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Reinforced earthwork structure Invention relates to construction, in particular to construction of reinforced earthwork structures. A building construction contains a facing, a filling from the back side of the facing, synthetic reinforced strips distributed in the filling, and a coupling system between the reinforced strips and the filling. The coupling system comprises fastening means in the form of a continuous closed loop. Each fastening mean has two first areas for coupling with the facing and two second areas alternate with the first areas along the length of the closed loop form, extending to the back surface of the facing, where they are bent in the opposite direction to form two loops, inside which there is at least one reinforcing strip. |
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Method of assessment of degradation degree of industrial landscape in chemical contamination Invention relates to ecology and soil science. The method of assessment of degradation degree of industrial landscape in chemical contamination provides the analytical determination of the total number of the chemical pollutant element, the quantity of chemical pollutant element being in the mobile form in soil of the industrial landscape, and, separately, geographically conjugated unpolluted landscape. A procedure of assessment of pollution of the landscape is proposed, consisting of three stages: normalisation of industrial landscape pollution and geographically conjugated unpolluted landscape; determination of the ratio of pollution standard of industrial landscape and the pollution standard of geographically conjugated unpolluted landscape; determination of the degree of degradation of industrial landscape on the ratio of pollution standards under the proposed nonlinear scale of degradation degree of industrial landscape. |
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Excavator bucket has a hinged bottom, designed as a multipiece form from flaps (3 and 4) with catches (5 and 6) and a system for a catch pulling with a traction element driven by an external drive. All flaps are pivotally attached at one end to the rear wall (2), and at the opposite end to the front wall (1) by means of the catch. The catch pulling system is designed so that the catch of one of the flaps is kinematically linked with the subsequent flap by means of the traction element (8), so that the catch pulling of the previous flap occurs after turn of the subsequent flap relatively to its hinged fastening to the rear wall. Connection with the traction element driven by an external drive is made with the catch of the last flap. |
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Device for mixing soil materials Invention relates to a device for mixing soil materials, in particular to a device for mixing additives directly with soil materials of the ground. The device comprises at least two mixing drums made with the ability to rotate around their axes of rotation which are located at a small distance from each other. Between the drums the fixing frame is located, on which the drop sleeve is fixedly mounted. At the upper end of the drop sleeve the attachment means are located for attachment to the lever for mounting the attached implement. The rotation axes of the mixing drums are inclined relative to the plane perpendicular to the vertical axis of the device, so that when the drop sleeve is in the upright position, the axes of rotation of the mixing drums are inclined downward toward the outer ends of the drums. Thus, the ends of the mixing drums, located closest to each other, are substantially closer to each other with their lower edges than with their upper edges. |
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Facility for loosening firm soils Invention relates to construction and can be used for loosening layer by layer of firm soils, as well as for removing ice and packed snow on the roads and sidewalks. A facility comprises a frame on which a shaft with teeth fixed on it is mounted in rotation supports, a shaft rotation drive, a bracket rigidly attached to the shaft with axles, on which in the rotation supports gear wheels with eccentric weights are mounted, engaging with a gear wheel mounted on the drive shaft in the rotation supports, and a gear wheel drive. The shaft rotation drive includes a gear pair, the drive wheel of which is connected to the drive shaft through the safety clutch, and the driven gear wheel is connected to the shaft with teeth fixed to it by means of an overrunning friction clutch. Engagement of the overrunning friction clutch is carried out by transmitting torsion torque from the shaft rotation drive. |
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Drainage device with screen made of angle section Invention relates to ameliorative construction and can be used during construction of drainage systems on heavy soils. A drainage device with a screen made of an angle section includes a perforated tube with an impermeable screen, designed intermittently by length, and a drainage filling from a filtering material in places of the screen break. The perforated pipe is laid on the drain pad. The screen is made of the angle section, facing upward, in this case the angle in the upper part of the screen is equal to 180°-2α, where α - angle of internal friction of the backfill soil. Material consumption of the screen is reduced, a possibility of more dense laying of the drainage backfill soil over the screen, and prevention of the perforation hole closing in the lower part of the pipe by the screen is provided. |
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Method of regulation of differential settlements of a multi-storied building with raft or piled-raft foundation includes calculation of a stress-strain state of a "base-foundation-building" system and redistribution of stiffening elements of a "foundation-building" system. Redistribution of stiffening elements of the "foundation-building" system is carried out by placing additional stiffening elements in the zone of maximum uneven settlements by height of the building with offset of mass centres and stiffness of the building towards the zone of smaller settlements. |
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Gabion retaining wall includes stones, arranged in a grid frame with hexagonal cells. The stones, filling the space of the grid frame, are artificial and previously made of concrete. A glass-cloth with lining along the perimeter is stacked between the layers of stones inside the gabion in a horizontal plane over the entire height. The artificial stones have preferably cubic or prismatic shape and may be packed in columns or with displacement in layers. Such technical solution will prevent the thrust of the gabion retaining wall and will significantly increase the height. Large effect will be achieved if the glass-cloth will be glued to the contacted layers of stones. |
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Method consists in coupling a drain line with a closed manifold, which is carried out according to the filling h of a pipe of the closed manifold below the coupling assembly to 2ddl when the estimated flow is passing. In this case the following conditions are taken into account: at h≤0,5(dcm-0,6ddl) coupling is performed end-to-end centrally, at (dcm+tdl)-(0,6ddl+dl)≥h>0,5(dcm-0,6ddl) coupling is performed end-to-end "semi-above", at dcm≥h>(dcm+tdl)-(0,6ddl+tdl) coupling is overlapped, where dcm and ddl - internal pipe diameters in the coupling assembly of the closed manifold and the joined drain line respectively, tcm and tdl - pipe thickness in the coupling assembly of the closed manifold and the joined drain line respectively. In this case the length of the joined drain line doesn't exceed its maximum allowable length. |
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Hydraulic control system utilising feed-forward control Disclosed group of inventions relates to a hydraulic control system for working machines. The hydraulic control system has a pump, a tool actuator, a tool control valve configured to control the flow of pressurised fluid fed to the tool actuator, and a controller. The controller includes a feed-forward control map which responds to the intended change in the required flow rate with the possibility of relating the tool movement request to the change in discharge flow rate of the pump, and operably connected to the tool control valve and the pump. The controller can further be configured to receive a tool movement request. The controller can further be configured to estimate changes in the required flow rate of the tool control valve associated with the tool movement request. The controller can also be configured to generate instructions for adjusting the discharge flow rate of the pump based on the intended change in the required flow rate to execute the tool movement request. Also disclosed are a method of controlling tool movement and a machine having said hydraulic system. |
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Invention relates to construction, namely to elements for reinforcement, separation and drainage of large structures, such as road embankments. A plate element for reinforcement, separation and drainage of large structures such as road embankments, comprises a plate body, which has a lattice structure with main and transverse cables, stretched along two mutually perpendicular directions. The cables are biaxially oriented with a stretch ratio in two indicated mutually perpendicular directions, which is from 2.8 to 5.5. Main cables, i.e. in a direction of a workpiece extrusion, forming the plate body, have a quadrangular cross section and thickness in the direction, passing perpendicularly to the plane of the plate body location, which is equal to at least triple thickness of the transverse cables. |
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Method of modelling horizontal thermoerosional washout of frozen soils Invention relates to industrial or civil construction, in particular to determine the stability of frozen soils, and can be used in construction of oil and gas pipelines to determine the degree of soil stability to thermoerosional washout. A method of modelling the horizontal thermoerosional washout of frozen soils includes the preliminary positioning of the soil sample in the cuvette, saturation of the soil sample with water up to the specified moisture, application of a drainage line of the certain width on the surface of the sample and freezing of the soil sample in the cuvette with the closed lid in the cooling chamber to a determined temperature for minimum one day, the cuvette placing with the prepared soil sample with the open sector under the water supply facility at an angle, depending on the specified parameters of modelling, and erosion of the soil sample by water course. The width of the drainage line, water temperature and flow of the watercourse are adjustable, in this case the measurements of direct indexes are conducted - a depth of thawing and soil erosion, water temperature, width and depth of the water flow within the selected time interval, on the basis of which the indirect parameters of thermoerosional washout are determined: intensity of washout, erosion-preventive resistance of soil, water flow mechanical energy, water flow thermal energy, thermal flow expended for melting of frozen soil, thermal flow due to dissipation of mechanical energy, heat transfer coefficient between the water flow and frozen soil by the given dependences. |
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Device for prevention of ice formation on water surface Device includes vertical cylindrical housing 1 opened from above and having through slots 5 in lower part. An element generating water circulation is arranged in lower part of vertical cylindrical housing 1 and made in the form of a pair of electrodes - a cathode and an anode. The cathode is made in the form of metal bar 3 that is arranged inside housing 1 throughout its length coaxially at some distance from inner surface of the housing. The anode is located around the bar - the cathode and dielectrically isolated on inner surface of housing 1 in its lower part and somewhat above its through slots 5. The anode is made from electrically conducting material non-soluble in water. Pairs of electrodes are connected through electrical connections to direct current source 4, and electrical connection of the anode to it is arranged inside housing 1. |
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Hydroelectric power station comprises a pipe-water passage 2 with a hydraulic turbine 6 mounted in it, connected to the generator 7. The pipe-water passage 2 is mounted in the water reservoir and laid on the bottom of the water reservoir to the platform 8 attached to the coast. The pipe-water passage 2 is additionally provided in the upper part, which rises above the water reservoir level, with the axial pump 9 with a controllable pitch propeller. The hydraulic turbine 6 is mounted in the lower part of the pipe-water passage. The pipe-water passage 2 is fixed at the bottom of the water reservoir and has the openings 4 for entry of water. The energy complex consists of several hydroelectric power stations united by the common platform and having the necessary capacity adjustable by turning on and off the pumps. |
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Pile is arranged in the following way. A well is drilled for vertical bored shaft 1. Bored shaft 1 with a cavity for drive shaft 3 is made. Arrangement works of drive shaft 3 are performed and the rest space between bored and drive shafts is filled with small-grain concrete 5. After that, monolithic foundation frame 6 is arranged, and the obtained pile structure is rigidly attached to it. |
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Working equipment of single-bucket excavator Working equipment of a single-bucket excavator includes a beam, a handle, a limiter made from a metal bar, a bucket on which a puncheon is fixed, which represents a hydraulic cylinder having a wedge-shaped working tip on the stock end, which performs back and forth movements perpendicular to the bucket digging trajectory and is intended for mechanised removal of soil under a pipeline, as well as strip foundations. |
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Composition for arrangement of bases of road pavements and other structures Invention relates to construction and utilisation of wastes of heat engineering, and namely to reinforced ground compositions (soil cements), which can be used for construction of structures, including in structures of bases of road pavements of automobile roads; in an earth bed of automobile roads and other structures; for backfilling, elimination and recultivation of developed soil banks and slurry ponds; for reinforcement of sides of roads, slopes and cavities. Composition for arrangement of bases of road pavements and structures, which includes cement, slurry of chemical water treatment of CHP, and when necessary, for assurance of required humidity (optimum for compacting), it additionally contains sand at the following component ratio, wt % (by solid phase): sand 57-82, cement 6-12, CHP chemical water treatment slurry (on a dry basis) 12-30. The invention is developed in a subclaim of the formula. |
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Equipment for levelling of underwater bed Invention relates to equipment for underwater bed levelling and can be used for protection of light reflectors at the bar at cable sagging. Equipment for levelling the stone filling make the underwater bed consists of bar 2, weight 1 secured thereat, light reflectors 5 arranged at bar top outer circle, and cable 4. Levelling of underwater bed is performed by lifting the bar 2 with weight 1 on cable 4 and lowering them by gravity. Detection of levelled surface location is performed by parameters of beam reflected from reflectors 5 to light receiver. Protective structure is mounted at said equipment to protect collision of said light reflectors against said sagging cable 4. Besides, there is the zone for beams transmission to point aligned with beam part reflected from light reflectors to light receiver. |
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Device for cleaning of water from coarse litter Device consists of supply channel 1 with cantilever 3, transit channel 2, and receiving well 4. Rotating filter element 8 with water-permeable plate 18 attached to horizontal rotation axis 11 is installed above well 4 on the side of transit channel 2. Element 8 consists of a set of two similar plates 9 and 10 attached to axis 11. Free end of plates 9 and 10 has slot 13. Horizontal plate 14 is attached with a plane to free ends of plates 9 and 10 and to the end of element 8. Flushing hole 15 with seal 16 is made in element 8 at attachment point to axis 11. Supporting plate 17 is located with an inclination towards transit channel 2 and attached to bottom edge of element 8. Transverse slot 28 for support position of supporting plate 17 is arranged at the bottom of transit channel 2. Grid 22 together with brier teeth 23 and 24 is fixed at the bottom of supply channel 1 with possibility of being turned on horizontal axis 21 and is restricted with a stop in the form of transverse vertical wall 27. Grid 22 is located above filter element 8 and has curved shape and faces with its concave side towards element 8. Slot 13 in plates 9 and 10 of element 8 is installed coaxially to bent end 25 of brier teeth 23 and 24 and the latter are restrictors of its vertical position. |
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Water discharge channel of polygonal profile with flexible attachment Invention relates to hydraulic engineering. A water discharge channel includes two composite parts with symmetrical pairs of slopes, an upper one with slope gradient m1 and a bottom one with slope gradients m2, and a triangular base. On a vertex of a triangular base there laid in one longitudinal row are reinforced-concrete anchor beams 1, on the left and on the right to which gabion mattresses 2 laid across the bed along the line of bottom slopes m2 are attached. Gabion mattresses are made of light fascines and perforated tubes laid into mesh wire layer by layer. Flexible mattresses 3 made of light fascines wrapped into a geogrid of tubular shape are laid along the line of side slopes m1 in tight rows. Gabion 2 and flexible 3 mattresses are connected to each other by means of mesh wire and attached in some places to slopes of the channel by means of reinforcement bars 4. The channel of the polygonal profile of the proposed structure is converted to a reliable water discharge or conjugation structure intended for safe passage or discharge of maximum possible water consumptions. It can be used effectively as much as possible as a part of low-pressure dam and dam-free hydraulic assemblies, as well as the main irrigating network in piedmont and mountainous difficult-to-access sections. |
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Electrohydraulic system contains multi-step concrete pedestals placed in one or more rows where the pedestals in the second row and next rows are placed in gaps between the pedestals in the previous rows. On the steps of the pedestals there are installed wave electric power stations united in the common power generating system, and their floats are placed awash. The pedestals are made as multi-step polygonal prisms, e.g., hexagonal ones, installed around the wave generator. The wave generator is made as a motor 3 mounted on a polygonal, e.g., hexagonal, platform 2, the motor shaft is coupled to a cam gear 4, on which a rod 5 lies with a ball 6 fixed at its end. The second end of the rod is fixed to the platform. The wave electric power stations are installed around the wave generator on multilevel polygonal, e.g., hexagonal prisms with their floats floating awash. All wave electric power stations are coupled to the unit of electric energy accumulation and distribution and the latter is coupled to the motor. Neighbouring groups of polygonal prisms around the wave generator are placed in damped wave zones. |
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Method of determining damage of mountain valley by mudslide In the method, damage is evaluated from absence of trees and shrubs at the bottom of a valley and the presence of native old-age tree strata on upper-lying slopes. Later - from the presence, at the bottom of the valley, of even-age, young trees and shrubs, and subsequently, with aging thereof, - from the numerical dominance of trees in the old age group over any other age group; and from the presence of mass damage to the bark and woody tissue on trunks of trees growing on the foot of the slop of the valley. The width of the zone of damage of the valley is measured from the distance between peripheral damaged trees on the cross-section of the valley; the height of damage on the valley sides is measured from the top level of damages on tree trunks. The date of the disaster is determined using the formula: n=n2-n1, where: n is the number of annual rings which corresponds to the number of years since the valley was damaged by the mudslide; n2 is the number of annual rings on a radius passing through undamaged parts of the tree trunk; n1 is the number of annual rings on a radius passing through the damaged area of the tree trunk. |
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Invention is related to facilities of the continental shelf development. An offshore floating platform contains an undersea displacement module, a support subsea module with rigid support columns and binders, and straining ties fixed at seabed anchors. The support columns and binders can be detached from the undersea module in order to escape quickly from an ice-hazardous area and to return back to the abandoned place. The subsea module is made of individual sealed pontoons interconnected by rigid ties capable of limiting relative motion. The support columns of the subsea module are equipped with mechanisms for connection to pontoons of the undersea module and for interconnection of the modules. |
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Method to erect underground structure Invention relates to the method to erect the underground structure, at the same time the method shall provide, if possible, for reliable and quick installation of an underground structure. When erecting an underground structure, a shaft is deepened in the place of erection, which is closed with a slab. In the slab there is a hole, in the area of which a lifting/lowering device is provided. In the shaft in the area of the hole there is a stopping device. In the area of the hole there is a compartment of the structure, which is connected to the lifting/lowering device, lowered through the hole down to the stopping device and stopped. After stopping the device is disconnected from the lifting/lowering device. A process cycle is performed, in which the next compartment of the structure is provided in the area of the hole and connected with the lifting/lowering device and stopping compartment of the structure, then the stopping of the previous compartment is disconnected. Compartments of the structure available in the shaft are lowered until the highest compartment is in the stopping area, and the highest compartment of the structure is stopped. This process cycle is repeated until the compartments required for erection of the underground structure are installed into the shaft. |
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Objective of the invention is development of the method to arrange an antifiltration screen with alternating water permeability in an operated road embankment with optimal parameters of cost, which efficiently reduce water filtration via the operated embankment and providing for its stability. Development of the alternating water permeability is necessary for even distribution of hydrodynamic pressure at the screen body with provision of permanent water flow along the entire screen height, and also for provision of filtration strength of the screen. The proposed method consists in the following: works to submerge injectors into soil; injection of an alkaline solution into soil; withdrawal of injectors. For strengthening they use a bicomponent solution of sodium hydroxide (GOST 2263-79) 2.5-7.5 normal concentration (density of the solution is 1.11-1.32 g/cm3) with addition of lime (1-2% of the working solution mass), injection is carried out via injectors placed vertically at the side of the embankment by stopes, with stope length equal to the sum of length of the perforated part of the injector and the reinforcement radius, injection is carried out via injectors placed vertically at the side of the embankment by stopes, with stope length equal to the sum of length of the perforated part of the injector and reinforcement radius. |
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Sieving, crushing or mixing bucket Invention relates to sieving, crushing or mixing bucket of excavator or payloader. Proposed bucket comprises bottom plate (1), sidewalls (2) and working drums (3). Said drums 3 are arranged at bucket rear to turn about their axles. Revolving drums sieve, crush or mix the material in bucket to feed sieved, crushed or mixed material therefrom between said drums (3) or through them. Bucket incorporates mechanical drive case (4) and drum (3) bearings housings. Said cases (4) are confined by frame plates (5) whereto drum (3) bearing housings (6) are attached. Mudguard (10) is arranged at frame plate (5) and/or internal wall inner side (2) to extend between drum (3) working rolls nearby the shaft locating recesses (11). |
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Method for river ice cover breaking and device for its implementation Method for river ice cover breaking includes insertion of explosive gas mixture in elastic gas-tight shell under ice cover and subsequent initiation of explosion in this gas mixture. Using ballast weight the shell is imparted zero buoyancy, submerged to specified depth and released downstream upon which the ballast weight is removed at the predetermined place, and gas mixture explosion is initiated with delay sufficient to rise elastic shell to bottom edge of ice cover. Device for method implementation comprises elastic gas-tight shell filled with explosive gas mixture, ballast weight and gas mixture explosion initiator. Elastic gas-tight shell is made in the form of hollow toroid in the bottom part of which ballast weight is uniformly spaced along circumference. Herewith, the elastic shell is provided with mechanism for removing ballast weight. |
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Invention relates to devices for controlled temperature stabilisation, cooling and freezing of ground at foundation bases as well as for heat supply of structures on permafrost grounds (in cryolytic zone). Method of year-round cooling, freezing of ground at a foundation base and for heat supply of a structure on permafrost ground in cryolytic zone involves drilling of wells, cooling of ground. All year round, cooling and freezing of the ground of a foundation base are controlled and the year-round partial heat supply of the structure is carried out due to the heat of the foundation base ground and adjacent ground layers that are cooled and frozen. The primary circuit of a heat pump with low temperature heat carrier is formed, the boiling temperature of the heat pump working medium is by 10-30°C lower than the minimal temperature of the heat carrier in the primary circuit. The heat pump is installed inside a structure and heat is supplied with the conversion factor above 1-3. The freezing temperature of the heat carrier in the primary circuit of the heat pump is lower than the minimal temperature of the ambient air of the structure's site up to -60°C. The evaporation temperature of the working medium in the secondary circuit is higher than the lower limit of its working range of temperatures up to -75°C. A thermal well is set in the block of a structure base with bearing piles on the periphery or thermal wells being divided into less powerful ones are set at its periphery along with providing for additional bearing function of a pile. The heat carrier of the divided thermal wells is delivered by heat insulated heating conduits to a common heat exchanger of the heat pump primary circuit or to several heat pumps installed in different rooms of the structure. |
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Method of steering control of working element for hole making in quick grounds and marshy grounds Method of steering control of the working element for hole making in quick grounds and marshy grounds comprises immersing or rising the working element in case of deviation from the trajectory. At that the immersing or rising the working element is carried out by changing its weight. When emersion of the working element its weight is increased by supplying filler in the adjusting chamber of the working element. While immersing the working element as it moves the weight of the working element is decreased by removing a part of the filler from the said chamber of the working element. |
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Underflow filtering water intake of combined design Invention relates to hydraulic engineering, namely, to water intake facilities used for water intake in areas of rivers with complicated hydrological conditions. An underflow filtering water intake comprises a water collecting gallery 1, on top of which a filtering water intake is arranged, comprising a metal grid 2 and filtering flexible mats laid on top of it in two dense rows. Flexible mats are made of light fascines wrapped in a geonet. The first row 4 of mats is laid along the longitudinal axis of the gallery 1, and the second row 5 is laid across the gallery and in direction of the riverbed flow, and also with the inclination that is more than the inclination of the river bed. |
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Method to erect underflow filtering water intake of combined design Invention relates to hydraulic engineering, namely, to water intake facilities erected for water intake in areas of rivers with complicated hydrological conditions. A pit is mined for a water collecting gallery 1, as well as a trench for a tubular water intake 7. The water collecting gallery 1 is erected from solid concrete or reinforced concrete, and then the tubular water intake 7 is erected. On top of the water collecting gallery 1 they install a filtering water intake comprising a metal grid 2. On top of the metal grid 2 they lay flexible mats 2 in two rows, made of light fascines wrapped into a geonet. At the same time the first row 4 of mats 3 is laid above the metal grid 2 in direction of the longitudinal axis of the gallery 1, and the second row 5 - across the gallery 1 and in direction of the river flow, and also with the inclination that is more than the inclination of the river bed. The additional tubular water intake 7 is arranged in front of the water collecting gallery 1 under the river bed at one side and in direction of the river flow. The tubular water intake 7 is made of perforated pipes 8 and flexible mats 3 laid around them. The mouth part of the tubular water intake 7 with inclination enters the gallery 1 at the level of water level. |
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Horizontal underground water intake of combined design Invention relates to hydraulic engineering, namely, to water intake facilities. A horizontal underground water intake comprises a water receiving tray 1 with a metal grid 2, on top of which there are gabion mats 3 laid in longitudinal rows with drainage devices. The metal grid 2 is arranged on top of the tray 1. Drainage devices of gabion mats 3 are made of light fascines 4 and perforated pipes 5 laid in layers and wrapped into a gabion net. On top of gabion mats 3 along the tray there are flexible mats 6. Mats 6 are made of dense rows of light fascines wrapped into a geonet. At two sides perpendicularly to the tray 1 and with an inclination to it, at a certain distance from each other, there are dense rows of additional water-collecting lines 7 of the tray 1 from gabion mats 3. Additional lines 7 of gabion mats 3 enter the water-receiving tray 1 with the help of short channels 8. Channels 8 are arranged on top of the tray 1 boards and with direction of the drain inside the tray 1. At the end of the water-receiving tray 1 there is a water-collecting well 9 equipped with a water-intake pipeline 10. Around the well 9 and on top of the loose soil along the line of the tray 1 there is a safety screen 11 from clayey soil. |
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Electrode section is made as a flat structure, it consists of horizontal and vertical electrodes. The section is divided into 2 and more electrodes vertically and horizontally the section includes 1 and more electrodes. Diameter of the horizontal and vertical electrodes is not less than 10 mm, length of each electrode is more than 1m, and distance between the electrodes is not less than 0.05 m. Voltage is supplied either to horizontal or vertical electrodes only or to horizontal and vertical electrodes simultaneously. |
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Hydraulic power system comprises multistage concrete pedestals located in two or more rows so that the pedestals of the second and subsequent rows are placed in the gaps between the pedestals of the preceding rows. On the steps of the pedestals the wave power plants are installed connected in the unified energy system, which floats float on the waves. The pedestals are made in the form of multistage polygonal prisms, such as hexagonal, and are arranged around the wave generator. The wave generator is made in the form of a column 2 installed on a concrete polyhedral, for example hexagonal, base 3, on which, above the water surface, the water reservoir 5 is placed with the cuffs 6 at its upper edge, and a conical nozzle 7 in the bottom, and a pump 8 for supplying water in the reservoir. Faces of the prism and the concrete base 2, which are in contact with water, have the shape of a parabola. All the wave power plants are connected to a unit of storage and distribution of the electric energy which is connected to the pump. The groups of adjacent polygonal prisms around the wave generator are located in areas of damped waves. |
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Method includes orientation of a flexible concrete mat (FCM) in respect to a bottom surface by its one or another side depending on type of soil. The method to install the FCM according to the first version includes orientation of FCM to the bottom surface with the side having higher penetration power as water flow in a water course exceeds the value of non-washing speed for this section of the water course and/or if characteristics of bottom surface soil are sufficient for FCM self-submersion into soil under gravity. Otherwise the FCM is oriented to the bottom surface with the side having the lower penetration power. The method of FCM installation according to the second version in case, if the bottom surface is formed mainly by rock, half-rock or clayey soils includes FCM orientation to the bottom surface with a side, on which blocks have bases of flat shape and larger area in plan compared to the opposite side. If the bottom surface is formed mainly by sandy or macrofragmental soils, then orientation of FCM to the bottom surface is carried out with a side, on which blocks have bases of smaller area in plan or are made without bases. If the bottom surface of the water course mainly contains sludges, sapropels, peated soils or peats, then the FCM is oriented to the bottom surface with its any side. The flexible concrete mat comprises concrete blocks, connected to each other row by row and in rows with at least one connection element. Surfaces in these blocks at the upper and lower side of the FCM are made mainly narrowing in direction from the central part of the blocks. The bases of the blocks have flat shape at one or both sides of the FCM. Ratios of average values of the base area, height of blocks and angles of inclination of the side surface of blocks must correspond to the laws given in the patent claim. The coefficient of asymmetry between FCM sides exceeds or its equal to 1.05. |
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Device and method for oil gathering Device includes a set of oil-retention booms connected with generation of a length of a line of oil-retention booms. The line of oil-retention booms contains few distanced from each other anchor bends for securing of an oil-retention boom with an anchor to the sea bed. Between anchor bends and in a connection with an oil-retention boom there is an oil-gathering station for gathering oil directed by booms from water surface. The device also includes a range of package units, in which oil-retention booms, relative oil-gathering stations and equipment for anchor installation are tightly packed and coupled with each other, forming a directly deployable uniform set. The method of oil gathering from water surface consists in installation of a floating oil-retention boom in water perpendicularly to the direction of oil movement, in fact. An oil-retention boom is secured with an anchor to the sea bed, using a range of anchor bends distanced from each other; at that, this distance is obviously less than the length of oil-retention booms between them. Oil-retention booms between two securing points are arranged of V-shape pointed away from approaching oil slick. An oil-gathering station is secured to the angle of a V-shaped oil-retention boom. Gathered in the angle of a V-shaped boom oil is picked up from water surface to the oil-gathering station. Floating oil-retention booms, associated oil-gathering stations and equipment for anchor installation are tightly packed and coupled with each other in a package unit or storage case. |
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Generator of hydroelectric power Generator comprises multistage concrete pedestals arranged in two or more rows so that the pedestals of the second and subsequent rows are arranged in the gaps between the pedestals of the preceding rows. On the steps of the pedestals the wave power plants connected in one power system are mounted. The wave power plants are mounted on the multifaceted and multitiered prisms around the wave generator. The wave generator is made in the form of a column 3 mounted on the concrete polygonal prism 2, on which above the water surface in a magnetic bearing the rotating star-shaped, for example a four-rayed, wheel 4 is mounted. The outer end of each ray of the wheel the stone or cast iron polished ball 5 is attached by means of the connecting element 6. On the inner side surfaces of the star-shaped wheel the troughs 7 are made, the distance between which edges is greater than the diameter of the ball 5. The length of the connecting element 6 is greater than the distance from the base of horizontally disposed trough 7 of the star-shaped wheel to the water surface, but less than the depth of the water reservoir. The facets of polygonal concrete pedestal and the multifaceted prism in contact with the waves are designed according to shape of parabola. The star-shaped wheel shaft 4 is connected to the motor shaft 11 which is connected to the outlet of the unit of processing and storing electric energy, connected to a group of wave power plants. In the water reservoir the star-shaped wheel 4 is mounted so that the ball 5 is moved along its course. The connecting element 6 is made in the form of a rope or cable or cord On the water surface in the area of damped waves the similar groups of wave power plants are located. |
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Drainage device with spacer screen Invention relates to land reclamation construction and may be used in construction of drainage systems on heavy grounds. The drainage device with the spacer screen comprises a perforated pipe laid onto a drainage cushion, a water impermeable screen made as interrupted in length and a drainage filler from filtering material in areas of screen break. The screen is made as arched from elastic plastic rectangular plates by means of elastic curve and fixation of their edges on walls of the trench at the level of the height of the drainage cushion laid at the bottom of the trench. |
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Drainage device with ring screen Drainage device with a ring screen comprises a perforated pipe with a screen made as closed along the perimeter of the cross section and interrupted along length, and filtering material sprinkled in areas of screen break. The screen is made of identical elastic metal cord recycled car tyres connected to each other at the ends by means of a mechanical link. |
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Invention relates to the field of construction, namely to design of bases and foundations on anthropogenic soils, flooded territories, also when lifting and moving buildings and structures. The method to create a soil-reinforced base of buildings and structures includes erection and filling of shells via a pipeline-sleeve. The protective multi-shell system of man-made bases and foundations is arranged onto the prepared soil base, besides, in the beginning they install shield-platform from a composite material, having shape of memory, and strengthened with flexible anchor devices, then it is mounted with the help of a flexible link to flattened shells-jacks, besides, inside them they first make elements-sections divided in vertical and horizontal directions by flexible membranes-separators from composite nanomaterials, and then they are filled by working medium, which makes it possible to increase, decrease or maintain design height. To the lower shell-jack they mount shells-jacks by flexible links, and on the last of them they install an upper shield-platform, to which buildings or structures are fixed by flexible links. Then a central flexible rod is mounted with nozzles, fixing them to shells-jacks, and then connected to the shield-regulator and the container with working medium, after that they install a controlling system of sensors and connect them with the shield-regulator. Erection or transfer of the building or structure of this protective multi-shell man-made system is possible via pulling shells-jacks through prepared holes-trenches gradually under existing operated buildings and structures without shields-platforms and raising and lowering buildings and structures with account of the above method. |
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Method to compact ballast of rail track Method to compact ballast of the rail track by means of forced introduction into a medium and withdrawal of a tool from it. The tool is at least one rod designed to compact the medium installed as capable of rotation around its longitudinal axis and/or around the axis of parallel or non-parallel longitudinal axis of the rod. The working part of the rod has sections with ledges on the side surface and/or is bent in the shape different from the helical line, and rotation of the rod is done unidirectionally and/or with change of the rotation direction. The shape of the rod cross section in the working part may be a circle, and/or an oval, and/or a polygon. The surface of the rod and/or the surface of its ledges is additionally equipped with corrugations made of wear-resistant material. The tool is equipped with at least one ramming plate fixed rigidly or as capable of displacement above the working part of the tool. As the tool interacts with the compacted medium, gas and/or liquid and/or gas-liquid mixture is injected into it under pressure. |
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Method to control opening of lock joint of metal sheet piles and device for its realisation Invention relates to construction, namely, to drive metal sheet piles into earth, and more specifically to control of quality of the specified process, related to rupture (opening) of a lock joint at depth. The method to control opening of a lock joint of sheet piles consists in driving a sheet pile into earth, and the sheet pile has locks with the inner cavity, and submersion of the next sheet pile into the earth. Prior to driving of piles into soil to the inner cavity of the metal sheet pile, at the side of pile insertion into soil, they place a signal device with source of oscillations with varied frequency, at the same time period of signalling device operation exceeds the time of pile driving. The pile is driven, the receiver of oscillations is installed on the upper end of the pile, and the signal is received from the source of oscillations. Prior to driving of the next sheet pile on the inner side of the free lock they install a signalling device, comprising a wedge-shaped body facing with a sharp end down, on which at the side of the short cathetus there is a source of oscillations. When the next pile is driven, its lock, as the signalling device placement depth reaches the previous pile by the edge of its inner cavity, breaks the source of oscillations, and oscillations are no longer accepted by the receiver, which means that the lock of the specific pair of metal sheet piles during submersion does not open. If when the next pile is submerged to the depth of installation of the signalling device at the next pile the receipt of oscillations continues, it means the lock joint of this pair of sheet piles in the soil thickness broke (opened). |
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Pile driving hammer comprises tubular body, impact body, impact body lift two hydraulic cylinders, fluid pressure control valve, pressure and discharge fluid lines. Two lift-drop devices are arranged at hydraulic cylinder rod ends and equipped with metal shields. Two proximity sensors are arranged at tubular body to interact with metal shields. Hydraulic cylinder piston ends make a closed working fluid chamber communicated via pipes while fluid pressure control valve interacts with cylinder rod ends only. |
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Device comprises an underwater vessel with atmospheric pressure of air, a trolley, a pulp line with a cone-shaped mixer and a jacket, a bracket with a trolley and a jacket, a vertically arranged working organ with a hydraulic motor, its shaft and tillers. On the shaft of the hydraulic motor there is a conical body, tillers are made in the form of cutters and fixed on the conical body. On the side surface of the conical body there are through holes with transverse size of not less than concretion size. The conical body with cutters is installed below the horizontal input section of the mixer. The bracket is connected with the trolley by means of a rotary hydraulic cylinder with the vertical axis of rotation. |
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Underwater structure (US) operates at depth in the range from 100 to 120 m from sea level. At the same time the US comprises a support-bearing underwater complex and a drilling complex or a production complex. The support-bearing underwater complex includes a support-bearing plate and a wellhead complex. The support-bearing plate, in its turn, comprises a wellhead block, an energy block, a residential block, and also a life support block, internal and external circular corridors, radial transitions, sectioned ballast pontoons of circular shape and propelling agents. Retention of the underwater structure in the vertical position at the specified point for the whole period of stay is provided by control of filling of ballast pontoon sections, at the same time retention in the horizontal plane is done due to operation of the propelling agents. The inner surface of the body of the drilling complex and the production complex is congruent to the external surface of the wellhead complex, and the lower surface of the body of the drilling complex and the production complex is congruent to the upper surface of the support-bearing plate. |
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Device to produce wells in soil by impact method Device comprises interacting an impact mechanism, a working tool, built-up rods, connected to the working tool. The impact mechanism is made in the form of a diesel hammer installed vertically in guides of a pile driver and interacting with a transfer mechanism, made in the form of a block of two communicating mutually perpendicular hydraulic cylinders, arranged in the vertical plane, at the same time one of them is made with external and internal coaxial cavities, equipped with pistons with vertical coaxial stems, besides, the external stem is made as hollow and detachable, and the other cylinder is installed in direction of well tunnelling, and its space beyond the piston communicates by a pipeline with the external cavity of the vertical cylinder. The block of cylinders is placed on a horizontal support plate installed in a sump tank at the tunnelling depth, and with its rear part it rests against the vertical support plate interacting with the vertical wall of the sump tank. Both plates are equipped with shock absorbers installed on helical piles screwed into the floor soil and the vertical wall of the sump tank and equipped with devices for gap closing. |
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Method for vibration submersion of polymer rabbet and pipes into soil Invention relates to the field of production of piling works and may be used to submerge a polymer rabbet and pipes into soil. The method of vibration submersion of a polymer rabbet and pipes into soil includes change of a point of vibration mechanism fixation along the axis of the submerged element, making it possible to reduce losses of energy of oscillation waves to overcome forces of inner friction in the material of the rabbet and pipes. The vibration driver is shifted with a pitch, the value of which is determined when calculating logarithmic decrement of oscillations attenuation in the material of the submerged sample element, produced during analysis of vibrograms of free attenuated oscillations and calculation of the rate of vibration amplitudes reduction at the border of each step of shifting of the vibration driver as speed of element submersion drops down to 0.1 m/min. |
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Invention relates to working machine. It comprises body, front and rear ends. Note here that said body incorporates power plant to engage with the soil so that machine is actuated thereat, loading lever assembly including single loading lever mounted at one end relative to said body. Said lever extends forward on body one side or towards body one side, beyond body front edge where working tool holder is arranged. Note here that, additionally, this machine comprises operator's cab mounted at the body, on its second side opposite the first side whereat loading lever extends, and at body front end so that no part of the body extends notable forward beyond the cab. Note that said cab comprises roof, floor, front and rear walls, first sidewall adjacent to loading lever and second cab side opposite said first sidewall that makes, in fact, an unscreened window. The latter extends over the cab second side length. Besides, there is an opening facilitating access doors closure. Note also that this machine is a colder of side turn. Its power plant comprises two wheels or continuous caterpillar chains on every side of the body. It is controlled by differential actuation of said wheels or caterpillar chains of one side relative to those of the opposite side. |
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Method of working machine operation Invention relates to control over stability of working machine during its operation. Working machine comprises lengthwise load moment control system (30, 32, 35, 40) operating automatically to disengage first and/or second drive (12, 15) to facilitate lengthwise instability at measurement of preset lengthwise instability of the machine. Note here that proposed method comprises measurement of the parameter related with machine speed whereat machine is considered moving on soil at speed exceeding threshold magnitude at disengagement of the lengthwise load moment control system (30, 32, 35, 40). |
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Invention relates to the field of construction and relates to a water impermeable membrane. It includes a barrier layer and an adhering layer. The sealing facility is arranged in the form of a grate between the adhering layer and the barrier layer. |
Another patent 2513629.