimed invention should not be for the specialist explicitly known level of technology and engineering, in particular, the claimed invention does not involve oprettelse level by applicable law.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In Fig. 1 shows a section of wild thickets licorice local ecoform after processing the top karastergiou layer;
in Fig. 2 - section a-a in Fig.1, a vertical section of the soil layer after cutting the aboveground shoots of licorice before processing topsoil;
in Fig. 3 - section b-B in Fig.1 is a vertical cross-section of the slit for separating horizontal rhizomes of licorice from the mother plant and Karabash in the form of a spherical segment;
in Fig. 4 - section b-b In Fig.1, the position of the parts of a spherical segment with Karabash over the gap after shrinkage in the autumn-winter period;
in Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of tillage tool for cutting slots and ball segments for the Department of Karabash from the roots and rhizomes from the parent plant species in the plan;
in Fig. 6 - the same, without the flat connection, left side view;
in Fig. 7 - section G-G in Fig.5, the diametrical cross section of the shaft and the bobbin.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the inventive method and device for its implementation, are as follows.

In the current practice of pricing on dry extruded licorice root on 01.01.200 the private production last unprofitable. Humidity roots in the period of mass production of roots is 42-46%. With the high price of energy is the only way to reduce the cost is to increase the production output and quality of the root mass increase of the percentage of glycyrrhizic acid and BEV. The latter is achieved by the fact that in natural Bush licorice widely spread on the territory of the South of the Russian Federation, create conditions for korneobrazovateley licorice steppe or riparian ecotype with a high action potential. This technique is recommended for conditions of licorice on the territory of the Volgograd and Astrakhan regions.

For the implementation of the proposed method on a plot of natural thickets of licorice with productivity below 3 t/ha spend mowing, shredding and distribution of aboveground mass in the form of a cutting length of 25-40 mm vegetative shoots licorice and related plants in the Association. This operation is carried out tractor unit comprised of a wheel tractor-class traction 0,9-1,4 and rotary mower-shredder CYRUS-1,5 B.

The crushed mass is distributed evenly on the surface of the cleaned strip (see Fig.1 and 2).

For the example of the steppe ecotype, and adjacent areas on the periphery marked contrast landmarks associated grasses in Solodkova Association 1, preferably perpendicular to the direction of the cardinal points, namely the North-South (N-S), continuous mechanized movement by simultaneously cut narrow slits 2 and perform the hole 3 (see Fig.1).

This agronomic method operates mainly in late autumn period when reaching the soil moisture in the root zone horizon 4 (see Fig. 2) 70-80% HB (lower capacity). In the upper soil layer simultaneously with the cutting of the slits 2 is carried out of the hole 3 diameter 0,15-0,25 m recommended depth of holes 0,08-0,15 m Number of wells 2-5 pieces 1 m²the treated area is sufficient for the formation of new competitive and viable plants licorice. The optimal position of the holes 3, when the centers of the holes 3 is aligned with the centers of the slits 2. Slot 2 is cut into a width of 0,005-0,010 m (5-10 mm). The depth of the slits of 0.2-0.3 m enough to separate the horizontally outstretched roots from the mother plant. To promote pobegoobrazuyuschaya slit 2 is carried out in increments of 0.8-1.2 m When performing the described method should first cut the slit 2, and then perform the 3rd hole. When creating a LUN is also encouraged in the snow. Precipitation in the autumn in the form of drops of rain in the last over uneven terrain drain into the slit 2. Through the walls of the slit 2, the moisture enters the upper horizon of the soil and at the same time moistened soil. This is particularly important for conditions South of the Russian Federation, where the required moisture reserves for winter, as a rule, not crumbling to ensure the life of the plant, even such globalmarketing as licorice.

The orientation of the walls of the slots 2 to the South side helps when thaws to catch any winter rainfall. In early spring this orientation of the slots 2 to the cardinal directions (North-South) in the earlier period allows you to warm up the soil and at positive temperatures above 15^oWith awaken axillary buds of licorice. Increased supply of moisture and high temperatures provide a partial growth of shoots from axillary buds. When you perform 3 holes in them, cut off the top layer of soil with roots and Karabash licorice. Each segment of the roots in the hole 3 promotes the growth of the individual, not associated with maternal licorice root, plants.

Therefore, hack holes 3 and vertical slots 2 stimulates the development of new plants. When the number of vegetative shoots Swee thickets. When such soil treatment in wild thickets licorice 4-5 years of life planted in the Volgograd region reserves the root mass with 3 t increase to 18-23 t/ha wet roots.

To implement the described method is used tillage tool (see Fig. 5 and 6). Tillage tool includes a frame 5, the hinge brackets 6, 7 and 8, the wheels and ballast boxes (not shown), partition panels 9 and 10 disk 11 in the front row, partition panels 12 and 13 with the disk 14 in the back and mechanisms 15 changes the angle of attack of the disks 14 in the rear row. In sections of the batteries 9 and 10 in the front row are installed on shafts 16 by means of spools 17 disc knives with one-sided sharpening with a diameter of 0.6-0.8 mm Thick disks 11-5-10 mm In the center of the disk 11 is made of a square hole the size of the shaft 16. The annular cutting edge of the disk 11 is formed by sharpening angle 8-11^o. The annular edge heat treated.

In sections of the batteries 12 and 13 of the rear row in the alignment of the knife disk 11 of the battery 9 and 10 in the front row are installed on shafts 16 similar in design to cut spherical disks with a diameter of 0.5-0.6 m Depth circular knives 11 and the spherical disks 14 change by increasing or decreasing the mass Grun the plane, combined with cutting edge disc) mechanisms 15.

When changing mechanisms 15 angle of attack (see Fig. 5) the distance between adjacent disks 14 either decreases or increases. For this purpose, each bobbin 17 (see Fig. 7) made in the form of a pair of mutually mating threaded bushings 18 and 19. On the sleeve 19 with the external thread posted by a lock nut 20.

Tillage tool works as follows.

Mounted tractor class thrust 3 (DT-75, BT-100, T-150) rods connect through my fingers with brackets 6-8 frame 5. The distance between the disks 11 install with the recommended step size (0.8-1.2 m) at the crafts vertical slots 2. For this purpose, a previously adjusted the bobbin 17 to the recommended length and number.

In the ballast boxes saturate the soil mass 100-200 kg During movement of the tractor unit in a strictly specified direction, the cutting edges of the disks 11 perform narrow slits 2 a width of 0.5-1.0 cm at a depth of 30 cm Circular edge of each disk 11 cuts not only the soil, but the roots of licorice. Posted in target disk 11 cut spherical disks 14 are cut off part of the ball segments 21 and 22 (see Fig. 3 and 4). After escaping from the disc surface ravnayutsa in the root zone layers, increasing the supply of soil moisture. In the spring and summer, the presence of water and a large amount of heat in the South of Russia intensified growth of above-ground vegetative shoots licorice and outflow of nutrients in the roots and rhizomes of licorice. This results not only increase the productivity of the root mass licorice as licorice raw materials, but also the resumption of new plants in unoccupied territory.

Thus, the above data confirm that the implementation of the use of the claimed invention cumulative conditions: the claimed method and tillage tool designed for use in agriculture for enhancing biopotential unproductive natural thickets of licorice; the possibility of carrying out the invention is achieved by means of known methods and tools; the proposed method of increasing the productivity thickets licorice provides not only increase root mass by improving growth conditions, but spike qualitative indicators licorice raw materials.

Hack holes and vertical slots provide conditions for the growth of the remotest parts of the rhizomes and Karabash. Available in the korneobrazovateley from podzemnih kidney regeneration. The claimed method has a high efficiency is achieved at all stages of the life cycle of plants licorice, from the awakening of dormant buds on the roots, their growth and to the accumulation of valuable components in the roots and rhizomes of licorice to the seven-year period of harvesting, the method of separation of Karabash licorice with a high action potential and accumulation of moisture refers to technology-intensive productivity of wild thickets of licorice and together with the positive effect on the soil; the technical result of the proposed device for implementing the method is achieved by the simplicity of the design, the application of the known elements, and is characterized by a wide range of opportunities.

Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "industrial applicability" under the current law.

1. Method for improving natural thickets of licorice, including mowing and shredding in the form of cutting vegetative shoots licorice and related plants in the Association on unproductive bushes with subsequent distribution of the crushed mass on the surface of the beveled array and cutting slits on the prepared areas, characterized in the contour of related herbs in Solodkova Association, preferably perpendicularly to the direction of the cardinal directions North-South (N-S), mainly in late autumn period when reaching the soil moisture in the root zone horizon 70-80% lower moisture content in the upper soil layer simultaneously with the cutting of the slits perform hole diameter of 0.15-0.25 m, a depth of 0.08 to 0.15 m in the amount of 2-5 per square meter of the treated area, the centers of the holes combine with the middle of the slit, and the slit is cut into a width of 0,005-0,010 m to a depth of 0.2-0.3 m increments between 0,8-1,2 m

2. Tillage tool that contains a frame, bracket, hinge, wheels, ballast boxes, sections batteries with discs in the front row, the section of the battery with discs in the rear row and the mechanisms of change in angles of attack, disk, characterized in that the sections of the battery in the front row are installed on the shafts by means of spools disc blades with a diameter of 0.6-0.8 m, with a thickness of 5-10 mm, and in sections batteries back in target disk knives batteries in the front row are installed on the shafts by means of spools cut spherical disks with a diameter of 0.5-0.6 m

3. The instrument under item 2, wherein each bobbin is made in the form of a pair of mutually mating threaded bushing, sleeve with an external thread posted by the