Open cut development method for steeply low stratified deposits. RU patent 2506425.
 Development method of water-bearing mineral deposits / 2504657According to the proposed method, an open-pit field is developed with a trench; the open pit is filled with water and an extraction device is installed in it; the open-pit field is developed in downward horizontal layers with water level control after development of layers. The water-filled open-pit field is divided into the following zones: working deposit zone prepared for development and developed deposit zone; in each of the above zones there installed are water-nonpermeable screens fenced from the common open-pit field. In addition, each zone is restricted with partition walls and water level is controlled, thus providing its increase in the working zone provided that Hl>Hw+ Hs.max, where: Hl - height of horizontal layer, m; Hw - height of water column, m; Hs.max - maximum scooping height, m; and under the condition of Hw > Hds.max, there provided is water level decrease in the working zone, where Hds.max - maximum scooping depth, m; and as the extraction device is being moved to a new working zone, installation of partition walls in the prepared zone and removal from the developed zone is performed. |
 Method for open excavation of mineral deposits using crushing link and high-angle conveyors (hac) / 2501951Method involves creation of crushing and reloading stations of a semi-stationary type in sections of boards mainly on the basis of jaw crushers by obtaining a lump with the size of 400-450 mm, and then, additional crushing in screw-and-tooth crushers. Supply of rock mass by means of a feeder to a hopper with further supply to a crushing device for destruction of large lumps with the size of 700-1200 mm by means of a hammer connected with a tie-rod to a rotating flywheel with a slot, and for destruction of average lumps with the size of 400-700 mm by means of a hammer connected to the flywheel through a pin, after lumps are crushed to the sizes of 250-300 mm, they are transferred by means of feeders and conveyors to mobile cone-shaped crushers of average crushing. After that, crushed material of small size is supplied to inclined and high-angle and vertical conveyors to improve mobility and quick movement from one place to another; crushing devices are made in the form of vertical modules and located horizontally, and if necessary, productivity of a crushing device can be increased; for that purpose, more than one slits is made in a plate 250-300 mm wide, and two more slits are made in side zones. With that, impact plate may have supporting surface and possibility of quick movement. |
 Inclined hoisting unit / 2500890Unit includes a hoisting machine, a hoisting vessel moving by means of a rope (ropes) and rope-supporting rollers. With that, rope-supporting rollers are equipped with electric motors powered from the electric generator mechanically connected to the hoisting machine actuator; rollers are spring-loaded, and a friction coupling is installed between the roller and the electric motor. |
 Method of open operation of elongated deposits of steeply pitching seams / 2499139Proposed method comprises development of quarry field in steps, land filling of external and internal piles in mined out space of man-made deposit of off-grade ores. In formation of mined out space, uncovering drifts over bottom levels in boundaries and at height of planned man-made deposit are driven in ore, while at the level fixing the end of sinking jobs in the first stage outlines internal dump is cyclically piled to locate uncovering drifts therein. Said internal dump divides quarry space into zones of gotten and not gotten jobs. Simultaneously, man-made deposit is formed bordering upon quarry mined out space and internal dump. Now, proceeding with development of main deposit reserves, man-made deposit is prepared. |
 Opencast mine / 2498068Opencast mine includes sites and a trench on an end board with a crushing-overloading point arranged on the sites, as well as a belt conveyor lift in the trench, serving to crush rock mineral, unloaded from dump trucks, and its transportation to the surface with further transportation by a conveyor line to a crushing-dressing plant. The opencast mine includes an external trench, in which there is a crushing-overloading point, equipped with mobile crushing-overloading plants, and a part of a conveyor line to the crushing-dressing factory, and also a horizontal transport terrace, connecting the bottom of the outer trench with the terrace of the capital exit of the opencast mine. |
 Method to prepare ore mass for transportation with steep inclined conveyors (sic) / 2495246Method includes creation of grinding-reloading stations at the pit wall on the basis of crushers of coarse and medium crushing for transportation of rock mass by conveyors with inclination of 35-40°. Microaction at bulk pieces is carried out by intense central impact of massive hammers for crushing of bulk fraction resulting in formation of 2-3 large and a group of small fragments moved with the help of a brush for cleaning and movement of the material towards another quick-acting hammer for subsequent reduction of their dimensions to 200-250 mm and transfer into mobile cone crushers of medium crushing. Afterwards the ground material of low size arrives to steep inclined conveyors, to increase mobility and quick displacement from one place into another, crushing devices are made in the form of vertical modules and arranged horizontally. |
 Method to define quarry borders / 2492324Method, according to which quarry boards are shaped with slant angles equal to slant angles of working boards, and the quarry is expanded until the current stripping ratio reaches the value of the border stripping ratio. Points of the upper quarry contour are fixed in the final position, then, using the available position of the upper borders, the final depth is found, giving maximum possible value to slant angles of boards at the moment of completion of open works. At the moment of equality between the current stripping ratio and the border one, the slant angle of the working board is increased, provided that the current stripping ratio is equal to the border one. |
 Method to produce metals from storages of stale wastes of polymetal ore dressing / 2490465Method to produce metals from storages of stale wastes of polymetal ore dressing consists in trench opening of the storage, detection of layers containing easily dissolved forms of non-ferrous metals and layers containing noble metals, bulk extraction of stale wastes from the storage, fraction separation of stale wastes into a finer sulfide fraction dressed with noble metals and coarser fraction dressed with non-ferrous metals, and their separate leaching. |
 Method to mine bed deposits / 2490464Method includes preparation of a deposit, opening of trenches, mining of stripping rocks, filling of a dump onto underlying rocks into a mined space and mining of a mineral with an excavator, at the same time the trench during opening is arranged along the border of stocks, and filling of the dump onto underlying rocks into the mined space is carried out near the non-working flank of the opencast with simultaneous flattening. |
 Method to mine opencast working flank by high ledges / 2490463Method includes mining of a deposit with normal height of a ledge to the moment of maximum development of mining works, at which the current ratio of stripping is equal to the border one, suppression of mining works, according to the invention, at the moment of maximum development of mining works they change to mining of the opencast working flank by high ledges, provided that the current ratio of stripping is less than or equal to the border one. |
 Method for rock-blasting at open-pit mining / 2244252Large-diameter single holes are replaced by a pair of divergent holes of a smaller diameter, in which one hole is always vertical, and the other one is inclined towards the bench; the single holes of the larger diameter are replaced with a pair of divergent bundles of parallel converged holes, in which one bundle is vertical, and the other is inclined towards the bench; the single holes of the larger diameter are replaced with a pair of divergent holes of a smaller diameter, in which one hole is vertical, and the other is inclined towards the bench and positioned in the vertical plane parallel with the first one and distant from it by 1-2 hole diameters; the single holes of the larger diameter are replaced by a pair of divergent bundles of parallel converging holes, in which one bundle is vertical, and the other is inclined towards the bench and positioned in the vertical plane parallel with the first one and distant from it by 1-2 hole diameters. |
 Method for open extraction of steep-falling deposits with internal dump-forming / 2246620Method includes dividing quarry on rows, of which first one is extracted to planned depth with external dump-forming, and extraction of following rows is performed with use of internal dump-forming, placing dug rocks to extracted space of adjacent row with common displacement of dump front with development of mining operations. Second and following rows of quarry are divided on basis of height on extraction levels, extraction of uppermost level is performed with placement of dug rocks in upper dump level of extracted space of adjacent row, using surface transporting communication lines, and during extraction of second extractive level dumping of dump level of inner dump is primarily performed by forming pioneer dump at longitudinal processed edge of quarry, on upper area of which transporting lines are placed and dumping of dump level is performed from there, with descent of mining operations in working area of extractive level profile of upper dump area is altered to provided necessary cargo communications of working horizons of extractive level to dump level, after extraction of extractive level remaining pioneer dump is dug to upper mark of following extractive level, and extraction of following extractive levels is performed analogically, using reformed upper area of pioneer dump. |
 Method for building non-working quarry edge / 2246621Method includes cutting steps with varying angles. Angles of double step slopes, different on basis of quarry depth, are formed with consideration of decrease of irregularity parameters with deposit depth, with natural block level of upper horizons and influence from mass explosions and wind erosion of rocks with gradual increase of their steepness until forming of vertical slopes of double steps during additional operations in quarry, while angles of slopes and edge portions on upper horizons in highly fractured rocks may be 50-55°, in rocks of average and non-specific fracture levels - 70-60° and in low-fractured rocks may be 80-85°, and edge portions 60-90 m high in deep portion of quarry with vertical double steps and preventive berms 10 m have slant angle 80-85°. |
 Method for open extraction of mineral resources deposits / 2249697Method includes extraction of quarry to planned depth with use of quarry ore chutes with accumulating bunkers, cutting ore chutes with deepening of mining in quarry, crushing ore blocks and pieces from face from bunker walls by explosives, loading ore to railway vehicles, cutting and shutting upper portion of ore chutes at each level when mining approaches there is performed by division on beds and semi-shelves with charges in wells, providing for crushing of rock to needed dimensions and safety of mine walls, and further decrease of pieces size and increasing efficiency of ore chute operation by excluding ore suspension is achieved by use of crushing assembly in form of bowl with plate at base, working as anvil under layer of rock, from where ore mass is self-propelled to bunker, and from there by feeder is sent to crusher and further through intermediate conveyer to main conveyer. |
 Method for open extraction of mineral resources deposits / 2249698Method includes extracting quarry to planned depth by ore and rocks extraction by displacement of shelves along horizons with transferring to crushing plants, crushing rocks and then delivering them by lifting device to the surface, during extraction of quarry to planned depth at first stage during construction of board at the end of quarry in zone of decrease of power of deposit in stable rocks conveyer rope system is constructed, connected to hoisting machine, to bed with recesses, allowing to raise crushed material to large height at steep angle and with deepening of mining and displacement of crushers to lower horizons conveyer system is extended to provide for optimal transport shoulder for gathering vehicles. |
 Method for open extraction of sloping and steep-dipping deposits / 2253015Method includes opening deposit of mineral resource along its length, extraction of opened rocks in shelves, forming on one of the portions of deposit of forward extracted space reaching planned bottom, moving rocks to external dumps and into extracted space, processing and transporting of mineral resource. Deposit extraction is performed in two directions - perpendicularly to length of deposit with deepening and along length to quarry bottom, while volume of extraction of mineral resource along length is increased and volume of extraction of resources perpendicularly to length is proportionally decreased. |
 Method for open extraction of bed-like deposits / 2254476Method includes serial extraction of drifts with placement of opened rocks of drifts in extracted space of previous drifts, continuous combined processes of softening, extraction and movement of rock to dump. Drifts are positioned along cut trench, extraction is performed by adjacent horizontal shavings of face area, rock of each drift is moved by throwing directly to extracted space and compacted in range by realization of kinetic energy of rock. |
 Method for slanting of high benches on outline of open pit / 2255304The method includes drilling of contour holes for formation of a screening peephole, buffer and breaking holes to a depth corresponding to the height of one working subbench with a redrill, the middle row of breaking holes is made with an incomplete drill, charging of the openings and their blasting, dispatch of the rock, after blasting first of outline openings, for formation of the screening peephole, and then of breaking holes and mucking of the rock, similar operations are performed on the underlying subbench of the lower high bench, at the development of the lower high bench, the development of the upper and lower benches is conducted by doubling of the working subbenches, at the development of the lower subbench of the upper high bench the outline openings are drilled to the whole height of the doubled bench, the buffer openings are drilled at a distance of 12 to 13 diameters of the charge from the outline openings and to a depth at least corresponding to the height of one working subbench with a redrill equal to 6-8 diameters of the charge, the first and last rows of the breaking holes are drilled with a redrill, equal to 4-5 diameters of the charge, and the incomplete drill of the middle row of the breaking holes makes up 7-8 diameters of the charge, after blasting of the buffer and breaking opening and mucking of the rock a crest is formed, from whose surface on the side of the slope outline and buffer openings are drilled, the first ones - to the height of doubled subbenches, and the second ones - to the height at least of one lower working subbench, then the breaking openings to the same height as in the above - and underlying subbenches and for production of a natural protective bank on the upper section of the lower high bench in the section of the berm the formed ridge is liquidated by drilling, charging and blasting of the openings of small diameter and depth. |
 Method for open extraction of mineral resource deposits / 2256075Method includes opening deposit at distance 150 meters from river and forming of natural filtering wall between river and trench, pumping of water from trench into river, extraction of mineral resource, revegetation of dumps, filling of trench with water, accomplishment of formed water body. Mineral resource is extracted from two serially opened trenches - auxiliary, revegetated as water body, and main, positioned at opposite side of river, and soil from opening of which is used for revegetation of auxiliary trench, while in main trench along whole board on the side of river right beyond mining operations inner dump is formed with width not less than 250 meters and with height at same level with earth surface, water from trenches is fed into river, and then into water body through intermediate collectors, while after forming of water body currents of soil waters between trenches and river are made balanced, balance level is estimated on basis of water levels in auxiliary trench and river. |
 Method for open extraction of mineral resources deposits / 2256795Method includes extraction of quarry to planned depth in stages with construction f boards with parameters, allowed from stability condition, shutting boards, finishing mineral resource massif. Building and shutting of temporary boards during extraction of steep layers of next level after change of order of extraction of opening and ore zones is started after construction and spacing in center of cut of well-like mine with vertical shelves, with parameters, which are provided for by minimal radiuses of rounded edges enough for movement of rock via spiral chutes to surface to outer dumps, with narrowing space towards bottom at level of opened level of deep portion of deposit with lesser total coefficient of opening of stage and finally board is constructed by steep vertical shelves in deep zone. |
FIELD: oil and gas industry.
SUBSTANCE: invention pertains to mining and it can be used for development of steeply low stratified deposits, including eluvial and deluvial placers. The method includes stock penetration at independent levels, formation of working sites and extraction of minerals by mining equipment stepwise. At that formation of working sites is made from top downward; moreover steps are made by layer-by-layer extraction and horizontal shift of the mineral to the upper edge of the step and its subsequent throwing along the slope until a working site is formed thus providing safe operation of mining equipment and transport facilities.
EFFECT: creating conditions for safe operation of mining-and-transport equipment at stepwise extraction of minerals at steeply low stratified deposits and increasing efficiency of mining activities.
2 cl, 6 dwg
The invention relates to the mining works and can be used when developing obliquely lying low power bedded deposits, including eluvial and deluvial deposits.
Currently there are a large number of minerals, including gold, quartzite, building materials is small eluvial and deluvial deposits located on the slopes of valleys and narrow valleys. These placers have small capacity of 1.0 to 4.0 m and are deposited on a fairly steep slopes 20-50 degrees. The loose sediments are presented bad material. Existing technologies for developing such deposits, based on transportation of mineral resources bulldozed down the formation of Nabal in the lower part of reserves for large enough slopes (more than 35 degrees) attract high danger of mountain works, increase the wear excavation and transport equipment, and in some cases simply not acceptable due to the impossibility to lift the bulldozer reverse slope, having a slope of less than 30 degrees.
Questions of increase of safety of mountain works now very relevant and included in the list of priority directions of development of science and technologies «mitigation Technologies and reduction of consequences of natural and manmade disasters.»
There is a method of mining the desktop Board career in the period of its reconstruction [patent 2182971 of the Russian Federation, E21C 41/26 / Trubetskoy K.H. and others, publ. B. I., issue 63, №10/2002), including the development of the field ledges, education dual ledges with the increase in the height and width of the work sites.
General signs of analogue stated technical solution is to notch fossil mining equipment, messing with the formation of work sites for the use of more powerful (effective) equipment.
This method is unacceptable for the development of low-power of bedded deposits, since the minor power of the mineral cannot extend the working area by doubling the ledges.
There is a method of opencast mining of placer, including opening stocks independent horizons with excavation of the mineral ledges excavators, installed on the workplaces, and hauling his truck [Shorokhov S.M. Technology and complex mechanization of the development of alluvial deposits. - M: Nedra, 1973. - .158-159].
General characteristics of the prototype with the declared technical solution is opening stocks independent horizons, the creation of work sites and excavation of the mineral mining equipment ledges.
Comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with the prototype shows that the latter is acceptable only if a sufficiently large power of the formation of a useful mineral, which allows to form a working platform with necessary for mining equipment of sizes. When the small capacity of the reservoir of minerals on the slopes with a gradient of more than 15-20° application of this method impossible.
The claimed solution is aimed at creating conditions ensuring the possibility of developing a pan and lying low power bedded deposits mining equipment ledges.
The technical result consists in creation of conditions for the safe operation of mining transport equipment during excavation of the mineral ledges on low-power tilt lying reservoir deposits and increasing the effectiveness of mining operations.
The technical result is achieved by the method of open development obliquely lying bedded deposits described in the item 1 of the claims, including opening stocks independent horizons, the creation of work sites and dredging of the mineral mining equipment ledges, according to the invention the creation of work sites conduct from top to down, ledges formed by layer excavation and horizontal displacement of the mineral to the top edge of the ledge and a subsequent reset it to the Bank to achieve the width of a working platform, ensuring the safe operation of mining and transport equipment.
The development of the Deposit from the top down allows to reduce costs on the creation of work sites by resetting the mineral from the slope.
Layer-by-layer excavation and horizontal movement of the mineral to the top edge of the ledge allows to exclude the return of excavation and transport equipment uphill, thereby increasing the safety of operations and create conditions for the reserves, lying on the slopes with a sufficiently large bias.
Increase of a working platform in the width of the inclined layers through the discharge of the mineral from the slope allows to create safe conditions for work of any mining equipment.
Known for layer-by-layer excavation rocks horizontal layers with their warehousing by resetting the slopes [Shorokhov S.M. Technology and complex mechanization of the development of alluvial deposits. - M: Nedra, 1973. - .111]. This technique is mainly used for removal of empty rocks and is not used for mining operations in developing fields of ledges.
In the proposed method in a new set of signs of reception of layered excavation and horizontal mixing of the mineral to the top edge of the ledge and subsequent discharge him on the slope allows to form working platform necessary (safe) width. That is performs a new function, which allows to increase the efficiency of production and safe operation of mining equipment.
When designing low-power fields excavation and transport equipment originally width of a working platform is insufficient for the extraction of the mineral from the transport schemes [Leshkov V.G. Development of alluvial deposits: textbook for universities. - M: Izd. «Gornaya kniga», 2007. - .255-262]. Furthermore, at the initial stage of development of the field excavation of the mineral complicated by the absence of a working platform. The formation of a working platform by cross benches excavation and transport equipment with moving mineral down a fairly steep slopes is complicated by the difficulty in return for mining machines up the slope. Therefore, the excavation of the mineral should be horizontal layers.
The technical result is achieved by the method of open development obliquely lying low power bedded deposits described in paragraphs 1 and 2 of the claims, including the creation of work sites from the top down and the formation of ledges by layer excavation and horizontal movement of the mineral to the top edge of the ledge and a subsequent reset it to the Bank to achieve the width of a working platform, ensuring the safe operation of mining and transport equipment, according to the invention layers notch and horizontal movement of mineral carry out longitudinal diagonal slaughter excavation and transport equipment.
While at the initial stage of developing the reserves of excavation of minerals produced, as a rule, longitudinal slaughter with Stripping sole reservoir lateral part of the working body excavation and transport equipment. With the expansion of the working site excavation of the mineral continues diagonal slaughter. Excavation of the mineral diagonal slaughter and enables to extend to the desired value, providing sufficient filling of the working body excavation and transport equipment (blade of the bulldozer, bucket loader) minerals.
Currently known technological scheme bulldozer development with the opening of stocks oblique (diagonal) departure [ V.G. Development of alluvial deposits: textbook for universities. - M: Izd. «Gornaya kniga», 2007. - .296-299], which is used for steep ridges at the height of the ledges 5-9 m
Scheme of opening an oblique face is intended to generate dumps on steep valley slopes, which allows to increase the height of the rocks at an acceptable (as a rule, maximum) coal out of the bulldozer.
In the proposed technical solution diagonal apply a working face during excavation rocks horizontal layers and transportation of rocks on horizontal work sites.
Differences from prototype to prove the «newness» of the proposed method.
The uncertainty of the impact of signs, similar to the distinctive essential features of the proposed method, the technical result is achieved by the proposed technical solution proves its compliance with the condition of patentability of «inventive step».
The invention is illustrated by drawings, where 1 is given technological scheme of formation of the working platforms ledges, where
1 - minerals;
2 - underlain by rocks;
3 - working Playground;
4 - upper Brovka ledge;
5 - retired horizontal layer of useful minerals;
6 - excavation-and-transport equipment (bulldozer).
Figure 2 shows a plan of the initial stage of forming a work site on the slope of the longitudinal slaughter.
Figure 3 shows a plan with an intermediate stage of the formation of a working platform on the slope of the longitudinal slaughter.
Figure 4 shows a plan of the final stage of formation of a working platform on the slope of the diagonal slaughter.
Figure 5 shows the technological scheme of mining excavator loading mineral in motor transport (the plan).
Figure 6 shows the technological scheme of mining excavator loading mineral in road transport (incision).
Positions 1 to 6 are the same as those in figure 1.
7 - excavator;
8 - dump truck.
Method of open development obliquely lying low power bedded deposits is as follows.
At the initial stage of the longitudinal (Fig 1 and 2) bulldozer 6 forms of mineral 1 horizontal platform for the entire length of the front of works. When reaching the site of sufficient width (8-12 m) bulldozer moves to the work of the diagonal slaughter (figure 4). Lowering site with Stripping bedrock 2 are uniformly distributed along the entire length of the front horizontal layers 5 through reset the mineral from the top edge of the ledge 4. For safe operation of mining 7 and transport 8 bulldozer equipment creates a working stage 3 width not less than 20-30 meters
After the formation of a working platform of sufficient width is placed on it equipment 7, which carries out the seizure of the mineral ledges with loading it in 8 vehicles.
After working off the ledge along the entire length of the working platform on underlaying horizon expands to required dimensions diagonal slaughter of excavation-and-transport equipment.
Figure 5 and 6 are technological parameters of the method of open development obliquely lying low power bedded deposits, calculated in relation to one of the deposits of quartzites (crust of weathering the average power of the mineral in which 2 m, and the angle of inclination of the reservoir is about 25 degrees.
Bulldozer CAT D9R (N DV = 345 kV) shall collect and transportation (fuel directions) debris on the slope of career fields for Nabal, which could have formed a working platform for the work of the excavator CAT 349DL (bucket capacity of 2.1 m 3 ). Parameters of the working site is determined by the technological scheme of excavator CAT 349DL with loading into dump trucks CAT 725 (capacity 23,6 t, body capacity 14.3 m 3 ).
1. Method of open development obliquely lying low power bedded deposits, including opening stocks independent horizons, the creation of work sites and dredging of the mineral mining equipment ledges, characterized in that the formation of the working platforms conduct from top to down, ledges formed by layer excavation and horizontal displacement of the mineral to the top edge of the ledge and a subsequent reset it to the Bank to achieve the width of a working platform, ensuring the safe operation of mining and transport equipment.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the level-by-level notch and horizontal movement of mineral carry out longitudinal diagonal slaughter excavation and transport equipment.