Method of crop planting and cultivation of lupins on green fertilizer |
|
IPC classes for russian patent Method of crop planting and cultivation of lupins on green fertilizer (RU 2229781):
 The way land reclamation / 2229780
The invention relates to the field of plant production and for the restoration of soil fertility
 The method of growing potatoes / 2229204
The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods for cultivation of seed and ware potatoes in various conditions
 Phytoremediation method of cleaning soil from heavy metals / 2229203
The invention relates to the field of biological treatment of soils contaminated with heavy metals
 A method of increasing seed production of licorice in natural thickets in the lower volga region / 2227970
The invention relates to agriculture and can be used on degraded irrigated lands to create licorice industry seeding and productivity of wild thickets sowing seeds licorice and licorice Ural high productivity in areas of growth, mainly in the South of the Lower Volga region
 The method of growing potatoes / 2226327
The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of growing potatoes
 How viticultural oil-contaminated soils / 2225086
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and can be used to eliminate the toxic effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on soil and crop plants
 The method of restoring soil fertility / 2224398
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to restore fertility to low productive arable land, contaminated land, erosion-prone slopes
 The method of growing potatoes / 2224397
The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in potato production
Method for restoration of contaminated soil, ground and water / 2243638
Method involves mechanical removal of excessive contaminants from surface and reducing toxicity of contaminated soil; sowing green manure crops and perennial grasses; preliminarily removing taking soil samples from contaminated surface and separating native contaminant destructors therefrom; after mechanical removal of contaminant from soil surface, providing sequential treatment of plot soil with water-soluble humates and at least double treatment with native contaminant destructors; mellowing soil; applying lime with mineral fertilizers such as saltpeter, double superphosphate and calcium chloride. Green manure crops are sown after application of fertilizers. Method further involves grinding green manure crops, plowing into soil and covering with soil by means of covering roll.
 Method for thermal soil amelioration (versions) / 2244392
Method involves cultivating soil by forming ridges after germination of weedage and providing subsequent cultivation procedures by breaking formerly formed ridges and forming new ridges; providing presowing soil treatment by embedding germinated weedage, stubble and other plant remains axially of ridges and simultaneously introducing microbiological humus-forming preparation; 20-40 days after introducing of humus-forming preparation (according to first version), breaking formerly formed ridges and forming new ones and simultaneously sowing late crops; according to second version, providing sowing of farm crops simultaneously with embedding of germinated weedage and introducing of humus-forming preparation. Methods allow total of active soil temperatures during presowing period to be increased owing to composting effect.
Sandy land reclamation method / 2244393
Method involves applying lime and organic fertilizer into humus-depleted soil, said organic fertilizer being introduced in the form of ground plant remains and/or other forms in an amount of up to 40% the volume of ridges by distributing said fertilizer in furrows between ridges; forming ridges in the course of presowing treatment; applying layer of colmatant providing total volume of at least 20% the volume of pores of formed fertile layer; forming ridges with following breaking of formerly created ridges; embedding organic fertilizer and simultaneously applying biologically active preparation; 30-40 days later, reapplying organic fertilizer; reforming ridges and simultaneously irrigating ground organic with biologically active preparation; sowing seeds of cultured crops.
Method for cultivation of soya for seed under clearly defined continental climate conditions / 2244394
Method involves sowing sorts of soya with different ripening time; simultaneously sowing sorts of soya of at least four different ripening time in adjacent rows, with early ripening sorts being combined with late ripening sorts; setting seeding norm for early ripening sorts of soya in the range of 600,000-650,000 pieces/hectare and for late ripening sorts of soya in the range of 400,000-450,000 pieces/hectare.
Method for protecting of sown wheat crop from complex of pests / 2245010
Method involves forming entomofauna of crop agrocenosis by accumulating pests on restricted territory for creating attracting strips of spring wheat of two sowing periods with break-off time between said periods of five to seven days around winter wheat strips; providing feed stock conveyor system for complex of pests; applying insecticides only on basic winter wheat strips and attracting strips of spring wheat strips, with basic spring wheat strips being excluded from treatment process.
Method for enrichment of soil during cultivation of farm crops / 2246196
Method involves applying alternative organic fertilizer into soil, with alternative organic fertilizer being straw used in an amount of 4.5-5.6 t/hectare and green mass of stubble green manure crop (lupine) used in an amount of 7.9-8.6 t/hectare; plowing-in said organic fertilizer into soil in the autumn.
 Method and apparatus for irrigation during plowing / 2246820
Method involves cutting furrow by means of soil cutting tool; feeding water or liquid fertilizer into furrow and covering furrow. Uniform distribution of fertilizer applied to compound intersected relief is provided by forming web of height smaller than plowing depth by 0.4-0.7 time before supplying of water or liquid fertilizer into open furrow. Apparatus has frame with plow bodies equipped with tine having share and moldboard and fixed on frame. Web forming device mounted on frame behind outer plow body is made in the form of rotor with vertical shaft of rotation and blades for moving soil from ridges of adjacent plowed strips. Apparatus has drive. Rotor drive is kinematically connected and aligned with frame carrier wheel.
 Method and working tool for improving natural licorice undergrowth / 2247478
Method involves mowing and grinding licorice vegetative buds and accompanying plants in association of low-productivity licorice undergrowth by means of haying machines to produce cuttings; while mowing, uniformly distributing ground mass over surface of mown strip; providing marker lines and placing planting material in narrow strips at predetermined spacing, with high-quality cuttings of 4-5 years licorice rootages of 12-18 mm diameter and 18-25 cm length being used as planting material; mellowing strips and cutting inclined slits by means of tillage tool; during advancement of machine, moving planting material into inclined slits; simultaneously with planting of cuttings, providing grooves for receiving of mineral fertilizer in surface of inclined wall of slit by means of slitter tine equipped with tiered cutters made in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds; placing nitrogenous fertilizer at norm of 0.2-0.6 kg/running meter in upper tier and phosphorous fertilizer at norm of 1.3-1.8 kg/running meter in middle tier; introducing into lower layer potash fertilizer at norm of 0.8-1.6 kg/running meter for development of plants at second and third years of life; after introducing of mineral fertilizer and placing of cuttings, compacting mellowed strips above inclined slits by means of ring-lug roller sections. Nozzle of pneumatic pipeline is arranged above each cutter. Each pneumatic pipeline is individually connected with seeding unit for withdrawal from fertilizer box of nitrogenous, phosphorous or potash fertilizer. Seeding units are kinematically connected with supporting wheel. Each pneumatic pipeline of tine-cutter is connected with pressure cavity of high-pressure fan equipped with hydraulic drive.
 Method for cultivation of red clover in clearly defined continental climate / 2248109
Method involves sowing red clover (trifolium pratense L.) and cover crop at optimal time in spring; after harvesting of preceding crop, providing stubble breaking to 0.06-0.08 m depth and ameliorating mellowing to 0.6-0.8 m depth; applying phosphorous-potash fertilizer to provide for 3-4 year life of plants; plowing soil while turning layers by means of bottom-moldboard plows to 0.25-0.27 m depth while fully embedding stubble remains; after deep ameliorating tillage combined with turning of root layer, providing irrigation at the end of September - beginning of October at irrigation rate of 700-900 m3/hectare for keeping pre-irrigation soil moisture threshold; closing moisture feeding in early spring by means of heavy harrows in two tracks transverse to center ridges during moldboard plowing and simultaneously leveling field relief; providing cultivation to 0.05-0.08 m depth for killing cold-resistant weeds by means of A-hoes; providing presowing and postsowing compaction for increasing soil density in seeding layer at 0-10 cm depth; performing interlace sowing in early spring (0.30 m) of cover crop (oats, less commonly barley) at seeding rate of (3.0-3.5)·106 pieces of seeds per 1 hectare (continuous sowing at seeding rate of (8.5-9.5)·106 pieces per hectare to 0.03-0.04 m depth on light soil and 0.02-0.03 m depth on heavy soil for producing of 450-500 plants per 1 m2 at full germination phase, 250-300 plants at spring growing phase of second year of life, 200-220 plants per 1 m2 at spring growing phase of third year of life; providing mineral feeding by applying rated norms of phosphorous-potash fertilizer for stock plowing for three years of utilization of herbage, and applying differentiated doses of nitrous fertilizer for further mowing. Application of up to 100 kg/hectare of nitrogen during growing period at maximal dose of 35 kg/hectare for first mowing provides yield of up to 60 t/hectare of green mass, and application of 130 kg of nitrogen per hectare during growing period at maximal dose of 45 kg/hectare for first mowing provides yield of up to 80 t/hectare of green mass. Yield of 40 t/hectare of green mass is provided at irrigation norm of 850 m3/hectare with minimal period between irrigation procedures of 14-16 days, with total irrigation norm making 3,200-3,400 m3/hectare. Clover is mown at flowering phase. Time between green mass harvesting and irrigation procedures is reduced to 1-3 days. Last mowing procedure is performed 25-30 days before air temperature reaches 00C.
 Method for cultivation of perennial fodder grasses / 2248110
Method involves periodically mowing biomass; irrigating and applying mineral fertilizer in spring at initial grass growing stage and for feeding after each mowing operation; after harvesting of preceding crop, providing pre-plowing irrigation at norm of 300-400 m3/hectare and ameliorating mellowing to 0.4-0.6 m depth; plowing to 0.25-0.27 m depth with turning of soil layer; mellowing top layer by means of cultivators to 0.08-0.012 m depth; leveling microrelief of irrigated field by means of levelers; providing interlace sowing of leguminous crops, such as lucerne and clover, and meadow grass crops, such as meadow fescue and orchard grass, at seeding norm of 4.8·106, 5.4·106, 5.5·106 and 8.1·106 pieces of seed per hectare, respectively, with grass mixtures being composed of two or four crops; keeping seeding depth in the range of 0.02-0.03 and 0.05-0.06 m; maintaining mineral feeding mode by applying phosphorous-potash fertilizer at norm rated for plowing for stock sufficient for 3-4 year usage of herbage; applying nitrous fertilizer in differentiated doses for mowing; applying 60 kg/hectare of nitrous fertilizer at growing period at maximal dose for first mowing of 40 kg/hectare to provide for guaranteed yield of up to 50 t/hectare of green mass; 80 kg/hectare at maximal dose for first mowing of 60 kg/hectare to provide for herbage yield of up to 70 t/hectare of green mass, and 100 kg/hectare at maximal dose of 70 kg/hectare for first mowing to provide for guaranteed yield of grass mixture of up to 90 t/hectare; keeping irrigation mode within the range of 60-80% norm of moisture. Green mass yield of from 50 to 90 t/hectare is provided with total irrigation norm of 2,550-3,250 m3/hectare to 3,600-4,050 m3/hectare. Interval between green mass harvesting and irrigation procedures at growing period is reduced to 2-3 days. Agronomical care involves harrowing of last years crop fields, after mowing of grass for green feed, and in autumn - slitting field of young crop field of second and third years of life of plants to 0.4-0.6 m depth.
|
(57) Abstract: The invention relates to the field of agriculture, particularly crop production, and may find application in the cultivation of lupins in biological farming. The method involves planting green manure crops stripes on the width of the planter, cleaned of green mass and its zapaska. Sowing produce three Lupin species: yellow, white, blue, sequentially with an interval of 8-10 days depending on the length of the vegetation period of each species and varieties, starting late and ending early-maturing varieties, and zapaska all types of exercise at the same time in autumn when the transition temperature of 0C. The invention improves the efficiency of the method. table 1. The invention relates to the field of agriculture, particularly crop production, and may find application in the cultivation of lupins in biological farming. The known method of planting and cultivation of lupins on the green manure (fertilizer), when produced zapaska one species of lupine in a mixture of manure or mineral fertilizers (K. I. Dowman “Green manure”.M.: IN Agropromizdat, 1990, S. 134-135). In a known way for more app is ez manure and fertilizers, the accumulated biological nitrogen easily washed away from the soil in the deeper layers, and a large part is bonded to the oxygen of the air, evaporates. The result is a significant part of the useful nitrogen compounds is lost. The closest technological solution is the way, when lupins are sown strips to the width of the planter, and at the time of harvest of green mass scatter crop plants on both sides of the UN-cropped strips, then plowed into the soil (patent 2159028 And 01 In 79/02, 2000). The prototype method is not effective enough, because on a clean, UN-cropped strips no nodule bacteria and does not accumulate biological nitrogen. Plowed green lose weight nitrogenous compounds until spring. When sowing lupine (as in the prototype) in the spring, a large part of the nitrate forms for the autumn-winter period is leached to deeper layers of the soil and becomes unavailable to the plant subsequent crops in rotation culture. When zapaska lupine in the summer due to high temperature, the air in the tilled soil and sufficient moisture will go rapid aerobic decomposition plowed mass. By the time of crop nitrogen substances are lost. Sledovat. This objective is achieved in that the lupine three types: yellow, white and narrow-leaved sow successively equal stripes with an interval of 8-10 days depending on the length of the vegetation period of each species and varieties, starting late and ending early, and zapaska all kinds of produce together at the end of the autumn period when the transition temperature of 0C. The method is as follows. In the link of crop rotation biological farming after winter forage crops (such as winter rape) are sown Lupin yellow with a length of growing period of more than 120 days on the width of the planter szu-3,6 strips, leaving a length for the other two species, white and blue, i.e., 7,2 m Feature yellow lupine that in the initial period it grows slowly, initially developing extensive root system. Of all sown species yellow has the longest growing period (within 120-132 days). During budding plants reach a height of 40-45 see After 8-10 days are sown white Lupin, having a length of vegetation period 106-110 days. This kind of lupine grows more intense, but in contrast to yellow is less than the areas of the left lanes. Lupine white develops greater aboveground mass taller than 50 cm Due to more rapid growth of lupine white suppresses weeds. The white lupine plants do not form shoots the third and subsequent order that provides friendly maturation and flowering of the first species of lupine formed a sufficient number of nodules. In the rest of the band are sown last view - narrow-leaved lupine with the short vegetation period (92-105 days). This kind of lupine faster of the two previous increases aboveground mass and the number of nitrogen-fixing nodule bacteria. Plant height 50-60 see the blue lupine (green weight) the most rich in protein. The harvest of aboveground mass (dry matter) 135 kg/ha or 30-50 kg/ha higher than that of white and yellow. The parameters of the method (8-10 days) are due to the length of the growing season and the ability of each species to accumulate aboveground mass and biological nitrogen. When planting a single species of lupine (white or yellow) green mass accumulates significantly less. The planting of one species narrow-leaved lupine gives a high-protein and larger mass, but a short growing season does not provide dosani, we create conditions for anaerobic decomposition. At the transition temperature 0C through the soil temperature will be lower than in the summer. Luminova weight will decompose more slowly accumulating organic matter in the soil, and with him and a sedentary organic nitrogen. Received nitrogen at different stages of nodule development of three species of lupine slows down the transition in thin form, will tie up the nitrogen leaching due to the powerful vegetative mass and slow down the process of decomposition will be retained by the spring in the same soil layer, where leafy fertilizer. In the spring after manure crop Lupin planted potatoes, requiring for their development of nitrogen fertilizer. The potato going on the layer of green manure increases, the amount of starch in the tubers, no increased harmful doses of nitrates and nitrites. If sown all three together, rather than sequentially at intervals, the amount of biological nitrogen will be less, as each sowing lupine different along the length of the vegetation period, and hence the interfacial periods when there is an intensive formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules. Example 1. Cleared winter rape for green fodder in the first decade of June. Field periphereal 120-125 days. Sowing solid. The seeding rate of 170-180 kg/ha Depth of seeding 3-4 cm Sowing was carried planter szu-3,6 one lane on the width of the planter 3.6 m, leaving 2 strips for planting lupine white and narrow width of 7.2 m After 8 days (18-26 July) were sown white Lupin (grade Gamma) with the length of the vegetation period 106-108 days the same drill with a seeding rate of 120-130 kg/ha, 8 days 26 July to 4 August for the rest of the band were sown narrow-leaved lupine (grade green manure-38) with a seeding rate of 125-140 kg/ha. In late October, when the transition temperature 0C was all leafy field. To this period the yellow lupine reached the phase formation beans, lupine white - phase full bloom, and narrow - beginning of flowering. Beveled all kinds of lupine were in leafy soil to the depth of the arable layer of 20-25 cm Example 2. The method was carried out as in the first example with an interval of three seeding species in 10 days and increase seeding rate by 5-10%. The results of the experiments are summarized in table. Thus, zapaska consistently three Lupin species can increase the harvest of aboveground mass to 92,5 kg/ha in comparison with the prototype, the number of biological nitrogen to 67 kg/ha While the yield poledrini you can harvest high-quality potatoes. Method of crop planting and cultivation of lupins on green manure, including planting green manure crops stripes on the width of the planter, cleaned of green mass and its zapaska, characterized in that produce a crop of three species of lupine yellow, white, narrow-leaved sequentially with an interval of 8-10 days depending on the length of the vegetation period of each species and varieties, starting late and ending early, and zapaska all types of exercise at the same time in autumn when the transition temperature of 0°C.
|
