Method and working tool for improving natural licorice undergrowth

FIELD: agriculture, agricultural engineering, pharmaceutical, confectionery, canned food, chemical, perfume, food-processing, tobacco industry and some special branches of industry.

SUBSTANCE: method involves mowing and grinding licorice vegetative buds and accompanying plants in association of low-productivity licorice undergrowth by means of haying machines to produce cuttings; while mowing, uniformly distributing ground mass over surface of mown strip; providing marker lines and placing planting material in narrow strips at predetermined spacing, with high-quality cuttings of 4-5 years licorice rootages of 12-18 mm diameter and 18-25 cm length being used as planting material; mellowing strips and cutting inclined slits by means of tillage tool; during advancement of machine, moving planting material into inclined slits; simultaneously with planting of cuttings, providing grooves for receiving of mineral fertilizer in surface of inclined wall of slit by means of slitter tine equipped with tiered cutters made in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds; placing nitrogenous fertilizer at norm of 0.2-0.6 kg/running meter in upper tier and phosphorous fertilizer at norm of 1.3-1.8 kg/running meter in middle tier; introducing into lower layer potash fertilizer at norm of 0.8-1.6 kg/running meter for development of plants at second and third years of life; after introducing of mineral fertilizer and placing of cuttings, compacting mellowed strips above inclined slits by means of ring-lug roller sections. Nozzle of pneumatic pipeline is arranged above each cutter. Each pneumatic pipeline is individually connected with seeding unit for withdrawal from fertilizer box of nitrogenous, phosphorous or potash fertilizer. Seeding units are kinematically connected with supporting wheel. Each pneumatic pipeline of tine-cutter is connected with pressure cavity of high-pressure fan equipped with hydraulic drive.

EFFECT: increased yield of green mass and provision for applying of mineral fertilizer to different soil depth.

3 cl, 13 dwg

The invention relates to agriculture and agricultural engineering and can be used for a radical improvement of natural (wild) thickets licorice as licorice raw materials for the pharmaceutical, confectionery, canning, chemical, perfume, food, tobacco industry and some special industries.

A known method for improving natural thickets of licorice, including mowing and shredding in the form of cutting vegetation shoots licorice and related plants in the Association on unproductive bushes with subsequent distribution of the crushed mass on the surface of the beveled array and cutting slits on the prepared areas in which on the territory occupied by the plants growing wild licorice, and adjacent areas on the periphery of each circuit associated grasses in Solodkova Association, preferably perpendicular to the direction of the cardinal directions North-South (N-S), mainly in late autumn period when reaching the soil moisture in the root zone horizon 70-80% lower capacity by cutting slits do wells diameter of 0.15-0.25 m, a depth of 0.08 to 0.15 m in the amount of 2-5 per square meter of the treated area, the centers of the holes combine with the middle of the slit, and the slit is cut into a width of 0,005-0,010 m to a depth of 0.2-0.3 m increments between them 08-1,2 m

Tillage tool that contains a frame, bracket, hinge, wheels, ballast boxes, sections batteries with discs in the front row and mechanisms for changing the attack angle of the disk in which the sections of the battery in the front row are installed on the shafts by means of spools disc blades with a diameter of 0.6-0.8 m, with a thickness of 5-10 mm, and in sections batteries back in target disk knives batteries in the front row are installed on the shafts by means of spools cut spherical disks with a diameter of 0.5-0.6 m; each bobbin is made in the form of a pair of mutually mating threaded bushing, sleeve with an external thread posted by locknut (RU patent No. 2180997. C1. IPC⁷A 01 D 91/02, And 01 In 49/02. Method for improving natural thickets of licorice and tillage tool for its implementation / Avhad (RU). - Application No. 2000124898/13. Declared 03.10.2000. Publ. 10.04.2002. Bull. No. 10).

The disadvantages of the described method is applied to solve our problem are the low efficiency of agrotechnical receptions. The described technique is achieved only by improving the growth conditions of the existing wild plants in Solodkova Association. For intensive growth of plants in topsoil lack of nutrition: macro - and trace elements, including nitrogen, potassium and phosphate fertilizers. In most cases, in private the tee for the growth conditions of licorice in Saratov, The Volgograd and Rostov regions, the content of glycyrrhizic acid is in the range of 5-7%. It is not enough to create licorice industry in the South of Russia.

The closest way to the claimed object is a method for improving natural thickets of licorice, including cutting slits in the natural thickets, in which first conduct mowing and shredding in the form of cutting vegetative shoots licorice and related plants in the Association on marginal thickets of licorice, then distribute the crushed mass on the surface of the stubble, carry out the subsequent laying of narrow strips with a given step of planting material from cuttings of four-, five-year roots and rhizomes of licorice with a high action potential, while simultaneously laying produce soil mixing stripes and meats inclined cracks, offset planting material in the cracks and seal the surface of the tilled strips; simultaneously with the laying of planting material on the surface of the site perform marker line (RU, patent No. 2155464. C1. IPC⁷And 01 In 79/02, 49/02. Method for improving natural thickets of licorice and tillage tool for its implementation /Ipili, Avilda, Amilda (RU). - Application No. 99122048/13. Declared 20.10.1999. Publ. 10.09.2000. Bull. No. 25).

The described method, we adopted as the near Ichigo analogue, does not provide the growth of cuttings licorice on marginal and obstructing former irrigated lands due to the lack of food elements.

It is also known tillage tool that contains a frame, hitch, jockey wheel, rack of knives, each of which has a vertical, inclined and horizontal sections, the latter of which is mounted a bit, and inclined and horizontal sections are displaced laterally relative to the vertical section and an inclined section has a device for crafts slit in the form of a hinge connected to a flap, equipped with a screw mechanism to adjust the angle of slope and ice rink, which is on the opposite side from the slope above him for vertical rack-knife placed established by the ledge of a pair of spherical disks, and a pair of drive and hour-knife mounted on the frame groups with a consistent offset in the side and back, and on the back of the frame there are additional brackets, which are connected with the ringed section-using a large diameter spur of the rink (RU, patent No. 2155464 C1. IPC⁷And 01 In 79/02, 49/02. Method for improving natural thickets of licorice and tillage tool for its implementation /Ipili, Avilda, Amilda (RU). - Application No. 99122048/13. Declared 20.10.1999. Publ. 10.09.2000. Bull. No. 25).

The disadvantages described device relates the I, that gun has no opportunity for longline bookmarks components of mineral fertilizers.

The essence of the claimed invention.

The problem to which the invention is directed, is to increase the action potential and productivity of degraded natural thickets licorice steppe and riparian ecotypes by the combined planting cuttings of the new mother plants and floating fertilization.

The effect and the technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention, expressed in increasing the productivity of natural thickets when the reduction in unit material costs, energy and labor, the production of standard roots and rhizomes of licorice with a high content of biologically active substances (BAS), flavonoids, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetic acid, the preservation of local ecotype licorice and species of wild plants in the Association, excluding water, wind and solar erosion of soils and revegetation.

The effect and the technical result in the implementation of the invention in the part of the method is achieved in that in the known method, including mowing and shredding in the form of cutting vegetative shoots licorice and related plants in Association unproductive bushes malt and, the distribution of the crushed mass on the surface of the stubble, crafts marker lines and laying narrow strips with a set spacing between planting material from cuttings of four or five rhizomes of licorice with a high action potential, soil mixing stripes and meats inclined cracks, offset planting material in the cracks and seal the tilled strips according to the invention on the surface of the inclined wall cracks perform grooves for tier placement of fertilizers, and in the upper tier of the lay of nitrogen fertilizer rate of 0.2-0.6 kg A.I/p.m., in the middle tier - phosphate norm of 1,3-1.8 kg A.I/PM, and in the lower tier - potassium fertilizer norm of 0.8-1.6 kg A.I/PM

Describes how to implement tillage tool that contains a frame, hitch, jockey wheel, rack of knives, each of which has a vertical, inclined and horizontal sections, a device for crafts slit in the form of pivotally United with him flap his screw mechanism, the chisel on the horizontal section, installed in pairs on the left side of each rack-knife spherical disks and partition ringed-using a large diameter spur of the rink for extra brackets, according to the invention the inclined section of each rack-knife provided with a set longline cutters in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds, mounted orthogonal to the bottom face of the inclination of the second section of the rack, above each cutter is mounted nozzle pneumotropica associated with the metering system, individual removal of the fertilizer box either nitrogen or potash or phosphate fertilizers, and mentioned seed units kinematically connected with the supporting wheel, each air tube rack-knife is connected with the pressure cavity of the high-pressure fan with hydraulic drive.

Due to the fact that when planting cuttings licorice with a high action potential in wild thickets longline is the in-soil application of nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizers, is achieved by intensive and sustainable growth of plants licorice.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

1 schematically shows the process of improving natural thickets licorice local ecotype and tillage unit for its implementation, the view in the plan.

Figure 2 shows a section a-a in figure 1, the provision of planting material - cuttings from the rhizomes of licorice four-five years of age relative to the marker line on the surface of the land unproductive Solodkova Association.

Figure 3 shows a transverse vertical section of the inclined cracks.

Figure 4 - position of the grooves for tier placement of mineral fertilizers on the surface of the inclined wall cracks.

Figure 5 - cross-the slight pressure from the beginning of the cut soil layer and part of the soil when it is rising above the inclined wall for feeding components of mineral fertilizers in the grooves and free styling cuttings from licorice roots.

Figure 6 - the position of one of the cuttings from the rhizomes of licorice on the inclined wall of the slit.

7 - the process of sealing the tilled strips after tier placement of nitrogen, potash and phosphate fertilizers in the groove and laying cuttings from the rhizomes of licorice on the inclined wall of the slit.

On Fig depicts the working body tillage tools for crafts inclined slots and grooves for longline styling of mineral fertilizers, rear view.

Figure 9 is the same, right view.

Figure 10 is a view in plan.

Figure 11 - cross section b-B in Fig, the cross-section of the nozzles on the incline of the rack cutter for crafts grooves in the upper tier and pivotally connected to the flap.

On Fig - section b-b In Fig, the cross-section of the nozzles on the incline of the rack cutter for crafts groove in the middle tier and screw mechanism of the flap.

On Fig - section G-G Fig cross-section of the nozzle at the rear of the rack cutter for crafts grooves in the lower tier and a hinge for connecting the flap with the stand.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

Method for improving natural thickets licorice local ecoform its permanent habitat includes mowing and shredding in the form of cutting terrestrial vegetative shoots licorice and related plants in the Association (and low ciscopro aktivnih thickets licorice), growing in clumps with projective cover of 25-40%. The ground mass is distributed uniformly in the form of cutting a length of 20-50 mm on the surface of the beveled strip. This operation is performed forage harvesters (KSK-100, Polesie) or beet units (KIR-1,5B). Next on the sloping array of narrow strips 1 width b_nput the cuttings in length 18-25 cm from the rhizomes of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) with high biocapacity. Cuttings 2 is prepared from rhizomes of four or five years of life with a diameter of 12-18 mm. Planting material for the Northern regions of the lower Volga region harvested in the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, preferably in Kamyzjakskom, Narimanov, harabalinskom, Volzhsky and Ikraninskiy districts of the Astrakhan region. For the Astrakhan region, the Kurdish district of Stavropol Krai, republics of Kalmykia and Dagestan planting material should be harvested in the CIS countries (Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan). In the procurement of planting material from regions with hard soil and climatic conditions for cultivation in regions with a temperate climate plants licorice begin to intensively vehetuvaty and give high yields of aboveground mass, and root mass with a high content of glycyrrhizic acid. Change xerothermic growth conditions of the manifold is in but what's the conditions significantly change the chemical processes in the root parts of plants.

Simultaneously with the distribution of planting material in the bands 1 equidistant them perform marker line 3 disk working bodies for driving tillage unit right edge of the caterpillars 4 (wheel) tractor 5 (see figures 1 and 2). Marker line 3 performs at a distance from the strip 1. The value must be equal to or greater than the width of the caterpillar tracks 4 of the tractor 5. This excludes damage cuttings 2 from licorice roots. Adjacent strips 1 perform at a distance, eliminating damage cuttings 2 left caterpillar 6 of the tractor 5.

Then hold the soil mixing bands 7 width b_pand cutting the inclined slots 8 (Fig 3). On the surface of the inclined wall 9 of the slot 8 perform grooves 10, 11 and 12 for tier placement of mineral fertilizers. In the upper layer in the groove 10 at a depth of α₁lay nitrogen fertilizer rate of 0.2-0.6 kg A.I/p.m. (kg active substance per linear meter). In the middle tier in the groove 11 at a depth of α₂place of phosphoric fertilizers norm 1.3-1.8 kg A.I/PM In the groove 12 of the lower layer at a depth of α₃make potash a rate of 0.8-1.6 kg A.I/p.m. (see figure 4).

When cutting the inclined slots 8 produce soil mixing strips 7 and its shift to the side, revealing a trench 13. In the trench 13 to move the cuttings 2 from the surface of the strips 1 (6). After the offset of planting material in the gap 8 is raissadat seal loosened strips 7 (see 7). The tilled strips over the inclined cracks after application of mineral fertilizers and laying cuttings 2 condense sections ringed-using a large diameter spur rollers CCS-6A. This is achieved by the contact of the seed with soil and vegetation. Landing (addition) the described method provides 88-95%survival rate of cuttings 2 Solodkova Association. The results of three years of research in the field in the period 2000-2002 in wild thickets licorice dry steppe ecotype showed high efficiency of the method with the addition cuttings 2 licorice riparian ecotype with high biopotential on arrays with a specified level of mineral nutrition. The data confirm an increase in the productivity of above-ground vegetative green mass licorice and grass up to 30...45 t/ha, and in the fourth year of life up to 10-15 t/ha conforming roots with the content of glycyrrhizic acid to 11-12%.

Tillage tool (1) for implementing the inventive method agregation rods 14, 15 and 16 all systems with the tractor 5. The instrument includes a frame 17, the hinge 18, the support wheel 19, the rack-knives 20 and 21, installed in pairs on the left side of the racks of knives 20 and 21 of the spherical disks 22 and 23, additional brackets 24 and 25 section ringed-using a large diameter spur rink 26. In each pair of spherical disks 22 and 23 of the front on the ode movement of the gun disc 22 has a diameter of 20...40% less than the diameter of the rear disk 23. This reduces the dead zone between the discs 22 and 23 when moving cuttings 2 from the surface of the strip 1 in the trench 13 on the inclined slit 8.

Hour of the knife 20 (21) (see Fig-10) has a vertical part 27, the inclined section 28, the horizontal part 29, the bit 30 to the horizontal section 29, the device 31 for crafts slit in the form of a pivotally connected to a plate and screw mechanism 32.

The front part 33 of the inclined section 28 is provided with a detachable blades 34. The bit 30 is placed with the possibility of dismantling the horizontal section 29.

Vertical part 27 of the rack-knife 20 (21) includes mounting holes 35 for mounting on the frame beams 17 guns. The device 31 for crafts slit 8 is mounted by means of coaxial hinges 36 and 37 on the inclined section 28. The screw mechanism 32 holds the flap device 31 to the desired angle of inclination to the outer plane inclined section 28 of the rack-knife 20 (21).

The inclined section 28 of each rack-knife 20 (21) is provided with a longline set cutters 38, 39 and 40. Each of the cutters 38 (39, 40) has a shape of rectangular parallelepiped. Cutters 38-40 fixed welds on the bottom face inclined section 28 of the rack-knife 20 (21). Above each cutter is mounted nozzle 41 (42, 43) pneumotropica 44, 45 and 46.

Pneumonology 44-46 associated with metering devices 47, placed in the section is 48, 49 and 50 fertilizer box for individual removal of the fertilizer box either nitrogen or potash or phosphate fertilizers. Shaft seeding apparatus 47 is kinematically coupled to the reference wheel 19 by means of a chain 51 and a pair of asterisks with the corresponding step. Each air tube 44 (45, 46) rack-knife 20 (21) is connected pneumatically with the pressure cavity to the high pressure of the fan 52. The fan 52 is a hydraulic actuator 53. Sleeves 54, 55 high pressure hydraulic actuator 53 hydraulically connected to the side section of the hydraulic system of the tractor 5.

Tillage tool with improved natural thickets licorice works as follows.

The above design tools corresponds to the agronomic requirements of tillage machines designed to perform specialized technological operations. Frame 17 guns hang (agregation) on the tractor 5 by means of all systems and rods 14, 15 and 16 three-point scheme of a sample. Sleeves 55 and 54 high pressure hydraulically connect the left section of the valve of the tractor 5 with hydraulic actuator 53. Support wheel 19 on the frame 17 is positioned so that the depth of 30 bits on the racks 20 and 21 was not less than 0,30-0,35 m Moving in the brackets 24 and 25 on the frame 17 to achieve the desired pressure sections Colca is about-using a large diameter spur rink 26. In sections 48, 49 and 50 fall asleep shredded and preparirovanie mineral fertilizers: nitrogen, phosphate and potash. Change application rates of nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizer metering devices 47 are producing the change of gear ratio in a chain transfer 51 (permutation asterisks), and moving the flaps under the bottom of the fertilizer box. Pairs of different-sized spherical disks 22 and 23 set in relation to the shock-knives 20 and 21 so that the planting material with the strips 1 is smoothly moved in the trench 13 in the crafts of the slits 8.

At the steady state motion of the tractor 5 bit 30 on each rack 20 (21) ripping the strip 7 on the width of the b_p(see figure 3). Blades 34 is cut obliquely upper soil layer and part of the ground, forming an inclined wall 9. When moving racks of knives 20 and 21 of the cutters 38, 39 and 40 are formed on the inclined wall 9 of the groove 10, 11 and 12 for floating accommodation accordingly, nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizers. Simultaneously rolling the rim of the supporting wheel 19 of the chain drive 51 is driven into rotation of the drive shaft of the seeding apparatus 47. When the shaft of the seeding apparatus 47 last of sections 48, 49 and 50 fertilizer box submitted accordingly nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizers and served in the tees pnevmoprivod 44, 45 and 46. At work the next hydraulic motor 53 high-pressure fan 52, the air flow is divided accordingly to the forced transportation of bulk mineral fertilizers on pneumotropica 44, 45 and 46 to the nozzles 41, 42 and 43. Nozzles flows of mineral fertilizers (N, P, K) are directed into the grooves 10, 11, 12, where they are deposited in the form of granules or powder.

Shields racks of knives 20 and 21 of the device 31 for crafts slots 8 open groove 13. Different-sized spherical disks 22 and 23 cuttings with 2 strips 1 are shifted in the trench 13 and those sliding down, stacked on the inclined wall 9. The raised soil layer and part of the ground after escaping from the shield device 31 smoothly falls on the inclined wall 9, pressing the shanks 2 and closing the soil grooves 10-12. To create a contact, cuttings 2 with soil tilled strips 7 is rolled sections ringed-using a large diameter spur rink 26.

Due to the fact that in the soil perform short slit 8 and the trench 13 is opened only for a few seconds for laying cuttings 2, soil moisture is not reduced in root horizon. The presence of moisture and high soil temperatures lead to the awakening of axillary buds. Of them are formed vegetative shoots and roots. At the initial stage of plant development licorice need for nitrogen fertilizers. With the least amount of sucking roots and the limited length of the grooves 10 are macronutrients from the reserves of nitrogen nutrition.

On the second and third years of the life of the plant roots and rhizomes of licorice used macronutrients of the grooves 11 and 12 with phosphorus is burnt and potash fertilizers. The presence of mineral nutrition of nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizers provides intensive pobegoobrazuyuschaya and growth of the vegetative mass. The results of three experimental data indicate a high efficiency of the proposed method in comparison with the known and controlled. When 88-95% survival rate of plants licorice yield of green mass reaches 35-45 t/ha, while the productivity of raw roots in the fourth year plant life is 10-15 t/ha with the content of glycyrrhizic acid 11-12%.

1. Method for improving natural thickets of licorice, including mowing, shredding in the form of cutting vegetative shoots licorice and related plants in Association unproductive bushes licorice, crushed distribution of mass on the surface of the stubble, crafts marker lines and laying narrow strips with a set spacing between planting material from cuttings of four or five rhizomes of licorice with a high action potential, soil mixing stripes and meats inclined cracks, offset planting material in the cracks and seal the tilled strips, characterized in that the surface of the inclined wall cracks perform grooves for tier placement of fertilizers, and in the upper tier of the lay nitrogen fertilizer norm 0,2-0,6 kg DV/p.m., in the middle tier - osbornia fertilization rate of 1.3-1.8 kg)/RM, and in the lower tier - potassium fertilizer rate of 0.8-1.6 kg)/PM

2. Tillage tool that contains a frame, hitch, jockey wheel, rack of knives, each of which has a vertical, inclined and horizontal sections, a device for crafts slit in the form of pivotally United with him flap his screw mechanism, the chisel on the horizontal section, installed in pairs on the left side of each rack-knife spherical disks and partition ringed-Sporovo rink for extra brackets, characterized in that the inclined section of each rack-knife provided with a longline set cutters in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds, mounted orthogonal to the bottom face inclined section of the rack-knife, on each the cutter is mounted nozzle pneumotropica associated with the metering system, individual removal of the fertilizer box either nitrogen or potash or phosphate fertilizers, and mentioned seed units kinematically connected with the supporting wheel, each air tube rack-knife is connected with the pressure cavity of the high-pressure fan with hydraulic drive.

3. The instrument according to claim 2, characterized in that each pair of spherical disks front in the direction of movement of the gun disc has a diameter of 20...40% less than the diameter of the rear disk.