Method for protecting of sown wheat crop from complex of pests |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
IPC classes for russian patent Method for protecting of sown wheat crop from complex of pests (RU 2245010):
Method for cultivation of soya for seed under clearly defined continental climate conditions / 2244394
Method involves sowing sorts of soya with different ripening time; simultaneously sowing sorts of soya of at least four different ripening time in adjacent rows, with early ripening sorts being combined with late ripening sorts; setting seeding norm for early ripening sorts of soya in the range of 600,000-650,000 pieces/hectare and for late ripening sorts of soya in the range of 400,000-450,000 pieces/hectare.
Sandy land reclamation method / 2244393
Method involves applying lime and organic fertilizer into humus-depleted soil, said organic fertilizer being introduced in the form of ground plant remains and/or other forms in an amount of up to 40% the volume of ridges by distributing said fertilizer in furrows between ridges; forming ridges in the course of presowing treatment; applying layer of colmatant providing total volume of at least 20% the volume of pores of formed fertile layer; forming ridges with following breaking of formerly created ridges; embedding organic fertilizer and simultaneously applying biologically active preparation; 30-40 days later, reapplying organic fertilizer; reforming ridges and simultaneously irrigating ground organic with biologically active preparation; sowing seeds of cultured crops.
 Method for thermal soil amelioration (versions) / 2244392
Method involves cultivating soil by forming ridges after germination of weedage and providing subsequent cultivation procedures by breaking formerly formed ridges and forming new ridges; providing presowing soil treatment by embedding germinated weedage, stubble and other plant remains axially of ridges and simultaneously introducing microbiological humus-forming preparation; 20-40 days after introducing of humus-forming preparation (according to first version), breaking formerly formed ridges and forming new ones and simultaneously sowing late crops; according to second version, providing sowing of farm crops simultaneously with embedding of germinated weedage and introducing of humus-forming preparation. Methods allow total of active soil temperatures during presowing period to be increased owing to composting effect.
Method for restoration of contaminated soil, ground and water / 2243638
Method involves mechanical removal of excessive contaminants from surface and reducing toxicity of contaminated soil; sowing green manure crops and perennial grasses; preliminarily removing taking soil samples from contaminated surface and separating native contaminant destructors therefrom; after mechanical removal of contaminant from soil surface, providing sequential treatment of plot soil with water-soluble humates and at least double treatment with native contaminant destructors; mellowing soil; applying lime with mineral fertilizers such as saltpeter, double superphosphate and calcium chloride. Green manure crops are sown after application of fertilizers. Method further involves grinding green manure crops, plowing into soil and covering with soil by means of covering roll.
The way of increasing the productivity of degraded rangelands / 2239967
The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of increasing the productivity of natural grassland, overused and degraded pastures
 The method of cultivation of perennial legume crops on irrigated lands in arid zone / 2239966
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and in particular to methods of cultivation of perennial legume crops on irrigated lands in arid zone
 The method of inoculation of soybean seeds in the soil for arid conditions of the caspian depression / 2238625
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of planting crops
 The method of direct seeding and device for its implementation / 2238624
The invention relates to the field of agriculture
 The method of cultivation of perennial grasses grasses on the estuaries of the caspian depression / 2238623
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, and more specifically to methods of cultivation of agricultural crops, particularly perennial grasses for seeds and food
 The way soy / 2237988
The invention relates to agriculture, namely the technology of planting and growing
Method for restoration of contaminated soil, ground and water / 2243638
Method involves mechanical removal of excessive contaminants from surface and reducing toxicity of contaminated soil; sowing green manure crops and perennial grasses; preliminarily removing taking soil samples from contaminated surface and separating native contaminant destructors therefrom; after mechanical removal of contaminant from soil surface, providing sequential treatment of plot soil with water-soluble humates and at least double treatment with native contaminant destructors; mellowing soil; applying lime with mineral fertilizers such as saltpeter, double superphosphate and calcium chloride. Green manure crops are sown after application of fertilizers. Method further involves grinding green manure crops, plowing into soil and covering with soil by means of covering roll.
Method for thermal soil amelioration (versions) / 2244392
Method involves cultivating soil by forming ridges after germination of weedage and providing subsequent cultivation procedures by breaking formerly formed ridges and forming new ridges; providing presowing soil treatment by embedding germinated weedage, stubble and other plant remains axially of ridges and simultaneously introducing microbiological humus-forming preparation; 20-40 days after introducing of humus-forming preparation (according to first version), breaking formerly formed ridges and forming new ones and simultaneously sowing late crops; according to second version, providing sowing of farm crops simultaneously with embedding of germinated weedage and introducing of humus-forming preparation. Methods allow total of active soil temperatures during presowing period to be increased owing to composting effect.
Sandy land reclamation method / 2244393
Method involves applying lime and organic fertilizer into humus-depleted soil, said organic fertilizer being introduced in the form of ground plant remains and/or other forms in an amount of up to 40% the volume of ridges by distributing said fertilizer in furrows between ridges; forming ridges in the course of presowing treatment; applying layer of colmatant providing total volume of at least 20% the volume of pores of formed fertile layer; forming ridges with following breaking of formerly created ridges; embedding organic fertilizer and simultaneously applying biologically active preparation; 30-40 days later, reapplying organic fertilizer; reforming ridges and simultaneously irrigating ground organic with biologically active preparation; sowing seeds of cultured crops.
Method for cultivation of soya for seed under clearly defined continental climate conditions / 2244394
Method involves sowing sorts of soya with different ripening time; simultaneously sowing sorts of soya of at least four different ripening time in adjacent rows, with early ripening sorts being combined with late ripening sorts; setting seeding norm for early ripening sorts of soya in the range of 600,000-650,000 pieces/hectare and for late ripening sorts of soya in the range of 400,000-450,000 pieces/hectare.
Method for protecting of sown wheat crop from complex of pests / 2245010
Method involves forming entomofauna of crop agrocenosis by accumulating pests on restricted territory for creating attracting strips of spring wheat of two sowing periods with break-off time between said periods of five to seven days around winter wheat strips; providing feed stock conveyor system for complex of pests; applying insecticides only on basic winter wheat strips and attracting strips of spring wheat strips, with basic spring wheat strips being excluded from treatment process.
Method for enrichment of soil during cultivation of farm crops / 2246196
Method involves applying alternative organic fertilizer into soil, with alternative organic fertilizer being straw used in an amount of 4.5-5.6 t/hectare and green mass of stubble green manure crop (lupine) used in an amount of 7.9-8.6 t/hectare; plowing-in said organic fertilizer into soil in the autumn.
 Method and apparatus for irrigation during plowing / 2246820
Method involves cutting furrow by means of soil cutting tool; feeding water or liquid fertilizer into furrow and covering furrow. Uniform distribution of fertilizer applied to compound intersected relief is provided by forming web of height smaller than plowing depth by 0.4-0.7 time before supplying of water or liquid fertilizer into open furrow. Apparatus has frame with plow bodies equipped with tine having share and moldboard and fixed on frame. Web forming device mounted on frame behind outer plow body is made in the form of rotor with vertical shaft of rotation and blades for moving soil from ridges of adjacent plowed strips. Apparatus has drive. Rotor drive is kinematically connected and aligned with frame carrier wheel.
 Method and working tool for improving natural licorice undergrowth / 2247478
Method involves mowing and grinding licorice vegetative buds and accompanying plants in association of low-productivity licorice undergrowth by means of haying machines to produce cuttings; while mowing, uniformly distributing ground mass over surface of mown strip; providing marker lines and placing planting material in narrow strips at predetermined spacing, with high-quality cuttings of 4-5 years licorice rootages of 12-18 mm diameter and 18-25 cm length being used as planting material; mellowing strips and cutting inclined slits by means of tillage tool; during advancement of machine, moving planting material into inclined slits; simultaneously with planting of cuttings, providing grooves for receiving of mineral fertilizer in surface of inclined wall of slit by means of slitter tine equipped with tiered cutters made in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds; placing nitrogenous fertilizer at norm of 0.2-0.6 kg/running meter in upper tier and phosphorous fertilizer at norm of 1.3-1.8 kg/running meter in middle tier; introducing into lower layer potash fertilizer at norm of 0.8-1.6 kg/running meter for development of plants at second and third years of life; after introducing of mineral fertilizer and placing of cuttings, compacting mellowed strips above inclined slits by means of ring-lug roller sections. Nozzle of pneumatic pipeline is arranged above each cutter. Each pneumatic pipeline is individually connected with seeding unit for withdrawal from fertilizer box of nitrogenous, phosphorous or potash fertilizer. Seeding units are kinematically connected with supporting wheel. Each pneumatic pipeline of tine-cutter is connected with pressure cavity of high-pressure fan equipped with hydraulic drive.
 Method for cultivation of red clover in clearly defined continental climate / 2248109
Method involves sowing red clover (trifolium pratense L.) and cover crop at optimal time in spring; after harvesting of preceding crop, providing stubble breaking to 0.06-0.08 m depth and ameliorating mellowing to 0.6-0.8 m depth; applying phosphorous-potash fertilizer to provide for 3-4 year life of plants; plowing soil while turning layers by means of bottom-moldboard plows to 0.25-0.27 m depth while fully embedding stubble remains; after deep ameliorating tillage combined with turning of root layer, providing irrigation at the end of September - beginning of October at irrigation rate of 700-900 m3/hectare for keeping pre-irrigation soil moisture threshold; closing moisture feeding in early spring by means of heavy harrows in two tracks transverse to center ridges during moldboard plowing and simultaneously leveling field relief; providing cultivation to 0.05-0.08 m depth for killing cold-resistant weeds by means of A-hoes; providing presowing and postsowing compaction for increasing soil density in seeding layer at 0-10 cm depth; performing interlace sowing in early spring (0.30 m) of cover crop (oats, less commonly barley) at seeding rate of (3.0-3.5)·106 pieces of seeds per 1 hectare (continuous sowing at seeding rate of (8.5-9.5)·106 pieces per hectare to 0.03-0.04 m depth on light soil and 0.02-0.03 m depth on heavy soil for producing of 450-500 plants per 1 m2 at full germination phase, 250-300 plants at spring growing phase of second year of life, 200-220 plants per 1 m2 at spring growing phase of third year of life; providing mineral feeding by applying rated norms of phosphorous-potash fertilizer for stock plowing for three years of utilization of herbage, and applying differentiated doses of nitrous fertilizer for further mowing. Application of up to 100 kg/hectare of nitrogen during growing period at maximal dose of 35 kg/hectare for first mowing provides yield of up to 60 t/hectare of green mass, and application of 130 kg of nitrogen per hectare during growing period at maximal dose of 45 kg/hectare for first mowing provides yield of up to 80 t/hectare of green mass. Yield of 40 t/hectare of green mass is provided at irrigation norm of 850 m3/hectare with minimal period between irrigation procedures of 14-16 days, with total irrigation norm making 3,200-3,400 m3/hectare. Clover is mown at flowering phase. Time between green mass harvesting and irrigation procedures is reduced to 1-3 days. Last mowing procedure is performed 25-30 days before air temperature reaches 00C.
 Method for cultivation of perennial fodder grasses / 2248110
Method involves periodically mowing biomass; irrigating and applying mineral fertilizer in spring at initial grass growing stage and for feeding after each mowing operation; after harvesting of preceding crop, providing pre-plowing irrigation at norm of 300-400 m3/hectare and ameliorating mellowing to 0.4-0.6 m depth; plowing to 0.25-0.27 m depth with turning of soil layer; mellowing top layer by means of cultivators to 0.08-0.012 m depth; leveling microrelief of irrigated field by means of levelers; providing interlace sowing of leguminous crops, such as lucerne and clover, and meadow grass crops, such as meadow fescue and orchard grass, at seeding norm of 4.8·106, 5.4·106, 5.5·106 and 8.1·106 pieces of seed per hectare, respectively, with grass mixtures being composed of two or four crops; keeping seeding depth in the range of 0.02-0.03 and 0.05-0.06 m; maintaining mineral feeding mode by applying phosphorous-potash fertilizer at norm rated for plowing for stock sufficient for 3-4 year usage of herbage; applying nitrous fertilizer in differentiated doses for mowing; applying 60 kg/hectare of nitrous fertilizer at growing period at maximal dose for first mowing of 40 kg/hectare to provide for guaranteed yield of up to 50 t/hectare of green mass; 80 kg/hectare at maximal dose for first mowing of 60 kg/hectare to provide for herbage yield of up to 70 t/hectare of green mass, and 100 kg/hectare at maximal dose of 70 kg/hectare for first mowing to provide for guaranteed yield of grass mixture of up to 90 t/hectare; keeping irrigation mode within the range of 60-80% norm of moisture. Green mass yield of from 50 to 90 t/hectare is provided with total irrigation norm of 2,550-3,250 m3/hectare to 3,600-4,050 m3/hectare. Interval between green mass harvesting and irrigation procedures at growing period is reduced to 2-3 days. Agronomical care involves harrowing of last years crop fields, after mowing of grass for green feed, and in autumn - slitting field of young crop field of second and third years of life of plants to 0.4-0.6 m depth.
|
FIELD: agriculture, in particular, protection of wheat crops from complex of pests with reduced application of insecticides. SUBSTANCE: method involves forming entomofauna of crop agrocenosis by accumulating pests on restricted territory for creating attracting strips of spring wheat of two sowing periods with break-off time between said periods of five to seven days around winter wheat strips; providing feed stock conveyor system for complex of pests; applying insecticides only on basic winter wheat strips and attracting strips of spring wheat strips, with basic spring wheat strips being excluded from treatment process. EFFECT: increased efficiency in protecting of sown wheat crops by accumulating of pests on restricted territory, reduced consumption of insecticides and provision for keeping grain yield and grain quality. 1 tbl, 1 ex
The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to a method of protecting wheat against a complex of pests with reduced use of insecticides while maintaining yield and quality of grain. Known way to protect potatoes from Colorado potato beetle, described in the book Taran N., Boiko N., Guideway BTW, Melnikova BTW, “recommendations for control of Colorado potato beetle on potatoes in the Central Chernozem regions of the RSFSR”, Voronezh, 1982, where on page 9 suggests that: “...to prevent scattering of the overwintered beetles and their concentration in small areas (less than 0.5 ha) for subsequent destruction by a chemical method, it is advisable to organize and baiting planting of early varieties of potatoes yarovizirovannoi tubers on former potato fields...”. The disadvantage of analog is the impossibility of its use to fight with specialized pests of wheat. A prototype of the proposed method is the method recommended in the form of a complex of organizational, economic, agronomic, chemical, biological and other events in books: Gorbachev IV, Grishchenko V., Zachvatkin Y.A. and other plant Protection from pests”, M: “Kolos”, 2002, s-137; IVAN Pavlov “field crops Protection against pests”, M: “Rosselchozizdat”, 1987, p.27-99; Volodichev M.A. “Protecting cereal crops from pests is the, M: “Rosselchozizdat”, 1982, p.72. The disadvantage of the prototype is that the recommended set of measures does not provide a low (below the economic threshold) seseljevci wheat agrocenosis by phytophages on large areas. This leads to widespread use of insecticides, significant economic costs and negative environmental consequences. The objective of the invention is to create opportunities for the accumulation of the pest in a limited area with their subsequent destruction of chemical, agricultural and other methods, with simultaneous reduction of insecticide use. The problem is solved in the way of protecting crops of winter and spring wheat from the complex of pests, including the formation of the entomofauna of agrocenoses culture through the accumulation of pests in a limited area, where according to the invention the formation of the entomofauna of agrocenoses carried out by creating a bait strips of two spring wheat planting dates with a gap of five to seven days around winter wheat, providing pipeline fodder for the complex of pests and insecticide treatments are performed only on the main crops of winter wheat and bait strips of spring with the exception of the processing of the main crops of spring wheat. Unlike the prototype is the basis for the protection of wheat against a complex of phytophages on current evolutionary conjugation phenology of individual pests with specific phenophases wheat plants. Bait sowing of spring wheat on the perimeter of the main crops of winter wheat is produced in two terms with a break of five to seven days and is represented by the line feed base for the complex of pests for the entire period of crop growth. As a result, individual phenophases plants bait sowing of spring wheat concentrate different types of pests and destroyed by insecticides. The proposed method for protection of wheat against a complex of pests is carried out as follows. 1. Fall planted winter wheat (rye) adopted in the region (agriculture) technology. Perimeter planting is not sown two passes planter width of 12 meters, depending on the time of sowing, the seedlings of winter wheat (rye) more or less settled wintering stages of cereal flies and aphids. Spring regrowth and seblewongel winter resumes the process of development wintering here cereal flies and aphids, as well as the settlement of the crops harmful bug, plavica, thrips. In earing - the beginning of the formation of grain for sowing winter appear grain beetles and hatched larvae of the Sunn pest. 2. In the spring, at the first opportunity, determined by the willingness of the soil, is obsiv winter wheat (rye) spring wheat a single pass of the planter with a seeding rate of 20-25% below the optimum. Low rate is iseva determines a longer period of tillering and increased total tillering of plants, where young stems (to elongation) attract Swedish fly to lay eggs. After 4-6 days after the first obseve around the perimeter of winter wheat (rye) is obseve the second passage of the drill and also a reduced seeding rate. Obsiv in two terms guarantees a longer period of spring wheat at each phenological phase, and, despite the different temperature threshold of development of plants (+5° (C) and insects (+10° (C) and changing for years, weather conditions, vegetation period, obseve provided optimal trophic conditions for migrating from winter wheat (rye) phytophages. 3. Between the first and second terms of obseve winter wheat spring wheat (bait strip) is the sowing of spring wheat on the main areas according to the region's technology, but the observance of spatial isolation from major crops is not required. 4. In seedlings of tillering in spring wheat obsiv attracts cereal flies, plavica, harmful bug; troublevania - thrips and females - resseliella cereal aphids; in the early dough stage and at harvest of winter wheat - grain beetles and acrylimide bugs the Sunn pest, preventing mass migration of these pests on major crops spring crops cereal crops. 5. In winter wheat when h is slavnosti pests (usually harmful bug and grain beetles), reaching the economic threshold (ET), is chemical treatment. Biological effectiveness reduces the harmfulness of phytophages on winter wheat, but does not provide the death of their population to economically safe level when migrating surviving part of the wheat. 6. In periods of mass accumulation of pests on obseve they are destroyed by chemical treatments, preventing their possible migration to major crops spring crops cereal crops. 7. The main crops of spring wheat colonized by pests, wintering on wild grasses and partial migration of crops. Their number does not exceed the economic threshold and monitored natural entomophages and pathogens without the use of chemical plant protection products. Here is the actual materials protection of wheat against a complex of pests using baiting of spring wheat crops as a factor of formation of the entomofauna of wheat agrocenosis. An example of the formation of the entomofauna of wheat agrocenosis: experience included two options. The first field 100 hectares of winter wheat spring Absalom spring wheat and at a distance of 500-700 m, 85 ha field of spring wheat (team # 1). The second field 100 hectares of winter wheat without obseve and at a distance of 600-700 m, 85 ha field of spring wheat (br the Gad No. 2). The crops of winter and spring wheat in the teams are chosen with the same spatial isolation (500-700 m) and the same field sizes. But for most pests specified isolation is not an insurmountable obstacle in the migration process with winter wheat to spring. Seeding of winter wheat in the brigade No. 1 and No. 2 are produced at the same time - August 25. In the spring, on may 5, brigade No. 1 on the perimeter of a field of winter wheat produced obsiv spring wheat (one pass drills - 4000 m × 6 m=2.4 hectares) with a seeding rate of 20% below the optimum. may 10, produced obsiv second pass of the planter (some 2.4 hectares). The main crops of spring wheat in the teams # 1 and # 2 held on may 6-7. 7-10 may, marked by mass migration of harmful turtles from hibernation sites in winter wheat as shoots of spring was not yet. may 11 marked the seedlings of spring wheat on obseve and 12-13 may - on the main crops. Settling harmful bug was due to residual populations on the wintering grounds and minor migration of crops. To may 20, the migration process bedbugs completed. The number of bugs on winter wheat in the team # 1 was 2.1 ind/m2on obseve spring wheat - 0.5 ind/m2on the main sowing of spring wheat 0,15 ind/m In the brigade No. 2 on winter and spring wheat, the number of bugs identical. 21 mA is on winter wheat followed by chemical processing. Biological efficiency did not exceed 65%. After processing, the number of bugs on winter wheat in the teams # 1 and # 2 was equal to 0.8-1 ind/m2. Laboratory analysis of plant samples of spring wheat in the tillering period - troublevania showed: 1) General tillering of plants on obseve first sowing (may 5) was 8, obseve second period - 6, on the main crops - 3.5 stems per plant. 2) Damaging stems Swedish fly respectively: 60,65 and 1.1% in the brigade No. 1 and 5.3% in the brigade No. 2. Cereal aphids on obseve occupied 100% of the plants, on the main field of spring wheat - 3%. In the brigade No. 2 spring wheat were infested with the edges of the crops 35% and with distance from the edge of the 100 m - 12%. Similar data was recorded for wheat trips with a difference that it is uniformly populated region and the middle of the field the main crops of spring wheat. The number of grain beetles on crops of winter wheat was equal to: at the edges of crops 3,5-4 ind/m2for a 100-meter strip - 1-1,5 ind/m2. In the phase of waxy ripeness of winter wheat grain beetles migrated to spring wheat, staying in the middle of the milky stage of grain. In the brigade No. 1 on obseve spring wheat, their numbers had reached 20 ind/m2and on the main sowing of spring wheat did not exceed 1-1,5 ind/m2. In the brigade No. 2 on the main field in spring PSEN the hospitals with the edges of the seeding, the number of beetles was 3-3,5 ind/m 2and for the 100 metre strip - 1-1,5 ind/m2. On obseve (spring wheat) followed by chemical treatment with biological efficiency of 93% and prevented migration of beetles on the field for the primary seeding of spring wheat. Against beetles and larvae of the Sunn pest of winter wheat chemical treatments were not carried out. By the beginning of the harvest of winter wheat at 1 m2sowing there were 4 bug and 7 larval instar. In this same period on all crops of spring wheat population of the Sunn pest were in stage larvae 3-4-5 ages number: obseve - 5 ind/m2on major crops - 0,8-1,5 ind/m2. After harvesting winter wheat aphid numbers on spring wheat has increased due to the migration of bugs with winter wheat and amounted to: in the brigade No. 1 on obseve - 20 ind/m2on the main field of spring wheat - 1,2 ind/m2in the team # 2 - to 3.5-4 ind/m2. Winter wheat yield was: in the brigade No. 1-25,4 t/ha with damaged grain harmful bug 8.4 per cent; in the brigade No. 2-24,9 t/ha with damaged grain of 10.5%. All grain corresponded to class IV. The yield of spring wheat was in the brigade No. 1 on obseve - 3 kg/ha with damaged grains 97%, native planting is 15.7 kg/ha with damaged grain of 1.9%; in the brigade No. 2 on the main sowing - 14,3 kg/ha with damaged grain by 35.7%. Grain Yarov the nd wheat from the main planting brigade No. 1 corresponded to class III, and with planting brigade No. 2 - V class.
In the end, the proposed method of protecting crops of wheat, made in the brigade No. 1, helped to keep the grain yield and its quality on the main wheat without the use of insecticides, reducing costs 200 rubles/ha and insecticidal stress on wheat 2 times, resolving the environmental and task. Method of protecting crops of winter and spring wheat from the complex of pests, including the formation of the entomofauna of agrocenoses culture through the accumulation of pests in a limited area, characterized in that the formation of the entomofauna of agrocenoses carried out by creating a bait strips of two spring wheat planting dates with a gap of five to seven days around the winter, providing a pipeline fodder for the complex of pests and insecticide treatments are performed only on the main crops of winter wheat and bait strips of spring with the exception of the processing of the main crops of spring wheat.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||