Method and machine for extracting of root mass of deep-descending rootstock weeds, preferably licorice roots and rootstocks

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves preliminarily plowing root layer by deep cutting of soil layer without turning and deformation thereof by means of, preferably, flat U-shaped working tool; separating soil and separating rootstocks and roots during second passage along track of previous working tool by lifting undercut layer with the help of inclined lifters and by providing periodic impacts upon lifted layer from the bottom to the top by means of teeth of rotating rotor, with following moving of licorice roots and rootstocks onto surface of tilled soil strip and of soil aggregates and ground to the initial position; providing soil strip of 1.9-2.2 m width by rotavating soil top layer to 0.03-0.06 m depth; cutting 1.1-1.3 m wide and 0.45-0.65 m deep soil layer at one edge of tilled strip; during lifting of undercut layer and deformation thereof, separating root layer into small-sized and large-sized soil aggregates and root mass; laying extracted and separated roots and rootstocks onto remaining part of tilled strip; simultaneously covering surface of undercut layer having soil aggregates moved to the initial position. Machine has frame, separator with inclined lifters, and rotor positioned behind inclined lifters and equipped with drive having teeth with framed working edges. Machine is further provided with vibrating screen mounted behind rotor, and tray for laying licorice roots and rootstocks at the side of frame. Each lifter is mounted on transverse beam of frame and is equipped with chisel positioned on its lower part. Front face of lifter is made flat, with different angles of inclination with respect to horizontal plane.

EFFECT: increased extent of extraction of licorice roots, reduced power consumption, elimination of erosion and improved conditions for enhanced shoot-forming capacity.

3 cl, 11 dwg

The invention relates to agriculture and the agricultural industry, in particular to methods for extracting roots and rhizomes of licorice as an industrial raw material for the chemical, tobacco, food, tinned food and pharmaceutical industries and for a number of special industries, as well as to methods of increasing the productivity of natural licorice thickets and cleanup of abandoned agricultural land and were taken out of crop rotation fields, overgrown rhizomatous perennial weeds, including and licorice.

The method for extracting roots soboliferous weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice, including preliminary plowing rhizome layer and separation of the soil with the extraction of rhizomes, in which preliminary plowing rhizome layer produce a profound without turnover and deformation of the cutting layer preferably plescripshon U-shaped working body, and separation of the soil with the release of the rhizomes and roots perform on the second passage on the previous track by raising clipped layer U-shaped working body with inclined lifts and periodic bumps raised seam from the bottom up by the teeth of the rotating rotor and piling the roots and rhizomes of licorice on the surface of the processed strip, and soil aggregates - to recognize the ing position (EN, patent No. 2160524 C1 IPC⁷F 01 D 91/02, 31/08. The method of extraction of rhizomes soboliferous weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice, and the machine for its implementation (Avhad, Amilda (RU). - Application No. 99113191/13; Claimed 25.06.1999; Publ. 20.12.2000, bull. No. 35).

The described method, we adopted as naiblizhajshee analogue, extracts the 15...20% of the root mass on the surface of the processed strip, and the remaining roots and rhizomes of licorice distributed in the layer 0,45-0,65 m For harvesting roots require energy-consuming machine. Soil and soil subjected to repeated treatment. This leads to erosion processes, soil layer is subjected to drying and rhizomes of licorice lose their landing.

Also known machine for the extraction of rhizomes soboliferous weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice that contains a frame, a plow, a separator and a rotor, in which the blade is made U-shaped, and the separator is U-shaped with inclined lifts and is located behind the ploughshare, and provided with a drive rotor has teeth with fringing on the working faces (RU, patent No. 2 160524 C1 IPC⁷A 01 D 91/02, 31/00. The method of extraction of rhizomes soboliferous weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice, and the machine for its implementation / Avhad and Amilda (RU). - Application No. 99113191/13; Claimed 25.06.1999; Publ. 20.12.2000; bull. No. 35).

the disadvantages described machine is that that rotor is not ensured complete removal of roots and rhizomes of licorice. Cut the roots remain in the soil and on the surface of the strip. It interferes with reclamation processing of the strip. Ultimately this leads to drying of the soil and of the soil. The remaining substandard rhizomes of licorice lose their planting quality. To complete the process requires a tractor of the class pull 5 or 6 with a capacity of 300-400 kW. This leads in General to high energy consumption and high cost licorice raw materials.

The invention

Task to be solved by the claimed invention is directed, is to reduce the cost of licorice raw materials.

The technical result is to increase the degree of extraction of the root mass licorice, reduced energy costs, excluding the risk of erosion, improvement of conditions of pobegoobrazuyuschaya.

This technical result and effect of the implementation of the method is achieved in that in the known method of extracting the root mass globalmarketing weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice, including preliminary plowing rhizome layer deep without turnover and deformation of the cutting layer preferably plescripshon U-shaped working body and separation of the soil with the release of the rhizomes and roots in the second passage on the previous track is th by raising the cut seam inclined lifts and periodic bumps raised seam from the bottom up by the teeth of the rotating rotor and piling the roots and rhizomes of licorice on the surface of the processed strip, and soil aggregates in the original position, according to the invention, the treated band width of 1.9-2.2 m prepared by milling the top layer of the soil to a depth of 0,03-0,06 m, with one edge of the tilled strips are cut the soil layer width 1.1-1.3 m at a depth of 0.45-0.65 m, when lifting undercut formation and deformation karastergiou layer sephirot on small and large soil aggregates and root mass, extracted and separated the roots and rhizomes are placed on the remaining part of the treated strip, simultaneously, the cut surface of the reservoir is returned to its original position by the soil aggregates rolled down.

This technical result of the implementation of technical means is achieved by the fact that in the known machine to extract the root mass globalmarketing weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice that contains a frame, a separator with inclined lifts and located behind them is equipped with a drive rotor having teeth with fringing at the working faces, according to the invention, it has hosted over the rotor vibrating screen and tray for laying on the side of the roots and rhizomes of licorice, while mounted on the cross beam of the frame, each lift is on the lower area of the bit, and the frontal face lift is planar with different angles of inclination to Gori is the Ontario; equipped with a drive vibrating screen kinematically associated with gear drive rotor and the tractor PTO.

Due to separate technological operations reduced the energy intensity of the process of extracting the roots and rhizomes of licorice, the subsequent laying of the root mass licorice on the surface profesionalni strip soil provides intensive drying and simplifies the processes of mechanized harvesting, and the vibrating screen is achieved by the complete removal of the roots and rhizomes to the surface of the strip. Reclamation by rolling the upper soil layer prevents erosion and provides conditions for intensive development of remaining in the soil licorice roots.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a transverse vertical section of the strip after cutting aboveground mass Solodkova Association and milling the top layer of the soil together with subsistence parts licorice root.

Figure 2 shows schematically the process of pre-ploughing rhizome layer deep without turnover and deformation of the cutting layer preferably plescripshon U-shaped working body, transverse-vertical section.

Figure 3 - cross section a-a in figure 2, the process of raising karastergiou formation of the trenches, the deformation of the soil, the selection of the rhizomes and roots of licorice on the second pass on to the more previous longitudinal-vertical section.

Figure 4 - a view B in figure 2, the process of trimming the seam width “b” on the surface profesionalni strip width, rise of the reservoir above the bottom of the ditch, the deformation of the reservoir and removing the roots, stacking of the rhizomes and roots on the surface of the remaining profesionalni strip and the subsequent compaction of the soil horizons in the ditch.

Figure 5 - cross section b-b In figure 3, soil compaction and soil in the ditch by rolling the top layer.

Figure 6 shows a device for pre-ploughing rhizome layer deep without turnover and deformation of the cutting layer plescripshon U-shaped body work, type in the plan.

Figure 7 is the same, front view.

On Fig schematically shows a machine for extracting the roots and rhizomes of licorice, type in the plan.

Figure 9 is the same, left side view.

Figure 10 - cross section G-g of figure 9, a transverse vertical section of the vibrating screen and tray for stacking the root mass licorice on the surface profesionalni strip.

Figure 11 - cross section d-D on Fig, a longitudinal vertical section of the working body for lifting cut karastergiou layer over the bottom of the ditch, side view.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

In Solodkova Association with productivity not less than 10 t/ha of raw roots and Kornev the g licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) harvested aboveground mass as roughage (hay or chopped and spread on the surface of the beveled strip in the form of ground cutting a length of 50-100 mm Next to remove from the roots and rhizomes of licorice subsistence parts and aboveground residues conduct milling the top layer to a depth of a₁within 0,03-0,06 m Lane 1 width B equal to the 1.9-2.2 m, cook milling the top layer combined soil cutters CPK-2.0 with G-shaped knives at operating speeds of 0.54-0.75 km/H. the Method of extraction of the root mass globalmarketing weeds, mainly roots, rhizomes, includes a preliminary plowing layer 2 deep without turnover and deformation of the cutting layer 3 preferably plescripshon U-shaped body work. The separation of the soil from the reservoir 3 with the release of the roots and rhizomes are the second passage on the previous track by raising clipped layer 3 inclined lifts and periodic bumps raised layer 3 above the bottom of the trench 4 from the bottom up by the teeth of the rotating rotor and piling roots and rhizomes 5 licorice on the surface of the processed strip 1, and soil aggregates and soil to its original position (see Fig.1-5).

From one end of the processed strip 1 cut layer 3 soil width b equal to 1.1-1.3 m, a depth of a₂equal to 0,45-0,65 m When lifting clipped layer 3 and its deformation karastergiou layer intensively sephirot combined working bodies in small and large soil aggregates 6 and Kornev the th mass (roots and rhizomes 5). Extracted and separate the roots and rhizomes are placed on the left without additional processing part of the treated strip 1 in the width (B-b). Simultaneously, the surface 7 is undercut layer 3 is returned to its original position by the soil aggregates 6 rolled down water-filled roller 3 VCG-1,4 or sections ringed-using a large diameter spur rink CCS-6A. As drying roots and rhizomes 5 licorice from the surface of the strip 1 by mechanized remove the root mass as licorice raw materials. For three or four days lying rhizomes 5 on the surface of the strip 1, the relative humidity is reduced from 44.7% to 22-26%. Selected a lot in the future, sorted, dried and pressed into bales weighing 60-80 kg at a moisture content of 9-14%.

Due to the fact that of the layer 3 soil extract up to 85-90% of the root mass of licorice from a depth of up to 0.65 m, its installation on the strip 1, drying and mechanized collection from the surface of the strip 1, is achieved by reducing the cost of licorice raw materials to 18-19 RUB/kg at the market price 22-24 RUB/kg at a moisture content of 14-17%.

Preliminary plowing rhizome layer 2 spend tillage tool (see Fig.6 and 7), containing frame 8, the hinge brackets 9, 10 and 11, wheels 12 rack 13 and U-shaped postoraiusi working body 14. The uprights 13 of the wheels 12 changes the position of the frame 8 and the working body 14 relative to the surface of the strip 1, dobilas is it cutting at a depth of 0,45-0,65 m

Machine to extract rhizomes soboliferous weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice contains a frame 15, a separator with inclined lifts 16 and located them with the drive rotor 17(see Fig and 9).

The frame 15 is made of welded construction. The frame 15 has a hinge brackets 18, 19, 20 and the longitudinal beams 21 and 22. U-shaped portion 23 of the frame 15 has a supporting wheels 24 rack 25.

Inclined lifts 16 are mounted on the longitudinal beams 21 and 22 of the frame 15 by means of transverse beams 26. Each lift 16 is on the lower area of the bit 27. The front face 28 of the lift 16 is planar with a minimum width of 20 mm with different angles of inclination to the horizon. Bit 27 is set at an angle α₁to the horizon equal to 30-35°. The lower part of the Elevator 16 has an angle of inclination α₂to the horizon within 18...25°. The upper part of the lift 16 is located at an angle α₃to the horizon, not exceeding 30° (see 11). This is achieved by entering the reservoir 3 to the rotor 17.

The rotor 17 has teeth 29. The teeth 29 on the working faces have edges that minimize damage to the cork and bast layers of roots and rhizomes of licorice.

The machine is equipped with placed behind the rotor 17 of the vibrating screen 30 and the tray 31 for laying on the side of the frame 15 of the extracted roots and rhizomes of licorice.

Vibrating screen 30 through the four hinges is connected with the longitudinal beams 21 and 22 of the frame 15. Equipped with a drive vibrating screen 30 is kinematically connected with the gear 32 of the drive rotor 17 and the gears 33 and 34 mounted PTO tractor-class traction 3.

The rear part of the beams 21 and 22 of the frame 15 by bearings in the housings associated with the roller 35 (see figure 4 and 5). As rink 35 use a cylinder filled with liquid ballast.

Tractor PTO with gear 34 is connected telescopic cardan shaft (see Fig). The gears 33 and 32 placed on the left longitudinal beam 21. The gears 34, 33 and 32 are mutually connected by means of shafts 37 and 38 and the chain coupling 39. The crankshaft 40 is also located on the left longitudinal beam 21, and a chain coupling 41 is connected with the gear 32. The crankshaft 40 rods 42 and 43 is connected with the bottom 44 of the vibrating screen 30. Vibrating screen 30 is installed at an angle β to the horizontal in a transverse vertical plane (figure 10).

The tray 31 provides a gathering roots and rhizomes of licorice on the surface of the strip 1.

Machine to extract the root mass globalmarketing weeds, including the roots and rhizomes of licorice and other herbs, is as follows.

Brackets 18-20 rods all systems connected to a tractor of the class traction 3. Tractor PTO associated with telescopic cardan shaft 36. When the rotational speed of the tractor PTO 9^-1the rotor 17 makes 270 rpm, and the vibrating screen 30 performs oscillatory movement is tion with the frequency of the 18 ^-1.

The tractor with the machine in the working position is moved along the surface of the strip 1, sedla previously cut karastergiou layer 3. Bit 27 of inclined lifts separator 16 are moved along the bottom of the trench 4. Cut the layer 3 inclined lifts 16 rises above the bottom of the ditch and slides over the front faces 28 in the direction of the teeth 29 of the rotating rotor 17. The teeth 29 of the rotor 17, the layer is deformed into large clods and small soil aggregates 6. Due to the shock teeth 29 of the rotor 17 first, the soil, and then the upper layer is deposited on the bottom of the trench 4. Clods, roots and rhizomes 5 licorice with rotor 17 is received on the surface of the vibrating screen 30. Due to the directional vibrations of the vibrating screen 30, the roots and rhizomes 5 licorice move up and come to the tray 31. From the surface of the tray 31, the roots and rhizomes 5 licorice slide on the surface of the strip 1. Clods and lumps of soil, roll down the surface of the tray 31 in the gutter 4. 7 surface soil soil aggregates 6 compacted by the roller 35. After three to five days depending on weather conditions from the surface of the strip 1 mechanized removed by the root mass. In this case, the stubble does not preclude selection of the root mass licorice.

The combination of the rotor 17 and the vibrating screen 30 provides the most complete extraction of roots and rhizomes 5 licorice with minimum energy consumption.

Compacted the e soil in the ditch 4 excludes the processes of water and wind erosion, and provides the rooting of the remaining 5 rhizomes of licorice.

1. The method of extraction of the root mass globalmarketing weeds, mainly roots and rhizomes of licorice, including preliminary plowing rhizome layer deep without turnover and deformation of the cutting layer preferably plescripshon U-shaped working body and separation of the soil with the release of the rhizomes and roots in the second passage on the previous track by raising undercut formation of the inclined lifts and periodic bumps raised seam from the bottom up by the teeth of the rotating rotor and piling the roots and rhizomes of licorice on the surface of the processed strip, and soil aggregates and soil - initial position, characterized in that the treated band width of 1.9-2.2 m prepared by milling the top layer of the soil at a depth of 0,03-0,06 m, with one edge of the tilled strips are cut the soil layer width 1.1-1.3 m at a depth of 0.45-0.65 m, when lifting undercut formation and deformation karastergiou layer sephirot on small and large soil aggregates and root mass, extracted and separated the roots and rhizomes are placed on the remaining part of the treated strip, simultaneously, the cut surface of the reservoir is returned to its original position by the soil aggregates rolled down.

2. Machine to extract the root mass globalmarketing weeds, advantage is the result of the roots and rhizomes of licorice, containing a frame, a separator with inclined lifts and located behind them is equipped with a drive rotor having teeth with fringing at the working faces, characterized in that it is provided is placed behind the rotor vibrating screen and tray for stacking the side frame of the roots and rhizomes of licorice, while mounted on the cross beam of the frame, each lift is on the lower area of the bit, and the frontal face lift is planar with different angles of inclination to the horizon.

3. Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a drive vibrating screen kinematically associated with gear drive rotor and the tractor PTO.