The way to create a clean solodkova thickets local ecoform |
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IPC classes for russian patent The way to create a clean solodkova thickets local ecoform (RU 2227969):
 The method of growing potatoes / 2226327
The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of growing potatoes
 How viticultural oil-contaminated soils / 2225086
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and can be used to eliminate the toxic effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on soil and crop plants
 The method of restoring soil fertility / 2224398
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to restore fertility to low productive arable land, contaminated land, erosion-prone slopes
 The method of growing potatoes / 2224397
The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in potato production
 The way to improve old-growth seed grass goat's rue east / 2223622
The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for rejuvenation of old age (older than 7 years) seed grass goat's Rue East
 The method of disposal of excess activated sludge biological treatment facilities of petrochemical companies / 2223236
The invention relates to the protection of the environment and can be used in oil refining and oil industry and land reclamation and landfill of industrial waste
Method of leaching of saline soils / 2222182
The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for desalinization of saline soils
 The way the primary processing of soils developed peatlands / 2222125
The invention relates to agriculture and forestry and can be used for reclamation of depleted peatlands for crop production and afforestation
Method for restoration of contaminated soil, ground and water / 2243638
Method involves mechanical removal of excessive contaminants from surface and reducing toxicity of contaminated soil; sowing green manure crops and perennial grasses; preliminarily removing taking soil samples from contaminated surface and separating native contaminant destructors therefrom; after mechanical removal of contaminant from soil surface, providing sequential treatment of plot soil with water-soluble humates and at least double treatment with native contaminant destructors; mellowing soil; applying lime with mineral fertilizers such as saltpeter, double superphosphate and calcium chloride. Green manure crops are sown after application of fertilizers. Method further involves grinding green manure crops, plowing into soil and covering with soil by means of covering roll.
 Method for thermal soil amelioration (versions) / 2244392
Method involves cultivating soil by forming ridges after germination of weedage and providing subsequent cultivation procedures by breaking formerly formed ridges and forming new ridges; providing presowing soil treatment by embedding germinated weedage, stubble and other plant remains axially of ridges and simultaneously introducing microbiological humus-forming preparation; 20-40 days after introducing of humus-forming preparation (according to first version), breaking formerly formed ridges and forming new ones and simultaneously sowing late crops; according to second version, providing sowing of farm crops simultaneously with embedding of germinated weedage and introducing of humus-forming preparation. Methods allow total of active soil temperatures during presowing period to be increased owing to composting effect.
Sandy land reclamation method / 2244393
Method involves applying lime and organic fertilizer into humus-depleted soil, said organic fertilizer being introduced in the form of ground plant remains and/or other forms in an amount of up to 40% the volume of ridges by distributing said fertilizer in furrows between ridges; forming ridges in the course of presowing treatment; applying layer of colmatant providing total volume of at least 20% the volume of pores of formed fertile layer; forming ridges with following breaking of formerly created ridges; embedding organic fertilizer and simultaneously applying biologically active preparation; 30-40 days later, reapplying organic fertilizer; reforming ridges and simultaneously irrigating ground organic with biologically active preparation; sowing seeds of cultured crops.
Method for cultivation of soya for seed under clearly defined continental climate conditions / 2244394
Method involves sowing sorts of soya with different ripening time; simultaneously sowing sorts of soya of at least four different ripening time in adjacent rows, with early ripening sorts being combined with late ripening sorts; setting seeding norm for early ripening sorts of soya in the range of 600,000-650,000 pieces/hectare and for late ripening sorts of soya in the range of 400,000-450,000 pieces/hectare.
Method for protecting of sown wheat crop from complex of pests / 2245010
Method involves forming entomofauna of crop agrocenosis by accumulating pests on restricted territory for creating attracting strips of spring wheat of two sowing periods with break-off time between said periods of five to seven days around winter wheat strips; providing feed stock conveyor system for complex of pests; applying insecticides only on basic winter wheat strips and attracting strips of spring wheat strips, with basic spring wheat strips being excluded from treatment process.
Method for enrichment of soil during cultivation of farm crops / 2246196
Method involves applying alternative organic fertilizer into soil, with alternative organic fertilizer being straw used in an amount of 4.5-5.6 t/hectare and green mass of stubble green manure crop (lupine) used in an amount of 7.9-8.6 t/hectare; plowing-in said organic fertilizer into soil in the autumn.
 Method and apparatus for irrigation during plowing / 2246820
Method involves cutting furrow by means of soil cutting tool; feeding water or liquid fertilizer into furrow and covering furrow. Uniform distribution of fertilizer applied to compound intersected relief is provided by forming web of height smaller than plowing depth by 0.4-0.7 time before supplying of water or liquid fertilizer into open furrow. Apparatus has frame with plow bodies equipped with tine having share and moldboard and fixed on frame. Web forming device mounted on frame behind outer plow body is made in the form of rotor with vertical shaft of rotation and blades for moving soil from ridges of adjacent plowed strips. Apparatus has drive. Rotor drive is kinematically connected and aligned with frame carrier wheel.
 Method and working tool for improving natural licorice undergrowth / 2247478
Method involves mowing and grinding licorice vegetative buds and accompanying plants in association of low-productivity licorice undergrowth by means of haying machines to produce cuttings; while mowing, uniformly distributing ground mass over surface of mown strip; providing marker lines and placing planting material in narrow strips at predetermined spacing, with high-quality cuttings of 4-5 years licorice rootages of 12-18 mm diameter and 18-25 cm length being used as planting material; mellowing strips and cutting inclined slits by means of tillage tool; during advancement of machine, moving planting material into inclined slits; simultaneously with planting of cuttings, providing grooves for receiving of mineral fertilizer in surface of inclined wall of slit by means of slitter tine equipped with tiered cutters made in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds; placing nitrogenous fertilizer at norm of 0.2-0.6 kg/running meter in upper tier and phosphorous fertilizer at norm of 1.3-1.8 kg/running meter in middle tier; introducing into lower layer potash fertilizer at norm of 0.8-1.6 kg/running meter for development of plants at second and third years of life; after introducing of mineral fertilizer and placing of cuttings, compacting mellowed strips above inclined slits by means of ring-lug roller sections. Nozzle of pneumatic pipeline is arranged above each cutter. Each pneumatic pipeline is individually connected with seeding unit for withdrawal from fertilizer box of nitrogenous, phosphorous or potash fertilizer. Seeding units are kinematically connected with supporting wheel. Each pneumatic pipeline of tine-cutter is connected with pressure cavity of high-pressure fan equipped with hydraulic drive.
 Method for cultivation of red clover in clearly defined continental climate / 2248109
Method involves sowing red clover (trifolium pratense L.) and cover crop at optimal time in spring; after harvesting of preceding crop, providing stubble breaking to 0.06-0.08 m depth and ameliorating mellowing to 0.6-0.8 m depth; applying phosphorous-potash fertilizer to provide for 3-4 year life of plants; plowing soil while turning layers by means of bottom-moldboard plows to 0.25-0.27 m depth while fully embedding stubble remains; after deep ameliorating tillage combined with turning of root layer, providing irrigation at the end of September - beginning of October at irrigation rate of 700-900 m3/hectare for keeping pre-irrigation soil moisture threshold; closing moisture feeding in early spring by means of heavy harrows in two tracks transverse to center ridges during moldboard plowing and simultaneously leveling field relief; providing cultivation to 0.05-0.08 m depth for killing cold-resistant weeds by means of A-hoes; providing presowing and postsowing compaction for increasing soil density in seeding layer at 0-10 cm depth; performing interlace sowing in early spring (0.30 m) of cover crop (oats, less commonly barley) at seeding rate of (3.0-3.5)·106 pieces of seeds per 1 hectare (continuous sowing at seeding rate of (8.5-9.5)·106 pieces per hectare to 0.03-0.04 m depth on light soil and 0.02-0.03 m depth on heavy soil for producing of 450-500 plants per 1 m2 at full germination phase, 250-300 plants at spring growing phase of second year of life, 200-220 plants per 1 m2 at spring growing phase of third year of life; providing mineral feeding by applying rated norms of phosphorous-potash fertilizer for stock plowing for three years of utilization of herbage, and applying differentiated doses of nitrous fertilizer for further mowing. Application of up to 100 kg/hectare of nitrogen during growing period at maximal dose of 35 kg/hectare for first mowing provides yield of up to 60 t/hectare of green mass, and application of 130 kg of nitrogen per hectare during growing period at maximal dose of 45 kg/hectare for first mowing provides yield of up to 80 t/hectare of green mass. Yield of 40 t/hectare of green mass is provided at irrigation norm of 850 m3/hectare with minimal period between irrigation procedures of 14-16 days, with total irrigation norm making 3,200-3,400 m3/hectare. Clover is mown at flowering phase. Time between green mass harvesting and irrigation procedures is reduced to 1-3 days. Last mowing procedure is performed 25-30 days before air temperature reaches 00C.
 Method for cultivation of perennial fodder grasses / 2248110
Method involves periodically mowing biomass; irrigating and applying mineral fertilizer in spring at initial grass growing stage and for feeding after each mowing operation; after harvesting of preceding crop, providing pre-plowing irrigation at norm of 300-400 m3/hectare and ameliorating mellowing to 0.4-0.6 m depth; plowing to 0.25-0.27 m depth with turning of soil layer; mellowing top layer by means of cultivators to 0.08-0.012 m depth; leveling microrelief of irrigated field by means of levelers; providing interlace sowing of leguminous crops, such as lucerne and clover, and meadow grass crops, such as meadow fescue and orchard grass, at seeding norm of 4.8·106, 5.4·106, 5.5·106 and 8.1·106 pieces of seed per hectare, respectively, with grass mixtures being composed of two or four crops; keeping seeding depth in the range of 0.02-0.03 and 0.05-0.06 m; maintaining mineral feeding mode by applying phosphorous-potash fertilizer at norm rated for plowing for stock sufficient for 3-4 year usage of herbage; applying nitrous fertilizer in differentiated doses for mowing; applying 60 kg/hectare of nitrous fertilizer at growing period at maximal dose for first mowing of 40 kg/hectare to provide for guaranteed yield of up to 50 t/hectare of green mass; 80 kg/hectare at maximal dose for first mowing of 60 kg/hectare to provide for herbage yield of up to 70 t/hectare of green mass, and 100 kg/hectare at maximal dose of 70 kg/hectare for first mowing to provide for guaranteed yield of grass mixture of up to 90 t/hectare; keeping irrigation mode within the range of 60-80% norm of moisture. Green mass yield of from 50 to 90 t/hectare is provided with total irrigation norm of 2,550-3,250 m3/hectare to 3,600-4,050 m3/hectare. Interval between green mass harvesting and irrigation procedures at growing period is reduced to 2-3 days. Agronomical care involves harrowing of last years crop fields, after mowing of grass for green feed, and in autumn - slitting field of young crop field of second and third years of life of plants to 0.4-0.6 m depth.
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The invention is used in agriculture for a radical improvement of natural wild thickets licorice local ecoform (dry, estuary, flood) as licorice raw materials for the pharmaceutical, medical, chemical, perfume, food, confectionery, canning, tobacco and other special industries. The inventive method provides for mechanical destruction of weeds. Around the perimeter of licorice-herb Association provide fire-fighting shaft with a width of 1.4-1.8 m turnover of a layer of soil to a depth of 20-27 see On-site habitat associations form alternating stripes of a width of 2-3 m milling the top layer of the soil to a depth of 3-6 see This perform mulching the surface of the strips as reservata remains Solodkova and forb vegetation. Interstrip space width of 8 to 12 m with stubble and/or vegetative shoots licorice, mortmass, residues and stalks of related plants burn. It reaches the density of stems licorice and increase productivity licorice raw materials. 1 Il.
The invention is intended for Coromandel) as licorice raw materials for the pharmaceutical, medical, chemical, perfume, food, confectionery, canning, tobacco and other special industries.
There is a method of destruction of the sod, stubble and subsistence parts and roots in Solodkova associations, which is implemented by the device, including the frame, suspension, wheels, milling drum, the flap and the drive of the milling drum in the form of a series set in the kinematic chain telescopic cardan shaft with hinges gook on the ends, bevel gear, chain couplings, safety devices and on-Board gear, in which the side gear is made in the form prescribed in the housing cavity and the United toothed chain drive shaft, the driven shaft and the tension pulley with a force loading mechanism, this idler pulley is presented in the form of a package, radial ball bearings, installed by the axis in the prism mounted in grooves in the housing cavity, and the lower part of the prism is interfaced by means of elastic elements with force loading mechanism; the mechanism of force loading of the tension pulley is made as mounted in an H-shaped frame, a pair of longitudinal wedges associated with mating inclined gr and, thus the free end of the screw carries with emphasis mounted in the housing cavity side of the gearbox; the transition element and the prism tensioner posted in guides and mutually coupled by a cylindrical pin mounted on the bottom face of the prism and freely mounted in the elastic elements and the hole of the transition element; an elastic element is designed as pairs and opposite set of Belleville (conical) spring; case side gear made in the form of welded construction and are equipped with filler, control and drain plugs and mounting hatch, with length equal to the diameter of the hatch separating the circumference of the largest toothed sprocket chain; driven shaft with a toothed sprocket chain from weaning torque on a milling drum mounted in a pair of radial rolling bearing, Cup bearing closed end-to-end by a cover provided with an additional flange; a pair of rolling bearings installed ring (RU, patent No. 2179790 C2, IPC7AND 01 IN 33/02, 71/00. The device for breaking the sod, stubble and subsistence parts and roots in Solodkova associations /Gilda A. C., Gilda N. A., Caldew A. M. - Application No. 2000108840/13; claimed 07.04.2000; publ. 27.02.2002, bull. No. 6 //the th in Solodkova Association is that in a mulch layer of buried seeds one and perennial plants, including cocklebur dicots, the evil weed and not suitable for food. Despite the fact that this layer is saved all the seeds of wild grasses, however, this method is unable to achieve environmentally friendly bushes licorice and licorice Ural local ecoform.
The closest analogue to the stated object is a method for improving natural thickets of licorice, including mowing and shredding in the form of cutting vegetative shoots licorice and related plants in the Association on unproductive bushes with subsequent distribution of the crushed mass on the surface of the beveled array and cutting slits on the prepared areas in which on the territory occupied by the plants growing wild licorice, and adjacent areas on the periphery of each circuit associated grasses in Solodkova Association, preferably perpendicular to the direction of the cardinal directions North-South (N-S), mainly in late autumn period when reaching the soil moisture in the root zone horizon 70-80% the lower moisture content in the upper soil layer simultaneously with the cutting of the slits perform hole diameter of 0.15-0.25 m, depth 0, the rich slits cut into a width of 0,005-0,010 m to a depth of 0.2-0.3 m increments between 0,8-1,2 m
Tillage tool that contains a frame, bracket, hinge, wheels, ballast boxes, sections batteries with discs in the front row, the section of the battery with discs in the rear row and the mechanism changes the angle of attack of disks, in which the sections of the battery in the front row are installed on the shafts by means of spools disc blades with a diameter of 0.6-0.8 m, with a thickness of 5-10 mm, and in sections batteries back in target disk knives batteries in the front row are installed on the shafts by means of spools cut spherical disks with a diameter of 0.5-0.6 m; each bobbin is made in the form of a pair of mutually mating threaded bushings the sleeve with an external thread posted by the jam nut (RU, patent No. 2180997 C1 IPC7A 01 D 91/02, AND 01 IN 49/02. Method for improving natural thickets of licorice and tillage tool for its implementation /Gilda A. - Application No. 2000124898/13; claimed 03.10.2000; publ. 10.04.2002, bull. No. 10 //the Invention. Utility models. - 2002. - № 10).
Licorice Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Ural licorice Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. belong to the family of legumes Fabaceae. Like any legume, it is susceptible to disease and suffers from agricultural damage the t licorice Association from diseases and C.-X. pests not only vegetative shoots, brushes, flowers, beans, seeds, and roots and rhizomes of licorice. This way, we adopted as naiblizhajshee counterpart, allows for a quantitative change only the mass characteristic roots and rhizomes of licorice.
The invention consists in the following.
The problem to which the invention is directed, is the increased productivity Solodkova thickets by competitive suppression of wild plants in Solodkova Association, destruction C. agricultural pests and thermal disinfection habitats licorice.
The effect and the technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention, expressed in increasing the productivity of natural thickets licorice by increasing the density of stems per each square meter of occupied its space.
The effect and the technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved in that in the known method net Solodkova thickets local ecoform, including mechanical removal of weeds, according to the invention along the perimeter of the licorice-herb Association provide fire-fighting shaft with a width of 1.4 to 1.8 turnover of soil layer is the use of topsoil to a depth of 3-6 cm mulching the surface of the strips remains Solodkova and herbaceous vegetation after mowing the vegetative mass, and bespolostnoe space width 8-12 m from vegetative shoots and/or stubble licorice, mortmass, sowing balances and related stalks of plants burn.
Due to the fact that in the bands 8-12 m burn residue Solodkova Association, together with her burn pathogens, S. agricultural pests licorice, seeds persistent weeds in the vacant space licorice begins to grow and takes up the entire liberated territory, increasing this density of vegetative shoots.
In the bands of a width of 2-3 m, as in reservations remain single and perennial grasses.
The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows licorice Association with protected areas.
Information confirming the possibility of implementing the inventive method are as follows.
Life rhythms and morphological features found in the Lower Volga region the licorice can be divided into three ecotype: dry, estuary, flood. The most extensive habitat differs dry steppe ecotype. Local populations meet him on plakors Volga-Ural, the Volga-don interfluve and Sarpinskiy lowlands in the composition of the dry steppe and semi-desert gr is active coating does not exceed 25-30%. Most typically diffuse placement on the square with the formation of clumps. The height of shoots not exceed 0,8...1,2 m is Associated with such species as wormwood pontina, Janaki, Elytrigia repens, Galium yellow, alfalfa yellow, camel thorn, Kermek Caspian. Vegetative mass is increasing significantly to the phase setting of beans. After that, the growth of aboveground mass stops. The share of licorice in the total mass of grasses in areas of meadow steppe ranges from 18 to 52%. Most crop create grasslands, located in the lowlands. So, in Sitnyakovo-herb-Solodkova Association on the hay yield is of 1.53 t/ha, licorice 1.13 t/ha In the plains-Solodkova Association mass of hay is 2.3 t/ha, licorice of 1.21 t/ha
Licorice in floodplains is a member of many associations herbs. The yield of grasses depends on the share of licorice. In licorice-gestacao-herb Association hay yield is 1.8...2.2 t/ha, with the proportion of licorice does not exceed 15...30%.
To increase the productivity of Solodkova thickets local ecoform perform the following operations. Visually estimate the amount of aboveground shoots and establish boundaries Solodkova Association. By cutting away the grass from the West with the specially protected species of plants, listed in the Red book of the Russian Federation. After mechanical destruction of the crop, if productive green mass of less than 2 t/ha, grinding ground shoots around the perimeter of licorice-herb Association provide fire-fighting shaft 3. Similarly create the shaft 4 around the site 2.
Fire-fighting shafts 3 and 4 perform with a width of 1.4-1.8 m turnover of a layer of soil to a depth of 20-27 see On site 1 habitat associations form alternating stripes 5 width of 2-3 m Band 5 perform milling the top layer of the soil to a depth of 3-6 see So mulch the surface of the strips 5 residues Solodkova and herbaceous vegetation. This eliminates the dryness of the upper horizon of the soil and stored root systems of perennial plants, such as seeds related plants.
Bespolostnoe space 6 of a width of 8-12 m with stubble and/or vegetative shoots licorice, mortmass, residues and stalks of related plants burn. Stubble and pozivnice balances, stems, leaves, seeds and mortmass burn. The soil surface is thermally decontaminated. Microbes and S. agricultural pests die from high temperature and crumbled to ash.
In conditions of Lower Polonca helps sterilizacii soil layer. Vegetative shoots licorice, with a high degree of tanoti, from August to November without competitors create pure licorice Association. As it grows, they form the upper canopy vegetation communities, while others are under the canopy, deprived of the sun.
Power shoots dry steppe ecotype licorice with good obliterati and the total mass above 2...3 times in comparison with control. The density of thickets exceeded 25...30 shoots on each square meter, while the control did not exceed 6-8 pieces. Green mass of licorice on 15.10.2001 was 2.3 t/ha and the control of only 0.8 t/ha
The pace of development of the above-ground shoots and bookmark generative organs in 2002, significantly different compared with control. Noticeably significant difference in quantitative terms beans and fullness of their seeds licorice.
Thus, the described set of operations ensures the achievement of the technical result.
Claims The way to create a clean Solodkova thickets local ecoform, including mechanical removal of weeds, characterized in that the perimeter of licorice-herb Association create eacii form alternating stripes of a width of 2-3 m milling the top layer of the soil to a depth of 3-6 cm mulching the surface of the strips remains Solodkova and forb vegetation and interstrip space width of 8 to 12 m with stubble and/or vegetative shoots licorice, mortmass, residues and stalks of related plants burn.
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