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Method is performed using the automated system which comprises a laser device with the possibility of longitudinal displacement and is provided with a damper platform placed on the surface miner frame and pivotally connected to the frame of the laser device. The laser device is placed on the frame guides with the ability to move longitudinally along the guides on the rolling bearings using the drive connected with the automatic control unit, and is made in the form of a cassette with fibre-optic emitters placed along the moving direction of the surface miner. |
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Method of land reclamation, disturbed by dredging works In the river valley the dams of embankment are constructed for creation of fields of filtration and prevention of spreading of sewage water from the reclamated plot. At that the sewage water from the dredging water reservoir with a high content of suspended clay particles is fed through the hoses on the planned surface of the reclamated plot, and the place of pulp supply is periodically changed on the area of the reclamated plot. |
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Method of comprehensive development brown coal deposits Method of comprehensive development of brown coal deposits comprises dividing the deposits into blocks, drilling drainage wells and underground coal gasification, dissolution of ash and slag residues of coal and pumping of productive solution to the surface for subsequent extraction of valuable components, filling the goaf of the block with the filling material. Six rows of vertical wells are drilled, located in a block with the distance of 20-25 m from one another, which are sequentially used as drainage, productive for the gasification of coal, for dissolution and extraction of ash and slag residuals of coal, and for injection of filling mixture. In each row 10-12 vertical wells are located at a distance of 15-20 m from one another. Underground water is pumped and directed through the unit of water treatment to consumer. Underground coal gasification gas is purified from impurities in the unit of energy gas purification and burned in a local gas electric station. The resultant carbon dioxide is injected in the filling mass via the storage unit and the productive solution is purified from the solid impurities and pumped through a pipeline to a chemical-technological unit connected with the filling complex by the unit of unutilised wastes. |
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Invention relates to mining and can be used in dredging of valley and floodplain detritus. This method comprises construction of stream diversion channel, service pool for dredge and system of water treatment plants. Stream diversion channel is composed by natural bed in drag bank made at working the deposit in lengthwise direction with earth prism filling to inner slope of dredge bank. Extraction of mineral during stream diversion channel is carried out by asymmetric manoeuvring of dredge to ensure maximum cross-section area of dredge bank. Water level in service pool and water treatment plats is kept level with stream diversion channel water horizon. |
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Proposed method comprises drilling the vertical wells, charging the latter, placing the charges, short-delay blasting of said wells and selective excavation. Blasting of blocks is performed in bulk. Note here that all three dimensions of blasted block, i.e. width, length and height, are set irrespective of the position of contacts and the number of ore bodies. After block blasting, portion of shotpile is dumped over slope roof with working of the first pass over rock on the side of ore body hanging side. Depending on attitude of ore body in blasted block, selective working of productive bench is performed in two sub-benches with mining in layers. |
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Open-underground mining of coal seams Proposed method comprises construction of work sites to inclined openings are made along boundaries of every board to depth of pit contour line. Required depth reached, drifts are cut from inclined openings of work site No. 1 at 90 degrees towards inclined openings of work sites No. 2 for them to be combined to erect the pumping. Deposit is worked by long opening shafts by heading-and-winning machine. Working of all openings is carried out by heading-and-winning complex. Belt slope and mounting-dismantling slope are worked from pit board from work site No. 1. Belt slope and mounting-dismantling slope are worked from pit board from work site No. 2 with a certain delay. After combining the drifts with inclined openings of work sire No. 2, heading-and-wining complex is reconfigured and completed. Then, deposit is mined by long opening shafts in ascending order. Said shaft is worked by short faces in pillarless mining, alternatively, in forward and reverse runs with formation of vent-conveyor break-offs guarded by pillar with timbering. |
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Processing of potassic seams by combined technology Step-by-step mining of productive layers of potassic seams with advance breaking the rock salt, first shearer mining is executed in the chamber design contour over its entire length to combine it with vent drift. Blasting cutting of the entire rock salt is performed in the entire volume of cleanup chamber design contour from the walls of shearer mining drift. Cut rock salt if placed on soil of previous shearer mining. Excavation of mineral from productive layers of potassic seam is performed by heading machine. Machine drift in the chamber design contour is located subject to chamber width either at the chamber centre or on board of its design contour. |
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Proposed method comprises chamber seal mining, working the chamber entrance from development entry, excavation of rock interlayer and shearer mining of the seam productive seams. Advance cutting of rock interlayer from the seam is performed by blasting. Mining of seam productive layer is performed by shearer mining in radial passes to design width of working chamber. The, the miner is moved to initial position of radial pass. Cut rock interlayer is placed at the soil of worked chamber. |
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Proposed method comprises the steps that follow. Top soil layer is removed to be preserves or to be transferred to territories to be reclaimed, loosening, loading and conveying stripped rock to make the waste dumps, dislodging, loading and coal transfer to storage and reclamation of dumps. Note here that seam weathered coal approaching the day surface is extracted and stored separately. Waste dumps are levelled to apply soil and weathered coal layers thereon. Produced layer is loosened with stripped rock and rolled. |
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Development of gas-bearing set of coal seams This method consists in development of the set of coal seams in ascending order in system "Long direction of strata" with excavation. Rock pressure is control by collapsing the roof rocks in exposed space with subsequent isolation. Note here that first the set bottom seam is mined with advance degassing and continuation of gas suction therefrom at mining of overlying undermined seams. Then, overlying seams are mined in ascending order. Note here that mine fluids are collected from the entire set of coal seams at bottom seam bottom point at its mining with the feed of aqueous solution of antipyrogenes into stripped area. After working of bottom seam advance seam degassing is terminated. Barometric pressure is maintained in worked space by discharging fluid gases from sources below the set. Note here that advance degassing in overlying seams is not used at stripping. Besides, feed of aqueous solution of antipyrogenes into stripped area is performed from bottom seam into stripped area of every of the next stripped coal seams. |
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Disposal of potassium concentration wastes Proposed method comprises opening, preparing and working of the section of chambers, preparing of filling mix of potassium dressing wastes and filling of chambers. Working section is opened in drifts from overlying bed. After processing of said section by cleanup chambers, the latter are filled with filling mix with addition of calcium chloride. Filling mix is fed over drifts from overlying bed by gravity. After filling of said chambers, impermeable dams are erected at drift start. Subject to mining and geological conditions, said filling mix can be fed to every chamber or set of chambers via wells drilled from working of overlying bed. Then, wells are plugged. |
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Selecting working of unworked edge of upland mineral deposit quarry working zone Proposed method comprises opening of deposit by galleries at quarry unworked edge, working of deposit in blocks with excavation of minerals by chambers, release of crushed mineral to underground openings and bringing it to grass. Note here that deposit is developed by galleries at dividing unworked edge to horizons equal to height of production bench. Charges are laid in gallery blast-holes and wells. Cut opening is produced by blasting blast-hole and well charges of the gallery central group. Rock is excavated and loaded to carries via loading funnels. Blast-hole and well charges are blasted to force the deposit of the gallery flank groups to cut opening. Conical bank of blasted rock is formed, loaded and transported. Deposits of central and two flank directions are developed to isolate prior development zones by quality of mineral stock. |
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Invention relates to mining particularly to openworking of rocks. Zoning is adjusted by registration of changes in thrust and lift engine performances to tie the latter via bucket spatial position in digging cycle for registration of bench bottom quality, granulometric composition and shape of cut rock bulk at transition from near well space to gotten well space. Characteristics of bench bottom working are allowed for by changes in performances of thrust engine at the level of bench bottom. Rock granulometric composition is defined by changes in performances of lift engines at filling and retention of filled bucket. Bulk compactness is defined by changes in performances of lift engine at scooping height registration at transition from gotten near well space to gotten well space. |
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Access ramp for trucks in open-pit mine Access ramp for trucks in open-pit mine combined with inclined safety berm of open-pit mine includes empty and loaded branches and additional ramps to safety berms of open-pit mine located on side slopes of ramp for trucks. Herewith, empty and loaded branches of access ramp for trucks are separated and located in different half-trenches the bases of which are inclined safety berms of open-pit mine replacing sections of horizontal safety berms of open-pit mine along path of ramp for trucks and interconnected by additional ramps for auxiliary equipment located on side slopes of half-trenches, and additional ramps connecting access ramp for trucks with safety berms of open-pit mine are located at both sides of it. |
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Protection of development entries Proposed method comprises mechanised pre-working and stabilisation in coal massif, protection of opened space against adjacent column by coal post. Compensation cavities are made in virgin massif, nearby bed soil, and separated by coal post. Cavities and coal posts there between on massif side and opened space are arranged in staggered manner. Width, height and depth of cavities are defined on the basis of coal seam mining and geological conditions and heading machine performances. Coal post width between compensation cavities is calculated with due allowance for empirical factor equal to 1.3 at working in virgin massif and equal to 1.6 at working in adjacent column abutment pressure zone, seal depth (post height) and seam cubical compression strength. |
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Method of open working of minerals with groundwater influx Proposed method comprises erection of sludge pond, opening and mining of quarry field. At quarry nonworking board bench located on the side of maximum ground water mark in quarry field contour erected is buttress anti-filtration shield, under the level of ground waters beyond the boundaries the prism of possible collapse of underlying bench, over the entire length of ground water layer. Note here that buttress shield height is defined from mathematical relationship. |
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Muck cleanup at steeply-dipping deposits Proposed method comprises laying of perforated pipes to be advanced as ore is broken, filling said pipes with substance generating the power for broken ore cleanup and broken ore cleanup. Explosive is used as power generating substance. Explosive is fitted in said pipe and initiated while ore cleanup is performed by blast shock wave. Pipe perforations are located so that hole axes are parallel with laying side plane which allows pipe breaking in line of said holes and directing major part of blast air wave to lying side. |
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Method of deposition open working Proposed method comprises excavation of working trench, mounting of transport communications, working of quarry field, excavation of minerals and access rock by benches. Note here that quarry field development is varied out from centre to its flanks while after development of quarry field for angle α between working trench and transport communications to be defined from mathematical relationship. Access rock is dumped into internal dumps located between working trench and transport communications. After complete development of quarry field working trench is elongated and transport communications are installed, cycle being reiterated several times. |
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Method of pilling on inclined base Proposed method comprises stockpile filling of dumping site stages. Note here that dumping site stage comprising rocks of capping and pasty tails are laid separately towards each other. Note also that pasty tails are laid on slope side Note that stockpile filling of dumping site stages and pasty tails I performed to one horizontal level. |
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Double-ended method of deposit opening during underground operations Double-ended method of the deposit opening during underground operations includes shaft sinking of at least two holes, each hole having its own job site. Opening of the deposit is made by underground horizontal and/or inclined workings from each hole. As the shaft sinking progresses the underground horizontal workings are made from the hole at a distance of at least 5 diameters of the hole. Vertical wells are drilled from the surface and horizontal cuts and when the lower horizontal working is reached the well is drilled up to the project diameter of the air raise. Horizontal workings are placed vertically, one by one, at a distance to be determined by technical capabilities of the drilling rig. The upper part of the air raise is made from the surface through quaternary deposits by a usual method. At the first stage each end of the deposit is ventilated separately, at the second stage fresh air is supplied through a pair of combined developments - a borehole and the air riser at one end while outgoing jet is outputted through the combined developments of the other end. |
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Method for direct development of working trench Method involves stripping operations performed by longitudinal stripping cuts along the direct system with laying of overburden rock into external dump arranged on upper platform of a non-working open-pit side, at stock-piling of overburden rock to external dump in tiers that are formed along dumping front. Dumping front is arranged at a right angle to an upper edge of a non-working side of the open pit and aligned with movement direction of overburden rock from the working face of longitudinal stripping cut to their dumping place. |
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Method involves drying of tailing massif, identification of an outline of supergene-converted horizon, separation of thickness of tailings into non-productive lean tailings from upper part of technogenic massives, which are not subject to supergene changes, and productive gothite-magnetite-hematite horizons formed during supergene conversion of technogenic mineral raw material, removal of upper non-productive horizons, extraction of gothite-magnetite-hematite horizon and its processing so that iron-ore concentrate is obtained. Iron-ore concentrate with total iron content of more than 60% is obtained by means of a gravitation-and-magnetic or magnetic method from gothite-magnetite-hematite horizon saturated with iron, which is formed in thickness of aged tailings. |
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Development method of thick gently sloping formation in large slabs Method involves formation of lower slashing of formation by means of a plough unit with movement into it of a hauling conveyor, cutting in bottom-hole massif of a rear vertical slot and a slot that is upper along the boundary with the roof, which are longitudinal throughout the face length, lowering of the massif onto the conveyor, splitting of a mineral into slabs, output of the mineral from the face in slabs, their lowing into trolleys and locomotive haulage to a bulk material crushing chamber. In the massif settled down on the conveyor there cutout are inclined transverse slots splitting the massif into inclined layers that are then transferred to horizontal position for splitting of the mineral into slabs. Cutout of vertical transverse slots is performed using a motor-driven multi-jib machine. |
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Method for open underground development of main inclined mine openings (shafts) Method involves preliminary preparation of front of preparatory works by furnishing an industrial site, according to a technological scheme of shaft development by means of an underground method, starting from the shaft mouth and the shaft part on depositions by excavation and loading of soil in a working face by means of manual tools, output of soil and delivery of support elements in a disassembled form by end hauling along the shaft with installation of a safety barrier, assembly and installation of metal supports in the working face according to an attachment step with force in the form of a hexagon by electric welding, ventilation by a local ventilation fan and pumping-out of ground water from the working face by means of pumps. First, according to the specified direction towards the industrial site structure there developed from the ground level along depositions is an open trench by means of excavation equipment throughout the length, according to a mining and technical and economic design and a shaft performance certificate, then at the trench bottom in depositions there mounted from the ground level is a mouth and a mine opening - a shaft by hoisting equipment and as erection of mine opening - shaft support advances, the trench is backfilled in depositions with excavated soil so that clearance space is left on the downhole side. With that, shafts are ventilated by natural draft, and water is pumped out by excavation equipment - an excavator bucket together with soil excavation. |
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Drilling and blasting operations at open pits Proposed method comprises drilling of parallel rows of wells, charging them with explosives and their short-delay blasting. This short-delay blasting of radially arranged charges in membrane layers is performed as follows. First row of wells is blasted, the third one from the bench edge. Then, 1 row of wells is blasted with 25 ms delay while 2 rows of wells are last blasted with 50 ms delay. To locate the membrane layers, rock mass is photographed to define the radius of curvature of bench mining block slope by relationship with due allowance for acoustic stiffness of rocks. Weighted average layer-by-layer quantity of systematic fractures per the width of mining block coverage Wc is defined. Weighted average spacing between two adjacent systematic fractures is defined. Degree of crushing and line of resistance at bench bottom are defined. Sums of rock bed depths and strength factor (by Protodyakonov scale) are calculated. Rock strain rate, clamp factor, explosive potential energy and blast efficiency are defined. |
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Method of open pit mining with help of wheel-type miners, self-propelled hoppers and dump trucks Rock loosened by wheel-type miner is dumped by miner discharge arm belt conveyor onto that of self-propelled two-section hopper turn bar. Then, it is dumped into hopper sections rock from under which, with no outage of hopper and miner displacing in synchronism and in parallel, it is dumped cyclically into dump-trucks. Said dump-trucks move along with said hopper at loading. |
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Subsurface working of chitters at high gas content of coal and host rock Method comprises advance extraction of underlying protective coal beds. Beds are divided into gateways to be prepared by dual development drifts with coal pillars left there between. Gateway is extracted by longwall with top rocks fall in worked-out area. It includes recovery of one preparatory gateway behind the longwall and supporting of second preparatory gateway behind the longwall for its reuse at extraction of adjacent gateway. At extraction of adjacent beds at mine field sections complicated by disjunctive geological disturbances orientation of said disturbances in space is defined. Dual development drifts extend in foot wall of said disturbance parallel with intersection of protective bed with the surface of disturbance shifter. Boundary of gateway and preparatory drift recovered behind the longwall is located in the line of intersection between protective bad and shifter of disjunctive geological disturbance. |
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Development of inclined coal bed Proposed method comprises preparation of mine field by poles on Longwall Retreating on the Strike development system using the mechanised breaking complexes (MBC). Exposing diagonal workings with inclination angles is performed within the specs of minerals conveyors. Coal is excavated in long breaking coal face with reverse stroke with production of mounting chamber, dismantling chamber, complex and inspection at reassembly and wok site. Rock pressure is controlled by rock cover ball in worked-out area. Mine waters are collected at lower points of the mine. Water solution of antipyrogenes is fed in worked-out area. Long walls are developed at mining face line aligned with MBC, mounting chamber, dismantling chamber, and inspection chamber parallel with opening at both forward and back direction of mining face. |
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Method of combined development of elongated deposits of steeply pitching seams Proposed method comprises opening the deposits by subsurface works and layer-by-layer development of main deposits by open works. It includes reclaiming to stores of every bed in direction of the pit boards to form safety prisms nearby design outline of the latter. Remote control equipment is used at final works at every bed. Rock is carried over subsurface courses of worked bed to surface. Deposit is exposed to concentration bed mark and open working. Then, temporary exposed and subservice opening works are performed to separate the flows of overburden and minerals. Concentration bed and temporary exposed works marks are set over pit depth related with current volumes of exposure works at layer-by-layer working. Dominating volume of overburden is fed to surface via openings. Total volume of minerals is fed via subsurface openings is discharged to concentration bed site. Deposit deep overburden is dumped in pit worked-out area to make altitude marks of overburden inner terrace row comply with those of cross-heading foundation level. |
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Method to develop edge ore bodies with unstable ores Invention relates to mining industry and may be used in development of thick edge ore bodies with unstable and precious ores, for instance, kimberlite pipes, by the underground method. The method includes formation of man-made massif with tunnelling and filling of stopes at the cut and undercut layer, descending extraction of reserves under the man-made massif and filling of the mined space. Under the man-made massif they form a transition layer-sublevel by alternate tunnelling of the stopes of the first phase, with height equal to the height of the layer, and stopes of the second phase, the height of which is equal to the height of the layer-sublevel, at the same time the stopes of the first phase is given the shape of the tilted trapezoid in the vertical cross section, and stopes of the second phase - the irregular hexagon, besides, the width of the upper bases of figures of these stopes and width of stopes of the above (undercut) layer are accepted with equal value. Reserves of the deposit below the transition layer-sublevel are mined by chambers in staggered order with a shift to a sublevel. Chambers in the cross section are given the shape of the hexahedron extended along the vertical line. The upper part of the chambers is formed in the form of a trapezoid with size of half of chamber height, the contours of the upper base of which match the contours of the base of the filled stopes of the first phase in the transition layer - sublevel, and contours of the lateral upper sides - with contours of the lower sides of the filled adjacent stopes of the second phase. The lower part of the chamber with the size of half of its height is given the shape of the tilted trapezoid in the vertical cross section. |
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Method to restore barrow pits for construction of cemetery Method includes separate mining, movement and piling of soil layer and stripping rocks into separate belt dumps, mining of a open-pit field, filling of the mined space to the border of the upper level of ground waters with construction wastes. Afterwards they perform design and planning works to construct roads, passages, hydraulic engineering and land reclamation structures. Then they start filling the mined space in two stages. At first they do the primary filling of the mined space of the pit with a mix made of stripping rocks and ground construction debris with fraction size of the latter of not more than 100 mm mixed in equal proportions. Filling is done until complete filling of the mined space of the pit, then along the surface planned by a bulldozer they apply on top a layer of a soil mixture with seeds of perennial herbs of meadow-weed group, and final planning is carried out not sooner than in one year. Then the planned surface is ploughed, with subsequent levelling and filling of the entire surface of the mined space with a layer of sand with thickness of at least 100 mm with subsequent light levelling. Afterwards roads are connected, hydraulic engineering and land reclamation structures are arranged, and the entire surface of the planned surface of the mined space is divided into sections, in each one they perform burials of certain years and for the standard depth of burial. |
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Method of layer mining of high steeply inclined coal bed with extraction of coal from bedding pack Method of layer mining of a high steeply inclined coal seam with extraction of a bedding pack includes preparation of an extraction pillar by arrangement of conveyor and ventilation drifts, preparation of an extraction strip by performance of coal discharge and ventilation mines from the conveyor to the ventilation drifts, withdrawal of the mounting chamber at the coupling of the extraction strip with the ventilation drift with separation of the bed by capacity into two inclined layers, leaving the bedding pack intact. In the mounting chamber on the soil of each layer they mount sections of the support, and on the soil of the layer near the bed roof - a flexible slab in the form of a net, which covers the bedding pack and the section of the support installed on the soil of the bed. Stripping equipment is represented by sections of aggregated support with an actuator. At the same time the actuator is made in the form of a horizontally aligned drum with teeth. At the goaf side each section is equipped with an additional cutting element for cutting of a weakening slot. Extraction and transportation of the broken coal along the line of the working face is carried out in inclined layers near the roof and the bed soil with auger actuators of aggregated sections of the support. The bedding pack is divided into sections as the working face of the layer is shifted near the bed soil by cutting of weakening slots above each section of the support, is damaged by pressure of collapsed rocks behind the slab and released into the working space of the layer near bed soil in the space between the stands of the support sections. Stands of the support sections are installed on the soil of the bed. |
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Method for complex development of structurally-morphologically difficult deposit According to the method, they perform serial tunnelling of polyfunctional deep adjacent trenches, which make it possible to combine opening of adjacent areas and blocks of the deposit, information geological prospecting and operating mining works - stripping and extraction ones, automated selective separation of good and temporarily off-grade elements from the massif in the form of a granular mineral mass and its separate loading into transport reservoirs. Flow delivery of the mineral mass to the day surface with the help of a portable rope-skip transporting technical system, moved in pipe-shaped guides with the minimum width of the trench, and in the open working space - with maximum width that excludes contact of the moving transport chain with planes of panels formed by boards of adjacent trenches. |
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Method to extract non-commercial reserves in development of coal beds Invention relates to mining industry, in particular, to development of slope beds of coal deposits by open mining works. The method includes development of a series of slope flat-dipping beds by open mining works comprising a coal bed with non-commercial reserves. This bed may be in a bench at its any height. Mining of overburden rocks is carried out by horizontal layers after blast-hole drilling carried out with the purpose to loosen the rock massif for the entire height of the bench, including a coal bed with non-commercial reserves. The rock of the beds without admixture of coal is loaded right into dumper trucks, and the layer containing the bed coal with non-commercial reserves, is sent via the device for separation of rock pieces from fine coal and loaded into different dump trucks. The upper and lower borders of the layer containing the bed coal with non-commercial reserves are set, when the mixture of the rock and coal reaches the ratio of 85-90% rock and 10-15% coal. |
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Method to prepare for dressing of difficult coals Method includes treatment of coal extracted from coal deposits for opening of its splices with rock. At the same time the coal is placed in layers at the intermediate storage, arranged on the southern slope of a knoll (mountain, hill) or a pit heap, the site of which has an angle of inclination 10-25°, exposed in spring-autumn periods to solar radiation with the number of "thawing-freezing" cycles with transition of temperature via 0°C equal to at least 7. Besides, the thickness of the coal layers is taken on the basis of the calculation sufficient for daily heating-cooling, and after thermal processing the coal is shipped from the warehouse for subsequent demineralisation. |
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Method to develop edge ore bodies with unstable ores Invention relates to mining industry and may be used in development of thick edge ore bodies with unstable ores, for instance, kimberlite pipes, by the underground method. The method includes division of a deposit into panels and layers with their extraction in stopes in descending order and subsequent filling with hardening mixtures, parameters of layer stoping are increased along height and width to chamber dimensions, and along the length they are divided into sections, besides, chamber stopes and sections in the vertical-longitudinal section are given the shape of the isosceles trapezoid. Then their mining is carried out in stages so that during mining of each subsequent section the level of the haulage horizon is reduced by the height of the sectional haulage mine, for this purpose, initially, in the chamber-stop roof for all of its sections they arrange a common drilling-filling mine, and the sectional haulage mine, for each subsequent section, is mined under the filling massif of the earlier mined section, besides, after complete mining of the previous section its haulage mine in the reverse order is expanded to the width of the previously filled section, at the same time the direction of mining of chambers-stopes on each subsequent underlying layer is changed for the opposite one. |
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Method of combined development of steeply-dipping ore bodies Invention relates to mining industry and may be used in development of thick steeply-dipping valuable ore bodies by the open-underground method. The method includes development of a pit to design depth with arrangement of the board to the limit position, mining of bottom and near-edge-zone reserves of ore with application of underground mines, transportation of broken ore in underground mines. Development of near-edge-zone reserves of the ore is carried out after extraction of bottom ones with a chamber system of development under protection of a combined rock-filling massif at the side of the pit space, besides, the rock-filling massif is formed as bottom up in layers, alternating filling of the waste rock and filling of the hardening filling mixture of the formed space between the dump and the board of the pit on each layer. |
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Method to form anthropogenic field Invention relates to mining, namely, to methods for performance of mining works. The method includes preparation of a hydraulic dump or tailing dump, filling of banking dams and laying of pulp lines, arrangement of dam wells and removal of purified waters. At the same time at side banking dams they arrange sites, where they install tower excavators or scraper hoists, by means of which they move a part of rocks deposited in the upper part of the hydraulic dump in the direction perpendicular to the axis of inwash of the hydraulic dump or tailing dump in the direction of side banking dams. |
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Method for complex development of coal deposit Method includes performance of stripping and clearing mining works in opencast manner. At the same time working sites are arranged at the ledges with release of beds. As the cut reaches the border of the mining allotment along the depth, they arrange a cross-cut from the bottom of the stripping mine cut, and the cross-cut is made at a small angle upwards for organisation of self-flow hydraulic transport of coal, to open all beds of coal measures lying in the border zone. Along the beds indicated for further mining, from the cross cut to both sides at the small angle upwards they arrange drifts. On the soil of the cross cut and drifts they lay chutes for organisation of self-flow transport of pulp. From the working site of the ledge along with bed slope they drill a well to a drift, in which a hydraulic monitor and a pipe column are installed. Damage of the coal around the well is carried out by a hydraulic monitor jet in the reverse order. Broken coal is transported along chutes of the cross cut to the bottom of the cut, where it is accumulated in both and more reservoirs without mixing. For more efficient development of the field it is possible to mine simultaneously two and more beds with different compositions of the coal substance. |
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Method to develop thick steeply-dipping ore bodies Method to develop thick steeply-dipping ore bodies includes division of an ore body into layers developed in descending order, extraction of layers by stopes and filling of the mined space with hardening materials, definition of places of location and dimensions of cavities of cavings above the filling mass, arrangement of stopes as cut to the filling mass, supply of hardening materials along cutting stopes to places for additional filling of cavities of cavings above the filling mass. Before approach of the bottomhole of the cutting stope to the cavity of the caving arranged above the filling mass, arrangement of the cutting stope is stopped, two wells are drilled from the cutting stope towards the upper border of the caving cavity, one of wells is used for supply of hardening material to the cavity of the caving, in the second well they remove air from the caving cavity into the cutting stope, after filling of the caving cavity and achievement of the normative values of strength by the filling material, they continue arrangement of the cutting stope, besides, the minimum permissible distance from the bottomhole of the cutting stope to the cavity of the caving during performance of works for filling of the caving cavity is accepted as more than the depth of the zone of intensive damage of rock massif by the mountain pressure upstream the bottomhole of the cutting stope. |
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Method to prepare and mine reserves of minefields Method includes extraction of coal in a long working face by retraction, ventilation of the working face, control of mining pressure by damage of roof rocks in the mined space, collection of minefields in the lower points of the mine and supply of aqueous solution of antipyrogene into the mined space. Extraction pillars are mined in turns with reverse and forward strokes. In advance they erect a dismantling technical inspection and installation chambers coaxially. The longwall mechanised equipment set - LMES - is driven into the dismantling chamber without a thrust at the chamber roof. The elements of the set are moved in blocks by three from the dismantling chamber into the installation one, on the way they do routine maintenance as the blocks move in the technical inspection chamber, at the same time they use movement mechanisms of thrust-sliding-sliding type with autonomous power supply to each block. The mechanism of movement of thrust-sliding-sliding type they use the same sections of the LMES support and their interconnection via movement cylinders with the appropriate chute of the longwall face conveyor. For the period of dismantling they create n autonomous blocks of three with alternate movement of 3 sections of the support without thrust relative to 3 chutes that serve as a stiff beam. |
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Method for recultivation of tailing dumps Invention relates to mining and may be used for recultivation of anthropogenic structures and strengthening of dust-producing surfaces. The method includes treatment of stored tailings with a binding compound, sowing of perennial herbs and compaction of the surface layer. At the same time previously, for formation of a pedogenic layer, they treat the surface of the tailing dump with a zeolite hydraulic mix at the ratio of zeolite-water equal to 1:2 and perform tillage of the surface layer. And treatment of soil with a binding compound, sowing of perennial herbs and compaction of the surface layer is carried out simultaneously, at the same time binding compounds are water-soluble polymers. |
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Method to determine value of undermining of hardening fill under mechanical damage of ore massif Invention relates to mining industry, namely, to undermining of ore bodies with filling of the mined space with hardening mixes. The method to determine extent of undermining of hardening fill under mechanical damage of ore massif includes formation of a hole in the ore massif and fixation of a stiff rod in it for fixed depth, supply of hardening filling mix into the mined space, damage of the ore massif with a part of the contact layer of the hardening fill massif. When mining the ore massif, they damage the rod in the ore massif and in the contact layer of the hardening fill massif, and the extent of undermining of hardening fill is determined according to the difference in the following formula: Δ=L-L1-L2, where Δ - extent of undermining of the hardening fill massif; L - total length of blind cavity, arranged inside the rod; L1 - length of rod deepening in the hole of the ore massif; L2 - length of blind cavity that is left after damage of the ore massif. |
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Open mining method for mineral deposits Invention relates to mining, more precisely to open mining of high deposits with use of continuous operation technique. The method includes cutting of a permanent trench, construction of a working trench, installation of transportation lines, bench cutting of mineral resources by continuous extraction and haulage system with a fan-shaped area of operations. When operations are performed in the fan-shaped manner a solid bed located outside the fan-shaped border is developed simultaneously; mineral deposits are shipped to transportation lines and at first the area of a V-shaped cut is determined at the fan-shaped area of operations in compliance with the following condition: S i ( sector ) = π ⋅ L w a 2 ⋅ α i 360 , where Lwa - length of working area, m; αi - angle of working area turn, degree; then the area of the V-shaped cut is determined with consideration of the solid bed in compliance with the following condition: S i = L w a 2 ⋅ t g ( ∑ i = 1 n α i ) 2 , where Lwa - length of working area, m; αi - angle of working area turn, degree; and for the purpose of simultaneous performance of the fan-shaped working area and the V-shaped cut in the solid bed its volume is determined in compliance with the following condition: V s = H ⋅ ( S i − S i − 1 − S i ( sec t o r ) ) , where H is an average thickness of mineral deposit, m; Si is the area of the V-shaped cut with consideration of the solid bed, m2; Si(sector) is the area of the V-shaped cut, m2. |
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Invention refers to mining industry, and namely to open-pit mining operations at development of ore and non-ore blocks of mineral deposits, the sections of which are sufficiently different as to mining-and-geological structure and quality of a valuable component, and namely to selective extraction of a mineral deposit by large-scale explosive destruction of mine rock masses of a complex structure. In rows of charges, which cross different-type mine rocks, well and group beam charges are located; group beam charges are located in sections requiring intense crushing. The latter are located in sections requiring intense crushing with direction of a convex beam surface towards intense crushing; row-by-row explosive breakage of single well and group beam charges is performed, thus performing row-by-row extension of nominal diameter of an explosion cavity. |
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Method of dumping at open mining of mineral deposits Method involves extraction of overburden, its transportation to a dumping place and its unloading under dumping front slope. Unloading of overburden and its laying is performed in separate stock piles located parallel to each other, onto the internal slopes of which the smallest overburden rocks are unloaded, and paste-like tailings are dumped between them after benefication processing of ores; at laying of every next stock pile, stockpiling of tailings of benefication processing of ores is performed from the pre-formed stock pile, and distance between stock piles is determined as per a mathematical formula. |
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Method of dumping onto inclined base Method involves dumping of an initial tier of dump rocks onto an inclined base with height H that is determined based on the following condition: H = 2 ⋅ V o ⋅ K K o ⋅ L o ⋅ ( 1 t g α + t g β ) , where VO - overburden rock volume, m3; K - coefficient of water content in paste-like tails after concentrating ore processing; KO - overburden ratio; Lo - dump length, m; α - natural angle of slope of overburden rock dump, degrees; β - surface slope, degrees, and between the inclined base and slope of the initial dump tier there stockpiled are paste-like tails after concentrating ore processing. |
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Open cut development method for steeply low stratified deposits Invention pertains to mining and it can be used for development of steeply low stratified deposits, including eluvial and deluvial placers. The method includes stock penetration at independent levels, formation of working sites and extraction of minerals by mining equipment stepwise. At that formation of working sites is made from top downward; moreover steps are made by layer-by-layer extraction and horizontal shift of the mineral to the upper edge of the step and its subsequent throwing along the slope until a working site is formed thus providing safe operation of mining equipment and transport facilities. |
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Method for underground block leaching of useful minerals Invention refers to mining, and namely to production of useful minerals by an underground block leaching method. The underground block leaching method of useful minerals involves driving at the block bottom of openings of drain horizon for collection of productive solutions, crushing and shrinkage of ore so that a drain horizon of a safety pillar is left above openings, drilling of upward pumping wells from openings of drain horizon through the safety pillar, supply through them of a leaching solution to shrunken ore, collection of productive solutions in openings of drain horizon. Upward pumping wells from openings of drain horizon through the safety pillar are drilled to lower boundary of shrunken ore, and the leaching solution mixed with air is supplied to shrunken ore via upward pumping wells in a hydrodynamic cavitation mode. |
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Development method of water-bearing mineral deposits According to the proposed method, an open-pit field is developed with a trench; the open pit is filled with water and an extraction device is installed in it; the open-pit field is developed in downward horizontal layers with water level control after development of layers. The water-filled open-pit field is divided into the following zones: working deposit zone prepared for development and developed deposit zone; in each of the above zones there installed are water-nonpermeable screens fenced from the common open-pit field. In addition, each zone is restricted with partition walls and water level is controlled, thus providing its increase in the working zone provided that Hl>Hw+ Hs.max, where: Hl - height of horizontal layer, m; Hw - height of water column, m; Hs.max - maximum scooping height, m; and under the condition of Hw > Hds.max, there provided is water level decrease in the working zone, where Hds.max - maximum scooping depth, m; and as the extraction device is being moved to a new working zone, installation of partition walls in the prepared zone and removal from the developed zone is performed. |
Another patent 2513316.