Sandy land reclamation method

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, amelioration method used for creating of fertile layer on low-humus sandy soil.

SUBSTANCE: method involves applying lime and organic fertilizer into humus-depleted soil, said organic fertilizer being introduced in the form of ground plant remains and/or other forms in an amount of up to 40% the volume of ridges by distributing said fertilizer in furrows between ridges; forming ridges in the course of presowing treatment; applying layer of colmatant providing total volume of at least 20% the volume of pores of formed fertile layer; forming ridges with following breaking of formerly created ridges; embedding organic fertilizer and simultaneously applying biologically active preparation; 30-40 days later, reapplying organic fertilizer; reforming ridges and simultaneously irrigating ground organic with biologically active preparation; sowing seeds of cultured crops.

EFFECT: reduced time for creating on humus-depleted sandy soil of fertile layer adapted for immediate agricultural application, reduced wind and water erosion and provision for forming of recreational zones.

1 ex

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular in irrigation and drainage, and can be used to create topsoil on slabogazirovannyh sandy soils to improve their fertility and agricultural use, reduce wind erosion, or create recreational areas.

Known method of remediation - remediation of land under agricultural land used in the Dnieper brown coal basin, which consists in leveling dumps and application of soil layer thickness 0.5-1.1 m (Polishchuk A.K. and other Equipment and technology for remediation at surface mines. - M.: Nedra, 1977, p.38).

The disadvantage of this method is low efficiency due to high costs almost complete restoration of topsoil if necessary, delivery of large volumes of soil and levelling it in advance rasplanirovana surface.

There is a method of rekultivirovanie disturbed lands, used on the territory of the Rhine brown coal basin (Germany), including delivery and distribution area loess loam with spreaders or by transportation through pipelines, seeding alfalfa, three years after the formation of humus and nitrogen holding plowing and fertilizing and seeding see the new crops (Polishchuk, A. and other Equipment and technology for remediation at surface mines. - M.: Nedra, 1977, p.43).

The disadvantage of this method is low efficiency due to high costs full recovery of topsoil if necessary, delivery loess-like loams, their distribution and levelling, as well as long duration land reclamation.

Known method of reclaiming the blade sulfur-containing species lignite career in the GDR, which consists in the preliminary planning of the blade to prevent water erosion, the introduction of lignite fly ash and lime, in a cross plowing and weeding, sprinkling diluted wastewater (Polishchuk A.K. and other Equipment and technology for remediation at surface mines. - M.: Nedra, 1977, page 39).

The disadvantage of this method is low efficiency due to high costs full recovery of topsoil if necessary, delivery of lignite ash, distribution and leveling, as well as the costs of organizing and conducting irrigation wastewater that is reasonable only if the relative proximity of the object reclamation station for waste water treatment.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is a method of cultivation of a mineral is the major soils of low natural fertility with little humus horizon (less than 15-17 cm), including primary processing - uscategory subsurface tillage with cutting drainage furrow and loosening of the underlying layer, clearing intersections and estuaries with application of lime and organic fertilizers, Grebneva winter crops with the mandrel intersections and mouths manually or Grebneva at pre-treatment (Emelyanova I.M. and other Recommendations for cultivation and agricultural use of reclaimed lands in the Nonchernozem zone of the RSFSR. - Leningrad: in Sevdiyim, 1978, pages 7-18, PL. 7).

The disadvantage of this method is the low efficiency of the method under cultivation slabogazirovannyh light sandy land, since it does not include activities that increase the content of organic matter in the soil.

The objective of the invention to provide a novel method of reclamation slabogazirovannyh sand or other mineral soils, providing the ability to control the content of humus and create a fertile layer in a short time through the use of organics-containing components and activation of soil processes microbiological preparations made along the axis of the formed ridges, for subsequent agricultural use of lands withdrawn from circulation as a result of industrial development of the territory is the territory, to reduce wind and water erosion or create recreational areas.

This problem is solved as follows.

In a known method of reclamation of sandy land, including the application of lime and organic fertilizers depleted in humus soil and Grebneva at pre-treatment, while Grebneva carried out after the surface is created soil put a layer of plugging a total volume of not less than 20% of the pore volume being formed of topsoil, organic fertilizers applied in the form of ground vegetation and (or) other forms of up to 40% of the volume of the ridges by distributing them in the furrows between the ridges, are Razvilka previously formed ridges with the incorporation of organic matter and with simultaneous application of biologically active agents that promote rapid pregnany organics, through 30-40 days again contribute organic matter and conduct the re-formation of the ridges with simultaneous irrigation crushed organic biologically active drug and the sowing of the seeds of cultivated plants.

Distinctive features of the prototype features are:

- Grebneva carried out after the surface is created put a layer of soil plugging;

- put a layer of plugging a total volume of not less than 20% of the pore volume being formed of topsoil;

- organic fertilizer VNO is it in the form of ground vegetation and (or) other forms of up to 40% of the volume of the ridges by distributing them in the furrows between the ridges;

- conduct Razvilka previously formed ridges with the incorporation of organic matter and with simultaneous application of biologically active agents that promote rapid pregnany organics;

- 30-40 days again contribute organic matter and conduct the re-formation of the ridges with simultaneous irrigation crushed organic biologically active drug and the sowing of the seeds of cultivated plants.

Grebneva carried out after the surface is created put a layer of soil plugging that allows after repeated mixing to reduce the permeability of the sandy soil and to prevent the active removal of organic matter formed in the processed layer, when the washing mode filtering in case of loss of a large amount of precipitation.

Put a layer of plugging a total volume of not less than 20% of the pore volume generated by the fertile layer, allowing the total porosity of the sandy ground to 17-30% to achieve the required degree of reducing the permeability of the soil and to eliminate the removal of organic matter.

Organic fertilizers applied in the form of ground vegetation and (or) other forms of up to 40% of the volume of the ridges by distributing them in the furrows between the ridges, which provides accumulation in soil layer formed enough humus to 2-4% in short is rocky.

Spend Razvilka previously formed ridges with the incorporation of organic matter and with simultaneous application of biologically active agents that promote rapid pregnany organic matter that provides concentrated organic matter in the Central part of the newly formed ridges and fast processing - less than 30-40 days.

After 30-40 days again contribute organic matter and conduct the re-formation of the ridges with simultaneous irrigation crushed organic biologically active drug and the sowing of the seeds of cultivated plants that can significantly increase the humus content in the formed fertile layer to 7% and to prepare the ground for an active agricultural or recreational use in the shortest period of 3-4 months.

Thus, it provides a causal link together the distinctive features of the claimed invention and achieved technical result: the creation of a fertile layer of sand or other mineral soil in a short time for agricultural use, reduce wind and water erosion or create recreational areas in the areas of development of sand quarries, coastal oil production.

The example of the industrial applicability of the invention.

When organizing coastal oil acting on the Sakhalin island in the drilling and about the disorder of oil wells, perform a soil backfill around these wells for large areas (up to 100-150 ha) in compliance with environmental requirements necessary land reclamation and the almost complete restoration of vegetative cover to prevent water and wind erosion. After the preliminary plan to the surface of the applied layer of plugging a total volume of not less than 20% of the pore volume generated by the fertile soil layer (up to 100-120 t/ha). As plugging use of organics-containing material, such as peat or mineral soil, for example clay loam, clay. Use as plugging peat is preferred because this material is capable of swelling when wetted and precipitation the presence of peat particles in the pores of sandy soil more effectively prevents removal of the formed organic matter. For relatively uniform distribution of plugging on the surface of the created soil use specialised agricultural machinery, such as machine for making solid organic fertilizers ORT-10, with a width of 6...7 m and a capacity of 60 t/h Making plugging and gradually, in the course of processing, mixing it with sand layer allows for total porosity of the sandy ground to 17-30% to achieve the required degree of reduction in permeability of this is runte and exclude the removal of organic matter.

Grebneva performed using a ridge shaping mechanisms, for example using a ridge shaping drills (A.S. USSR №946430, MKI⁵A 01 With 7/00, B. I. No. 28), ridge planter universal STV - 4 designs FGUP Dalniye, produced by JSC “Askold” (, Arsenyev Primorsky Krai), or planter SGBV-3,6 (modified version), which allow to form ridges with a height of up to 0.35 m and the distance between the axes 0,70-0,90 m

In sandy soil ridges do not possess long-term stability and in this regard, organics-containing components in the form of pre-shredded vegetable and / or other forms contribute immediately after the formation of the ridges. Chopping weeds can be conducted at the place of its preparation by means of a grinder. With the same purpose can be used waste wood processing industry (chips, sawdust), seaweed, and fish processing waste, if they are in the place of work to remediate the land. Organics-containing components make up 40% of the volume of the ridges by distributing it in the hollows between the ridges, which provides accumulation formed in the soil a sufficient amount of humus (up to 3-4%) in a short time.

After making organics-containing components are Razvilka previously formed ridges and form new grubnic by using a ridge shaping mechanisms, than is provided by the incorporation of organic matter. The formation of new ridges carried out with simultaneous application of fermentation biologically active drug. At high pH soil before razvalkoj previously formed ridges ridge on the surface of the field scattered lime or recorded simultaneously with the formation of newly formed ridges through fertilizer distributors Diablo drills, such as drill SGBV-3,6.

Fermenting microbial drug previously prepared, for example, with the use of effective microorganisms “Kusa-AM” (Effective microorganisms: practical recommendations for application of products series EM / comp. Severin WA, Adamenko L.Y. // seaside EM. - Vladivostok, 2002, page 11). The specified drug in the ratio of 1:500-1:1000 diluted with water, placed in a working tank mounted sprayer, such as HE-600-12, produced by JSC “Askold” (, Arsenyev Primorsky Krai), and contribute directly to the zone in which the newly formed ridges concentrated organics-containing components before filling this area with a layer of sandy soil. To this end, the ends of the supply pipe microbiological fermentation product from the working tank mounted sprayer output before seed planter apparatus. Introduction fermentation mi the microbiological preparation promotes rapid, less than 30-40 days, pregnany organics-containing components and the accumulation of humus in the processed layer of sandy soil.

After 30-40 days in the hollows between the ridges again contribute organics-containing components and conduct the re-formation of the ridges with ridge shaping drill SGBV-3,6 with simultaneous irrigation crushed organic biologically active drug and the sowing of the seeds of cultivated plants. The most advisable to sow oats, which allows to obtain a sufficiently large amount of green mass and during the next re-formation of the ridges without additional contribution of organics to significantly increase the humus content in the artificially formed soil layer up to 7%. In the future, to prevent wind and water erosion, it is advisable to cultivate such fodder crops like clover, with well-developed root system, or melons. When using the land for recreational purposes it is expedient to consolidate the soil by planting shrubs and woody vegetation.

For sandy soils in conditions of intensive industrial development of the area is characterized by the almost complete absence of humus, which significantly complicates the reclamation and revegetation using known technologies. The proposed method of reclamation of sandy soils allow you to plug the em to significantly increase the humus content in the artificially formed the fertile layer and prepare the ground for an active agricultural or recreational use in the shortest possible time - for 3-4 months.

Method of reclamation of sandy land, including the application of lime and organic fertilizers depleted in humus soil, Grebneva at pre-treatment, characterized in that the surface created put a layer of soil plugging a total volume of not less than 20% of the pore volume generated by the fertile layer, conduct Grebneva, organic fertilizers applied in the form of ground vegetation and (or) other forms of up to 40% of the volume of the ridges by distributing them in the furrows between the ridges, are Razvilka previously formed ridges with the incorporation of organic fertilizers and with simultaneous application of biologically active agents that promote rapid pregnany organic fertilizers, 30-40 days again make organic fertilizer and conduct the re-formation of the ridges with simultaneous irrigation crushed organic biologically active drug and the sowing of the seeds of cultivated plants.