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Composition for arrangement of bases of road pavements and other structures. RU patent 2520118.

IPC classes for russian patent Composition for arrangement of bases of road pavements and other structures. RU patent 2520118. (RU 2520118):

E02D3/12 - Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil (making piles E02D0005460000; soil-conditioning or soil-stabilising materials C09K0017000000)

E01C3/04 - Foundations produced by soil stabilisation

C09K17/10 - Cements, e.g. Portland cement

Another patents in same IPC classes:

Method to determine quantity of cement in soil-cement material of structure / 2513567
Invention relates to technology of construction and may be used to determine quantity of cement in soil-cement material in creation of building structures by means of jet cementing. The method to determine quantity of cement in the soil-cement material of the structure in development of building structures by means of jet cementing consists in addition of a powdery indicator into the cement mortar injected into a well. Such powdery indicator may be powder graphite, fineness of grinding of which is not below fineness of cement grinding. Weight ratio of graphite powder makes 1-10% of cement weight. During realisation of the method they first measure electric conductivity of the injected cement mortar, then electric conductivity of the soil and cement pulp discharged from the well is measured, and the quantity of cement in the soil-cement material of the structure is determined as difference between the cement quantity in the cement mortar and the quantity of cement in the pulp. The quantity of cement in the pulp is calculated in accordance with the following formula: m c n = m c λ n λ c , where mcn - quantity of cement in the pulp; mc - quantity of cement in the cement mortar; λn - value of pulp electric conductivity; λc - value of cement mortar electric conductivity.

Method to strengthen natural soils and mineral materials for construction of roads / 2509188
In the method to strengthen natural soils and mineral materials for construction of roads with using of hydraulic mineral and water-dissolved polymer binders, including cement and latex of copolymers on the basis of sterol, ethers of acrylic acid, butadiene, acrylonitrile, ethylene with vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride or their mixtures with additives of thickeners on the basis of cellulose, defoaming agents of siloxane type and ether of glycol with regulation of pH by caustic, the specified polymer binder is used, polymer particles in which have dimensions from 50 to 200 nm, preferably 80-160 nm, with an additive in the amount of 0.1-5.0 wt parts per 100 wt parts of dry substance of the specified binder as a coalescer - ether of glycol of simple mono- or diester of ethylene- or diethylene glycol or aromatic hydrocarbon, for instance, white spirit, the value pH equal to 6.5-9 is set when using caustic in the form of 1-2% solution.

Method of intense soil strengthening under existing building / 2507342
Method of intense soil strengthening under an existing building includes formation of a peripheral row in the zone of performance of restoration works along the perimetre of a strengthened base of sagging soil and cellular structure in the zone of the strengthened base of the soil by drilling of depth wells to the depth of sagging soil, filling of injectors into wells, their sealing and injection of a hardening mortar under pressure in a certain sequence of sagging horizon strengthening. Relative to the structure contour they create a process base zone of multi-level support horizons of a counterforce body, in which at the bottom they form a root of stabilisation of sagging soil by the method of forced main and additional stage-step injection of an active mass of the mortar, distribution and regulation of sagging soil in volume density at joints of sections of the contact and combination of complect-active heterogeneous systems, direct and reverse pressing of a zone of relaxation sections in volume density of sagging soil at joints of contact sections under alternating directivity of supply of an active mass of mortar at variable angles in horizontal planes of multi-level support horizons. Intensive development is created to move mortar through soil by forced and transverse shift forces relative to each other in different levels of horizons of a counterforce body in direction of counteraction of strengthened soil resistance forces. Locations of nodal directivity of mortar injection into soil are distributed and formed with possible correction of required linear and angular parameters of directivity of reciprocal displacement of the mortar, consolidation and formation of the soil structure. Injection of the mortar into shafts of depth wells is carried out in steps by horizons and formation into a single volume-space structure of soil to the entire depth of the active base zone of relaxation sections of the counterforce body. Introduction of an additional injection of mortar and creation of a retaining force is carried out in the form of supply of a by-mortar and serial selective direction, distribution and formation of its position at local sections of horizontal transitions of basic zones of relaxation sections of the counterforce body in the sagging soil under the existing building.

Method for stabilisation of soil or foundation / 2503768
Method consists in treatment of the latter by a stabiliser containing latex polymer, which is applied mixed with water. Treatment of soil or foundation is carried out by introduction of the stabiliser by means of a cutter by the cutting method as the stabiliser is mixed with ground or foundation. The latex polymer is represented by latexes from the group that includes sterol-butadiene latex, (meth)acrylate latex, ethylene-vinyl acetate latex, ethylene/propylene latex, ethylene/propylene-dimer latex, butadiene-acrylonitrile latex, silicon latex, polybutadiene latex, latex from natural rubber or mixture of two or several of the specified latexes. The stabiliser additionally comprises a thickener based on cellulose, a defoaming agent selected from the group including silicons, glycol ethers, natural fats or oils and fatty alcohols, and also at least one chloride or at least one hydroxide of alkaline or earth metal, besides, the stabiliser has the following composition (wt %); 0.1 - 50 latex polymer, 0.05 - 5 thickener, up to 5 defoaming agent, 0.01 - 10 chloride or hydroxide of alkaline or earth metal, residue to 100 - water.

Method to construct buildings, structures on unevenly compressible soils / 2494194
Method to construct preferably high and high-rise buildings and structures on unevenly compressible soils, according to which, after erection of another group from one or several floors of the building, they measure subsidence of foundations, average inclinations of the upper slab above this group of floors and average inclinations of upper slabs above all previously erected groups of floors. On the basis of measurement results and their analysis they decide on deformations of the base and strain stress behaviour of the building at the moment of measurements and until completion of the building, and also on the necessity to impact the soil or the foundation. At first the foundation is erected as designed not for a full load from the building, but for its part, for instance, from the half of the building, in process of erection of this part of the building they measure deformations of foundations and inclinations of slabs, they are used to assess actual characteristics of soil deformability, strain stress behaviour of the building at the moment of measurements and for its completion, and also the necessity to increase the bearing capacity of foundations. Afterwards, if necessary, works are performed to increase the bearing capacity of the foundations by means of increasing of foundation size, strengthening of soils under foundations, for instance, by means of injection of setting solutions, addition of a solid reinforced concrete board to the previously erected foundations, or pressed, screwed or bored piles. The bearing capacity of foundations is increased only in that part, that volume and at that level of height of the constructed building or structure, which provide for safety and permissible level of building deformations until its completion.

Earth mixture / 2493325
Earth mixture contains the following components, wt %: homogeneous mixture of natural soil, not containing inclusions with size of more than 50 mm 69.0 - 88.0, portland cement 1.5 - 5.5, bentonite powder, modified by soda, for drilling muds 0.8 - 3.3, water - balance. The earth mixture may contain portland cement PC 400 and additionally a lime additive in the amount of 0.5 - 2 wt %.

Method to strengthen foundation bases in seismically dangerous areas / 2487976
Method to strengthen foundation bases in seismically dangerous zones includes indentation of injectors into soil and supply of a hardening mortar through them under pressure first along the periphery of the strengthened area until closure of adjacent sealing zones, and after hardening of the mortar - inside the produced contour. Previously the strengthened area is broken into equal parts of the rectangular shape. After supply of the hardening mortar along the periphery of the strengthened area they supply a mortar along the periphery of each part of the rectangular shape also until closure of the adjacent sealing zones. After hardening of the mortar they supply the hardening mortar inside the produced contours of the rectangular shape, besides, injectors inside contours are installed in the staggered order.

Equipment for jet cementation / 2485249
Equipment for jet cementation for creation of pillars of fixed soil, having nonround cross section, comprises a mast, a rotator, moved along the axis parallel to the mast and controlled when rotated around the specified axis, a set of hollow pump rods, temporarily disconnected with the rotator, a feeding facility for injection of a cement mortar of fixing fluid medium into soil via a string of pump rods, and a facility for variation of rotation speed in at least one specified angular range around the axis. Additionally it comprises a rotor directly attached to one of pump rods of the string and technologically connected with at least one signal-generating device, installed on the non-rotary part of the equipment and made as capable of control signal generation to change speed of rotator rotation in response to the angular position of the rotor, and a through clamp, installed on the rotary mandrel of the rotator, equipped with a fixation facility, which may be put in action for pressing of the pump rod and make it built into the rotator, and which may be deactivated, to release the pump rod and provision of rotator movement relative to the pump rod.

Method for construction and analysis of stressed deformed condition of buildings, structures and other vertically extended objects on unevenly compressed soils / 2476642
Method to to construct buildings, structures and other vertically extended objects on unevenly compressed soils with introduction of additional stiffening elements into a structural scheme of the buildings, structures, such as reinforced concrete belts, impacting soil for changing its properties in process of building erection, measurement of deformations and/or stresses in the main and additional elements of the building, besides, measurements of stresses and deformations are carried out after erection of each group of floors in a surface structure, further, having detected the stressed-deformed condition of the building with account of its stiffness within the floors erected to the moment of measurements, and having assessed acceptability of arisen subsidence and stresses to the moment of measurements, actual deformation and strength characteristics of foundation soils, expected values of stresses and subsidence to the moment of erection of the last building floor, afterwards they decided on necessity and scopes of local impact at the foundation soil until final erection of the building, besides, in case of necessity to impact the foundation soil, they stop erection of the building or continue only in the part, the foundation of which does not require impacting soil, if necessary, the required impact at the soil is carried out, for instance, fixation of cement-sand mortars, afterwards they continue erecting the building, differing by the fact that after erection of another group, for instance, from 2-5 floors of the surface building, they measure the average slope of the upper slab above this group of floors and average slopes of upper slabs above all previously erected groups of floors, further on the basis of the ratio of average slopes of slabs they decide on deformations of the foundation and the stressed-deformed condition of the building to the moment of each measurement, on further development of deformations and change of the stressed-deformed condition to final erection of the building, on the necessity to impact the soil, on termination of building erection or continuation of its construction in the part, the foundation of which does not require impacting soil, on the necessity to introduce additional stiffening elements into the structural scheme, besides, if slope measurements have been made, only upon completion of construction, by the ratio of slab slopes they decide on previously generated deformations of the building, the structure.

Ballast prism for high-speed heavy-traffic sections of continuous welded railroad track / 2475580
Ballast prism contains crushed stone joined with a binding material on the basis of synthetic latex into an elastic monolith with open through pores. At the same time 0.15-0.20 of the volume is represented by a rubber-like fraction of 10-20 mm, produced by crushing of used car tyres and other recycled products from rubber-like materials.

Road structure / 2516603
Road structure comprises an earth bed, a road surface with an underlying layer, sides, a longitudinal drainage system filled with crushed stone of fraction 20-40 and arranged in the body of the earth bed along the axis of the road, water drainage outlets. The base of the earth bed fill under trenches of the rated traffic area from the normative car load is made by geometry of a triangular stiff core from strong easily compacted grainy materials, which have draining properties, and by giving orthotropic properties.

Road structure / 2516408
Road structure comprises an earth bed, a road surface with an underlying layer, sides, a longitudinal drainage system filled with crushed stone of fraction 20-40 and arranged in the body of the earth bed along the axis of the road, and water drainage outlets. The base in the fill of the earth bed under the road surface is made according to geometry of the triangular stiff core from strong easily compacted grainy materials with draining properties.

Compound for road surface dressing / 2505638
Compound for road surface dressing includes oil sludge and flue ash cenospheres of central heating and power plants with the following ratio of wt, %: oil sludge - 20-80; flue ash cenospheres - 80-20.

Flexible strengthening tape used to reinforce soil structures / 2503778
Flexible strengthening tape substantially with permanent thickness "e" is designed for use in reinforced soil structures comprises a central part, made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibres, the specified section stretches longitudinally to withstand the stretching force, and also at least one side section of alternating width, comprising multiple segments arranged continuously along the central section.

Method to erect road surfacing / 2495181
Method to erect road surfacing includes grinding of soil - road base, introduction of a binder into the ground soil, compaction of the produced mixture and soaking of the compacted mixture on air under natural conditions. The soil is ground for the depth of 10-30 cm, the aqueous solution of 0.12-0.30% technical lignosulfonate is introduced into the ground soil by means of watering with the solution volume of 3-6 l/m2 of the soil surface, the moistened soil is compacted by a mechanised roller with weight of 25-40 t in 10-15 stages, soaking of the compacted mixture on air at 18-25°C for 3-5 days until soil moisture of 7-9%. Then hydraulic protection is arranged in the form of a double-layer asphalt concrete coating: the first layer with thickness of 7-8 cm from asphalt concrete with crushed stone content of not more than 40% is compacted with a smooth drum roller with weight of 10-18 t (8-10 stages), the second layer from asphalt sand concrete with thickness of 5-8 cm with subsequent compaction with a smooth drum roller with weight of 10-18 t (8-10 stages).

Method to construct and strengthen motor roads / 2493315
Method to construct and strengthen motor roads includes development of a multi-layer heterogeneous structure of a road surface by means of preparation of an underlying surface: installation of reinforcement in the road bed, pouring of concrete onto reinforcement, cover with the road mesh, fixation of the road mesh and the reinforcement, covering with asphalt concrete. The underlying surface is tilled with a plough with a plough point, harrowed, stubble is removed, the earth bed of the road surface is compacted, the earth bed of the road surface is profiled along tracks and at the edges of the road surface, the tracks are rolled by depth, which is more by at least 30% than the common thickness of the concrete layer of the surface, and at the edges of the road surface a rolled strip is arranged with depth for the half of the common thickness of the concrete layer of the surface. Then reinforcement is laid into track and edge strips of grooves in the earth bed of the road surface. Afterwards the reinforcement is placed on top along the entire width of the road surface and is fixed to reinforcement in track and edge grooves, concrete is poured, afterwards onto loops of the installed reinforcement that protrude above the concrete by 2/3 of the asphalt concrete layer thickness the road mesh is fixed, then porous asphalt concrete is laid onto the road mesh, rolled with light rollers, sealed with penetrating hydrophobic compounds, and high-strength and wear-resistant asphalt concrete is laid.

Method to construct motor roads and motor road design / 2492290
Method to construct motor roads includes erection of trenches and water drainage devices, preparation of a soil earth bed, erection of an underlying layer and a road surface, at the same time the main layer is arranged between the underlying layer and the road surface, and the soil earth bed is prepared by its levelling with coating by a binding additive and its further rolling, and if there is no soil earth bed, it is previously formed by means of application of a mixture of sand, ash slags and/or wastes of coal production, water and a binding additive, and the underlying layer is formed from a mixture of cement, sand, filler of fine fraction or clay or fine gravel, or wastes of heat power plants, water, binding additive, which is laid, levelled and compacted, then the binding additive is either sprayed or sprinkled, with further compaction of needle rollers to density of at least 1600 kg/m3, and the main layer of the road surface is formed from natural gravel, sand and/or sand clays, stabilisers in the form of cement, and/or lime, and/or bitumen, and/or asphalt concrete and binding additive. Also motor road design is described.

Method to erect road pavement of highways / 2489543
Method to erect a road pavement of highways provides for installation of a geogrid on the prepared road surface, its filling with a filler and asphalting. The filler is a mixture made of oil slurry and microspheres with cracks of flue ash from a TPP. The ratio of the components is as follows, wt %: oil slurry - 60÷80; cenospheres - 40÷20. The height of the geogrid and size of its cells is selected depending on mixture consistency, climatic conditions and condition of road surface base.

Method to control heat insulation of swamp beds of ice roads before flattening / 2488657
Method to control heat insulation of swamp beds of ice roads before flattening, including filling of the ice road bed with the heat-conductive layer. The specified layer is snow mass, which is shovelled into rolls from the swamp surface that surrounds the ice road base, and then from the formed rolls it is thrown onto the ice road bed until the required thickness of 20-50 cm is achieved for the appropriate heat insulation.

Composite ameliorative material / 2504572
Composite material contains drilling wastes, portland cement in amount of 5-10% of the volume of the drilling wastes, technical carbon 0.5-1% of the volume of drilling wastes, quick lime 3-5% of the volume of drilling wastes, peat 20-40% of the volume of drilling wastes, sand 10-30% of the volume of the drilling wastes, phosphorus-containing mineral fertiliser 20-30 kg per ton of the composite material. The phosphorus-containing mineral fertiliser can be diammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate phosphate fertiliser, ammophos with potassium sulphate or potassium chloride in ratio of 70:30 wt %, diammophos with potassium sulphate or potassium chloride in ratio of 70:30 wt %. The composite material further contains hydrocarbon-based spent or unused drilling fluid with hydrocarbon content of 3-5% of the volume of the drilling wastes.

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction and utilisation of wastes of heat engineering, and namely to reinforced ground compositions (soil cements), which can be used for construction of structures, including in structures of bases of road pavements of automobile roads; in an earth bed of automobile roads and other structures; for backfilling, elimination and recultivation of developed soil banks and slurry ponds; for reinforcement of sides of roads, slopes and cavities. Composition for arrangement of bases of road pavements and structures, which includes cement, slurry of chemical water treatment of CHP, and when necessary, for assurance of required humidity (optimum for compacting), it additionally contains sand at the following component ratio, wt % (by solid phase): sand 57-82, cement 6-12, CHP chemical water treatment slurry (on a dry basis) 12-30. The invention is developed in a subclaim of the formula.

EFFECT: accelerating strength gain.

2 cl, 4 ex, 5 tbl

The invention relates to the construction and utilization of waste heat power engineering, namely to the strengthened earth materials (songs) with use of waste, which can be applied for construction of facilities, including:

- in the construction of the bases of road pavement of motor roads;

- in earthen cloth roads and other structures;

- for filling, liquidation and reclamation developed underground quarries and sludge pits;

- to strengthen the road sides, slopes, cut-outs.

This composition is a result of recycling of sludge chemical water treatment plants (SCHWA) in artificial cured material by processing astringent and mixing with active fillers and additives. SHUO as large-tonnage waste industry, related to the 4th class of hazard (low-hazardous waste), translated into secondary raw material used in the preparation of fortified compositions for construction.

Famous songs - fortified soils (GOST 23558-94. A mixture of crushed stone and gravel-sand and soil treated with inorganic binders for road and airfield construction. Technical conditions.) The disadvantage of these compositions is the high cost, due to the high expense knitting - Portland cement and others to provide the required strength of the material, as well as high demand in industrial mineral soils. To reduce material consumption can be applied additive production waste.

Also known (RU, patent №2303011) building material "Burola", including drilling sludge, cement and urea-formaldehyde foam, and it contains drilling sludge density from 1.3 to 1.8 kg/DM 3 , urea formaldehyde foam density of 10-30 kg/m 3 in the amount of 10-25% of the volume of drilling sludge, cement in the amount of 10-20% of the volume of drilling cuttings and advanced mineral filler with particle size from 2.7 to 3.1 mm, selected from the group consisting of sand and crushed granite, in the amount of 10-20% of the volume of drilling cuttings. It also contains calcium chloride in the amount of 2.0% from the mass of drill cuttings.

The possibility of using cuttings is limited by the availability of this waste at the sites of education (oil and gas field). This waste - drilling cuttings and urea-formaldehyde foam (penoizol) are toxic and ecologically dangerous. "Burola" does not provide the necessary hardness, uniformity, water and other operating qualities required for material reasons road pavement and other critical structures, i.e. "Burola" not suitable for the construction of structures.

The closest to the present invention, a similar composition (RU 2101413, "Composition for the device of automobile roads and surface facilities"), including mineral material, astringent and alkaline activator with pH of not less than 11, wherein it contains as knitting dispersed industrial waste with a total content of Cao+MgO, not less than 35%, and as mineral material solochek from burning garbage in the following ratio of components, mass%: solochek from burning garbage 40-85, dispersed industrial waste with a total content of Cao+MgO, not less than 35% 15-60, alkaline activator with a pH of at least 11 of the mass of the solid components 2-20. This composition can optionally contain the water in the quantity of providing the desired workability. Composition contains as alkaline Energizer lime or cement in the amount of 2-5% of the mass of solids or at least a component of the group: waste water production of epoxy resins paint and coatings industry; waste water finishing production of textile factories; waste coke production, formed at the stage of regeneration in vacuum solutions of coke gas purification; waste oil cracking, formed at the stage of flue gas cleaning; alkaline effluent produced at the stage of recovery of chlorine gas by using NaOH in the processes associated with the use of liquid or gaseous chlorine; limy milk chemical water treatment plants or the TES or any other strongly alkaline liquid, pasty or dry waste product, or product manufactured with a pH value not less than 11 in number 2-20% of the mass of solid components.

The disadvantage of this arrangement is extended for the duration of the term of a set of durability of the material (90 days or more). In this composition the cement and lime at a very low dosage (2-5%) play the role of adjuvants, and curing takes place due to high content in the mixture of ash and slag/slurry active components (up to 85%). This circumstance has played a negative role in the case of songs with such a regime set of brand strength (as a result of elastic characteristics) for road construction due to the required high rate of construction and installation works, dictated by technological regulations, and also by the necessity of putting the object (roads) in the shortest possible time (usually due to excessive load of the road network and the need fast track roads in operation). In this case, factors such as high intensity of traffic, load and speed of movement of vehicles on the section of road where the base supports constructive layer of the song, not collected the brand strength of will affect premature destruction of road construction in General. Maintaining a technological break after the device grounds for up to 90 days for curing is problematic. Flaws in the song are the complexity of the composition and the difficulty of implementation, as used in the waste - Sololaki must be at least 35% of the active lime - CaO+MgO, but in case of use of chemical water treatment sludge TPP and TPP in the composition will be present only gidrirovaniya, i.e. loose the activity lime. The use of a large number of other components and wastes in this composition determines the feasibility of the complexity of the implementation in practice, as well as additional environmental risks in the use of industrial wastes, which include:

- from solochek burning of waste generated at waste incineration plants;

- knitting - dispersed industrial waste with a total content of CaO+MgO, not less than 35%, for example sludge chemical water treatment plants or the TPP,

- crushed waste slag ferrous metallurgy, etc., alkaline activator with a pH of at least 11, which can be represented lime or cement or any other strongly alkaline products industries or waste, such as lime milk chemical water treatment sludge thermal power plants, wastewater production of epoxy resins paint industry, sewage finishing textile factories, waste coke production, formed at the stage of regeneration in vacuum solutions of coke gas purification, waste cracking of oil produced at the stage of flue gas cleaning and many others.

The chemical compounds used in similar agents and additives are complex, multiple options, difficulty of identification.

The objective of the invention consists in the creation through recycling waste heat power engineering, namely sludge HVO CHP in composition with soil and astringent, solid monolithic and homogeneous material - composition, suitable for the device of the bases of road pavement and other structures in construction.

The main technical result obtained in the implementation of the claimed invention consists in utilization of industrial waste sludge HVO and to increase the strength composite material under compression, on Flexural for the material, the production of which provides for the reduction of consumption of the basic expensive knitting - Portland cement, as well as reducing the consumption of conditioned ground and a corresponding reduction in the cost of material in comparison with standard cementownia GOST 23558-94.

In comparison with the similar offer composition differs accelerated curing after laying in a constructive element, as well as less complex structure without the use of a large number of toxic components.

The problem is solved what is the composition for the device of the bases of road pavement and buildings, including cement, chemical water treatment sludge CHP and, if necessary, water to ensure the required humidity (optimal for seals), characterized in that it additionally contains sand, in the following ratio of components, mass% solid phase: sand 57-82; cement 6-12, chemical water treatment sludge CHP (dry) 12-30. To improve the physical-mechanical properties of the material composition optionally contains Supplement polymer-mineral complex "Nicobloc" in the amount of up to 1% of the mass of dry components.

Sludge systems of chemical water treatment of enterprises in the energy sector is mainly represented by carbonates of calcium and magnesium, sulfate and calcium hydroxide. In the composition of the sludge may be present and organic impurities.

The size of particles of mineral slurries HVO are heterogeneous colloidal dispersion system, in which the solid phase are fine gypsum, hydroxide or calcium carbonate, and also soluble and partially soluble salts of calcium, potassium, sodium and metal hydroxides.

calcium carbonate

40-80

magnesium carbonate

10-30

ferric sulfate and other components

10-30

This chemical composition allows to use SHUO for manufacture of building materials and reinforced with cement of soils, in particular, as a placeholder and additives, partially replacing astringent, either as activators of hardening cement binder. Slime fractions play the role not only of a filler, but the active component of the system that have significant impact on the formation of the active centres of crystallization. The presence of fine and clay-colloidal phase is one of the conditions of application of SHWO in compositions, as the specific content of fine phases contributes to a more optimal particle size distribution of soil fraction compared to a net natural and hydraulic deposition of sand, characterized by odnorazovojj composition. Supplement certain limited (optimal) the number of SHUO allows you to get a mixture of optimal number of plasticity. The strengthening of such material cement gives the best indicators of durability, water resistance, crack resistance, frost resistance compared with conventional tillage clean sand, when a fortified soil has a high porosity, permeability, low strength and frost resistance.

Dosage increase binder in the standard cementarna or similar causes growth of hard crystallization relations and along with increasing strength increases the fragility and decreases the deformation and fracture resistance of the material.

The basic properties of samples of SHUO, selected on the sludge ponds Tyumen TPP-2 in table 1.

Table 1

The basic properties of samples of SHUO

Indicators

Sample # 1

Sample # 2

United test

in liquid form

in thickened form

in liquid form

in thickened form

in liquid form

in thickened form

The volume of water/sediment, ml

100/900 - 970/30 - 520/480 -

The cake moisture, %

- 23,8 - 24,6 - 24,1

Bulk density in a dry condition, kg/m 3

615 621 619

Optimum humidity, %

- 46,1 - 45,8 - 46,0

Maximum density, g/cm 3

1,62 1,63 1,62

Besides SHUO, the composition may contain and improving additive. As an active additives in the claimed composition is applied PMK "Nicobloc", reagent domestic production, Saint-Petersburg (TU 5743-003-13881083-2006 "Additive firming for cementitious mortars and dry mixtures "Nicobloc").

Polymer-mineral composition (PMC) on the basis of the holder of powders and mineral fillers "Nicobloc" is a composition consisting of a distinctly selected minerals on a given chemical composition and activation, and polymers consisting of molecules, called "comb". This modification of polymer is a macromolecule with a long side chains. Since large chains are made of molecules of several types, each of which begins at a certain time. These chains have a specific speed absorbtsii and hydration (phase formation), which provides the necessary duration of their action in the mixture.

The chemical composition of PMK "Nicobloc" presents the following components:

- activated silica - 40%, calcium salts - 15%, sodium - 15%, polymers on the basis of lignins - 30%.

"Nicobloc" it is a powder of grey color, different shades, bulk density 800-1260 kg/m3 , humidity not more than 2%, the residue on a sieve №0315 not more than 1%. More detailed data are specified in THE 5743-003-13881083-2006.

PMC provides very high persistence mix, slow down the setting and accelerate the curing immediately after laying and compaction. When using the PMC is the activation of moisture in the soil optimal humidity, which affect the overall energy balance of the entire system strengthening mixtures, which in turn leads to additional activation of cement and, consequently, to the increase of durability on compression at equal and reduced quantities of cement to reinforce the soil.

Experimentally confirmed that at strengthening sandy soils tensile strength at compression of samples in the age of 28 days with the introduction of additive SHWE and PMK "Nicobloc" will increase 1.5-2 times in comparison with a control sample, the coefficient of frost resistance will increase to 0.9-0,95. Also "Nicobloc" applies to all types of soils, suitable for the strengthening of cement, while there are no restrictions on the acidity of the soil, the presence of sulphates, chlorides, gypsum. This polymer-mineral complex (TMC) reduces the expense of cement on 15-30%, respectively transportation costs and the cost of cement and soil composition.

The advantages of the road pavements and the structural layer, including fortified composition with SHWE and PMK "Nicobloc", include:

- more long-lasting smoothness, especially in intensive soil heave roadbed;

- significant improvement humidity curing composition, as the addition of SHUO or SHWO in combination with PMK "Nicobloc" increases the water retention capacity of the mixture in the process of the initial set of durability up to 7, 14 and 28 days. Developed specific surface of particles compositions and the presence of clay-colloidal phase ensures the cohesion of water molecules and prevent evaporation of laid the structural layer and its involvement in the processes of hydration of cement binding material. This simplifies care of the fresh layer does not require daily watering and bottling of film-forming;

- decrease by 15-45% of the demand for scarce mineral materials and 1,5-3 times the number of vehicles;

- reduction of labor costs and reduce the cost of construction.

In the claimed composition perhaps the use of cement. The basic variant binder is Portland cement, slag Portland cement and Portland cement with mineral additives on the state standard 10178. Use of aluminous cements according to GOST 969, as well as:

- cement gipsovoloknistyh expanding GOST 11052;

- backfill cements according to GOST 1581;

- sulfate and pozzolanic cements according to GOST 22266;

- cement for the construction of solutions by GOST 25328.

The basic requirement is to apply cement with normal (the beginning shvatyvanija should happen not earlier than 2 hours after mixing) terms of setting and drying.

Examples of specific applications

The research of the chair "Automobile roads and aerodromes" Tomaso the possibility of the application of additive SHUO at strengthening of soils. In particular, the introduction of up to 12-30% waste - chemical water treatment sludge CHP raise durability and resistance composition of polluting components of waste during this contact in the structure of consolidated mass.

We have investigated the influence of SHUO Tyumen TPP-2 and additives "Nicobloc" on physical-mechanical parameters of construction of composite material on the basis of alluvial Sands, binding materials and waste.

In our experiments we used a small and dusty Sands (GOST 25100-95) from a pile of hydraulic career Andreevsky with natural moisture content of 4%to 6%; Portland cement M-400 suholozhskogo plant (GOST 10178-85) and sludge HVO (integrated test) from the drive Tyumen TPP-2.

Example 1. For the experimental confirmation of the possibility and effectiveness of application of SHUO, and together SHWE and PMK "Nicobloc was tested 3 series compositions:

I - control series cementownia GOST 23558-94 containing 12% from weight of cement sand;

II - composition containing sand (70%), 20% SHUO (dry residue) and 10% of binder;

III - composition containing sand (59%), 30% of SHUO (on the dry rest) 10% of binder and additive "Nicobloc" in the amount of 1%.

Cooked with optimal humidity of compounds I-III formalise samples-cylinders 5 x 5 cm using a small instrument Souzdornii and hydraulic press. Then the part of freshly prepared samples were sent to the ecologo-Toxicological studies, the basic amount (not less than 24 pieces) were placed in a desiccator to set strength in the air-wet conditions.

Testing of the samples was carried out after 14 and 28 days extracts, water saturation within 48 hours (the first 6 hours - dive 1/3, then completely) according to GOST 23558-94 and GOST 10180-90.

Weighed before and after water saturation samples were tested for durability at compression on a hydraulic press.

The main results of the experiment are given in table 2.

Table 2

The results of the tests compositions of cementownia

the number of series

Number of samples

14 days 28 days In, %

R SG , MPa

Dov. the interval.

In, %

R SG , MPa

Dov. the interval.

I control, GOST 23558

9+9 9,5 1,92 +/-0,19 7.4 3,21 +/-0,27

II composition of SHUO

9+9 4,5 2,45 +/-0,24 3,3 4,03 +/-0,34

III composition with "Nikilika"

9+9 4,0 2,98 +/-0,21 2,9 4,82 +/-0,20

Note: In - water absorption by weight; CSH - compressive strength.

Thus, at identical quantity of binder, the strength of the composition (14 days) with SHUO significantly increased by 28%. Water absorption is reduced more than in 2 times, to III songs in a joint application of SHWE and Nikilika" strength is increased by 38%, water absorption is reduced by 2.6 times.

These results confirm the efficiency of agent use (utilization) of SHWE and PMK "Nicobloc" when cooking fortified compositions for construction.

These data indicate improvement of technical and economic indicators of the application of reinforced soil structures in garments of roads and industrial areas.

Example 2. For further experimental determination of rational doses of SHUO, sand, cement and PMK "Nicobloc was tested 5 series compositions:

I - composition containing sand (76%), 12% of SHUO (dry residue) and 12% of Portland cement;

II - composition containing sand (75,7%), 12% of SHUO (on the dry rest), 12% of Portland cement and 0.3% PMK "Nicobloc";

III - composition containing sand (75,4%), 12% of SHUO (on the dry rest), 12% of Portland cement and 0.6% PMK "Nicobloc";

Table 3

The results of the tests compositions of cementownia (example 2)

the number of series

Number of samples

14 days 28 days In, %

R SG , MPa

Dov. the interval.

In, %

R SG , MPa

Dov. the interval.

I 9+9 4,3 2,14 +/-0,18 4,1 3,90 +/-0,19 II 9+9 4,2 2,39 +/-0,22 3,6 4,12 +/-0,25 III 9+9 3,9 2,74 +/-0,21 2,9 4,28 +/-0,26 IV 9+9 3,2 3,06 +/-0,28 2,4 5,06 +/-0,17 V 9+9 3,2 a 3.87 +/-0,24 2,3 5,14 +/-0,29

Testing of standard 28 daily samples helped to determine the make of the proposed compositions with the use of SHWE and Nikilika" correspondingly the requirements to the materials by GOST 23558-94: I series - M 20 (3,90 MPa); (II, III, IV, V series, M 40 (4,12, 4,28, 5,06 and 5,14 MPa, respectively). Rational dosage PMK - 0,6-1%, with no less effect, and most impractical for technical and economic reasons, as the strength growth slows down, and the cost increases.

Example 3. Further, we investigated the following 2 series of compositions:

I - composition containing sand (58%), 30% of SHUO (dry residue) and 12% of Portland cement;

II - composition containing sand (57%), 30% of SHUO (on the dry rest), 12% of Portland cement and 1% PMK "Nicobloc".

The main results of the experiment are given in table 4.

Table 4

The results of the tests compositions of cementownia (example 3)

No.

Number of samples

14 days 28 days B, %

R SG , MPa

DOV. the interval.

In, %

R SG , MPa

DOV. the interval.

I 9+9 3,9 2,73 +/-0,19 3,7

with 4.64

+/-0,26 II 9+9 3,7 3,39 +/-0,29 3,2 6,47 +/-0,22

Example 4. Further, we investigated the following 2 series of compositions:

I - composition containing sand (82%), 12% of SHUO (dry residue) and 6% of Portland cement;

II - composition containing sand (81%), 12% of SHUO (on the dry rest), 6% of Portland cement and 1% PMK "Nicobloc".

The main results of the experiment are given in table 5.

Table 5 - the results of the tests compositions of cementownia (example 4)

the number of series

Number of samples

14 days 28 days In, %

R SG , MPa

Dov. the interval.

In,%

R SG , MPa

Dov. the interval.

I 9+9 3,8 3,41 +/-0,18 3,4 3,70 +/-0,21 II 9+9 3,5 3,66 +/-0,30 2,6 4,93 +/-0,18

Amount of added water for optimum humidity mixtures, providing maximum density depends on the type and moisture content of the soil and the content and humidity, SHWE and varies between 0-19% by weight of dry components. The value of the optimal humidity for the specific of the compositions is determined in accordance with GOST 22733-2002. When the total moisture content is lower than the optimal humidity in the mixture is introduced the necessary amount of water.

During the experiment were found to be optimal limits of doses of SHWO in the composition, namely 12-30% (dry). At a dose of the sludge in the amount of less than 12% not significant efficiency of utilization of the waste industry, and its Supplement of 30% or more practically does not entail increase strength composite material.

Preparation of the composition in a production environment provides traditional methods of cooking earth mixtures, processed mineral knitting (in accordance with the regulations on technology for pavement construction and strengthening of soils). The main method is the mixture in the installation with the subsequent laying of the "in thing", compaction and care base.

With the implementation of these compounds obtained materials with compression strength 3-6 MPa, suitable for construction of bearing grounds road pavement and other structures. The implementation of the composition is possible without using a PMC "Nicobloc", this ensures recycling of SHUO and the required strength of the composition.

Additional introduction of the additive PMK "Nicobloc" (0,6-1%) provides improved physical-mechanical indicators and reducing the need mainly knitting - cement.

The stated intervals of doses of the components in the composition allow, disposing of large-tonnage waste heat power - SHUO CHP, get monolithic dense, homogeneous and durable composite material corresponding to building norms and technical requirements. The quality of the songs is enhanced when combined with SHUO the introduction of supplements - PMK "Nicobloc". In this composition the required strength is provided at reduced in comparison with the similar list of additives, waste and chemicals, which reduces environmental risks.

1. A composition for the device of the bases of road pavement and buildings, including cement, chemical water treatment sludge CHP and, if necessary, water to ensure the required humidity (optimal for seals), characterized in that it additionally contains sand, in the following ratio of components, mass% solid phase: sand 57-82; cement 6-12, chemical water treatment sludge CHP (dry) 12-30.

2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains an additive PMK "Nicobloc" in the amount of up to 1% of the mass of dry components.