Method of introduction of artificially reared birds to wild life

FIELD: veterinary medicine.

SUBSTANCE: method of introduction of artificially reared birds to wild life comprises performing lekking, egg laying, and brooding eggs until hatching of chicks, feeding them and release into their proposed habitat with their mothers. For introduction the tetraonidae birds are used, such as birds of species of Siberian spruce grouse or capercaillie. Females intended for reproduction obtain natural food, such as pine needles, berries, twig food, arthropods, along with technology feeds, such as grain mixture, combined fodder, premix. Lekking, egg laying, and brooding eggs in nests with use of females until hatching is performed in aviaries. The chicks after hatching from eggs and before their introduction into the wild life are fed with live food in the form of insects that wild chicks of this species eat in the natural environment. Introduction of brood of chicks in wild life is carried out in the age of 1-3 days after hatching from the eggs directly from the aviaries with their mothers or after their transportation to the permanent habitat. And the female and brood of chicks are transported in different cages without visual contact with the ability of sound communication, and before the release of chicks and female in wild life, they are placed in one adaptational cage in which the female settles down and takes its chicks under it for heating, after which the cage is opened and the brood with the female goes away freely to the selected area of terrain, which enables to adapt to natural environment.

EFFECT: use of the claimed invention enables to improve efficiency of introduction of tetraonidae birds.

3 cl, 4 ex

The invention relates to methods of introduction of farmed birds of the grouse family, in particular spruce grouse and capercaillie in nature and can be used in ecology, Zoology and game management to restore natural populations of birds of the grouse family in nature.

The known method of increasing the number of cranes (cranes) by reintroduction of juveniles reared in a captive environment in nurseries, including contactless method of education of the Siberian crane Chicks to overcome imprinting on humans. The staff of nurseries and operators of field work were dressed in a special white suits, mask the contours of a man and simulating the appearance of adult Siberian cranes. Grown juveniles were released in the breeding territories of wild birds with which they could unite. A modification of this method was the "introduction" flight aviary the Siberian crane Chicks in flocks of migrating cranes (http://beloz.ucoz.ru/index/zhemchuzhina__quotbeloozjorskogo zakazni kaquot/0-8).

Known another way of introduction birds in nature, such as young birds peregrine Falcon, a method of savagery young animals, aiming at the introduction into the nature of the captive offspring, given the biological characteristics of the peregrine Falcon, the environmental conditions of the region and the degree of methodological elaboration, is the most prospects is effective method of restoring populations of the peregrine Falcon in the center of the European part of Russia. Used when creating new and maintaining endangered populations. Basic principle: young animals raised without human contact in the nursery, released. In place of the introduction of the Chicks are placed in a special outlet boxes. Parts of the device boxes are tailored to the specific site conditions of release. Remote monitoring of the behavior of young birds is carried out using optical instruments (binoculars) and radiotransmitters and telemonitoring, which significantly increases the efficiency of the observations, but at the same time greatly increases the input intensities of the work (http://nature.air.ru/biodiversity/book25.html).

The disadvantage of these methods analogous is the impossibility of their use for the introduction of birds of the grouse family, in particular spruce grouse.

The closest way (prototype) is a method of introduction of farmed birds in nature (Valkovic V.M. Introduction of artificially reared birds into the wild // Breeding of rare species of animals. Collection of scientific papers of the Central research laboratory of hunting of the RSFSR. Moscow, 1987. P.119-130. - http://www.ex-situ.ru/ bibliographylist/510-2012-03-07-18-03-35 .html). It is known that in Western Europe up to the present time to improve survival in the land of grown youngsters practice their releases into the wild with a parent or adult birds (partridges, asana), whose behavior teach young birds some life skills in the wild, the use of natural food, avoiding predators, etc. Here it is pertinent to note that such releases are possible in small batches in small areas and therefore their use is limited.

However, the experience of the issues carried out with ducks and pheasant bird (with podroschennymi Chicks)that differs significantly from the proposed methodology introduction grouse and has a poor performance.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to increase the efficiency of the introduction of birds of the grouse family and reducing the cost of implementation of the proposed method.

This technical result is achieved in that in the method of introduction of farmed birds in nature, including current, the egg-laying and incubating eggs before hatching Chicks, feeding them and release in place of the proposed dwelling together with females, according to the invention, for introduction use of birds of the grouse family, such as birds species spruce grouse or capercaillie; females, intended for reproduction, get along with technological feed, such as seromas, mixed feeds, premixes, and natural food, such as needles, berries, feed themselves, arthropods; holding current, the ovipositor is and incubating eggs nests using females to output Chicks perform in cages, Chicks after hatching from eggs prior to their introduction into the nature of feeding live food in the form of insects that feed on wild juveniles of this species in natural conditions, and the introduction of brood Chicks in the nature of the conduct at the age of 1-3 days after hatching from eggs directly from enclosures with female or after their transportation to the place of permanent habitation, and the female and brood Chicks are transported in different cells without visual contact with the sound communication, and before the release of juveniles and females in nature they are placed in one cell adaptation, in which the female calms down and accepts juveniles under itself for heating, after which the cage open and brood together with a female by yourself takes on a selected land area, allowing you to adapt to natural conditions. Time finding birds in adaptive cell after transport is about 30 minutes.

When the incubating female laying eggs in the same nest, you can use eggs from different females available in the nursery, which reduces further the likelihood of inbreeding birds after their introduction in nature, weakening the population, and extends its genetic diversity. Introduction Chicks family grouse is carried out in the beginning of summer, the period of availability of natural live food and blahop iatneh weather conditions.

The main advantage of this method is that after the release of the adaptation process (acclimatization) produced litters occurs from an early age, which can ensure the greatest success and the safety of the birds. In addition, the production of broods suggests the best results in the formation of the settlement have created grouse populations. This fact seems to be the most constructive, because experience has shown that released into the wild adults often fly from that place over large distances, thereby reducing the likelihood of meeting heterosexual individuals in the mating season. However, to achieve good results, it requires a greater quantity of birds.

Example 1. The method of introduction of artificially reared grouse in the nature of an aviary

At the sites of release brood of grouse built enclosures, in which the spring was placed intended to release the birds. Female capercaillie intended for reproduction, get along with technological feed, such as seromas, mixed feeds, premixes, and natural food, such as needles, berries, branches feed arthropods. In these cages form a mating group of birds, conduct current, laying eggs in nests, incubating and hatching of grouses. Chicks after hatching from eggs prior to their introduction into the nature of the feed well is the best food in the form of insects, which feed on wild juveniles of this species in natural conditions. Juveniles, thus, pokasivaut within 1-3 days. The introduction of brood Chicks in nature is carried out in the beginning of summer, the period of availability of natural live food and favorable weather conditions in the age of 1-3 days after hatching from eggs directly from the cages. Brood with female capercaillie yourself go into the taiga.

Example 2. The method of introduction of artificially reared grouse in nature after transportation to a habitat

Built aviaries in the spring was placed intended to release the birds. Female capercaillie intended for reproduction, get along with technological feed, such as seromas, mixed feeds, premixes, and natural food, such as needles, berries, branches feed arthropods. In these cages form a mating group of birds, conduct current, laying eggs in nests, incubating and hatching of grouses. When incubating eggs in the same nest, you can use eggs from different females available in the nursery, which reduces further the likelihood of inbreeding birds after their introduction in nature, weakening the population, and extends its genetic diversity.

The female and juveniles after hatching from eggs prior to their introduction into the nature of feeding live food is m in the form of insects, which feed on wild juveniles of this species in natural conditions. Juveniles, thus, pokasivaut within 1-3 days.

The introduction of brood Chicks in the nature of the conduct at the age of 1-3 days after hatching from eggs in early summer, when available natural live food, favorable weather conditions and extended summer period of adaptation.

To transport litters and later release them into the appropriate locations of the female and juveniles are caught in the cage and placed in different boxes. In the box for Chicks on the bottom of the stacked soft grass or cloth for better heat preservation. During transport over a short distance (up to one and a half to two hours) and high ambient temperature (25-30°C) juveniles can not feed and not to warm. During transport on long distances by road juveniles it is desirable to periodically placed in the incubator for incubating and then feed in a slightly opened the box, filling in her living arthropods (various insects and arachnids, caught by the net on the way).

And female capercaillie and brood Chicks are transported in different boxes without visual contact with the sound communication.

Before the release of juveniles and females in nature they are placed in one adaptation of the cell in which the female calms down and taking the em Chicks under her for heating. The cell has a rectangular shape. Made of wooden slats covered with plastic mesh. Doors from plywood in the form of a vertical valves. For ease of transport it can be done folding through the use of hinges. Dimensions: 130×75×70 cm

Time finding birds in adaptive cell after transport is about 30 minutes depending on the condition of the birds. Then the cage is opened, and the brood together with a female capercaillie yourself goes into the forest, and after a while the female again Chicks under her for heating. This is an indicator of normal parental behavior, characteristic of this species, and, after checking this brood left alone.

Example 3. The method of introduction of artificially grown dikes in the nature of an aviary

At the sites of release broods of dikes built enclosures, in which the spring was placed intended to release the birds. Females dikes intended for reproduction, get along with technological feed, such as seromas, mixed feeds, premixes, and natural food, such as needles, berries, branches feed arthropods. In these cages form a mating group of birds, conduct current, laying eggs in nests, incubating and hatching of dikes. Chicks after hatching from eggs prior to their introduction into the nature of feeding live food in view of the insects, which feed on wild juveniles of this species in natural conditions. Juveniles, thus, pokasivaut within 1-3 days. The introduction of brood Chicks in nature is carried out in the beginning of summer, the period of availability of natural live food and favorable weather conditions in the age of 1-3 days after hatching from eggs directly from the cages. Brood with female spruce grouse yourself go into the taiga.

Example 4. The method of introduction of artificially grown dikes in nature after transportation to a habitat

Built aviaries in the spring was placed intended to release the birds. Females dikes intended for reproduction, get along with technological feed, such as seromas, mixed feeds, premixes, and natural food, such as needles, berries, branches feed arthropods. In these cages form a mating group of birds, conduct current, laying eggs in nests, incubating and hatching of dikes. When incubating eggs in the same nest, you can use eggs from different females dicus available in the nursery, which reduces further the likelihood of inbreeding birds after their introduction in nature, weakening the population, and extends its genetic diversity.

The female and juveniles after hatching from eggs prior to their introduction into the nature of feeding live food in the IDA insects, which feed on wild juveniles of this species in natural conditions. Juveniles, thus, pokasivaut within 1-3 days.

The introduction of brood Chicks in the nature of the conduct at the age of 1-3 days after hatching from eggs in early summer, when available natural live food, favorable weather conditions and a long summer ahead of the adaptation period.

To transport litters and later release them into the appropriate locations, female and juveniles are caught in the cage and placed in different boxes. In the box for Chicks on the bottom of the stack soft grass or cloth for better heat preservation. During transport over a short distance (up to one and a half to two hours) and high ambient temperature (25-30°C) juveniles can not feed and not to warm. During transport on long distances by road juveniles it is desirable to periodically placed in the incubator for incubating and then feed in a slightly opened the box, filling in her living arthropods (various insects and arachnids, caught by the net on the way).

And female spruce grouse and brood Chicks are transported in different boxes without visual contact with the sound communication.

Before the release of juveniles and females in nature they are placed in one adaptation of the cell in which the female calms down prinimaet Chicks under her for heating. The cell has a rectangular shape. Made of wooden slats, covered with plastic mesh. Doors from plywood in the form of a vertical valves. For ease of transport it can be done folding through the use of hinges. Dimensions: 95×65×55 see

Time finding birds in adaptive cell after transport is about 30 minutes depending on the condition of the birds. Then the cage open and brood with the female spruce grouse yourself goes into the forest, and after a while the female again Chicks under her for heating. This is an indicator of normal parental behavior, characteristic of this species, and, after checking this brood left alone.

For three years, was released about ten litters.

Thus, from the above it is seen that the invention provides for the achievement of the technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of the introduction of birds of the grouse family and reducing the cost of implementation of the proposed method.

1. The method of introduction of farmed birds in nature, including current, the egg-laying and incubating eggs before hatching Chicks, feeding them and release in place of the proposed dwelling together with adult females, characterized in that the introduction of the use of birds of the family t is Terebenin, for example, bird species spruce grouse or capercaillie; females, intended for reproduction, get along with technological feed, such as seromas, mixed feeds, premixes, and natural food, such as needles, berries, feed themselves, arthropods; holding current, the egg-laying and incubating eggs in the nests using females to output Chicks perform in cages, Chicks after hatching from eggs prior to their introduction into the nature of feeding live food in the form of insects that feed on wild juveniles of this species in natural conditions, and the introduction of brood Chicks in the nature of the conduct at the age of 1-3 days after hatching eggs directly from the enclosures with the female grouse or after their transportation to the place of permanent habitation, and the female and brood Chicks are transported in different boxes without visual contact with the sound communication, and before the release of juveniles and females in nature they are placed in one adaptation of the cell in which the female calms down and accepts juveniles under itself for heating, after which the cage open and brood together with a female by yourself takes on a selected land area, allowing you to adapt to natural conditions.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the incubation of the eggs in the same nest, you can use eggs from different females.