Method of evaluation of broiler chickens

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture, namely, to selection, and can be used in breeding in poultry pedigree farms. Evaluation of broiler chickens is carried out according to the developed scale for fast and slow-fledging lines of broiler strains; the day-old chickens are distributed into three groups: 6-18 hours - late; 19-32 hours - average; 33 and above - early. The calculation of the duration of the embryonic development from laying to hatching chickens is carried out: the time is recorded from the start of incubation till evaluation of the chickens on development of fledging (T1), the age of chickens is subtracted from it, which is set according to a feather (T2), using the formula: T=T1-T2.

EFFECT: method of evaluation of broiler chickens enables to select the parental pairs for obtaining chickens that have a higher rate of growth in fetal and postnatal periods, to increase other zootechnical factors of productivity by 5,2-8%.

21 dwg, 3 tbl, 1 ex

The invention relates to agriculture, namely, selection, and may find use in breeding work in poultry breeding farms.

Progress in broiler poultry industry depends on the development of new methods and techniques aimed at improving the productivity of birds. This is possible due to the inclusion in the selection process of new features, allowing us to predict at an early age subsequent productivity.

Known way to assess embryo development [1]. About the intensity of embryo development is judged by the size and position of the egg and development of the allantois and the vascular system, the magnitude of the air chamber and the status of its borders. In the normal development of the embryo (category 1) is 2/3 of the volume of the eggs, the sharp end is not illuminated, the air chamber is large, often has a broken outline border. The embryo sticks out her neck to the air chamber, the blood network vessels of the allantois is not visible.

Delayed growth (category 2) the embryo does not occupy the entire egg, sharp and blunt end reveals the network of blood vessels of the allantois, the air chamber is small, her smooth boundary.

The lagging development of embryos (3 and 4 categories) in the acute end of the visible unused protein.

Category development it is possible to assume, what will be the output of youngsters.

the Speed of embryonic development affects the tab and the formation of the main mechanisms determining the level of future productivity precocious offspring and not precocious parents. The precocious Chicks duration of the embryonic period, less [2, 3].

However, the evaluation of embryos of this complex of symptoms associated with intervention in the incubation process, and also time-consuming on a large number of eggs. Opening cabinets leads to hypothermia eggs, which reduces the quality and accuracy of the estimates.

Known assessment and sorting of chicken egg breeds (S.I. Smetnev and others)-[4].

A schematic depiction of a tail wing Chicks egg breeds by YU. The Vladimirova presents in figure 1.

Determine the age of day-old Chicks of a feather wing:

1-6 hours; 2-12 hours; 3-18 hours, 4-24 hours; 5-30 hours; 6-36 hours.

Known assessment and sorting cullet - visual on exterior signs allows you to divide them into the following groups:

1st group. Conforming. Chicks of this group are characterized by the following characteristics: they are mobile, actively respond to the sound, have a soft, picked up his stomach, closed the umbilical cord without Kropotkin, pink net sink, soft, smooth, shiny, pigmented Pooh, legs and beak strong, painted in pink and yellow (the yellow-footed chickens breeds, clear bright eyes, large head, wide, the beak short and thick, wings tightly attached to the body. Building chicken by touching dense, the keel of the sternum elastic. Live weight not below 34-35 g with a relative weight of 65-70% of the weight of the eggs prior to incubation.

The 2nd group. Chicks with minor defects, but suitable for cultivation. Chickens well stand on their feet, and actively respond to sound, but have slight variations.

3rd group. Chickens to the cultivation of unsuitable and must be destroyed. They are sedentary, sit down on my feet, weak or do not respond to sound, belly they prune and increased due to the large fetal yolk, which is easily detectable, eyes dull, covered by centuries, wings drooping, SP is long, narrow, short keel, by touching a very soft, loose housing, Pooh short, pale, not evenly distributed over the body. The live weight of less than 30, only one of these negative characteristics can not serve as grounds for rejection n destruction chicken.

4-I group. Cripples. Chicks of this group have defects: defects of the head (cerebral hernia, absence or underdevelopment of the eye, the curvature of the beak), not inverted yolk, persistent bleeding umbilical cord, a large swelling of the umbilical ring, twisted limbs, paralysis of the legs, neck, ataxia (stargazers), dirty sewer, very rare, immature plumage, big belly. These chickens are killed in the incubation facility.

However, the known method of evaluation and grading chickens are not suitable for exterior evaluation of beef breeds. This is due to the difference in the growth and development both in the embryonic and postnatal periods. Chicken egg breeds at the age of 42 days to reach a mass of 500 g of meat for the same period 2300-2400 g, the duration of incubation of chicken egg breeds 504 hours, meat - 512 hours.

Modern breeds of meat chickens allow the practice of separation by sex for growing broilers. Split broilers per day age by sex has become possible due to the presence of paternal breed plymouthrock white sex-linked to anantnag gene, defines the slow growth rate of plumage day-old Chicks, and maternal - recessive gene k, defines the rapid growth rate of plumage. When these lines cross cockerels-broilers will be slow-feathering, chicken - fast-feathering. Feature for day-old Chicks fast-feathering lines is faster development of the flight feathers of the wing of the first order in comparison with the coverts in the slow-feathering lines speed development coverts above flight feathers.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency evaluation of broiler chickens, which is solved as follows: the evaluation is carried out on the developed scale development of plumage for fast - and slow-feathering lines of beef cattle, chickens distributed into three groups: 6-18 hours late; 19-32 watches; 33 - and up - early.

Carry out the calculation of the duration of embryonic development from the laying to hatching Chicks: record the time from the beginning of incubation to assess chickens on feather development (T₁), subtract the age of the Chicks, mounted on plumage (T₂the formula

T=T₁-T₂

where

T - duration of embryonic development from the laying to hatching Chicks (hour);

T₁the time from the laying of eggs to assess chickens (hour);

T₂- the age of the chickens after the of iclea eggs, installed on feather development (h).

The peculiarity of the development of plumage Chicks fast-feathering lines is faster development of the flight feathers of the wing of the first order compared to the coverts.

The development of flight feathers and coverts the fast-feathering lines of broilers are presented in figures 2-11:

figure 2 (0-6 hour) after hatching from eggs, the flight feathers and wing coverts of the first order have the same length (underdeveloped);

figure 3 (7-12 hours) - the flight feathers of the wing of the first order long coverts;

figure 4 (13-18 hours) - the flight feathers of the wing of the first order are clearly visible, one of them begins to turn white tip webs;

figure 5 (19-24 hours) - white with the ends of the webs of the flight feathers of the wing of the first order;

6 (25-28 hours) - begin to unfold webs of one, two flight feathers of the wing of the first order;

Fig.7 (29-32 hours - spun webs of 4-5 flight feathers of the wing of the first order, can be seen growing flight feathers and wing coverts of the second order;

Fig (33-36 hours) - spun webs of flight feathers and wing coverts of the first order and visible regrown feathers of the second order;

Fig.9 (37-40 hour) - a well-spun webs of flight feathers and wing coverts of the first order, visible whitened the ends of the primaries of the second order;

figure 10 (41-44 hour) - a well-spun webs of mA is new and wing coverts of the first order, unfolding webs of flight feathers and coverts of the second order;

11 (45-48 hours - spun webs of flight feathers and wing coverts of the first and second orders.

According to the scale of development fledging, Chicks were divided into three groups:

6-18 hours late; 19-32 watches; 33-and up - early.

The peculiarity of the development of plumage broiler chickens slow-feathering lines is faster development coverts compared to the primaries.

The development of flight feathers and coverts in the slow-feathering lines of broilers are presented in figures 12-21:

Fig (0-6 hour) after hatching from eggs, the flight feathers and wing coverts of the first order have the same length, (underdeveloped);

Fig (7-12 hours) - weakly discernible coverts of the wing of the first order compared to primaries;

Fig (13-18 h) is clearly visible coverts and flight feathers of the wing of the first order;

Fig (19-24 hours - the longer coverts of the wing of the first order with whitened ends;

Fig (25-28 hours) - one to two wing coverts first order unfolding webs;

Fig (29-32 h) unfolding webs of the four wing coverts of the first order;

Fig (33-36 hours) - unfolding webs at 5-6 wing coverts of the first order;

Fig (37-40 hours - spun webs at 5-6 coverts and one Maho is wow pen of the first order;

Fig (41-44 hours - spun webs of the wing coverts and one or two primaries of the first order;

Fig (45-48 hours - spun webs of the flight feathers and wing coverts of the first and second order.

According to the scale of development plumage slow-feathering chickens are divided into three groups: 6-18 hours late; 19-32 watches; 33 - and up - early.

The calculation of the duration of embryonic development from the laying to hatching Chicks: record the time from the beginning of incubation to assess chickens on feather development (T₁), subtract the age of the Chicks, mounted on plumage (T₂) by the formula:

T=T₁-T₂

where

T - duration of embryonic development from the laying to hatching Chicks (hour);

T₁the time from the laying of eggs to assess chickens (h);

T₂- the age of the Chicks after hatching from eggs, installed on feather development (HR).

Example:

Laying eggs in 17 hours 23.09.10, the evaluation time of day-old Chicks in 11 hours 15.10.10; the age of the Chicks after hatching from eggs, installed on feather development - 26 (h);

523-26=497 hours (incubation)

The proposed method of evaluation of broiler chickens allows for the selection of parental pairs to get the Chicks with a higher growth rate in the embryonic and postnatal periods, increase other zootecniche is the cue productivity by 5.2%to 8%.

Example 1.

For the experiment was selected batch of eggs breed plymouthrock white, fast-feathering lines. After hatching conducted an assessment of broiler chickens development feathers flight feathers and coverts, according to the developed scale formed groups of 100 animals each: 6-18 hours later (group 3); 19-32 hours - medium (group 2); 33 - and up - early (group 1). Calculation of zootechnical and economic parameters was carried out for the period of cultivation 1-42 days. Process parameters (feeding, watering, temperature and humidity conditions, light) were the same for all groups.

From table 1 it is seen that the live weight of broilers in groups of "early" and "middle" in all periods of cultivation was higher in comparison with baleani guppy "late" the difference amounted to 5.2-5.5 per cent.

From table 2 it is seen that the protein content is higher in male groups "early" and "late" and chickens group "late". At the same time the content of lipids in broiler meat these groups was below.

The protein content in the leg muscles at the same age was 2.8-3.0 percent lower than in the chest muscles with a higher fat content in muscles of thigh cocks - 7,6-9,0%, females - 6,5-7,3%.

Lower was the lipids in the meat of chickens and roosters group "late", which indicates the later maturation of the meat.

Data analysis anatomical dressing of broilers at 42 days of age indicates a higher meat qualities of the bird groups "early" and "middle".

Thus, the average output eviscerated broilers in the "early" accounted for 68.9%, in the group of "late" - 66.5% of COO is responsible.

The yield of the most valuable parts of the carcass (eviscerated) - breast filet in broilers group "early" and "middle" amounted to 24.5%in the group of "late" - 23,3%. Both males of all groups index macnasty was lower than in males and amounted respectively to groups of 23.9, and 23.2 and 24.2%, females 25,1, and 24,8 23,5%.

Economic indicators: profitability of growing broiler chickens with the early development rate was higher compared with broilers late development by 6-8%.

The proposed method of evaluation of broiler chickens allows for the selection of parental pairs to get the Chicks with a higher growth rate in the embryonic and postnatal periods, increase other zootechnical performance by 5.2%to 8%.

References

1. Guide to biological control during the incubation of eggs poultry [Text]: the Method of the rivers. / RAAS; ISTC "Prentice"; breeding. - Sergiev Posad, 2004. - P.23-25.

2. Setnew, SR Poultry production [Text] / S. Setnew. - M.: Kolos, 1978. - P.44.

3. Popova, L. Technological methods that improve the quality of young [Text] / L. Popov, R. Erigena // Poultry. - 2010. No. 3. - P.39-40.

4. Handbook of incubation eggs poultry / Ed. by YU. The Vladimirova. - M., 1971. Article A.F. Otriganev young chickens poultry. - Pp.163-168.

Method of assessment cap the Yat-broilers, includes assessment of a feather, characterized in that the evaluation is made by the developed scale development of plumage fast - and slow-feathering lines of meat chickens, chickens are distributed into three groups: 6-18 h later; 19-32 h average; 33 h - early, they calculate the duration of embryonic development from the laying to hatching Chicks: record the time from the beginning of incubation to assess chickens on feather development (T1), subtract the age of the Chicks, mounted on the tail (T2), by the formula:
T=T1-T2.