Combined cultivator

The invention relates to agriculture and forestry, in particular to instruments for soil for the creation of forest and agricultural crops and device for fire mineralized strips in wet soil

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely, machines for surface and deep subsurface soil

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, namely, machines for soil cultivation, and can be applied in the subsurface tillage

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a combined agricultural tillage tools

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to instruments and working bodies for soil tillage

The invention relates to agriculture and agricultural engineering, and in particular to methods of struggle against water, wind and solar soil erosion and productivity licorice flood plain or steppe ecotype in natural Bush and licorice on the long-term plantations

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to instruments for subsurface soil

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the working bodies for soil

Method involves shallow plowing, deep basic tillage and surface tillage (cultivation) of soil by cutting furrows; after harvesting of cereals, performing simultaneously shallow plowing, surface tillage of soil to depth of up to 16 cm, crushing of soil lumps, compacting, leveling and mulching of soil top layer; in September, providing deep tillage of soil on fields arranged on slopes with gradient exceeding 5 deg while forming vertical slits to depth of 40 cm and inclined slits; simultaneously with slitting procedure, forming water-accumulating vessels, holes and intermittent furrows. Apparatus has hitch, carrier wheels, bearing system and replaceable working tools in the form of disk batteries, flat narrow hoes, rippers with chisel, ring-and-serrated roller, and leveling drum. Blades of leveling drum are arranged at an angle α=30 deg relative to drum axis.

Method involves deep mellowing, disking and rotavation of surface layer by combining local deep mellowing of soil to 25-32 cm depth and disking by semi-helical mellowing by means of out-of-phase spherical half-disks of intermediate mid layer disposed at 14-32 cm depth and rotavation of upper layer by means of L-shaped knives to 8-12 cm depth, said processes being effectuated in single cycle. Disking is provided by shifting of layer under process at an angle of attack in direction opposite to direction of backward motion of unit by means of one "from the right to the left" type half disk and backward motion by means of other "from the left to the right" type half disk from mid portion of full width of paired half disks. Deep mellowing is provided along longitudinal axis of symmetry of tractor in front of one pair of paired half disks, which is united with L-shaped cutter knives, and along passage tracks of tractor propeller before batteries of two pairs of paired out-of-phase half disks.

Combined tillage tool has frame equipped with transport and carrier wheels and composed of central and side sections connected with one another through mechanism providing transfer from operating position to transport position and vice versa. Working tools are mounted in succession on frame, said tools are A-hoes, paired disk-type levelers and spiral-rod multithread paired front and rear rollers. Front rollers are pivotally connected with frame central and side sections for adjustment of their position in vertical plane. Rear rollers are pivotally connected with front roller bars and spring-loaded. Combined tool of such construction allows soil to be prepared for sowing of cereal crops.

Method involves mowing and grinding licorice vegetative buds and accompanying plants in association of low-productivity licorice undergrowth by means of haying machines to produce cuttings; while mowing, uniformly distributing ground mass over surface of mown strip; providing marker lines and placing planting material in narrow strips at predetermined spacing, with high-quality cuttings of 4-5 years licorice rootages of 12-18 mm diameter and 18-25 cm length being used as planting material; mellowing strips and cutting inclined slits by means of tillage tool; during advancement of machine, moving planting material into inclined slits; simultaneously with planting of cuttings, providing grooves for receiving of mineral fertilizer in surface of inclined wall of slit by means of slitter tine equipped with tiered cutters made in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds; placing nitrogenous fertilizer at norm of 0.2-0.6 kg/running meter in upper tier and phosphorous fertilizer at norm of 1.3-1.8 kg/running meter in middle tier; introducing into lower layer potash fertilizer at norm of 0.8-1.6 kg/running meter for development of plants at second and third years of life; after introducing of mineral fertilizer and placing of cuttings, compacting mellowed strips above inclined slits by means of ring-lug roller sections. Nozzle of pneumatic pipeline is arranged above each cutter. Each pneumatic pipeline is individually connected with seeding unit for withdrawal from fertilizer box of nitrogenous, phosphorous or potash fertilizer. Seeding units are kinematically connected with supporting wheel. Each pneumatic pipeline of tine-cutter is connected with pressure cavity of high-pressure fan equipped with hydraulic drive.

Tillage machine has frame, rake-type grid adapted for distributing straw over field in windrow spacings. Supporting-driving roller is arranged behind rake-type grid and is adapted for cutting part of straw by means of spines and for deepening cut straw into soil to plowing depth. Upon exit from under roller, straw is ground and mixed with soil. Rotavation drum knives provide for mellowing of soil behind roller. During operation with wet soil, roller spines and rotavation drum knives are mutually cleaned since said knives are positioned between said spines. Roller spines are made in the form of triangles whose one side is oriented in radial direction and other side is extending tangentially to roller circumference.

Tillage tool has frame, share, tiered rotavation drums disposed behind share and equipped with knives, drive mechanism made in the form of reducer and adapted for driving of rotavation drums, and seeding unit. Lower part of reducer is deepened into soil together with rotavation drums, which are adapted for rotation in opposite directions. Rotavation drums are arranged in spaced relation with respect to one another, rotate at equal angular speeds and have unequal diameters, with total value of diameters exceeding thickness of soil layer under tillage process. Share is positioned in front of rotavation drums and is deepened to depth equal to half the thickness of soil layer under tillage process. Gas distributing device disposed immediately behind share is connected through filter with exhaust pipe of tractor engine. Ratio of rotavation drum diameters, distance between axes of rotation of rotavation drums and angular offset are set in accordance with respective dependence.

Method involves compacting soil and imparting rough surface thereto during licorice postharvest period; cutting into agronomically valuable fractions of large lumps and soil aggregates while continuously advancing on strip surface and on slopes in the vicinity of ditch; moving soil therefrom into mid portion of ditch during strip soil compaction and forming groove-type drain with water-distributing slot along its axis; during extraction of licorice raw material, grinding 3-7% of root mass into 10-25 cm long pieces with one-five dormant auxiliary buds and leaving in mid portion of layer of strip to be harvested. Machine for extraction of licorice roots has frame, carrier wheels and undercutting device mounted on H-shaped bar and coupled to frame for automatic displacement into transport position. Drive members are disposed in longitudinal beams of H-shaped bar, which is additionally fixed on frame through variable length tie-rods. Machine is further equipped with toothed rotor driven from tractor. At least one of teeth located on mid portion of rotor is provided with replaceable knife, which is arranged on peripheral part of tooth, is made of inversion type and is provided with blade. Ratio of blade and rotor lengths is within the range of (0.03-0.07):1. Knife is mounted at tooth end by means of shaft and cut-off pin.

Tillage tool has hitch tongue, frame, carrier wheels, levelers, two-raw covering rollers, mechanism for turning of transport wheels, and frame folding device. Transport wheel turning mechanism has hydraulic cylinder fixed on rotary bracket with adjustable thrust and connected with wheel crank shaft. Crank shaft is coupled to double-armed lever through bar, intermediate lever and tie-rod of adjustable length. Double-armed lever is coupled to hitch tongue through bar. Frame folding device is composed of hydraulic cylinder, lever and bar of variable length. The latter is connected through elongated slot to side section of frame.

Apparatus has wheeled tractor and cultivator-hiller connected to tractor. Hiller has hitch, wheeled frame and sections provided with wheels and working tools and attached to frame. Tractor has synchronous drive for power shaft. Transmission mechanism mounted on frame is adapted for transmitting torque from power shaft to sections wheels. Transmission ratio of transmission mechanism complies with dependence w₁/w₂=d₂/d₁, where w₁ is angular velocity of tractor drive wheels; w₂ is angular velocity of sections wheels; d₁ is rolling diameter of tractor drive wheels; d₂ is rolling diameter of sections wheels. Sections wheels are equipped with blades defining double-sided angle with plane extending through blade base tangential to section wheel, and disks dividing blades into two in vertical plane. During advancement of apparatus, reactive force is applied to blades by soil in direction of advancement of apparatus, said force forming motive force on sections wheels, which is transmitted to hitch. Such construction reduces resistance of soil to advancement of apparatus owing to transverse dividing of soil by means of blades and dividing of soil along spacing by means of disk. The result is that draft of apparatus is reduced to widen capabilities of pull-type tractors of class 0.9 or lower class on combining of said tractors with sectioned cultivator-hiller.

Combined tillage tool has front and rear modules with batteries of spherical and needle-type disks longitudinally arranged in pairs on pivotal three-sectioned frames. Needle-type disks are mounted on rear module. Frame module connection is formed as pivotal spherical joint adjustable in vertical plane. Flat hoes are staggered behind spherical disks in three rows, with minimal admissible distance between disk battery and flat hoe being determined from equation: