The method of cultivation of melons and device for its implementation |
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IPC classes for russian patent The method of cultivation of melons and device for its implementation (RU 2227965):
 The method of growing potatoes / 2226327
The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of growing potatoes
 How viticultural oil-contaminated soils / 2225086
The invention relates to the field of environmental protection and can be used to eliminate the toxic effect of petroleum hydrocarbons on soil and crop plants
 The method of restoring soil fertility / 2224398
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to restore fertility to low productive arable land, contaminated land, erosion-prone slopes
 The method of growing potatoes / 2224397
The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in potato production
 The way to improve old-growth seed grass goat's rue east / 2223622
The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for rejuvenation of old age (older than 7 years) seed grass goat's Rue East
 The method of disposal of excess activated sludge biological treatment facilities of petrochemical companies / 2223236
The invention relates to the protection of the environment and can be used in oil refining and oil industry and land reclamation and landfill of industrial waste
Method of leaching of saline soils / 2222182
The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for desalinization of saline soils
 The way the primary processing of soils developed peatlands / 2222125
The invention relates to agriculture and forestry and can be used for reclamation of depleted peatlands for crop production and afforestation
 The method of cultivation of herbs / 2220524
The invention relates to agriculture, particularly to methods of cultivation of agricultural crops, and in particular natural and seeded grasses
 Seed combo unit / 2226324
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular, the creation of sustainable plant communities on pastures
 The local method of fertilizer application and device for its implementation / 2225088
The invention relates to agriculture, namely to the local fertilizer
 Combined tillage unit / 2224395
The invention relates to the agricultural industry, in particular units, for performing a single pass several technological operations
 Combination tillage tool / 2224394
The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to soil cultivating implements
 Tillage tool / 2222128
 Combined tillage unit / 2222127
The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a combined tillage machines
 Plow-cultivator and its working body / 2222126
 Method and apparatus for erosion-preventive autumn tillage of soil / 2244391
Method involves shallow plowing, deep basic tillage and surface tillage (cultivation) of soil by cutting furrows; after harvesting of cereals, performing simultaneously shallow plowing, surface tillage of soil to depth of up to 16 cm, crushing of soil lumps, compacting, leveling and mulching of soil top layer; in September, providing deep tillage of soil on fields arranged on slopes with gradient exceeding 5 deg while forming vertical slits to depth of 40 cm and inclined slits; simultaneously with slitting procedure, forming water-accumulating vessels, holes and intermittent furrows. Apparatus has hitch, carrier wheels, bearing system and replaceable working tools in the form of disk batteries, flat narrow hoes, rippers with chisel, ring-and-serrated roller, and leveling drum. Blades of leveling drum are arranged at an angle α=30 deg relative to drum axis.
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Usage: agriculture and agricultural engineering. The device can be used in the cultivation of melons, mainly watermelon on light and susceptible to wind and water erosion of soils. The inventive method provides for tillage, seeding with cutting guide grooves, inter-row tillage and harvesting of fruits. After laying of the pipe in the rows when performing inter-row soil in rows on the scourge apply a thin spray of micro - and macronutrients, for example, from a solution of a natural mineral bischofite, the rate of 0,2-0,5 l per 1 kg of mass of vegetative shoots. The unit contains a hinged front and rear support frame of the tractor cross-section bars with wheels, plutocratic, left and right hand pastoriusa legs, guided working bodies and asociada corps. The unit is equipped with containers for bischofite solution driven pump and booms with nozzles. Rod is equipped with actuators angular oscillation frequency. Rod placed on the rear transverse beam parallel to the direction of motion and above the rows of whips. 2 S. p. f-crystals, 1 Il., 1 PL.
The invention relates to the rural economy is modestino watermelon light, exposed to wind and water erosion of soils.
A device for processing rows containing the frame and mounted therein are offset in the depth of the two pairs of legs dumps, the first of which is located above the second, and dumps the first pair of legs is inclined from the rows and the second rows, in which, with the aim of improving the processing, it is provided behind the second pair of legs cutter for soil depth equal to the depth of processing of the first pair of legs (SU inventor's certificate No. 948307. M CL3A 01 IN 39/18, A 01 IN 49/02. Declared 05.08.80; Publ. 07.02.82. No. 29).
The disadvantages of this device include limited functionality and poor quality of soil in between rows. Considering the design and running of its technological process applied for the cultivation of melons in the South of Russia it should be noted that the weeds in the rows are not destroyed, and the scourge damaged. For the destruction of weeds in between rows is first necessary to remove the scourge of melons.
A device for weeding, containing mounted on the frame by means of the drive shaft and located at an angle to each other working bodies is of raising the quality of weeding, the device has mounted on the frame and spring-loaded in relation to the rollers, and each of the working bodies made in the form of pivotally associated with the shaft and spring-loaded with respect to his disc, and the discs are placed between the rollers to interact with them; a hinge connecting the drive shaft, are spherical; fluted surface of each disk is made of elastic material (SU inventor's certificate No. 1545361 A1 M CL5AND 01 IN 39/18. Declared 16.12.88; Publ. 30.09.90. No. 36).
The disadvantages of this device include low technological reliability of the removal of weeds in the rows of melons and mechanical damage to the lashes.
It is also known a device for thinning seedlings of sugar beet, each section of which includes a rotary working tool for weed germination and loosening working bodies for inter-row processing, equipped with protective guards, in which, in order to better soil in rows and between rows, protective shields loosening of the working bodies are curved in the direction of the cutting blade oval flanges, and for loosening the working bodies of the installed spring harrow (SU inventor's certificate No. 380258. M a 01 CL In 41/04, And hoewyk cultures. Sow the seeds at once with great mutual destruction. In each socket sow 2-3 seeds.
Known Platycladi, including wedge-shaped body with converging side walls, in which, in order to reduce Scrivania lashes and soil, the sidewall is made in the form of chain-finger contours covering the drive sprocket, and the body is equipped with controversial-feeler wheel, the axis of which is associated with the specified asterisks (SU inventor's certificate No. 441003. Declared 18.01.73; Publ. 30.08.74. No. 32).
The disadvantages of this Platycladi include low efficiency of removal from the rows of whips in the rows of melons.
Known also working body of Platycladi, including platebody and leader, wing-shaped inclined located gutters with the inner surface facing the row of plants, in which, to prevent damage to the lashes clods of soil, platebody made in the form of poluchasa with bent-down end, and the sender is in the form of a vertically positioned half, paired by forming vertical walls (SU inventor's certificate No. 528897 M CL2AND 01 IN 13/04 WAS INVESTIGATED, AND 01 IN 39/26. Declared 03.04.75; Publ. 25.09.76. No. 35).
The disadvantages of this Platycladi que to care for the plants in the rows, containing P-frame in the form of hollow tubes, which are placed in the rotary shafts mounted on their ends of the working bodies, in which, with the aim of improving the quality of care of plants and sustainability of the progress of the unit when working on slopes, the instrument is equipped with a feed body in the form of a rotary thrower, which is installed before working bodies at the side of them and has a horizontal axis of rotation coincident with the direction of movement, and the working bodies are made in the form of covering discs, which are telescopically connected with the rotary shaft and is spring-loaded against them, and in front of the coverers set of skis (SU, copyright certificate №652922. M CL2AND 13/02 01, AND 01 IN 15/20, AND 01 IN 13/04 WAS INVESTIGATED. Declared 10.10.77; Publ. 25.03.79. No. 11).
Considering this gun as a working body for removal of lashes melons from the rows, it should be noted that large mechanical damage to the lashes are applied first of all blades rotary thrower.
The closest analogue in terms of technology of cultivation of melons is a method including pre-sowing tillage, seeding with cutting guide grooves, inter-row tillage and harvesting of fruits, which according to the invention e.g. the new walls continue whilst cultivating, and furrow use as a guide when mechanical harvesting of fruits (RU, patent No. 2121254 C1. IPC6AND 01 IN 79/02, 49/06. Declared 10.12.96; Publ. 10.11.98).
The disadvantages of this technology, which we use as naiblizhajshee analogue, should include that in the cultivation of plants melons are not subjected to foliar feeding macro - and microelements. The results of the research showed that the latter have a significant impact on crop quality and nutritional value of watermelon, melon, pumpkin.
A device for the treatment of crops of melons, including hinged at the front and rear support frame of the tractor cross-section bars with wheels, plutocratic, left and right hand pastoriusa legs, guided working bodies and asociada housing (see the book Century. And. Malyukov. Mechanization of horticulture. - Volgograd: Bottom-Volzhsk. kN. publishing house, 1982. - 184 S. - S. 41-63, Fig.13). This device we have made as naiblizhajshee equivalent.
The disadvantages of this unit include limited functionality. He is not suited for the plants melons macro - and micronutrients when carrying out treatments.
Technical problem - increasing aceski result - improving the productivity and quality of fruits.
The invention consists in that in the method, including pre-sowing tillage, seeding with cutting guide grooves, inter-row tillage and harvesting of fruits, according to the invention after installation of the pipe in the rows when performing inter-row soil in between rows of them apply a thin spray of micro - and macronutrients, for example from a solution of a natural mineral bischofite a rate of 0.2-0.5 l per 1 kg of body weight of vegetative shoots.
Unit for implementing the method that contains the label on the front and the rear support frame of the tractor cross-section bars with wheels, plutocratic, left and right hand pastoriusa legs, guided working bodies and asociada corps, according to the invention the unit is equipped with tanks for solution of bischofite, drive pump, equipped with actuators angular swings the weights placed on the rear transverse beam parallel to the direction of movement of the unit and above the rows of whips.
The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which schematically presents the unit for foliar feeding melons, type in the plan.
The method of cultivation of melons, mainly watermelon, implementing CVI, aimed at mechanical removal of weeds and preserve soil moisture in the root zone of the horizon. Seeding is done by cutting one or two of the guide grooves. Thanks to the guide furrows perform inter-row tillage with minimum dimensions of protective zones. These furrows perform selective harvesting of the fruit.
After laying of the pipe in rows 1 wide strips b1when performing inter-row 2 soil in between rows wide on scourge 3 apply a thin spray of micro - and macronutrients, for example from a solution of a natural mineral bischofite norm 0,20 0,50...l per 1 kg of body weight of vegetative shoots.
After application of bischofite solution on the leaves and shoots of watermelon, scourge 3 plutocratical laid out in aisle 2. Selective harvesting watermelons carried out using the guide furrow.
The unit for the cultivation of melons includes hinged at the front and rear hinge 4 and 5 of the tractor 6 cross-section bars 7 and 8 with the supporting wheels 9. On Board 7 mounted Platycladi 10 for pickup lashes 3 in row 1. On the beams 8 are mounted left and right hand pastoriusa legs 11 and 12, guided working bodies 13 and asociada km angular oscillation rods 18 and 19, 20 and 21 with nozzles 22 for the fine spray of bischofite. Rod 19-21 placed on the rear transverse beam 8 parallel to the direction of movement of the unit and above the rows 1, 3 whips.
The actuator angular oscillations 16 contains a crank 23 on the axis 24 of the supporting wheels 9, the blocks 25 and 26 for changing the direction of movement of the rope 27 and the elastic element 28 in the form of a tension spring and a tensioning device 29.
Tanks 15 and 16 are mutually connected by a sleeve 30. The sleeve 31 is hydraulically through the valve 32 connects the tank 16 by pump 17. Rod 19-21 pump 17 is connected by a flexible sleeve 33.
Rod 19-21 on the beams 8 are mounted by means of bearings. Each rod 19 (20, 21) has a crank, by which is kinematically connected with the rope 27. Each rod 19 posted three nozzle 22.
The nozzles 22 on the rod 19 (20, 21) mounted with a mutual angular displacement and direction of movement. The angular offset of the nozzles 22 from the vertical plane performed within the 30 . The actuator angular oscillations 18 helps to change the positions of the nozzles 22 on the corner15from the original position.
Unit for cultivation behaveslike scourge 3 from row 2 to row 1 on a strip of width b1. If the pump 17 bischofite solution from the tanks 15 and 16 through the valve 32 by a flexible sleeve 31 and 33 is provided on the cavity of the rods 19, 20, 21. When translational movement of the Assembly axis 24 of the rotating anvil wheel 9 is driven crank mechanism 23 18. Rotation of the crank 23 causes stretching or weakening of the rope 27. The blocks 25 and 26 change the direction of movement and position of the rope 27 so that the lead in the rocking position of the rods 19, 20 and 21.
When turning the crank 23 of the rod 19, 20, 21 change their angular position. Each dispenser 22 changes its position to the horizon in the transverse vertical plane. Concretely bischofite torch is directed at different angles to the surface of the strip b1from row 1 and to the shoots and whips 3 watermelons. Particles of bischofite solution in the form of a mist plants of watermelon is washed on all sides with a minimum flow rate of the working fluid. Applied micro - and macronutrients bischofite first stick, and then absorbed by the cells lashes watermelons. The content of macro - and micronutrients in solution bischofite in the table. As shown, the rate of bischofite solution density of 1.2 to 1.4 t/m3in the range of 0.2...0.5 l/kg vegetative poei consumption rate of less than 0.2 l/kg shoots covered only the leaf surface. With a consumption rate of more than 0.5 l/kg shoots 70...80% solution is applied to the surface of the row of plants. However, due to the aridity of the climate bischofite is not supplied to the roots of watermelon. Foliar treatment of shoots watermelons provides a stable yield increase by 18-27% when the size of the fruit more than 18 see Taste the fruits are estimated 4,6-5,0 points.
Thus described the essential features in terms of method and the technical means for its implementation ensure the achievement of the above technical result.
Claims 1. The method of cultivation of melons, including pre-sowing tillage, seeding with cutting guide grooves, inter-row tillage and harvesting of fruits, characterized in that after the laying of the pipe in the rows when performing inter-row soil in rows on the scourge apply a thin spray of micro - and macronutrients, for example, from a solution of a natural mineral bischofite, the rate of 0,2-0,5 l per 1 kg of mass of vegetative shoots. 2. The unit for the cultivation of melons, containing hinged at the front and rear support frame of the tractor transverse beams with the reference number of the e building, characterized in that the unit is equipped with tanks for solution of bischofite, drive pump with actuator angular swings and bars with nozzles placed on the rear transverse beam parallel to the direction of motion and above the rows of whips.
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