Method and apparatus for extraction of deep-rootage medicinal plants, including licorice, growing on abandoned, dried out hard and stony soil

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cutting surface layer of soil and forming narrow slits to 60-70 cm depth; during slitting, forming water-accumulating channels of different depth and supplying water therein at flow rate of 5-25 l/s; on expiration of 2-3 days, providing digging and extracting rootages. Apparatus has frame mounted on supporting wheels and provided with vertical knives. One knife is positioned in mid portion of frame. Two other knives are positioned at ends of additional beams. Each of vertical knives is made flat, with concave curvilinear cutting edge and chisel at lower end. Soil deforming device with gauged heads is positioned at rear cut of knives. Heads are communicated with pull-type vessel via channels formed in knives bodies and via flexible hoses. Water is supplied from vessel via gauged heads into vertical channels and water-accumulating channels. During 2-3 days water moistens and softens soil to allow simplified extraction of rootages.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in extracting of plant rootages with minimal mechanical damage thereto.

6 cl, 5 dwg

The invention relates to agriculture and the agricultural industry, in particular to a method for cleaning of licorice roots growing on niedobitek - dried hard and stony soils, and to a device for cutting connecterra layers of soil.

There is a method of cleaning licorice root, including the accumulation of terrestrial plants, cutting the surface layer with root tails and Karabash, podkapyvanii and removing the roots from the soil, according to the invention the cutting of the surface layer with root tails and Karabash produce a soil cutter frezowanie stubble and roots to a depth of 5-6 cm, and after removing the roots from the layer 0-60 cm pagkapanalo layer produce re-circulation of the upper horizon at a depth of 20-25 cm, with subsequent selection of the root in the upper layer 0-40 cm by hand picking and combing (RU, patent No. 2116718 C1 IPC⁶A 01 D 91/02. The method of harvesting the roots of the licorice /Amilda, Avellano, Iti (RU). - Application No. 97111661/13; claimed 10.07.1997; publ. 10.08.1998, bull. No. 22 // the Invention. - 1998, bull. No. 22).

The disadvantages of this method of extraction of roots is double the turnover of soil layer and soil. In the South of the Russian Federation is bound by deflation, desertification and wind erosion of soil. Field studies of the area licorice and quantify productivity in di is orstudy thickets showed that niedobitek dry hard and stony soil reserves of crude conditioned roots reach from 60 to 80 t/ha For comparison - in the floodplains of the rivers don and Volga greatest root mass riparian ecotype licorice is only 20-30 t/ha wet roots.

There is also known a method of harvesting the roots of plants, mainly licorice containing cutting the upper part of the roots, podkapyvanii and retrieval of conditioned their fractions of land, according to the invention to trim the upper part of the roots perform milling strip the top soil horizon in continuous motion at a depth of 5-6 cm (RU, patent No. 2116023 C1 IPC⁶A 01 D 91/02. The method of harvesting the roots of plants /Amilda, Avellano, Iti (RU). - Application No. 97111482/13; claimed 10.07.1997; publ. 20.07.1998, bull. No. 21 // the Invention. - 1998, bull. No. 21).

Removal of non-commodity parts with the roots and rhizomes of licorice milling the top layer of the soil with stubble background is a progressive direction in solving production licorice raw materials in conditions of sharply continental climate of the South of Russia.

A known method of harvesting the roots of plants, mainly liquorice growing in natural thickets containing cutting the upper part of the roots and Karabash, podkapyvanii and retrieval of conditioned fractions of the earth, according to the invention natural thickets malt and divided into strips with age dominants at intervals of two to three years, as for the age of the dominant groups thickets licorice older than seven years will determine the centers of maternal roots, which are marked with reference points, partially shoots, the size of the bushes and the height of vegetative shoots determine the habitat and distribution of the root system at the age of three to five to seven years and equidistant to the benchmarks milestones are fixing the boundaries at the age of two to three years, while competing wild plants in Association with their roots in the bands with dominant age three to five years is cut heavy harrows with cut-out disks on the depth of Karabash, applying for new korneobrazovateley lesions horizontal roots, Solodkova group with age the dominant one-two years competitors are removed by milling soil in a width of 2 m to a depth of 2-3 cm with the stems and roots of plants and create clogging areas of joint sowing germinated and without scarification of seeds licorice in the ratio of 1:1 based 2200000-250000 PCs/ha (2 kg/ha), cleaning the roots perform band disposable pottapalayam and removing conditional factions in the age of the dominant older than seven, five and three years, production produced after every two years, thus clogging areas to leave under the reserves; followed by mowing and removing conditional roots perform p the sowing of perennial grasses with seed rate 29-25 kg/ha (EN, patent No. 2120725 C1 IPC⁶A 01 D 91/02. The method of harvesting the roots of plants, mainly licorice grown in its natural Bush /Amilda, Avellano, Iti (RU). - Application No. 97111483/13; claimed 10.07.1997; publ. 27.10.1998, Bulletin No. 30 // the Invention. - 1998, bull. No. 30).

The described method of harvesting the roots of medicinal plants, in particular of licorice, has proven itself in the steppe and meadow soils on depressing arrays and free from stones wild thickets.

There is also known a method of harvesting the roots of plants, mainly licorice grown in flooded floodplains along small creeks and taloga containing cutting the upper part of the roots and rhizomes to remove Karabash, podkapyvanii and retrieval of conditioned their fractions of soil, according to the invention the cleaning of the roots perform strips and place them between the raw areas with natural grass, while cleaning strips is performed under an angle to the direction of the current of water at the flood; the width of the removed strip refers to the width of the untreated zone 1:1-3; a preferred value for the angle between the direction of the current of the water and remove the strips is in the range of 30-60° (RU, patent No. 2123251 C1 IPC⁶A 01 D 91/02. The method of harvesting plants, mainly licorice grown in flooded floodplains along small creeks and taloga. /Ipili, Amaldev, Vframe (EN) - Application No. 97121361/13; claimed 23.12.1997; publ. 20.12.1998, bull. No. 35//the Invention. - 1998, bull. No. 35).

Describes how to implement when soil moisture and soil in karastergiou the horizon not lower than 12-18% on nepessing or sandy loam soils. In all other soil zones with decreasing soil moisture up to a level of 10-16% of the hardness of the soil layer reaches 60-80 KTS/cm². Cutting karastergiou layer with a hardness of soil leads to mechanical damage in the form of crushing and splitting of the roots and rhizomes of licorice. The degree of damage to the roots reaches 55-69% of the total mass extracted roots. Raw material does not meet the requirements of GOST 22839-E.

There is also known a method of harvesting of licorice roots, including mowing ground shoots and stems of related plant associations of the natural vegetation, cutting of the surface layer with root tails and Karabash, podkapyvanii and removing roots and separation karastergiou soil in the ditch, according to the invention, when the continuous movement of the cutting surface soil with root tails and Karabash carried out by milling to a depth of 0.015-0,035 m, podkapyvanii karastergiou formation - mainly along the perimeter of a rectangle with sides of 0.4×1.1 m at a depth of 80-90% of the biological root mass, removing tons of the commodity roots of the cut karastergiou layer carry out strikes from the bottom up from the ditch of the seam, and separation karastergiou soil layer in the drain - source location genetic horizons.

Machine for the production of licorice roots, containing frame and successively installed on it spurs the working body that retrieves the working body and the actuator, according to the invention is equipped with disc blades, an auxiliary frame and knife drum with drive, with knife pulley is located between the spurs and retrieves the working bodies; knife drum and its drive system are mounted on an additional frame; a knife drum is equipped with telescopic racks placed to be movable in the cylindrical hollow racks additional frame and additionally connected by screw mechanisms; the knife drive reel is placed in the cavity of one of the mates: telescopic front of the drum is cylindrical hour additional frame; drive knife drum is made in the form of a drive shaft with an asterisk under the profile of the toothed chain, a closed path with the leading and the trailing branches of the toothed chain and covered by the contour of the driven sprocket on the spline axle knife drum; knife drum and retrieves the working body are mounted sequentially on an additional frame; spurs work the body has a horizontal knife with removable blade on front h the STI and shifted back from removable blades inclined lifts the horizontal knife frame associated counters and cutting edges on the front side; a frame pivotally connected with the auxiliary frame and connected with the hydraulic actuator for translating the additional frame in the working and transport position; extracting a working body in the form of a rotor with teeth and with his drive, which is installed in a secondary frame; a rotor drive made consistent placement in the kinematic chain of bevel gears and a connecting shaft, mutually connected chain couplings; drives the knife drum and retrieves the working body for extra frame located outside the working area of the rotor disc knives and spurs screed posted on the frame arms, with a rotary blade and boom stands are placed sequentially in longitudinal vertical planes (RU, patent No. 2123250 C1 IPC⁶A 01 D 25/02, 91/02. The method of harvesting the roots of licorice and machine for its implementation. /Ipili, Amilda, (EN) - Application No. 121360/13; claimed 23.12.1997; publ. 20.12.1998, bull. No. 35 // the Invention. - 1998, bull. No. 35).

Described machine performs satisfactorily described method when soil moisture and soil not below 20-24%. In the major areas of industrial production in the period of mass harvesting of licorice root soil moisture and soil is reduced to 10-12% in floodplain soils. The number of damaged the roots to 10 times artouste.

There is also known a method of harvesting Solodkova thickets and device for its implementation. In the method of harvesting Solodkova vegetation, including cutting the surface layer of the soil with root tails and Karabash, podkapyvanii and removing the roots and rhizomes, according to the invention in Solodkova thickets define the contours of the external borders of that age are divided into groups at intervals of three to four years, moving from the outer boundary to the inner, and then determine the centers of maternal roots and bushes hang two symmetrically offset from the centers thickets equidistant line passes for cutting a narrow vertical slits of a width not exceeding 2 cm and a depth of 60-70 cm, and the spacing between the slits in the groups with less age is reduced from 2 to 1.4 m, and podkapyvanii and removing the roots and rhizomes produced after two or three years.

In the device for cleaning Solodkova thickets containing frame, hitch, wheels and rack-knives, according to the invention the frame is provided with an additional beams installed in the cavity of the frame, and brackets for installation of the racks of knives, one of which is placed on the middle of the frame, and the other two at the ends of the additional beams, with each of the racks of knives are flat with a concave-curved cutting edge on the front and a pull-out bit at the bottom is eating the end of the segment; additional beam is kinematically connected to the frame of the opposed set of power cylinders (RU, patent No. 2116719 C1 IPC⁶A 01 D 91/02, 25/02. The method of harvesting Solodkova thickets and device for its implementation /Amilda, Avellano, Iti (RU). - Application No. 97111672/13; claimed 10.07.1997; publ. 10.08.1998, bull. No. 22 // the Invention. - 1998, bull. No. 22).

The disadvantages of this method applied to solve our problem is to obtain the final product: raw material in the form of roots and rhizomes of licorice and other medicinal plants - will take years. Obtaining quality raw materials using the bottom of the device is possible with the heavy rains, which made the cracks are routed to a depth of 0.6-0.7 m, But it depends on the weather, and in the period of mass harvesting - as a rule - they are very rare. Increase videogamemusic soil can be achieved by the fact that at crafts narrow slits at the same time they longline perform water-holding channels.

Attracts solved our problem cultivator of the soil that contains vertically mounted knife, on the lateral surfaces of which are made deformers, according to the invention Ripper is equipped with a chisel in the form of a sliding rod on the lower edge and means for fixing the knife bit and deformers, this knife is made of two connected between the second plates with dihedral blades on the sides, the cutting edges which are aligned and installed with different angles of inclination to the axis of the bit. Deformers knife contain passive and elastic parts. Passive part on the lateral surfaces of the plates is formed by a hollow ellipsoid of rotation, the elastic part is connected by means of fastening threaded plugs with plugs on one end and paired with the holes on the back of the knife through the axis, and on the other, or with branches cylindrical tension springs, or springs of equal resistance, or oblique extension spring, and the diameter of the springs prevails over the largest diameter of the cross-section passive deformator (RU, patent No. 2113081 C1 IPC⁶A 01 13/16 In. The cultivator of the soil. /Amilda, Wppainol (RU). - Application No. 96120023/13; claimed 09.10.1996; publ. 20.06.1998, bull. No. 17 // the Invention. - 1998, bull. No. 17).

The disadvantages of this Ripper is that when carrying out process at the same time cannot be filed in karastergiou dried horizon water to moisten the soil layer and soil.

The invention consists in the following.

The problem to which the invention is directed, industrial production globalmarketing medicinal plants, including the roots of the licorice growing on niedobitek, dry hard and stony soils.

Technical R is the result - improving the quality licorice raw materials, increased productivity, lower energy process.

This technical result in the implementation of the invention is achieved in that in the known method of extracting globalmarketing medicinal herbs, including licorice, growing on niedobitek, dry hard and stony soils, including the cutting of the surface layer with root tails and Karabash, crafts narrow slits at a depth of 60-70 cm, podkapyvanii and removing the roots and rhizomes, according to the invention when the hack cracks form floating odonatoptera channels and serves them in water with a flow rate of from 5 to 25 l/s, and after two or three days to spend podkapyvanii and extraction of roots.

The claimed method implement an extraction device globalmarketing medicinal plants containing frame, hitch, wheels and vertical knives, one of which is placed on the middle of the frame, and the other two at the ends of the additional beams, with each of the vertical knives are flat with a concave curved cutting edge on the front, a bit on the low end and deformers soil on the back slice, each of which is formed a hollow problemcode rotation. According to the invention the device is equipped with a driving pump, gidravlicheskiy is associated with the trailer capacity, and flexible sleeves with vertical blades, each of which cavities deformers soil placed calibrated nozzles connected through channels in the body of the knife with a flexible sleeve; the frame is supplied trailer earring for swivel with drawbar trailer capacity; calibrated nozzle is made removable with water 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 l/s; the lower part of the channel in the body of the knife has a drain plug 23; nozzle cavities deformers soil vertical knives are linked by transitional threaded bushes.

Due to the supply pressure of the water in odonatoptera channels in the gaps in karastergiou the reservoir is an increase in humidity, the lower the hardness of the soil, and as a consequence this is achieved by reducing energy consumption for podkapyvanii and removing the root mass, increasing productivity and improving the quality of medicinal licorice raw materials.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

1 shows a device for cleaning Solodkova thickets, side view.

Figure 2 - the same kind in the plan.

Figure 3 is a view As in figure 2, the vertical knife, left side view.

Figure 4 - cross section b-B in figure 3, a horizontal section of the deformator soil.

Figure 5 - cross section b-b In figure 4, a vertical section of the deformator soil, calibrated nozzle, a threaded sleeve and a channel in the body of the knife.

The light is to be placed, confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention are as follows.

The invention is in part a way to retrieve globcorine medicinal plants, including the roots of the licorice growing on niedobitek, dry hard and stony soils, includes a sequential execution of the following technological operations: cutting the surface layer of the soil with root tails and Karabash; crafts narrow slits at a depth of 60-70 cm; podkapyvanii and removing the roots and rhizomes. Cutting the surface layer of the soil and Karabash conduct soil cutter FBN to 2.0 at a depth of 3-6 see the Width of the treated band - 2 PM This is achieved by removing the non-tradable part of the root mass licorice and create a mulch layer of soil, crop and plant residues. Podkapyvanii and removing the roots and rhizomes of medicinal plants carried out by the machine for extraction of licorice roots with the brand MDK-1,1 held extensive field testing and production validation in the farms of the Volgograd and Astrakhan oblasts, the Republic of Kalmykia, Stavropol. When the hack cracks form floating odonatoptera channels. These channels under the working pressure 0.5-0.8mpa water is supplied with a flow rate of from 5 to 25 l/C. the Amount of water per 1 m width of the processed strip served with regard to the type of humidity p is CVI. After two-three days soil moisture and soil in karastergiou layer is aligned and reaches values of 20-24%, which is optimal for the extraction of the root mass of the processed array. Podkapyvanii and removing the rhizomes are at operating speeds of 3.6-5.4 km/h

Device for cleaning Solodkova thickets (see figure 1 and 2) includes a frame 1, sample 2, the wheels (due to the popularity of sites not shown) and vertical knives 3, 4, 5. Vertical knife 3 is placed on the middle of the frame 1. Vertical blades 4 and 5 are mounted on the ends of the additional beams 6 and 7. The frame 1 may be borrowed with a mounted cultivator - training KPG-2-150, having wide circulation in parts of the South of the Russian Federation. Each of the vertical blades 3-5 is planar (see figure 3 and 4) with concave-curved cutting edge 8 on the front side and the bit 9 to the lower end of the section 10 of the knife. On the mounting portion 11 of the knife 3 (4, 5) with holes 12 for connection with the frame beams 1 and 6, 7 by means of pairs of bolts M32×150. On the back of the slicer 13 vertical knife 3 (4, 5) made deformers soil 14, 15 and 16. Each of deformers soil 14, 15 and 16 formed hollow problemcode of rotation 17 and 18 (see figure 4 and 5). Vertical knife 3 (4, 5) made of left and right side walls 19 and 20. The sidewalls 19, 20 are made in the mirror image. With the available surfaces of the side walls 19 and 20 is made by resistance welding. On the mating surfaces of the side walls 19 and 20 are made grooves 21 (see figure 3-5), which together form a channel 22. Deformers soil 14, 15 and 16 are formed by local heating of sheet metal on the side walls 19 and 20 and the landing portion of the metal plug under pressure and matrix press equipment.

The device is equipped with drive pump 24 mounted on the frame 1 (see figure 1 and 2). The pump 24 is hydraulically connected with the trailer with a capacity of 25 and a flexible sleeve 26, 27, 28 with a vertical knife 3-5. Each vertical knife 3 (4, 5) in the cavities of deformers 14, 15 and 16 soil placed calibrated nozzles 29 (see figure 4 and 5). Calibrated nozzles 29 are made interchangeable with flow rates of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 l/s Nozzle 29 in cavities deformers 14, 15, 16 knives 3, 4 and 5 are connected by transitional threaded bushing 30, the channels 22 and sleeve 26, 27 and 28 with the pump 24. The pump 24 receives the drive from the tractor PTO 31 when the rotational speed of 9 c^-1(540 rpm)or 17 (c^-1(1040 rpm) through a telescopic cardan shaft with hinges gook.

Frame 1 are connected by rods 32, 33 and 34 with the tractor 31 through my fingers and sample 2. The frame 1 is equipped with a trailer earring 35′ for hinged connection with the drawbar 36 towed the vessel 25. Trailer capacity 25 has a two-way valve 37. Sleeves 27 and 28 are connected with the knives 3, 4, 5 through acorn nuts screwed on the nipple 38 (see figure 3).

The mustache is a device for cleaning Solodkova thickets works as follows.

The survey tracts Budinski, Swan, Zagnoni, Shigeta, Soldier-steppe in the Volgograd region, as well as areas along the gas and oil pipelines Volgograd and Astrakhan regions, in the Republic of Kalmykia, Stavropol territory, the Republic of Dagestan showed the highest productivity of root mass licorice. The diameter of licorice roots varies from 7 to 55...63 mm With each of your plots 1×1×0.7 m were dug from 22 to 86 kg crude conditioned roots. However, in the period of mass digging roots soil moisture decreases in the layer 0...70 cm up to 10-12%, and the hardness of the layers 10 cm increases accordingly 27; 32,6; 38,4; 46,2; 52,1; 62,4 and 71.3 kgf/cm². Production of roots and rhizomes of licorice available cars in July, August and early September is becoming unprofitable as energy and as raw material due to mechanical damage to roots. On selected sites to determine the direction of movement of the harvesting units to prepare the soil and cutting and extraction of licorice roots. Taking into account the initial moisture content, depth of undermining and hardness of the soil calculation to determine the number of racks - vertical knives 3, 4, 5, and mounted on them calibrated nozzles 29. Next trailer capacity 25 fill with water. Licorice bushes usually grow with a slight removal from natural waters. It places the m water ride tanks on trucks or tractor trolleys.

When moving the unit rods 33, 34, 35 frame 1 is transferred to the working position. Vertical knives their bits 9 penetrate into the root layer of soil. Cutting edge 8 of each knife 3 (4, 5) karastergiou layer is cut vertically and forms a narrow slit of a width of 2-3 cm Simultaneously with the cutting edge 8 are in operation and deformers soil 14-16 and vertical slits are floating odonatoptera channels. The number of knives 3, 4, 5, simultaneously mounted on the frame 1 and the beams 6 and 7, is determined taking into account the hardness and permeability of the soil. Vertical knives 3, 4, 5 on the frame 1 is placed with mutual destruction 0,5...0,8 m When the tractor PTO 31 and open valve 37 water from the towed vessel 25 through the sleeves 26, 27 and 28 comes first in the nipple 38, and then into the channels 22. Channel 22 of each knife 3 (4, 5) water under pressure enters the threaded sleeve 30, and then in a calibrated nozzle 29. Nozzles 29 water is distributed in odonatoptera channels and cracks. At the end of each collective mechanic puts the valve 27 in the locked position, and the tractor PTO 31 turns off. After the hinge rotation, cleaning unit makes another stroke.

Submitted water in cracks and odonatoptera channels under the action of gravitational forces and soil capillaries for two or three days in a layer of 0.6-0.7 at a bandwidth of 1.5-1.8 m is Brazul humidified circuit with soil moisture and soil not below 18-22%.

On the left the tractor 31 through two or three days moving cleaning unit including a tractor T-150K and machine MDK-1,1. They cut the soil layer, crumble, and the roots and rhizomes of licorice extracts on the surface of the strip with the smallest mechanical damage.

Moist layer of soil horizon 0...0.7 m significantly reduces the tractive resistance of the machine MDK-1,1, increases the quantity and quality of the extracted roots and rhizomes of licorice.

Thus the described method and device for its implementation ensure the achievement of a technical problem.

1. How to retrieve globalmarketing medicinal herbs, including licorice, growing on niedobitek, dry hard and stony soils, including cutting the surface layer of the soil with root tails and Karabash, crafts narrow slits at a depth of 60-70 cm, podkapyvanii and removing rhizomes, characterized in that when the hack cracks form floating odonatoptera channels and serves them in water with a flow rate of 5 - 25 l/s, and after two or three days produce podkapyvanii and extraction of roots.

2. The extraction device globalmarketing medicinal plants containing frame, hitch, wheels and vertical knives, one of which is placed on the middle of the frame, and the other two - to the persons additional beams, each of the vertical knives are flat with a concave curved cutting edge on the front, a bit on the low end and deformers soil on the back slice, each of which is formed a hollow prelipceanu rotation, characterized in that it is equipped with drive pump, hydraulically connected with the trailer capacity, and flexible hoses with vertical blades, each of which cavities deformers soil placed calibrated nozzles connected through channels in the body of the knife with a flexible sleeve.

3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the frame is equipped with a trailer earring for swivel with drawbar trailer capacity.

4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the calibrated nozzle is made removable with water 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 l/C.

5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the lower part of the channel in the body of each of the vertical knife has a drain plug.

6. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the nozzle in the cavity deformers soil vertical knives are linked by transitional threaded bushes.