Accumulation of moisture in the soil in the cultivation of winter wheat under irrigation and device for its implementation |
|
IPC classes for russian patent Accumulation of moisture in the soil in the cultivation of winter wheat under irrigation and device for its implementation (RU 2172577):
        
 Method of reclamation of contaminated land / 2171874
The invention relates to methods for the elimination of pollution production wells on the territory of developed oil and gas fields, restoration of disturbed lands in the aftermath of the damage and failure of pipelines
 The method of overseeding grasses in the sward on slope lands / 2168294
The invention relates to agriculture, particularly the cultivation of, and may find application in the improvement of hayfields and pastures
 The method of preservation of soil moisture in the soil and tillage tool / 2167508
The invention relates to agriculture and the agricultural industry, in particular in the preparation of the soil to erosion-prone areas of energy-saving technologies of cultivation of agricultural crops
 The method of processing soil / 2164732
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of soil to prepare it for seeding and tillage implements for tillage of soil
 The method of application of chemicals with irrigation water / 2164731
The invention relates to the field of mechanization of agriculture and can be used for multi-purpose use of discrete irrigation systems for mineral fertilizers, micronutrients, herbicides and other pesticides soil action
 Method mulch tillage / 2164060
 The method of cultivation of cotton / 2161393
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, particularly crop production, and may find application in the cultivation of cotton in the zone of unstable temperature regime /North Caucasus/
 The way to create licorice plantations / 2160982
The invention relates to agriculture, in particular when creating licorice plantations on sandy and obstructing soils, as well as the creation of agricultural land with a powerful vegetation around industrial enterprises associated with chemical, etc
 Multihull plow-cultivator / 2171557
The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to soil cultivating implements and sowing machines having sectional suspension working bodies
 A device for removing non-tradable parts of licorice roots / 2168881
The invention relates to the agricultural industry, in particular to a device for the preparation of arrays with natural (wild) thickets of licorice in the commercial production of the root mass as a source of raw materials for several industries (chemical, pharmaceutical, food, confectionery, tobacco, perfume and other)
 Combined cultivator / 2167507
The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely, machines for surface and deep subsurface soil
 Tillage tool / 2167506
The invention relates to agriculture and forestry, in particular to instruments for soil for the creation of forest and agricultural crops and device for fire mineralized strips in wet soil
 Universal cultivator / 2165133
The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely, machines for surface and deep subsurface soil
 Combined tillage machine / 2161390
The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely, machines for soil cultivation, and can be applied in the subsurface tillage
 Combined tillage machine / 2161389
 Combination tillage tool / 2161388
The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a combined agricultural tillage tools
 Integrated tillage unit for layered soil / 2160518
The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to instruments and working bodies for soil tillage
 Method of reclamation of soil in the extraction of licorice raw materials for natural thickets licorice flood plain or steppe ecotype and device for its implementation / 2156556
The invention relates to agriculture and agricultural engineering, and in particular to methods of struggle against water, wind and solar soil erosion and productivity licorice flood plain or steppe ecotype in natural Bush and licorice on the long-term plantations
The method of preservation of soil moisture in the soil and tillage tool / 2167508
The invention relates to agriculture and the agricultural industry, in particular in the preparation of the soil to erosion-prone areas of energy-saving technologies of cultivation of agricultural crops
|
(57) Abstract: The invention is intended for cultivation of winter wheat under irrigation and can be used in agriculture. The method involves mulch litter predecessor and applied organic fertilizers, plowing with a complete revolution of the formation and cultivation of arable and subsoil layers. After peeling stubble predecessor spend way loosening subsoil loosening of 0.3 - 0.4 m Simultaneously with the plowing form the inclined water-absorbing gaps filling in the last of plant and root residues and applied organic fertilizers. The upper ridge filler is placed on 3 - 5 cm below the depth of seeding winter wheat. A tool for soil includes a frame on which is fixed a support wheel with a screw mechanism, a plow body and at an angle to the direction of movement of the rails with the shares on the bottom edge. Guides are positioned behind each case. Each rail has a circular rack on the frame of the plow posted with the possibility of reinstalling and changing the position of the altitude and direction of movement. Guide made by field Obernai in 1/4 - 1/3 times smaller than the width of the plough body. Such technology and design implementation will reduce irrigations during the growing season of plants and to maintain soil fertility. 2 S. p. f-crystals, 10 ill. The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the technology of cultivation of winter wheat, mostly under irrigation. The known method of combating soil erosion on the slopes, including loosening the soil across the slope with the formation of cracks and nadgorny ridges, in order to decrease the possibility of flushing the soil by increasing the absorption capacity of the slit part Nagornogo ridge move up the slope with education in areas of excavation of soil from the crest of the drainage channel. It is also known a device for combating soil erosion on the slopes, including a frame and loosening of the teeth, in order to decrease the possibility of flushing the soil by increasing the absorptivity of the slit device has installed behind and between loosening teeth pivotally mounted on the frame scrapers, upper ends in contact with the drive screw surface, which on its front side a radial slot (SU, AU implementation //L, Pbryan. Declared 10.07.1981 published 30.03.1985). A disadvantage of the known method and device is increased soil washout due to the fact that flowing water, meeting with mountainous ridge, partially absorbed in him, and the remainder flows down along the ridge in low places, where it accumulates and breaks through the ridge. This leads to an avalanche processes and the formation of new drains along the slopes. Also known the way of crafts vertical absorption slots with simultaneous application of the organic filler and the device for its implementation, with the aim of increasing absorptivity of cracks and increase the service life of the device is provided with a mechanism for intermittent movement of the endless element, the guide bar is made of two interconnected in the vertical part thereof by horizontally arranged across the direction of movement of the hinge parts and provided a focus for interaction with the set of infinite element emphasis (SU, author's certificate N 1134123, IPC4A 01 13/16 IN. Device for cutting water-absorbing slits with simultaneous application of the organic filler// B. G. Gordienko, A. A. Kozhukhov. Sayomi, formed by the forked fingers vary in size, density, mass, material and orientation of the separate components (stems), which leads to lower absorptive capacity gaps and to its rapid silting. In addition to the above object, a device for cutting water-absorbing slits simultaneously making straw, comprising a frame mounted on it with silerton, longitudinal and two transverse conveyors with side walls and their drive to improve the quality of the filling cracks straw supplied disposed between the sidewalls of the additional conveyors, each of which is kinematically connected with a cross conveyor, the length of one additional conveyor is greater than the length of the other, and transverse conveyors installed at an angle to the direction of movement of the device (SU, author's certificate N 1143320, IPC4A 01 13/16 IN. Device for cutting water-absorbing slits simultaneously making straw // Suhomlinov R., Declared 14.12.1983 published 07.03.1985). The described device does not provide a complete and uniform filling of the water-absorbing slits straw, as its non-uniform flow into the space between the sidewalls arise large friction force, preventing high-quality filling cracks with straw. The closest analogue in part of the way in the cultivation of winter wheat in irrigated agriculture is the way of the accumulation of moisture employed in pairs, including mulch straw of grain crops, which wintered grown green manure culture upset after 5-7 days after the start phase of budding at the height of 18-22 cm, shredded biomass is left on the soil surface, and during the lowering of the average daily temperatures up to 4-5oC newly grown stubble-manure crop is chopped and plowed, and when the freezing of the soil to a depth of 8-10 cm hold meleanie soil to a depth of 40-45 cm (RU, patent N 2132602, IPC6AND 01 IN 79/02. C1. Accumulation of moisture in the engaged pairs // Berezin A. M., Bryukhanov centuries, sped A. A., Black, A. A. Stated 21.05.1998 published 10.07.1999). Zapaska manure crop to a depth of 25-27 cm leads to the fact that the mulch layer is placed on the bottom of the plow sole. Straw at the bottom of the plow sole, which is water-proof screen, helps to drain accumulated moisture in local, regional, and relief depressions. Of agricultural receive meleanie soil to a depth of 40-45 scvi after plowing has ridges with step 35 see The height of the ridges 10-15 see the Movement of the tractor with mounted without bringing raw soil SN-2 - 140 is only possible across tillage. Working speed of motion of the aggregate does not exceed 1,8-2,0 km/h due to the unevenness of the field and freezing the top layer of the soil silerton cut floating slit. Cut thus cracks only work for a short period: the accumulation of moisture during the winter-spring period. The closest device to implement the below described method is a tool for conservation tillage on slopes, including a frame on which is fixed plow body, and set before him the cutter with protective cover, in order to better protect the soil from water erosion on the slopes of the protective cover supplied with set at an angle one relative to the other guides on the lower edges of which are secured plowshares, and their rear ends have a gap, and the top of the angle between the guide is placed in the gap between the plow body; one of the guides has a pivotally mounted wing with a mechanism for regulating the angle of rotation (SU, author's certificate N 1066472 And IPC3AND 01 IN 49/02. A tool for conservation tillage on rush large energy consumption and local zapaska vegetable and crop residues on the bottom of the plow ditch. The step between the crests of crop residues on the bottom of the trench equal to the width described plough. The presence of a cutter on the frame of the plow requires strengthening frame construction, design complexity guns and significantly increases its mass. The invention consists in the following. Task to be solved by the claimed invention is directed, is to improve the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. The effect and the technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention, are expressed in reduced irrigation rates during the period of plant vegetation, surface runoff and washing away topsoil, reducing coleoptere supports multisupport sprinkling machines and loss of harvest for grain, maintaining soil fertility and increasing life support plant winter wheat in the autumn-winter period. The effect and the technical result in the implementation of the invention are achieved by the fact that in the known method the accumulation of moisture in the soil in the cultivation of winter wheat under irrigation, including mulch litter predecessor and applied organic fertilizers, plowing with a complete turnover of the stratum of the Terni and aerial parts predecessor spend loosening subsoil horizon below the plow sole by 0.10 0.18 m...increments between zones loosening of 0.3... 0.4 m, while plowing form the inclined water-absorbing gaps filling in the last of plant and root residues and applied organic fertilizers at the top of the ridge filler is placed on 3...5 cm below the depth of seeding winter wheat. For the implementation of this method provided by the instrument for soil comprising a frame on which is fixed plow body and at an angle to the direction of movement of the guide with shingles on the bottom edge, which in contrast to the known device, the number of guides is equal to the number of housings, guides posted for each case, each guide has a circular rack and placed on the frame of the plow with the possibility of reinstalling and changing the position of the altitude and direction of movement, thus directing step performed by a field gun, and borozdna edge has a bevel cut, a smaller part of the lower level is made with a width of 1/4...1/3 times smaller than the width of the plough body. Spent an analysis of the level of technology (methods and techniques, including searching by the patent and scientific and technical information sources and detection of history the external analog (as in part of the way, and device for implementing the method), characterized by signs, identical to all the essential features of the claimed invention. Proposed closest analogues for the method and the device allowed to identify a set of essential towards perceived by the applicants technical result of the distinctive features in the claimed method and device for implementing the method set forth in the claims. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "novelty" by applicable law. To verify compliance of the claimed invention to the requirement of inventive step, the applicants conducted an additional search of the known methods and technical solutions in order to identify characteristics that match the distinctive features from the nearest similar features of the claimed invention. The test results show that the claimed invention should not be for the specialist explicitly known level of technology and technique, as in the prior art, in particular, the claimed invention does not provide a known transformation. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "SS="ptx2">In Fig. 1 presents a cross-section of the topsoil and subsoil horizon after harvesting predecessor or grinding her straw mass. In Fig. 2 - the same, after peeling stubble, aerial parts and plant residues. In Fig. 3 - profile of the topsoil and subsoil horizon band after loosening to a total depth of 0.4 - 0.45 m increments between nerazrushennymi areas of 0.3 - 0.4 m In Fig. 4 - profile of the last furrow in the basic processing of soil - formation of the inclined water-absorbing gap and filling plant mass and organic fertilizers. In Fig. 5 - surface profile fields, arable layer with inclined water-absorbing cracks and subsurface horizon with a soft stripes. In Fig. 6 is a cross section of track under one of the pillars of the sprinkler when the conduct of the irrigation season. In Fig.7 - irrigated field and the track from the supporting trucks multisupport sprinkler circular steps. In Fig. 8 is schematically shown mounted plough for primary tillage with devices for crafts inclined water-absorbing slits, type in the plan. In Fig. 9 - same view on the left. As a precursor can be used long-fallow alfalfa (clover) or annual forage crop, which at the end of may - first week of June was harvested as forage. After cleaning predecessor for any given productivity contribute after refinement on the basis of chemical analysis of soil double superphosphate and potash fertilizers. Granulated superphosphate and potassium salt contribute superficially machines for fertilizer (RMG-4, STN-4.2 and others). Next (see Fig. 1 and 2) conduct shallow plowing 1 predecessor and the incorporation of plant residues wide disk ladylike. The depth of the surface treatment of the top layer 2 (Fig. 2) is 8...10 see After that make a previously unused cereal straw. To do this, use manure spreading ROWE-6. Then for each hectare contribute 40...60 tons of organic fertilizers. Then proceed to the execution of the second processing operations on the soil. After peeling crop residues and stubble, the aerial parts predecessor, straw and organic fertilizers spend loosening subsoil horizon below the plow sole by 0.10 0.18 m...increments between zones p the new knife, the skimmers and the housing. To place buildings set flat rack with bits on the lower parts. The thickness of the struts - 14 mm Depth bits - 0,45 0,4...m the Step placement of racks - 0,35 m When moving converted arable unit shall loosening described racks arable layer 3 and subsurface soil horizon 4. Position flat racks Ripper determines the step t (Fig. 3) between zones loosening (0,3; 0,35; 0.4 m). This leads to the fact that the plow sole 5 at a depth of 0.25 0.27 m...loosened narrow strip 6 width greater than the width of the flat rack Ripper (see Fig. 2 and 3). While plowing form the inclined water-absorbing slit 7 with filling the latter and vegetable root residues and applied organic fertilizers as filler 8. This is achieved by the fact that after each open layer (see Fig. 4 and 5) on its inclined surface of the stack layer of crop residues, last straw and made of organic fertilizers. A filler 8 in cross section have the form of oblique triangle with the apex oriented upwards. Base oblique triangle placed either above the plow sole (Fig. 5) or above the tillage area 6 or other com3/ha due to water recharge irrigation of the upper layer 9 (see Fig. 5) increases its relative humidity to 20. ..24%. The presence of a large number of positive temperature and the optimum moisture content leads to the fact that after 3...4 days thermophilic and other weeds intensively germinate. Across tillage, first conduct a harrowing average Zubov harrows 3 BSSS to 1.0, in two tracks. Then in the same direction by the cultivation Lancet paws steam cultivators CPS-4,0 (CSR 4) and boron BSS-1.0 in one track. The depth of cultivation should not exceed 6-8 see Almost before sowing the field surface is ready to perform this farming technique. However, in the summer, fall in the Lower Volga region although infrequent, but heavy rains. For the destruction of the formed soil crust spend additional cultivation, which destroyed many years soboliferous weeds. Due to the fact that the upper ridge filler 8 in the inclined water-absorbing slit 7 is placed on 3...5 cm below the depth of cultivation (bed for seeding winter wheat), an excessive amount of moisture is directed into the cavity of the slits 7 and through the zones of loosening the 6 - in Podiatry horizon 4. Thus the aces moisture. A filler 8 in each of the inclined slit 7 distributes natural and artificial precipitation not only in the arable layer 3, but also in the lower layers and in the subsurface horizon 4. As a rule, in conditions of Lower Volga in July and August precipitation is minimal and for the growth of winter wheat seeds is not enough. For this reason, conduct on the field before sowing winter irrigation with normal 200. ..250 m3/ha Under irrigation multisupport by sprinkling front or circular steps (see Fig. 6 and 7) remains track 10 depth 2. . .3 cm, which does not prevent seeding. During this period, and due polium soil in the arable layer 3 acquires the desired density. Sowing is carried out at the end of August and in early September, grain drills Sz-3.6V unit only with crawler tractors of class traction 3. The seeding rate...4,0 3,5 million units per ha After sowing spend poslepoletnoi rolling using ring-heel rollers 3 KCS-6A. Sufficient soil moisture, mineral nutrition and positive temperatures leads to the fact that on 5...6 day shoots appear above the ground. Begins intensive growth of the aerial parts of the plant and root mass. With a powerful short film the global temperature. This is facilitated by the inclined slots 7 filled with filler 8. In the early spring spend the first vegetation watering with a rate of 200...300 m3/ha and fractionally make nitrogen fertilizer. In earing perform foliar fertilization with irrigation water trace elements and nitrogen fertilizer (urea or HCS). After flowering carry out a final vegetation irrigation with normal 400...440 m3/ha. Slanted slit 7 with all the fillers 8 provide access to irrigation water in arable layer 3 and the subsurface horizon 4. In the direction of water flow through natural gravity develops the main root mass along with skeletal and sucking roots. The roots of winter wheat are distributed not only in the upper layer. They reach plough pans 5 and through the zones of loosening 6 penetrate into the subsurface horizon 4, providing each plant with mineral nutrients. When watering sprinkler excess neverauskas moisture through inclined slots 7 and small step 0,3...0,4 m between them is absorbed by the soil, filling the cavity of the slits 7 and penetrating the zone of cultivation 6. Thus, the described method of the accumulation of moisture in the soil in the cultivation of winter wheat in pela) due to the provocative and preplant (recharge) irrigation interception of storm precipitation and their uniform distribution in the topsoil, the accumulation of moisture during the summer / autumn period and vegetation irrigation with reduced standards provides intensive development of plants even in astrotheology years with high temperatures of the soil and the air and the winds. The presence of inclined slots 7 eliminates the avalanche-like character education channels supports sprinkling machines. Minor track under them does not preclude the cutting of the stems of winter wheat in rolls mounted roller cutters INS-6 in Assembly with harvesters, as well as the selection and threshing grain mass combine harvesters families "don", "Yenisei", "Cedar", etc. For crafts inclined gaps and filling them with vegetable filler 8 is provided with a tool for soil (see Fig. 8 and 9). The instrument includes a frame 11 on which is fixed plow body 2 and at an angle to the direction of movement of the guide 13 with the blade 14 on the bottom edge 15. On the frame 11 posted by support wheel 16 with a screw mechanism 17 and the suspension 18. Suspension 18 includes brackets with pins for connecting rods hinged system tractors-class traction 3 and 4. The number of rails 13 is equal to h is placed on the frame 11 of the plow with the possibility of reinstalling and changing the position in height and to the direction of movement. Guide 13 is stepped from field edge 20. Borozdna edge 21 has an oblique slice. The lower part 22 of the lower step is performed with a width of 1/4. . .1/3 times smaller than the width of the plough body. The rack 19 of the guides 13 on the frame 11 is fixed by means of detachable brackets 23. The tool works as follows. The plow standard, according to the instructions, and prepare to work. With the frame 11 of the plow disassemble knife and skimmers. On the frame 11 by means of brackets 23 are fixed round the rack 19 of the guides 13. Position rack 19 on the frame 11 of the plow specify in the field, and depending on the amount of plant residues - specify the angle of setting of the guides 13 to the direction of movement. Support wheel 16 set the depth of plowing, and change the pitch of the rack 19 to form an inclined slit 7. When driving an arable unit at a given speed, the first casing 12 a layer of soil turns around and laid on the previous. Mounted on the Cabinet 12 guide 13 your plowshare 14 cuts off the loosened soil with straw, organic matter and crop residues. All this mass of first guide is shifted to the side of the Noah's surface rises and falls borozdna edge 21 on the surface of the previously rolled away layer 25 (see Fig. 4). When this occurs, the deformation of the right inclined walls of the slots 7 and its unhindered filling vegetable filler 8. Upon further movement of the second housing 12 in the direction of travel of the plow cuts a clean, i.e. without crop residues in the old cultivated layer and puts it on the filler 8, sheltering him, and simultaneously forming the second inclined wall. Thus, due to the fact that the lower part 22 of the lower-stage guide rail 13 has a width of 1/4...1/3 times smaller than the width of the housing 12 (front or going back), ensures compliance with inclined slots of a given configuration with all consistently perform farming operations. Crop residues, fertilizers and organics together with the accumulated moisture contribute to the decomposition of organic substances. As the latter were shifted together with the soil from the surface of the field, the seeds of weeds are destroyed by biological and cavities cracks are soil-forming processes aimed at restoring soil fertility. Slanted slit 7 together with fillers 8 are stores of nutrients and promote intensive root formation. The roots of plants - winter is the ORM. The claimed method of the accumulation of moisture in the soil in the cultivation of winter wheat under irrigation in the example varieties jubilee 50 guarantees a yield increase from 1.5 to 2 tons of grain per hectare. The described method is successfully used in rain-fed agriculture. Thus, the above data suggest the implementation of the use of the claimed invention cumulative conditions: the claimed method and device for its implementation are intended for use in agriculture when conducting tillage, and the tool can be used for conventional tillage; the possibility of carrying out the invention is achieved by means of known methods and tools; the proposed method of soil cultivation (hoeing and crafts inclined water-absorbing gaps) have high efficiency achieved at all stages of the life cycle of winter wheat from growing seeds, winter and finishing flowering and heading; the way of the accumulation of moisture has a positive effect on soil-forming processes, the preservation of soil fertility, except her flush and runoff of irrigation water; the technical result of the proposed tools for assiregime opportunities. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "industrial applicability" under the current law. 1. Accumulation of moisture in the soil in the cultivation of winter wheat under irrigation, including mulch litter predecessor and applied organic fertilizers, plowing with a complete revolution of the formation and cultivation of arable and subsoil layers, characterized in that after the peeling of crop residues and stubble and aerial parts predecessor spend loosening subsoil horizon below the plow sole by 0.10 - 0.18 m increments between zones loosening of 0.3 - 0.4 m, while plowing form the inclined water-absorbing gaps filling in the last of plant and root residues and applied organic fertilizers, the upper ridge filler is placed on 3 - 5 cm below the depth of seeding winter wheat. 2. A tool for soil comprising a frame on which is fixed plow body and at an angle to the direction of movement of the guide with shingles on the bottom edge, characterized in that the number of guides is equal to the number of housings, guides posted for each case, while it is the provisions in height and to the direction of movement, thus directing step performed by a field gun, and borozdna edge has a bevel cut, the lower part of the lower level is made with a width in 1/4 - 1/3 times smaller than the width of the plough body.
|
