Method for enrichment of soil during cultivation of farm crops

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves applying alternative organic fertilizer into soil, with alternative organic fertilizer being straw used in an amount of 4.5-5.6 t/hectare and green mass of stubble green manure crop (lupine) used in an amount of 7.9-8.6 t/hectare; plowing-in said organic fertilizer into soil in the autumn.

EFFECT: increased farm crop yield owing to increased soil fertility, provision for obtaining of ecologically safe product, and reduced labor consumption.

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The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the cultivation of agricultural crops. The method comprises introducing into the soil as an organic fertilizer, straw preceding cereal stubble biomass and green manure (lupine). Chopped straw during harvest grain evenly scatter across the field in the amount of 4.5-5.6 t/ha Then carried out: soil heavy disc harrow, in different directions, cultivation, consolidation of the soil and the sowing of green manure crops, followed by rolling. A lot of green in the amount of 7.9-8.6 t/ha plowed in late autumn (the third decade of October). The method allows to increase productivity, such as millet, 20% and get environmentally friendly product at lower cost.

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of enriching the soil in the cultivation of agricultural crops.

There is a method of enriching the soil by making her straw together with mineral fertilizers (1), and with a mass of green winter green manure for the crap (2173310, 05 F 2/08, 01 1/00) (2). The disadvantage of these methods is the inability maximum use of fertilizing properties incorporated into the soil green manure crop, the production of environmentally safe products, significant additional is atrata for mineral fertilizers and to prepare the soil for planting in a short time in the most intense period of the spring planting season.

Existing methods do not solve tasks simultaneously enriching the soil, increase crop yields by improving soil fertility, production of environmentally friendly products with high payback.

The task of the invention is to increase crop yields by improving soil fertility, production of ecologically safe products at a lower cost.

This object is achieved due to the fact that in the known method of enriching the soil in the cultivation of agricultural crops, comprising applying to the soil an alternative organic fertilizers, according to the invention as organic fertilizer use straw and crop the green manure (lupine). While the crop green manure in the amount of 7.9...8.6 t/ha of plowed into the soil in late autumn.

Straw enriches the soil macro - and micronutrients, improves soil physical properties, helps to regulate the balance of humus (3).

Green mass of green manure helps to accelerate the decomposition contributed to soil organic matter, which leads to increased activity of the metabolic processes "soil-plant", thereby improving plant nutrition and revitalizes the soil biocenosis (4).

Straw and stubble biomass of green manure crops - clean the organic fertilizer.

For implementing the method have been conducted field experiments in quadruplicate for example millet according to the following scheme:

1. The experience of control, without making straw, crop green manure and fertilizers.

2. Experience-making straw (4.5-5.6 t/ha)4.5 t/ha crop green manure (white mustard).

3. Experience-making straw 4.5-5.6 t/ha +5.4 t/ha crop green manure (vetch).

4. Experience-making straw 4.5-5.6 t/ha +8.6 t/ha crop green manure (lupine).

The experiments were conducted in 2001 and again in 2002.

The area of each plot 112 m².

Field, crushed and scattered on the surface of the soil with straw during harvest, the disk in two opposite directions, cultured, rolled down, sow crops and crops of the above rolled down. Upon the occurrence of persistent cooling mass of green crop green manure crops are plowed.

The activity of soil microflora was determined by the degree of decomposition of linen in the soil layer 0-10 and 10-20 see

Calculation of energy consumption were carried out by Volodin V., and others (5).

Example 1. On the control plots without soil straw and green mass of green manure crops on average for two years, the grain yield of millet was 28.9 kg/ha, which was taken as 100% (see table).

Example 2. In the spring, on the plowed plots with straw and green mass of white mustard, spend two cult is activate your product at a depth of 10-12 cm and 6-8 cm packing. Then sow millet, which yields increased by 2.7 t/ha or 9%, compared with the control experiment. Decomposition of linen increased in the soil layer (0-10 cm) at 11.8% in the 10-20 cm layer of 12.4%, and the energy increase in the yield was 6.7 GJ/ha compared to the control (see table).

Example 3. In the same way as in example 2, the soil straw and green mass wiki enhances the activity of soil microorganisms that decompose the application of organic materials, releases nutrients for millet. The grain yield of millet increased by 3.4 t/ha or 12%, the decomposition of linen in the layer 0-10 cm increased by 12.2%, and in the 10-20 cm layer of 14.2%, and the energy cost of producing one quintal of grain decreased by 102 MJ compared with the control (see table).

Example 4. According to the above experimental scheme 3 in the soil making straw and green mass of lupine, which will significantly increase soil biota and enriches the soil with nutrients. Thus, the yield of millet increased by 5.4 t/ha or 20%, and the decomposition of leaves in the soil layer (0-10 cm) increased by 15.0% and 17.3% in the soil layer 10-20 cm, respectively, the energy increase in the harvest of more than 8.2 GJ/ha at the reduction of energy consumption compared with the control. All figures are given experience superior to not only control, but also indicators of experiments 2 and 3.

Thus, proposed is a method of making chopped straw and green mass of lupine, sown crop, increases biological activity of the soil and its enrichment with nutrients, which is essential for the growth of the yield of millet, accumulation of anergy in yield while reducing the cost of producing one quintal main environmentally friendly products.

Sources of information considering

1. Drape I.I. Efficiency of straw and mineral fertilizers for the crap in the forest-steppe zone of the Russian Federation - abstract of Cand. thesis. Eagle, 2000.

2. Tabakov VA Efficiency of cultivation of buckwheat depending on the use of straw and green manure on a dark-gray forest soils of the Northern black sea area of Russia - abstract of Cand. thesis. Eagle, 2000.

3. Straw - organic fertilizer - Vladimir: VNIPTIOU, 1989, 67 S.

4. Cuttings N Influence of crop crops as a green manure under different methods of cultivation on the fertile sod-podzol soils. - Abstract of Cand. thesis. - M., 1975.

5. Volodin V.M. and other Methods of resource and environmental assessment of the effectiveness of agriculture for bioenergy basis. - Kursk, 1999, p.48.

A way of enriching the soil in the cultivation of agricultural crops, comprising applying to the soil an alternative organic fertilizer, characterized in that as an organic fertilizer use straw in the amount of 4.5-5.6 t/ha green mass of crop green manure (lupine) in the amount of 7.9...8.6 t/ha, which plowed into the soil in autumn.