Method of meliorative soil treatment. RU patent 2520278.
 Method of basic soil conservation treatment on catena / 2520143Method comprises ploughing soil as enclosures across the slope to form back ridges and detached intermittent furrows - furrows with jumpers intercepting runoff flow. At that upwards the direct slope having incline not less than 0.015, the width of each previous enclosure Bi is smaller than the width of each subsequent Bi+1, such as Bi-1<Bi<Bi+1, where i is the number of enclosure, growing up the slope, and the width of the ith enclosure is determined by the formula Bi≈B ki, where B is the width of the enclosure that is set from the maximum performance condition of the applicable unit that takes into account the length of the pass, the width of the grip of one plough body, the number of bodies and the minimum turning radius of the unit; ki is the correction factor taking into account inequality of solid and liquid precipitation on the slope and its exposure, absorption and water runoff and defined by the formula k i ≈ 2,3 K n K e ( е 0,1 i − 0,7 е 0,06 i ) [ 1,4 + 24 ( J − 0,031 ) ] ln ( 0,025 L ) , where Kn is the coefficient taking into account the soil dry-weight percentage and equal for light soils Kn=1.0, for medium soils - 0.87 and for heavy - 0.7; Ke is the coefficient taking into account the exposure of the slope and location of the enclosure on the slope: in case of the normal precipitation for the flat surface of 600 mm/yr for the upper and middle parts of the slope at its north and south orientation Ke=0.86; north- west, north- east and south- west Ke=0.88; west Ke=0.9, south-east Ke=0.91 and east Ke=1.0. It is taken into account that under the conditions of Nonchernozem belt the lower part of the slope, as a rule, needs drainage; J is the incline of the slope equal to or greater 0.015, but not greater than 0.05; L is the length of the slope equal to or less than 400 m; n is the number of enclosures on a slope (1≤i≤n) defined by the formula n ≈ L B K n К e [ 1,4 + 24 ( J − 0,031 ) ] . |
| Method of sowing varieties-alternates of spiked crops / 2519863 Method comprises soil treatment, the use of crop rotation of spring spiked crops, presowing treatment of seeds and sowing in spring in time of sowing the spring spiked crops. The seeds are moistened, bringing the moisture content of the seeds to 45-50% of their mass, held at a temperature of +5°÷15°C for 1.5-2.0 days. Then, at a temperature in the range of -3°÷5°C for 20 days, allowing for short-term periods of up to 12 hours of fluctuations in temperature in the range of +5° to -30°C. Then, the seeds are stored prior to planting at a temperature of 0°÷5°C, and planted with a decreased seeding rate in the range of 100-200 kg/ha. The presowing treatment of seeds is started with the selection of germinable seeds. |
 Method of growing adaptive systems of wheat varieties (versions) / 2517849Method comprises the sowing on fields of complex of wheat varieties, co-located in the region. At that the field is preliminary divided by dividing bands at portions each of which is sown with one of the varieties from the complex. And one variety of the complex of wheat varieties is susceptible to the most aggressive pathogen race in this region, and the dividing bands are sown in spring with spring spiked crops. According to the method the seed mixture of complex of wheat varieties is also sown on each field. At that one variety of the complex of wheat varieties is susceptible to the most aggressive pathogen race in this region and is taken in an amount of not more than 20% of the total amount of seeds of wheat varieties, and around the field the spring spiked cultures are sown. The mixture of seeds of complex of wheat varieties is made of early ripening and late ripening varieties, and the early ripening varieties are used in the amount of not more than 50% of the total amount of seeds of wheat varieties. |
| Method of reclamation of agricultural lands / 2516468 Invention relates to the field of agriculture, ecology and land reclamation. The method comprises application into the soil of soil-fertilising material which is used as organo-mineral compost containing pig manure and cattle manure, sewage sludge, and phosphogypsum with the following component ratio (wt %): phosphogypsum with pH 5.0-5.5 - 10-13, pig manure - 11-13, sewage sludge - 6-8, cattle manure - the rest, that are composted in the summer period for 3 months under conditions of high average daily temperatures of compost from 35 to 45 °C, stirring every month till ripening. Then, the resulting compost is applied to the soil on one occasion for 5 years at a dose of 60 t/ha, embedding it in the late summer - early autumn at a depth of 14-18 cm. |
 Method of winter planting potatoes of devyatkin vd / 2516452In the method in autumn the soil is covered with insulating layer of dried mowed grass. Then deep planting holes with sealed walls are made, the holes are filled with fertile soil or fertilisers. The notched potatoes are planted in the holes, which surface is covered with fertilisers and repellent rodent agents. The potatoes are covered with dry layer of fertile soil, and the openings over the hole - with dry grass. Rain-protective cover is placed over the hole, which is removed after the sustained period of frost. Spring watering with warm water and biological growth stimulator and removal of individual weeds is carried out. Potato sprouts are protected against frost with a film, spread out in the aisle and filled with water. In the aisle the aromatic herbs are planted, in summer the flowers are removed, and in autumn after drying stems of potato the tubers are harvested from the soil surface. |
| System of maintenance of vineyards aisles / 2515689 System comprises spring loosening the soil to a depth of 12-15 cm, compacting, inter-bush processing, autumn ploughing and fertilising once every 3 years. The roots of growing weeds for the spring and summer period are pruned 2-3 times, and their aerial part is compacted, creating a compacted thick grass layer. The inter-bush processing of soil is carried out without breaking the compacted grass layer. After harvesting grapes the soil is processed with a combined unit, enabling to mix the entire grass layer accumulated over the spring and summer period, with the entire thickness of the ploughed horizon. Mineral fertilisers are applied once every 3 years in the root zone of the vine. |
| Method of growing sweet pepper in drip irrigation system on flood embedded sandy loam soils / 2514307 Method comprises application of macrofertilisers, plowing with soil overturning, early spring harrowing, preplant cultivation, equiplanation, sowing seedlings in soil layer, vegetation irrigation, inter-row treatments, additional fertilising, protection of plants and fruits from agricultural pests and diseases, and harvesting. Sweet pepper is grown on flood embedded sandy loam soils. The macrofertilisers N120P80K120 are applied once before plowing. Sowing seedlings in soil layer with temperature of 15-18°C is carried out, with the planting density of 71 thousand units per hectare, the arrangement diagram of 90+30×25 cm. The macrofertilisers N120P80K120 are applied in fractional manner with the irrigation water: in the stage of the third and fourth true leaf 18-22% N, 10-14% P, 14-18% K, in the budding stage 30-38% N, 28-38% P, 30-32% K, in the flowering stage 12-20% N, 16-22% P, 36-48% K, in the fruiting stage 20-40% N, 26-46% P, 6-16% K, while maintaining in the soil layer of 0-0.8 m of 80% moisture content of field moisture capacity during the whole growing period. In total 16 irrigations are carried out with the total flow rate of 260 m3/ha, while the nitrate content in biologically ripe fruit up is no greater than 16 mg/kg. |
 Method for recultivation of tailing dumps / 2513468Invention relates to mining and may be used for recultivation of anthropogenic structures and strengthening of dust-producing surfaces. The method includes treatment of stored tailings with a binding compound, sowing of perennial herbs and compaction of the surface layer. At the same time previously, for formation of a pedogenic layer, they treat the surface of the tailing dump with a zeolite hydraulic mix at the ratio of zeolite-water equal to 1:2 and perform tillage of the surface layer. And treatment of soil with a binding compound, sowing of perennial herbs and compaction of the surface layer is carried out simultaneously, at the same time binding compounds are water-soluble polymers. |
| Method of biological revegetation of technogenically disturbed lands / 2512171 Invention relates to field of agriculture, in particular to revegetation. Method includes sowing perennial grasses with introduction of mineral fertilisers. Vermiculite substrate with granules up to 2-4 mm and pH from 6.5 to 7.2 is placed on ground in up to 1 cm layer. Seeds of grasses are sown on substrate surface with their irrigation with water solution of mineral fertilisers. After that, substrate surface is covered with polymer film, which is removed on 5-7 day. Vermiculite substrate represents swollen vermiculite with pH from 6.5 to 7.2, obtained by method of high-temperature burning at temperature up to 850°C with regulation of rate and temperature of burning, containing wt %: silicon oxide (SiO2)-34.0-36.6; iron oxide (Fe2O3)-5.6-6.5; aluminium oxide (Al2O3)- 9.1-9.9; magnesium oxide (MgO)-24.7-26.6; iron oxide (FeO)-0.20-0.27; titanium oxide (TiO2)-0.40-0.47; calcium oxide (CaO)-1.02-1.22; manganese (Mn)-0.05-0.07; potassium oxide (K2O)-0.70-0.87. Before application of vermiculite substrate layer on very dense ground, its tillage is carried out. |
| Method of growing herbs for green fodder and seeds on sod-podzol sandy loam soil of central non-black earth area / 2511752 Invention relates to the field of agriculture. The method includes the cultivation of cereal crops and perennial grasses, fertilization and care for crops. At that in spring after plowing in the period of agronomic "ripeness of soil" it is levelled and compacted with smooth water-ballast rollers. Then the mixture composition of herbage is formed, which grows naturally on sod-podzol sandy loam soils, by planting during May the seed mixture at a dose of 100 kg/ha and introduction to the mixture of triticale with the seeding rate of 50% of the dose of the seed mixture. The depth of seed placement is 5 cm, the inter-row spacing - 15 cm, and the harvesting is carried out with the full maturation of grass and grains. |
| Method for restoration of contaminated soil, ground and water / 2243638 Method involves mechanical removal of excessive contaminants from surface and reducing toxicity of contaminated soil; sowing green manure crops and perennial grasses; preliminarily removing taking soil samples from contaminated surface and separating native contaminant destructors therefrom; after mechanical removal of contaminant from soil surface, providing sequential treatment of plot soil with water-soluble humates and at least double treatment with native contaminant destructors; mellowing soil; applying lime with mineral fertilizers such as saltpeter, double superphosphate and calcium chloride. Green manure crops are sown after application of fertilizers. Method further involves grinding green manure crops, plowing into soil and covering with soil by means of covering roll. |
 Method for thermal soil amelioration (versions) / 2244392Method involves cultivating soil by forming ridges after germination of weedage and providing subsequent cultivation procedures by breaking formerly formed ridges and forming new ridges; providing presowing soil treatment by embedding germinated weedage, stubble and other plant remains axially of ridges and simultaneously introducing microbiological humus-forming preparation; 20-40 days after introducing of humus-forming preparation (according to first version), breaking formerly formed ridges and forming new ones and simultaneously sowing late crops; according to second version, providing sowing of farm crops simultaneously with embedding of germinated weedage and introducing of humus-forming preparation. Methods allow total of active soil temperatures during presowing period to be increased owing to composting effect. |
| Sandy land reclamation method / 2244393 Method involves applying lime and organic fertilizer into humus-depleted soil, said organic fertilizer being introduced in the form of ground plant remains and/or other forms in an amount of up to 40% the volume of ridges by distributing said fertilizer in furrows between ridges; forming ridges in the course of presowing treatment; applying layer of colmatant providing total volume of at least 20% the volume of pores of formed fertile layer; forming ridges with following breaking of formerly created ridges; embedding organic fertilizer and simultaneously applying biologically active preparation; 30-40 days later, reapplying organic fertilizer; reforming ridges and simultaneously irrigating ground organic with biologically active preparation; sowing seeds of cultured crops. |
| Method for cultivation of soya for seed under clearly defined continental climate conditions / 2244394 Method involves sowing sorts of soya with different ripening time; simultaneously sowing sorts of soya of at least four different ripening time in adjacent rows, with early ripening sorts being combined with late ripening sorts; setting seeding norm for early ripening sorts of soya in the range of 600,000-650,000 pieces/hectare and for late ripening sorts of soya in the range of 400,000-450,000 pieces/hectare. |
| Method for protecting of sown wheat crop from complex of pests / 2245010 Method involves forming entomofauna of crop agrocenosis by accumulating pests on restricted territory for creating attracting strips of spring wheat of two sowing periods with break-off time between said periods of five to seven days around winter wheat strips; providing feed stock conveyor system for complex of pests; applying insecticides only on basic winter wheat strips and attracting strips of spring wheat strips, with basic spring wheat strips being excluded from treatment process. |
| Method for enrichment of soil during cultivation of farm crops / 2246196 Method involves applying alternative organic fertilizer into soil, with alternative organic fertilizer being straw used in an amount of 4.5-5.6 t/hectare and green mass of stubble green manure crop (lupine) used in an amount of 7.9-8.6 t/hectare; plowing-in said organic fertilizer into soil in the autumn. |
 Method and apparatus for irrigation during plowing / 2246820Method involves cutting furrow by means of soil cutting tool; feeding water or liquid fertilizer into furrow and covering furrow. Uniform distribution of fertilizer applied to compound intersected relief is provided by forming web of height smaller than plowing depth by 0.4-0.7 time before supplying of water or liquid fertilizer into open furrow. Apparatus has frame with plow bodies equipped with tine having share and moldboard and fixed on frame. Web forming device mounted on frame behind outer plow body is made in the form of rotor with vertical shaft of rotation and blades for moving soil from ridges of adjacent plowed strips. Apparatus has drive. Rotor drive is kinematically connected and aligned with frame carrier wheel. |
 Method and working tool for improving natural licorice undergrowth / 2247478Method involves mowing and grinding licorice vegetative buds and accompanying plants in association of low-productivity licorice undergrowth by means of haying machines to produce cuttings; while mowing, uniformly distributing ground mass over surface of mown strip; providing marker lines and placing planting material in narrow strips at predetermined spacing, with high-quality cuttings of 4-5 years licorice rootages of 12-18 mm diameter and 18-25 cm length being used as planting material; mellowing strips and cutting inclined slits by means of tillage tool; during advancement of machine, moving planting material into inclined slits; simultaneously with planting of cuttings, providing grooves for receiving of mineral fertilizer in surface of inclined wall of slit by means of slitter tine equipped with tiered cutters made in the form of rectangular parallelepipeds; placing nitrogenous fertilizer at norm of 0.2-0.6 kg/running meter in upper tier and phosphorous fertilizer at norm of 1.3-1.8 kg/running meter in middle tier; introducing into lower layer potash fertilizer at norm of 0.8-1.6 kg/running meter for development of plants at second and third years of life; after introducing of mineral fertilizer and placing of cuttings, compacting mellowed strips above inclined slits by means of ring-lug roller sections. Nozzle of pneumatic pipeline is arranged above each cutter. Each pneumatic pipeline is individually connected with seeding unit for withdrawal from fertilizer box of nitrogenous, phosphorous or potash fertilizer. Seeding units are kinematically connected with supporting wheel. Each pneumatic pipeline of tine-cutter is connected with pressure cavity of high-pressure fan equipped with hydraulic drive. |
 Method for cultivation of red clover in clearly defined continental climate / 2248109Method involves sowing red clover (trifolium pratense L.) and cover crop at optimal time in spring; after harvesting of preceding crop, providing stubble breaking to 0.06-0.08 m depth and ameliorating mellowing to 0.6-0.8 m depth; applying phosphorous-potash fertilizer to provide for 3-4 year life of plants; plowing soil while turning layers by means of bottom-moldboard plows to 0.25-0.27 m depth while fully embedding stubble remains; after deep ameliorating tillage combined with turning of root layer, providing irrigation at the end of September - beginning of October at irrigation rate of 700-900 m3/hectare for keeping pre-irrigation soil moisture threshold; closing moisture feeding in early spring by means of heavy harrows in two tracks transverse to center ridges during moldboard plowing and simultaneously leveling field relief; providing cultivation to 0.05-0.08 m depth for killing cold-resistant weeds by means of A-hoes; providing presowing and postsowing compaction for increasing soil density in seeding layer at 0-10 cm depth; performing interlace sowing in early spring (0.30 m) of cover crop (oats, less commonly barley) at seeding rate of (3.0-3.5)·106 pieces of seeds per 1 hectare (continuous sowing at seeding rate of (8.5-9.5)·106 pieces per hectare to 0.03-0.04 m depth on light soil and 0.02-0.03 m depth on heavy soil for producing of 450-500 plants per 1 m2 at full germination phase, 250-300 plants at spring growing phase of second year of life, 200-220 plants per 1 m2 at spring growing phase of third year of life; providing mineral feeding by applying rated norms of phosphorous-potash fertilizer for stock plowing for three years of utilization of herbage, and applying differentiated doses of nitrous fertilizer for further mowing. Application of up to 100 kg/hectare of nitrogen during growing period at maximal dose of 35 kg/hectare for first mowing provides yield of up to 60 t/hectare of green mass, and application of 130 kg of nitrogen per hectare during growing period at maximal dose of 45 kg/hectare for first mowing provides yield of up to 80 t/hectare of green mass. Yield of 40 t/hectare of green mass is provided at irrigation norm of 850 m3/hectare with minimal period between irrigation procedures of 14-16 days, with total irrigation norm making 3,200-3,400 m3/hectare. Clover is mown at flowering phase. Time between green mass harvesting and irrigation procedures is reduced to 1-3 days. Last mowing procedure is performed 25-30 days before air temperature reaches 00C. |
 Method for cultivation of perennial fodder grasses / 2248110Method involves periodically mowing biomass; irrigating and applying mineral fertilizer in spring at initial grass growing stage and for feeding after each mowing operation; after harvesting of preceding crop, providing pre-plowing irrigation at norm of 300-400 m3/hectare and ameliorating mellowing to 0.4-0.6 m depth; plowing to 0.25-0.27 m depth with turning of soil layer; mellowing top layer by means of cultivators to 0.08-0.012 m depth; leveling microrelief of irrigated field by means of levelers; providing interlace sowing of leguminous crops, such as lucerne and clover, and meadow grass crops, such as meadow fescue and orchard grass, at seeding norm of 4.8·106, 5.4·106, 5.5·106 and 8.1·106 pieces of seed per hectare, respectively, with grass mixtures being composed of two or four crops; keeping seeding depth in the range of 0.02-0.03 and 0.05-0.06 m; maintaining mineral feeding mode by applying phosphorous-potash fertilizer at norm rated for plowing for stock sufficient for 3-4 year usage of herbage; applying nitrous fertilizer in differentiated doses for mowing; applying 60 kg/hectare of nitrous fertilizer at growing period at maximal dose for first mowing of 40 kg/hectare to provide for guaranteed yield of up to 50 t/hectare of green mass; 80 kg/hectare at maximal dose for first mowing of 60 kg/hectare to provide for herbage yield of up to 70 t/hectare of green mass, and 100 kg/hectare at maximal dose of 70 kg/hectare for first mowing to provide for guaranteed yield of grass mixture of up to 90 t/hectare; keeping irrigation mode within the range of 60-80% norm of moisture. Green mass yield of from 50 to 90 t/hectare is provided with total irrigation norm of 2,550-3,250 m3/hectare to 3,600-4,050 m3/hectare. Interval between green mass harvesting and irrigation procedures at growing period is reduced to 2-3 days. Agronomical care involves harrowing of last years crop fields, after mowing of grass for green feed, and in autumn - slitting field of young crop field of second and third years of life of plants to 0.4-0.6 m depth. |
FIELD: agriculture.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture and land reclamation. The method comprises the cutting of the arable layer and its shifting to the side, the simultaneous and layerwise application of ameliorant doses in the arable and subsurface layers and mixing them with structural constituents of the respective layers. At that the subsurface layer is treated simultaneously with two instruments: the first - for the depth exceeding the thickness of the subsurface layer, and the second, following the first in the direction of travel for the depth of subsurface layer for destruction of layering of the intermittent horizon and the development of the root system of the plants. The width of the treatment area of the first instrument is less than the width of the treatment area of the second instrument. Then the ameliorant is applied in the subsurface layer and the intensive mixing to the depth of the subsurface layer is carried out.
EFFECT: method enables to increase the yield of crops cultivated on alkaline soils and soils with layered inhomogeneous lower part of the rooting zone, and the effectiveness of their treatment due to use the ameliorants as natural ameliorants placed in the intermittent horizon, change in structures of the three upper layers of soil with simultaneous application of recommended doses of the ameliorants.
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The invention relates to agriculture, namely to a method of reclamation of soil treatment with simultaneous application of amendments (fertilizers).
A method of processing of alkaline soils by A.S. 1664141, including slice of the arable layer and its shift towards, simultaneous and layer-by-layer making the calculated doses ameliorants in arable and subsoil layers of saltwort staggered and mixing them with soil in the corresponding layer with sliding next layer of arable layer on malyarovsky the subsurface layer of the previous pass.
The main disadvantages of the method are the inability to use on soils with inhomogeneous layered bottom part of the root layer, preventing the penetration depth of soil array of water, air and the root system of plants, which entails a reduction in the biomass of crops and reduction in their productivity.
A second disadvantage of the method is its low efficiency because of disuse as ameliorants natural accumulations of gypsum and calcium carbonate, which is located in the transition horizon.
The objective of the invention is to increase the yield of crops cultivated on solonetz soils and soils with a layered inhomogeneous lower part of the root zone, and the efficiency of their processing through the use as ameliorants natural ameliorants, occurring in the transition horizon, changes in the structures of the three upper layers of the soil with simultaneous application of the recommended doses of ameliorants.
Technological result is achieved that the top layer of soil has shifted in the direction of guns, simultaneously with the shift of the soil is made of the estimated dose meliorant and soil intensively mixed with ameliorant. Freed from the arable layer of soil subsurface layer exposed simultaneously handling two instruments: the first - to a depth greater than the thickness of the subsurface layer, and the second, following the first in the direction of travel, to the depth of the subsurface layer. The width of the treatment area of the first guns less than the width of a zone of processing of the second gun. The soil removed from the transition horizon on the surface of the subsurface layer containing its basis in natural land improvement, intensively mixed with structural components of the subsurface layer and at the same time made a calculated dose meliorant, supplied in the area of soil treatment metering device.
Thus, there is a processing and malyarova topsoil from one design, the dose-meliorant, processing and malyarova the subsurface layer of soil at the expense of the second settlement dose making meliorant and natural ameliorants of transition horizon supplied in the area of work for the second gun first, working at great depth, but with smaller width of the treatment area.
The first weapon that destroys the layering of the transition horizon, creating the opportunity for better movement of air and water, as well as the best conditions for the growth and development of the root system of plants, which ultimately is reflected on the increase crop yields. Submitted natural land improvement in the subsurface horizon of the first instrument and mix with subsurface layer of the second instrument allow to considerably reduce the consumption of special ameliorants (press cakes, gypsum, phosphogypsum) and thus increase the effectiveness of the proposed method of reclamation of the soil treatment.
The drawing shows schematically the technology of execution of the proposed method of reclamation of the soil treatment, cross-section (back view).
The method is as follows.
Soil 1 cut to a depth of topsoil and shifted on the width of the processed layer b. Simultaneously with the shift of structural components of the arable layer intensively mixed with made with a given dose of ameliorant m
The subsurface layer 2, released from the surface from the arable layer 1, and the transition horizon 3 sequentially (in the direction of processing of the type a-a) are treated to a depth of t+width 2d, with subsequent submission meliorant to at a given dose in the subsurface layer and intensive hashing on the thickness of the subsurface layer t.
As a result of implementation of the proposed method of tillage on the field are formed malyarovsky layers: - arable amended ameliorant m at a given dose and depth, " the subsurface thickness t, as amended by natural ameliorant about learned from the transition horizon 3 in the estimated dose, adjustable using the width d and depth, as well as ameliorant to with a given dose, transitional horizon destroyed natural addition, malyarovsky due to structural components and the subsurface layer 2.
Thus, each layer of the soil receives a certain amount of ameliorant. And increase the efficiency of the method of reclamation processing lies in the fact that for reclamation subsoils use of natural land improvement derived from the transition horizon, which reduces the cost of land improvement. The destruction of the natural structure of the transition layer and its malyarova due to structural components of the subsurface layer improve air-water regimes in the processed layer, extending the zone of distribution of the root system of plants, which entails growth of biological mass of plants and, ultimately, their yields.
The way reclamation of soils, including slice of the arable layer and shift it to the side, simultaneous and layered making doses ameliorants in arable and subsoil layers and mixing them with the structural components of the relevant sectors, wherein the subsurface layer is processed simultaneously by two instruments: the first - to a depth greater than the thickness of the subsurface layer, and the second, following the first in the direction of travel, to the depth of the subsurface layer for the destruction of stratification of the transition horizon and development of the root system of plants, and the width of the treatment area of the first guns less than the width of a zone of processing of the second gun, with subsequent submission improver in the subsurface layer and intensive hashing on the thickness of the subsurface layer.