The method of growing potatoes

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The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods for cultivation of seed and ware potatoes in various conditions. The method is as follows. Fall through 140 cm form ridges and, depending on the soil condition and development of weeds treated with cultivator in Assembly with Zubov Ripper. Spring pre-combs reorganized for planting tubers in the aisle in arid or ridges in wet weather and at the same time loosened the Foundation of the future of the ridges. Then make a stop at one line converted planter with simultaneous application of different fertilizers in layers in a specified part of the future of the crest. Care landings moving cultivators, such as SCC-4.2V. On the frame of the cultivator through 140 cm set its partition, extra long 40 see these sections forward to failure secure Ripper-Hiller to a depth of 8-9 cm From both sides of the main sections are fixed with the clamps additional spring-loaded, stand-alone adjustable gradely for mounting the working bodies of the second row to a depth of 18 cm with a protective zone 15-16 cm from the center of the row with the tubers. In the end parts of the sections are fixed rippers third row to a depth of 17-18 regulirovanie for a given shape and size of the ridge smoothing rippers, so, they were not removed from the soil tubers, not hurt them and went to a depth of 4-6 cm with a width of up to 120 see the motion of the cultivator three-tiered bunk or rippers-kuchnicki first row crumble the soil, divide the reservoir grooves in the thickness of 8-9 cm on two levels. The lower tier 3-4 cm thick after loosening falls to the bottom of the furrow, the top layer thickness of 4-5 cm, flies to the side and gets to Wake spaced three-tiered kuchnicki second in the series, pick up this new front located, the soil loosened them drop to the sides to the center of the formed ridge. Part of the soil kuchnicki return to the bottom of the furrow formed by okucnicama the first row in the operating area okucnicom third row, which picks up her loosened and drop at comb in the range of smoothing Ripper, which is optionally chops the ground, destroy weeds and forms a ridge agroterrorism. Pochvouglubiteli set out in the fourth row behind the rippers-okucnicama the third row, and additionally loosened aisle, 10-12 cm in the first dashade processing and 6-8 cm in all subsequent. The method can improve the yield and quality of potatoes, resource conservation through the creation of Bolnisi tiered working bodies with minimal disruption of its structure, stabilizing factors in the life of plants, increase the utilization of fertilizers, saving 1.5-2 times seeds and all costs associated with their preparation, storage, unloading, transporting, loading planters, reducing fuel consumption by up to 30% fuel, reducing the contamination of soil by weeds without using herbicides, 100% cleaning machines with good quality. 1 Il.

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods for cultivation of seed and ware potatoes in various problems, including extreme conditions.

There is a method of cultivation of seed potatoes with a spacing of 140 cm - prototype speakers of the USSR № 1584781 a-1, A-0-1, 79/02, a 01 G 1/100, BI No. 30, 15.08.90. A good way, more environmentally friendly, cost-effective, but there are significant drawbacks:

1. Incomplete loosening the soil at the base of the future of the comb when cutting ridges 70 see

2. Uneven unaddressed in relation to the roots of potatoes, fertilizer application, which reduces their use affects the environment and the economy.

3. Injuries and perezarazhenie plants brackets-expanders cultivator with care. Installation of the working bodies on the bracket userfly contact working bodies with soil, what prevents agroclavine, reduces the technological capabilities of the method, in addition, such placement of rippers second row contributes to the clogging of the cultivator of the earth from plant residues, overloads the attachment section to the beam of the cultivator, leads to premature wear and breakdown.

4. When the distance between the rows of rippers-okucnicom 40-45 cm in the course of the unit is not always possible well loosen the soil and kill weeds.

5. The known method (VNIIK) made at planting one type of fertilizer with insufficient thickness of the layer of soil between potatoes and fertilizer (up to 2-3 cm) does not provide effective absorption of fertilizers.

The result is a reduction in environmental performance, productivity, quality and profitability of potato.

The claimed method differs from the prototype in the following.

1. Pre-forming a wide combs through 140 cm, with simultaneous additional deep soil loosening the bottom. During germination of weeds combs reorganized in Assembly with Zubov rippers. Working bodies set in four rows of four levels with a gradual depth.

2. In the spring, depending on climatic conditions, combs reorganized p is the bracket-Widener set on both sides of the sections on timber frame additional independent adjustable in three directions spring leashes for mounting the working parts. This provides a more robust, normal contact of the working bodies with the soil, improves its loosening and ensures the destruction of weeds, do not harm or perezarezhat potato plants, removes 50% of the load from the attachment section to the beam, extends the use of the cultivator, significantly reduces clogging of plant residues and soil, improves performance, saves fuel and, very significantly, significantly less destroys the soil structure and, consequently, its fertility.

4. The distance along the unit between operating agencies 30-35 see This improves the soil particles and the destruction of weeds.

5. With all the care landings ridge increasing in all directions, so that before the emergence over the tuber was 15-20 cm of loose, clean soil.

6. Fertilizers applied at planting converted planter, for example SMC-4, and place of phosphorus and potassium on the level of tubers at 5 cm from them on both sides of two tapes of a width of 10-20 cm, and nitrogen below them through the soil layer 5-7 cm in the center of the crest of one tape, of a width of 15-20 cm

In the end, these differences increase the utilization of fertilizers, greatly reduce the pollution of the environment is luceat the quality of soil preparation, improve the performance of units and the profitability of potato production.

The purpose of the invention is prirodoohrannoi, increase yield and quality of potatoes, resources by creating more favourable conditions for tuber formation layer by layer in the four levels of grinding soil passive multi-tiered working bodies with minimal disruption of its structure, stabilization factors in the life of plants, increase the utilization of fertilizers, saving 1.5-2 times seeds and all costs associated with their preparation, storage, unloading, transporting, loading planters, reducing fuel consumption by up to 30% fuel, reducing the contamination of soil by weeds without using herbicides, 100% cleaning machines with good quality.

The drawing shows the layout of longline okucnicom-rippers and smoothing Ripper on the cultivator when processing stops.

The method is as follows. The method of growing potatoes, which consists in the fact that pre-fall hold loosening in 4 tiers with the formation of a wide furrows and ridges with distance along the centers of 140 cm, and tillage is carried out by sequential cropping soils with distance IU is between the first. The second and third rows of 30-35 cm, and between the third and fourth 20-30 cm, depending on soil conditions and development of weeds, educated combs cultivate and harrowing in the spring combs reorganized for planting tubers in the aisle in arid or ridges in wet weather and at the same time loosened the Foundation of the future of the ridges, planting tubers in one row in the base of the ridges takes place simultaneously with split and layer-by-layer by depositing different fertilizers with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have on the level of tubers at 5 cm from both sides of the ribbon width 10 cm, and nitrogen below them through the soil layer 5-7 cm in the center of one ribbon width of 15-20 cm, and the care of plantings carried out by inter-row treatments with increasing ridge height and width of the ridge, similar to the loosening of the soil by the formation of grooves and ridges. Fall through 140 cm form ridges and, depending on the soil condition and development of weeds treated with cultivator in Assembly with Zubov Ripper. Spring pre-combs reorganized for planting tubers in the aisle in arid or ridges in wet weather and at the same time loosened the Foundation of the future of the ridges. Then make a stop at one line Perabo is its crest. Care landings moving cultivators, such as SCC-4.2V. On the frame of the cultivator through 140 cm set its partition, extra long 40 see these sections forward to failure secure Ripper-Hiller to a depth of 8-9 cm From both sides of the main sections are fixed with the clamps additional spring-loaded, stand-alone adjustable gradely for mounting the working bodies of the second row to a depth of 18 cm with a protective zone 15-16 cm from the center of the row with the tubers. At the end of the rear sections are fixed rippers third row to a depth of 17-18 cm and for them pochvouglubiteli work with a capture 22 cm at a depth of 24-25 cm, between sections on chains hung adjustable preset shape and size of the ridge smoothing rippers so that they are not removed from the soil tubers, not hurt them and went to a depth of 4-6 cm with a width of up to 120 cm

When the movement of the cultivator three-tiered bunk or rippers-kuchnicki first row crumble the soil, divide the reservoir grooves in the thickness of 8-9 cm on two levels. The lower tier 3-4 cm thick after loosening falls to the bottom of the furrow, the top layer thickness of 4-5 cm, flies to the side and gets to Wake spaced three-tiered kuchnicki second in the series, pick it up and a new, frontalin the return key on the bottom of the furrow, educated okucnicama the first row in the operating area okucnicom third row, which picks up her loosened and drop at comb in the range of smoothing Ripper, which is optionally chops the ground, destroy weeds and forms a ridge agroterrorism. Pochvouglubiteli set out in the fourth row behind the rippers-okucnicama the third row, and additionally loosened aisle 10-12 cm in the first dashade processing and 6-8 cm in all subsequent.

Claims

The method of growing potatoes, which consists in the fact that pre-fall hold loosening in 4 tiers with the formation of a wide furrows and ridges with distance along the centers of 140 cm, and tillage is carried out by sequential cropping soils with a distance between layers in a longitudinal horizontal plane 6-8 cm, and in the longitudinal-vertical plane with the distance between the first, second and third rows of 30-35 cm, and between the third and fourth 20-30 cm, depending on soil conditions and development of weeds, educated combs cultivate and harrowing, in the spring of combs reorganized for planting tubers in the aisle in arid or ridges in wet weather and at the same time the split and layer-by-layer by depositing different fertilizers, moreover, phosphate and potash fertilizers have on the level of tubers at 5 cm from both sides of the ribbon width 10 cm, and nitrogen below them through the soil layer 5-7 cm in the center of one ribbon width of 15-20 cm, and the care of plantings carried out by inter-row treatments with increasing ridge height and width of the ridge, similar to the loosening of the soil by the formation of grooves and ridges.