Ammonium nitrate based gas-generating composition |
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IPC classes for russian patent Ammonium nitrate based gas-generating composition (RU 2444505):
 Pyrotechnic particles of large sizes, method of their obtaining, and use / 2437867
Proposed pyrotechnic particles include at least one oxidising component chosen from ammonium, potassium, sodium, barium, strontium nitrates, the main copper nitrate, ammonium, potassium and sodium perchlorates, and their mixtures, at least one reducing component chosen from nitroguanidine, guanidine nitrate and their mixtures and is not included in binding agent; at that, particles essentially have the shape of cylindrical blocks with thickness of more than 5 mm, with equivalent diameter equal to 10 mm or more, and with porosity in the range of 1% to 8%, including boundary values. Particles can be obtained in compliance with the proposed method.
Composite solid propellant / 2430902
Composite solid propellant based on ammonium perchlorate contains polyvinyl isoprene rubber with terminal epoxy groups, polybutadiene rubber with terminal carboxyl groups, aniline, para-aminobenzoic acid, metallic fuel - dispersed aluminium, curing agent - zinc stearate, plasticiser - mixture of polyvinyl isoprene rubber, di-(2-ethylhexyl)- sebacate and tributyl phosphate, combustion modifier - OSF product, where the ratio of polyvinyl isoprene rubber with terminal epoxy groups to polybutadiene rubber with terminal carboxyl groups is equal to 0.9 mol (5.0…7.1 wt %) to 0.11…0.2 mol (0.54…1.1 wt %).
Gas generating composition / 2425821
Gas generating composition contains the following, wt %: ammonium nitrate 50.0-70.0, poly-N-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole 4.8-8.0, zinc oxide 1.0-2.0, nitraminopropionitrile 16.7-27.3, 2,4-dinitro-2,4-diazapentane 7.2-11.6, diphenylamine 0.3-1.0.
 Ammonium nitrate based solid-fuel gas-generating composition / 2423339
Invention relates to gas-generating techniques, particularly to high-energy solid-fuel gas-generating compositions and can be used in different fire-extinguishing systems based on gas-generators, standalone systems for lifting sunken objects, airbags in cars and oil well stimulation systems. The solid-fuel gas-generating composition contains an oxidising agent, fuel-binder and an energy additive. The oxidising agent used is GV ammonium nitrate, the fuel-binder used is methylpolyvinyl tetrazole and the energy additive used is nitraminopropionitrile, with the content of components in wt %: 60-70 GV ammonium nitrate, 5-20 methylpolyvinyl tetrazole, 20-25 itraminopropionitrile.
Method of producing high-filled solid rocket propellant of ballistic type / 2412925
Invention relates to rocketry. Proposed method comprises mixing propellant components in aqueous medium, squeezing, rolling, drying and charge moulding in moulds. Note here that propellant chips produced in squeezing, are retuned in amount of 5…15% of processed bulk into squeezer for reuse, which adds to efficiency and safety.
 Method to produce composite solid propellant / 2407728
Method is realised in mixing plant, consisting of preliminary, upper and lower mixers. Initially excess of liquid-viscous components is dosed into preliminary mixer, including mixing in upper mixer. Then mixing is simultaneously started in preliminary mixer, and liquid-viscous and powdery components are synchronously dosed in amount of 20-40% of upper mixer charge volume. Afterwards dosing and mixing in preliminary mixer are stopped, and components are mixed in upper mixer for 5-10 minutes. Ratio of components mix in upper mixer is corrected by lacking amount of powdery components. Corrected mixture of components is mixed in upper mixer for 10-25 minutes, and synchronous dosing of liquid-viscous and powdery components is restored and mixed serially in preliminary, upper and lower mixers of mixing plant.
 Gas-generating fuel for downhole apparatus / 2401254
Gas-generating fuel contains an oxidising agent and fuel. According to the invention, the oxidising agent is ammonium perchlorate and the fuel is a metallic fuel in form of aluminium and a thermoplastic fuel in form of a chlorine-containing thermoplastic polymer or its mixture with a chlorine-containing low-molecular weight compound in ratio of 1:0.1-1:2, with the following ratio of components, wt %: oxidising agent -50.0-79.0, thermoplastic fuel 20.0-40.0, metallic fuel 1.0-10.0. The chlorine-containing thermoplastic polymer is chlorinated polyethylene or polyvinylchloride or chlorinated polyvinylchloride or chlorosulphonated polyethylene. The chlorine-containing low-molecular weight compound is chlorinated paraffin wax or methyl chloroform, or tetrachloroethane or perchloroethylene or dichlorobenzene or hexachloro-p-xylene. The fuel also contains a process additive - calcium or zinc stearate in amount of 0.05-1.0 wt %.
 Gas-generating fuel for downhole apparatus / 2401253
Gas-generating fuel contains an oxidising agent and fuel. The oxidising agent is ammonium perchlorate and the fuel is a thermoplastic fuel in form of a chlorine-containing thermoplastic polymer or its mixture with a chlorine-containing low-molecular weight compound in ratio of 1:0.1-1:2, with the following ratio of components, wt %: oxidising agent 60.0-80.0, thermoplastic fuel 20.0-40.0. The chlorine-containing thermoplastic polymer is chlorinated polyethylene or polyvinylchloride or chlorinated polyvinylchloride or chlorosulphonated polyethylene. The chlorine-containing low-molecular weight compound is chlorinated paraffin wax or methyl chloroform, or tetrachloroethane or perchloroethylene or dichlorobenzene or hexachloro-p-xylene. The fuel also contains a process additive - calcium or zinc stearate in amount of 0.05-1.0 wt %.
 Gas-generating fuel for downhole apparatus / 2395482
Invention relates to solid gas-generating solid fuels. The gas-generating fuel for downhole apparatus contains ammonium perchlorate as an oxidising agent, synthetic hydrocarbon rubber which is plasticised with hydrocarbon oil in mass ratio of 1:1…1:5 as fuel, aluminium, process additives, a vulcanising agent and ammonium chloride as a gas-generating additive.
Method of making mixed solid fuel charge / 2395479
Invention relates to technology of making charges from mixed solid fuel. The method of making a mixed solid fuel charge involves grinding, fractionation and mixing different fractions of an oxidising agent, preparation of a mixture of binder with metallic fuel and additives, preparation of a mixture of hardener components and preparation of a fuel mixture, moulding, polymerisation, pressing and flaw detection of the charge. At the step for preparing a mixture of binder with metallic fuel and additives, rubber - oligomer polyvinyl isoprene urethane with terminal epoxy groups is divided into two portions. One portion of the rubber and a polymer chain extension - aniline is used to prepare a semi-finished product and is mixed with the second portion of the rubber and components of the mixture of binder with additives.
Ammonium nitrate based solid-fuel gas-generating composition / 2423339
Invention relates to gas-generating techniques, particularly to high-energy solid-fuel gas-generating compositions and can be used in different fire-extinguishing systems based on gas-generators, standalone systems for lifting sunken objects, airbags in cars and oil well stimulation systems. The solid-fuel gas-generating composition contains an oxidising agent, fuel-binder and an energy additive. The oxidising agent used is GV ammonium nitrate, the fuel-binder used is methylpolyvinyl tetrazole and the energy additive used is nitraminopropionitrile, with the content of components in wt %: 60-70 GV ammonium nitrate, 5-20 methylpolyvinyl tetrazole, 20-25 itraminopropionitrile.
 Solid fuel low-temperature gas-generating composition / 2393140
Invention relates to solid fuel gas-generating compositions. The solid fuel low-temperature gas-generating composition contains ZV ammonium nitrate, guanylurea dinitramide and methylpolyvinyltetrazole.
High-explosive composition / 2315026
High-explosive composition for equipping ammunitions through pouring contains ceresin (fusible base), hexogen, aluminum, and granulated ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrate with 19-18% potassium nitrate with granule size 1-4 mm. Ceresin utilized may have dropping temperature 70-85°C.
Industrial explosive composition (options) / 2262499
Invention relates to industrial explosive compositions employed when performing blasting operation on the earth surface of open-pit mines and open-cast mines at temperatures from -50°C to +50°C. In the first embodiment of invention, industrial explosive composition comprises hexogen with particle size less than 0.7 mm, liquid petroleum product with kinematic viscosity below 2400 mm2/s as measured at 20°C and/or coal powder, and dense granulated ammonium nitrate and/or porous granulated ammonium nitrate. Moisture content of composition is below 1.8% (in excess of 100%). Another embodiment provides composition comprising hexogen with particle size less than 0.7 mm, trotyl and/or dinitronaphthelene, liquid petroleum product and dense granulated ammonium nitrate and/or porous granulated ammonium nitrate, moisture content being 1.8% (in excess of 100%).
 Explosive mixture (variants) and a method for manufacture thereof (variants) / 2253646
Invention relates to explosive mixtures used as blast-hole and mine charges in mining industry. According to first variant, explosive mixture includes inorganic oxidant, in particular ammonium nitrate or mixture thereof with calcium and/or sodium, and/or potassium nitrate; nonexplosive liquid combustible substance: liquid petroleum derivative or coal or vegetable oils, or mixture of nonexplosive liquid combustible substance with nonexplosive solid combustible substance such as wood processing products and/or solid combustible fossils in powdered form; content of nonexplosive solid and liquid combustible substances being computed in terms of special formulae. According to second variant, explosive mixture contains urea in addition to above-listed components of mixture according to the first variant.
Casting explosive composition / 2248958
Claimed composition contains ceresin as fuse base, ammonium nitrate in form of 1-5 mm grains, and hexogen in specific ratio. Invention relates to manufacturing of casting explosive composition useful both in producing of industrial explosive charges and explosive armament charges.
 Slurry explosive composition / 2243200
The invention relates to the field of slurry explosives on the basis of gel solutions of oxidizing agents, sensitised powders and explosives
 Explosive composition / 2237645
The invention relates to the field of aqueous industrial explosives on the basis of gel solutions of oxidizing agents, sensitised explosives
 The phlegmatizer explosives, explosive (options) and the method of its manufacture / 2235708
The invention relates to newtonain explosives (EXPLOSIVES)
 Powder explosive composition and method of its manufacture / 2226522
The invention relates to a powder keg of explosive compositions based on disposable smokeless gunpowder, explosives type RDX and HMX
Casting explosive composition / 2248958
Claimed composition contains ceresin as fuse base, ammonium nitrate in form of 1-5 mm grains, and hexogen in specific ratio. Invention relates to manufacturing of casting explosive composition useful both in producing of industrial explosive charges and explosive armament charges.
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FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to gas-generating compositions and can be used in different gas-generator based fire-extinguishing systems, autonomous systems for raising drowned objects, car airbags and oil well stimulation systems to obtain selective gases. The disclosed gas-generating composition contains grade ZV ammonium nitrate, guanylurea dinitramide, dicarbollyl complex of iron and fuel-binder based on methylpolyvinyltetrazole and plasticised eutectic dinitrazapentane with 1,2,4-nitrotriazole. EFFECT: invention provides low content of condensed combustion products in generated gases, high rate of combustion and gas output and shorter ignition delay. 1 tbl
The invention relates to the field of gas-generating compositions and can be used in various fire extinguishing systems-based generators, independent lifting of sunken objects, airbags vehicles, systems of intensification of oil production, to obtain selective gases. Known for a number of gas-generating compounds [1-3, 5, 6, 8-11], which are characterized by high getpointatlength and burning rate. The main disadvantage of some known compounds, for example [1, 2], is the presence of a metal fuel, which when burned, results in the formation of the condensed products of combustion and requires filtering the resulting gases with the corresponding introduction of additional elements into the design of the gas generator. The composition contains ammonium perchlorate (PHA), resulting in products of combustion of toxic chlorine compounds. Furthermore, the presence of PHA in the solid gas-generating composition is the cause of high temperature gases generated, which limits its scope. If the gas-generating composition [3] hydride aluminum substantially increases the sensitivity of the gas-generating composition to mechanical stress and thereby increases the risk of such composition [4]. This is jus the m a disadvantage. In addition, the presence of a hydride of aluminium, used as a metal fuel, leads to the undesirable appearance of a large number of condensed combustion products in the composition of the generated gas. Such gas-generating composition is characterized by low getpointatlength. The main disadvantage of the known gas-generating compounds [5, 6] is the presence in their composition of explosives (HMX, RDX)that translates data gas-generating compositions in the class of hazardous and significantly narrows the scope of their application [4]. In addition, the gas-generating compounds [5, 6] used ammonium nitrate stabilized with oxides of transition metals (Nickel, copper, zinc), characterized by low stability of physico-chemical properties, due to the formation of highly sensitive complex compounds [7]. Known gas-generating composition [8], the main disadvantage is the presence of chlorine compounds - ammonium chloride, used as a cooler. The presence of ammonium chloride in the composition of the gas-generating composition leads to the appearance of toxic compounds in the combustion products. In addition, this compound is used ammonium nitrate, stable nitrate complexes, characterized by low stability of physico-chemical properties as a catalyst in the composition of the soot, which leads to an increase of condensed compounds in the combustion products. The main disadvantages of gas-generating composition [9] on the basis of inert fuel-binders are low burning rate and high content of condensed compounds in the combustion products, which generally leads to a low parameter and low speed emissions. And having a large amount of the condensed products of combustion leads to the necessity to solve the problem of filtering the generated gases. In addition, for the application of this composition it is necessary to solve the problem of poor Flammability. Known gas-forming composition [10], containing the powder of aluminum as the metal fuel. This leads to the formation of condensed combustion products generated in gases. The gas-generating composition contains PHA and explosives (HMX), which is the reason for the presence of toxic chlorine compounds in the combustion products and the high sensitivity of the composition to mechanical stress. In addition, the composition of [10] is used vasodepressive ammonium nitrate, which leads to instability of physico-chemical properties of the composition as a whole. The gas-generating composition [11] contains the active fuel-binder (based nitroethanol and tetrazoles polymer), HMX, perchlorate, ammo the Oia and aluminium powder. Its major drawback is the use of vasodepressive ammonium nitrate, which violates the stability of physico-chemical properties of the composition as a whole. The presence of HMX and active fuel-binder-based nitroethanol increases the sensitivity of the composition, translating this gas-generating composition in the class of hazardous and narrowing the scope of its application. The presence in the composition of the ammonium perchlorate leads to the presence of toxic chlorine compounds in the generated gases, and the presence of metal fuel to the formation of a large number of condensed compounds in the combustion products. Thus, the known solid gas-generating compositions are characterized by a high content of condensed combustion products generated in gases, instability of the physico-chemical properties of the oxidant, high temperature products of combustion, the presence of toxic chlorine compounds (HCl, and others) in the combustion products, low getpointatlength, high sensitivity to mechanical impact, low burning rate, which significantly limits their functionality and applications. Closest to the proposed technical solution is the low-temperature solid gas-generating composition [prototype, 12]. As oxidant COI the box is used ammonium nitrate mark WW, as fuel - dinitramide ganymedian, as fuel-binder - metropolitanisation that the combustion of the composition leads to the formation of condensed combustion products (soot). This, in turn, leads to the necessity to solve the problem of filtering gases generated by the introduction of additional structural elements in the design of the gas generator. In addition, the formation of condensed products of combustion during combustion of the composition leads to a low parameter of the composition. High content of ammonium nitrate (60-70 wt.%) results during combustion of the composition to the formation of a continuous layer of a melt of ammonium nitrate on the surface of the burning that is causing a slow burning composition. This is also the reason for the large delay time of ignition of the composition, especially at low pressures. The proposed solution is aimed at eliminating the disadvantages of the prototype and the creation of a gas-generating composition capable while maintaining the low temperature combustion, stability, physicochemical properties, absence of toxic chlorine compounds in the generated gases, low sensitivity to mechanical stress, to have achieved a significant decrease in the content of condensed combustion products generated in gases, increase azoproizvodnye the activity and rate of combustion, reducing the delay time of ignition. The technical result is expressed in a significant decrease in the content of condensed combustion products generated in gases, increasing the parameter and the speed of combustion, reducing the delay time of ignition (see table). In the proposed gas-generating composition as oxidant is ammonium nitrate mark WW, as a fuel-binder is used metropolitanisation (MPWT), plasticized eutectics of dinitrosobenzene with 1,2,4-nitrotriazole, as fuel - dinitramide ganymedian, as catalyst - dicarbollyl the iron complex in the following ratio, wt.%:
The contents of the fuel-binder selected from the calculation provided what I needed level of technological and physico-mechanical characteristics of the gas-generating composition. The presence of ammonium nitrate stamps WW and dinitramide ganymedian due to the high getpointatlength, low sensitivity to mechanical stress, lack of chlorine compounds in the products of decomposition and combustion, high stability physico-chemical properties. The variation ratio of the ammonium nitrate/dinitramide ganymedian in the proposed boundaries allows to regulate the rate of burning and parameter in a wide range of values.
The table shows that the composition compared to the prototype [12] is characterized by a smaller number of condensed compounds in the combustion products, more getpointatlength and burning speeds, less time ignition delay when implementing a similar level of temperature of the generated gas, toxic chlorine compounds, parameters sensitivity to mechanical stress, stability physico-chemical properties of ammonium nitrate, determining the stability properties of the composition as a whole. A distinctive feature of the proposed gas-generating composition is used for the first time in the composition of the gas-generating compositions dicarbollide complex of iron, and the use of first fuel-binder-based metroliikenteesta, plasticized eutectics of dinitrosobenzene with 1,2,4-nitrotriazole. A significant decrease in the content of condensed combustion products in SOS the Ave of the generated gases is provided by the characteristics of combustion and thermal decomposition of the proposed composition, namely, the presence in the composition of the fuel-binder eutectic of dinitrosobenzene with 1,2,4-nitrotriazole, resulting in the intensification of the combustion process and the shift in the balance between the formation of condensed and gaseous products of combustion in the direction of the latter. The shift of balance towards the formation of gaseous products of combustion, in turn, leads to a substantial increase in the parameter structure. Use as catalyst dicarbollide complex iron leads to enhanced decomposition of a continuous layer of a melt of ammonium nitrate on the surface of the burning structure. This, in turn, leads to an increase in the rate of decomposition processes of sublimation of the other components to increase the speed of combustion and reduce the delay time of ignition of the composition. High efficiency dicarbollyl of iron complex as catalyst due to its dissolution in the melt of ammonium nitrate, and its introduction in the amount of 2 wt.% in part due to the optimal parameters of the combustion gas-generating composition at the same content of the catalyst. Reducing the delay time of ignition is provided by the presence of a catalyst and the composition of the fuel-binder. The layout of the fuel-binder provides additional heat in the condensed phase at t is mperature interval decomposition of ammonium nitrate, which leads to the intensification of chemical reactions in the surface layer and decrease the delay time of ignition. In addition, decomposition of fuel-binders are the oxidation of the elements that is the reason for reducing the delay time of ignition and growth rate of combustion of the composition. The combination of the above components has allowed to solve a technical problem in a significant reduction in the number of condensed combustion products, increase the speed of combustion and parameter, reducing the delay time of ignition due to the presence in the composition of the fuel-binder-based metroliikenteesta, plasticized eutectics of dinitrosobenzene with 1,2,4-nitrotriazole, and use as a catalyst dicarbollide complex of iron (see table). To test the effectiveness of the proposed structure were experimental laboratory studies, which confirmed the high efficiency of the proposed structure in comparison with analogues and prototype. References 1. U.S. patent No. 4084992 from 18.04.1978, 2. U.S. patent No. 7335270 from 22.11.2002, 3. RF patent №2335484 dated 30.10.2006, 4. Kubota N. Propellants and Explosives: Thermochemical Aspects of Combustion. - New York: Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2002. - 310 p. 5. U.S. patent No. 5596168 from 29.09.1995, 6. U.S. patent No. 5589661 from 29.09.1995, 7. Audrieth, L.F., M.L. Schmidt Fused "Onium" Salts as Acids. I. Ractions in Fused Ammonium Nitrate // Procedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1934. No. 4. - P.221-225. 8. U.S. patent No. 6231702 15.05.2001, 9. RF patent №2363691 from 06.11.2007, 10. U.S. patent No. 4158583 from 19.06.1979, 11. U.S. patent No. 6682615 from 02.03.2003, 12. RF patent №2393140 from 18.06.2009 The gas-generating composition on the basis of ammonium nitrate, used as oxidant, including fuel-binder and fuel, characterized in that it further contains a catalyst - dicarbollyl complex of iron, as a fuel-binder - metropolitanisation, plasticized eutectics of dinitrosobenzene with 1,2,4-nitrotriazole at the following content, wt.%:
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