Method for large-scale explosive destruction of mine rock masses of complex structure for selective extraction of mineral deposit at open-pit mining

FIELD: blasting operations.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to mining industry, and namely to open-pit mining operations at development of ore and non-ore blocks of mineral deposits, the sections of which are sufficiently different as to mining-and-geological structure and quality of a valuable component, and namely to selective extraction of a mineral deposit by large-scale explosive destruction of mine rock masses of a complex structure. In rows of charges, which cross different-type mine rocks, well and group beam charges are located; group beam charges are located in sections requiring intense crushing. The latter are located in sections requiring intense crushing with direction of a convex beam surface towards intense crushing; row-by-row explosive breakage of single well and group beam charges is performed, thus performing row-by-row extension of nominal diameter of an explosion cavity.

EFFECT: preserving integrity of geometry of locations of large volumes of mine rocks within their initial geological location before and after large-scale explosions.

2 cl, 3 dwg

The invention relates to mining in open-cast mining in the development of metallic and non-metallic blocks of mineral deposits, areas which vary significantly in geological structure and as a useful component, namely the selective extraction of mineral scale explosive destruction of the mountain massifs of the complex structure.

Known methods multi-row blasting ledges for excavation gross way, which form different ways of crushing rock explosion, accompanied by the movement and mixing of the rock mass in the collapse of the ledge, and the width and direction of zagadki excavator providing a sequence extraction of minerals [USI. The processes of surface mining. M.: Nedra, 1974, .l29].

The disadvantage of this method is the impossibility of extraction of minerals, intermittent local arbitrary shape and location of the sections of rock inside a block of complex-structured deposits, without stirring, distinguished by geological structure and as a useful component sections.

There is a method to separate breakage and split excavation in the development of the ore bodies, which includes the combined separate blasting, when the vertical is s or inclined wells have only along the contour, creating the screen, and within the area of the blasting are vertical borehole charges separate blasting on the split trench.

The separate development of complex rock faces characterized by the use of drilling and blasting operations, allowing you to modify the character of destruction of rocks by regulating energy distribution in the destroyed volume changes the volume concentration of energy EXPLOSIVES and the amount of energy in 1 m downhole charge bombings directed action taking into account the peculiarities of the geological structure [Vinosec, Adesco, Vaetisi. The destruction of rocks. M.: Nedra, 1975].

The disadvantage of this method is that the use of multi-row blasting in complex-structured arrays due to the obligatory presence of a clip or unharvested rock mass, the value of which is calculated without taking into account changes in the intensity of destruction of rocks by the width and depth of the block. With this method of blasting is not ensured the safety of the array within its initial geological location. Another disadvantage is the fact that the use of wells of the same diameter leads to a rapid decrease in the number of exploding ranks because of the formation of some limit on their number, associated with the necessity of overcoming the next subsequent rising on the power charges the same diameter. That is, increasing the load is not compensated by the constant energy of the charge.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a method for selective extraction of high quality mineral career, including the drilling of wells in accordance with the project massive explosion, the execution of surveying unit, the study of natural blocking of rocks, the delineation of high-quality ore, loading wells explosive, blasting wells and excavation of the mineral from the planogram referring ore mining [the Patent for invention №2208221, 14.10.1992, Ed. Eremenko, A.A., Eismont, S.N., Smirnov, S.M., Burmin G.M., Ermak G.P. (prototype)].

The disadvantage of this method is low manufacturability, reflected in the need for prior determination of the place of education Ironman compensation cavities by drilling additional compensation non-rechargeable wells with their binding to the major fracture systems. This method also suffers from the disadvantage of the previously described method separate blasting and separate excavation in the development of the ore bodies, as the diameter of the borehole, as in other ways of solving this problem is not modified.

The aim of the invention is to preserve the geometry of the locations of large volumes of rock massif within them the touch geological location before and after large-scale mass explosion, achieving selectivity of the degree of crushing when variopedatus sites different types of rocks in the plan, and in the depth of difficult structural unit with the technology of the usual form, but large-scale essentially a massive explosion at public works, the creation of conditions for stable and efficient selective excavation disassembly of complex-structured bottom with a decrease in the number of movements of cargo vehicles, achieving almost unlimited mnogogrannosti mass explosion, getting close to zero bias thump of hands part of the array, eliminating the need for clamping in the form of uncollected rock mass through the development and application of new blasting and combinations of schemes deceleration until the instant of detonation the whole block.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the way of large-scale explosive destruction of the mountain massifs of complex structures for selective extraction of minerals on public works are line extensions of conditional diameter of the explosive cavity by the application of beam charges with variable number of holes in the beam, increasing the number of wells in each of which, starting from the second row, is determined from the relation:

$$N_i=\frac{nW}{}$$, PCs,

where N_i- the number of wells in group beam charge of the i-th row, PCs;

n is the number of the i-th row of the group of beam charges, starting from the second;

W - the line of least resistance borehole charges of the first row, m;

l - the size of the free surface per borehole charge, and is numerically equal to the distance between the charges in the first row of wells, M.

Volumetric energy density of explosion group beam charge of the i-th row or conditional diameter change is inversely proportional to the change of the coefficient of loosening smitten rock mass determined by dependencies:

$$M_{BB}^i=\frac{M_{BB}}{k_p^i}$$, MJ/m³,

where$$M_{BB}^i$$volumetric energy density explosives i-th row of the group of beam charges, MJ/m³;

M_BBvolumetric energy density explosives of the first row group of beam charges, MJ/m³;

$$k_p^i$$ - the rate of loosening in the blasting of the i-th row of the group of beam charges.

In the neighboring group of beam charges in a row, and between them, establish shaped charges with planar symmetry of the linear form with the orientation axis cumulative grooves in directions vertical or slightly inclined contacts. In the Central wells group fascicular charges set shaped charges with planar symmetry of the ring shape with the orientation axis of cumulative extraction charge on the directions of horizontal or sloping contacts. Short-delay blasting group fascicular charges produced from the second and subsequent rows, with increasing degree of deceleration of each subsequent number by a value not less than

$$\Delta t=\frac{W}{C_{mp}}$$,

where Δt is the increase in the level of deceleration, MS;

W_i- the line of least resistance group beam charge of the i-th row, m;

C_mp- the growth rate of cracks in the rock, m/S.

The last blow borehole charges of the first row.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows the selective extraction of minerals large-scale explosive destruction of the forge the x arrays on public works in the development of fields in complex structures. Figure 2 shows the position of the shaped charges with planar symmetry of the linear form with a counter location at the wells group of beam charges. Figure 3 shows the location of the shaped charges with planar symmetry of a circular form, mounted on the contact areas polytypic species with orientation of the axis of the cumulative extraction of charge in the direction of the contacts of the different types of rocks.

The way of large-scale explosive destruction of the mountain massifs of complex structures for selective extraction of minerals on public works includes drilling in the array 1 series single hole charges 2, beam borehole charges 3, 4, 5, the number of wells in which increases in proportion to the ratio of clamp loading wells 6 and 7 full-time and conversion CENTURIES with variable volumetric energy density, the formation of the combined charges 8 with a variable amount of energy in their lower part, installation in a neighboring group of beam charges in series and between the opposing shaped charges 9 with planar symmetry, installation in the Central wells group of beam charges, shaped charges 10 with planar symmetry of the ring shape with the orientation axis cumulative excavation in areas of horizontal or sloping contacts 11 ore 12 and mountains who's breeds 13, short-delay blasting hole charges, starting from the second and subsequent rows with increasing degree of deceleration of each subsequent row.

The method is implemented as follows (figure 1).

In complex-structured the rock to produce 1 line explosive breaking of the clamp single borehole charges 2 using group fascicular charges 3, 4, 5, which number in the next row up, depending on the settings of break-down. To do this, each group of beam charge next, starting from the second row, produces an increase in the number of wells is determined from the ratio of$$N_i=\frac{nW}{l}$$. Depending on the characteristics of rocks, depending on the limit, the value of$$\frac{W}{l}$$accepts a value from 0.7 to 1.5.

When a non-integer number of wells in group beam charge produce rounding. The volumetric concentration of energy of explosion group beam charge wells 6 and 7 varies inversely with the change in the coefficient of loosening of borehole charges by the dependence of$$M_{BB}^i=\frac{{}_{BB}}{k_p^i}$$.

Thus, the increase of the load on each of them by increasing increasing the overall effect of the clip into the shattered unit is compensated by the increase in energy charges in subsequent rows. Additional load balancing borehole charges implemented by the creation of combined length charges 8 powerful, including the conversion of explosives. Energy in the lower part of the charges is determined by the dependence of$$Q_{BB}^i=\frac{\pi d^2\mathrm{0,6}{W}_{i}n{M}_{BB}^i}{4k_p^i}$$. The main difference from equipment such blasting is the number of exploding ranks, which in conventional practice is limited to a small number, limited by the capacity and energy of the explosion of a single borehole charge 2, adopted on the basis of the technical capabilities of the drilling equipment, diameter. New technology is a limitation on the power of the number of subsequent layers borehole charges, due to the (limited) perhaps the authorities of drilling equipment, in principle there is no.

The formation of local areas of the rock mass of ore and rock (figure 2), not mixed by the Bang on a ledge and the height of the collapse, comparable to the height of the ledge before the explosion, carry out the installation in a neighboring group of beam charges as in the row and between rows of shaped charges 9 with planar symmetry of the linear form, available in the directions vertical or slightly inclined contact and meet each other in wells beam charges. Shaped charges 10 flat circular symmetry of the form (3) is placed on pin 13 of ore 11 and breed 12 with orientation axis cumulative excavation in areas of horizontal or sloping contacts.

In the series of charges crossing heterogeneous rocks, have a well and a group of beam charge and beam group charges have on the sites requiring enhanced crushing direction convex surface group beam charge in the direction of the plot increased crushing.

Thus, in the adjacent borehole and a group of beam charges in a row, and between them establish shaped charges with planar symmetry of the linear form with the orientation axis cumulative grooves in directions vertical or slightly inclined contacts;

in the borehole and the Central wells of the GRU is powerful beam charges set shaped charges with planar symmetry of the ring shape with the orientation axis of cumulative extraction charge on the directions of horizontal or sloping contacts;

- blasting charges begin simultaneous detonation of shaped charges, then the short-delay blasting subsequent rows, starting from the second, and with increasing degree of deceleration of each subsequent number by a value not less than

$$\Delta t=\frac{W}{C_{mp}}$$,

where Δt is the increase in the level of deceleration, MS;

W_i- the line of least resistance beam charge i-series, m;

C_mp- the growth rate of cracks in the rock, m/S.

The last blow borehole charges of the first row. Combinations of schemes deceleration explosives, including instant camouflage, the degree of preservation of the geometry of the location of the destroyed volume massif up to the state of zero degree offset to the source, which creates favorable conditions for selective excavation disassembly of complex-structured face, greatly increasing its effectiveness. To obtain such a degree of offset of the array and eliminate the need to use clean rock during blasting of the first row, first blow up a group of beam charges 3 and subsequent rows 4 and 5 with increasing degree of deceleration of each subsequent number by a value not less than$\Delta t=\frac{W}{C_{mp}}$.

Cab large-scale explosive destruction of the mountain massifs of complex structures for selective extraction of minerals on public works, including the use of natural blocking and destruction of rocks, the delineation of high-quality ore, blasthole drilling, loading explosive compositions, blasting schemes and parameters of drilling and blasting operations in accordance with the project massive explosion and excavation of the mineral from the planogram referring ore Characterized in that in complex-structured array of rocks crossing of diverse types in the series have a single well or group of beam charges, the latter have in areas requiring enhanced crushing with the direction of the convex surface of the beam towards increased fragmentation, produce rows explosive breaking of a single well or group of beam charges the clamp through line extension conditional diameter of the explosive cavity, which shall increase the number of wells in each subsequent beam, starting from the second row and determine the number of downhole beam charges in the beam of the i-th row of ratios:
$$N_i=\frac{nW}{l}$$, PC,
where N_i- the number of wells in group beam charge of the i-th row, PCs;
n is the number of the i-th row of the downhole beam charges, starting from the second;
W - the line of least resistance borehole charges of the first row, m;
l - the size of the free surface per borehole charge, and is numerically equal to the distance between the charges in the first row of wells, m;
depending on the characteristics of rocks the size of$$\frac{W}{l}$$accepts a value from 0.7 to 1.5;
the volumetric concentration of the energy of the blast borehole beam charge of the i-th row or conditional diameter change is inversely proportional to the change of the coefficient of loosening smitten rock mass based on:
$$M_{BB}^i=\frac{M_{BB}}{k_p^i}$$, MJ/m³,
where$$M_{BB}^i$$volumetric energy density explosives i-th row of the group of beam is Uryadov, MJ/m³;
M_BBvolumetric energy density explosives 1 group number of beam charges, MJ/m³;
$$k_p^i$$- the rate of loosening when the detonations of the i-th row of the group of beam charges;
in the neighboring group of beam charges as in the row and between rows set the shaped charges with planar symmetry of the linear form with the orientation axis cumulative grooves in directions vertical or slightly inclined contacts in the Central wells group fascicular charges set shaped charges with a flat circular symmetry of the shape and orientation of the axis of the cumulative extraction charge on the directions of horizontal or sloping contacts, short-delay blasting charges are starting from the second and subsequent rows, with increasing degree of deceleration of each subsequent number by a value not less than Δt:
$$\Delta t=\frac{W_{\iota }}{C_{mp}}$$,
where Δt is the increase in the level of deceleration, MS;
W_i- the line of least resistance group beam charge of the i-th row, m;
C_mp- the growth rate of cracks in goriparthi, m/s;
and the last blow borehole charges of the first row.

2. The way of large-scale explosive destruction of the mountain massifs of complex structures for selective extraction of minerals on public works according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional compensation of the load on the charges carried out by creating a combined length of the powerful charges, including conversion, explosives, energy which in the lower part determined by the formula:
$$Q_{BB}^i=\frac{\pi d^2\mathrm{0,6}{W}_{i}n{M}_{BB}^i}{4k_p^i}$$, MJ,
where$$Q_{BB}^i$$- energy lower part of the i-th row of the group of beam charges, MJ;
$$k_p^i$$- the rate of loosening when the detonations of the i-th row of the group of beam charges;
d - diameter wells in the group that determined the charge of the i-th row, m;
W_i- the line of least resistance group beam charge of the i-th row, m;
$$M_{BB}^i$$volumetric energy density explosives i-th row of the group of beam hole charges, MJ/m³;
n is the number of wells in group beam charge of the i-th row.