Explosive composition

(57) Abstract:

The invention relates to the field of aqueous industrial explosives on the basis of gel solutions of oxidizing agents, sensitised explosives. Proposed slurry explosive composition containing an explosive substance in the form of powder or granules, in which the size of the particles does not exceed 2 mm, at the same time as the explosive is RDX or HMX, or phlegmatized RDX or HMX, or a mixture of phlegmatized RDX and aluminum, or an alloy of RDX, TNT and aluminum, or an alloy of RDX and TNT, ammonium nitrate, organic fuel, the thickening agent is a polyacrylamide, a crosslinking agent is aluminum sulfate or ferric iron sulfate, water and water-soluble nitrate salts of the metals or their mixture. The invention is aimed at improving the detonation ability, explosion energy and health slurry explosive composition. 3 C.p. f-crystals, 1 table.

The invention relates to the field of aqueous industrial explosives on the basis of gel solutions of oxidizing agents, sensitised explosives, and can be epollsocketcode: explosives, for example TNT, RDX, PETN, or smokeless powder 2-50%, ammonium nitrate 15-80%, nitrates of alkali metals 0-25%, urea 1-15%, sodium chloride 1-15%, thickener 0.05 to 2%, of a crosslinking agent is 0.01 to 0.5%, the rest is water. The disadvantage of this composition is low detonation ability and the use of inert additives that reduce the energy of the explosion.

Known slurry explosive composition [2], taken as a prototype, containing: an explosive sensitizer, including crushed powder, fuel, explosives, or their mixture 5,0-50,0%, inorganic oxidizer 80,0-35,0%, cryogenic additive is a mixture of glycol, potassium nitrate and calcium in the amount of 0.5 to 6.0%, thickener 0,5-5,0%, a crosslinking agent is 0.01-0.5%, and the curing catalyst of 0.5-2.0%, water - the rest.

A significant drawback of this composition are low detonation ability, explosion energy and performance compared to the currently used industrial explosives, high sanitary and environmental hazard of explosion products, containing in its composition is extremely dangerous compounds, chromium and lead hazard class 1 according to GOST 12.007 - 76 (maximum allowable concentration in the air of working zone 0,01 0,00 and but permissible concentration in the air of working zone of 0.5 mg/m³according to GOST 12.005 - 88) used in the composition as cross-linking agents and non-explosive sensitizing agents. Sanitary and environmental regulations preclude the use of this explosive composition as industrial explosives in surface and underground mining. Note that median lethal concentration of chromium compounds and lead in air is less than 500 mg/cubic meter and, for example, in the explosion of one kilogram of the composition into the air career will be thrown in the composition of the products of the explosion at least 600-1200 mg/ cubic m chromium compounds or lead in the form of fine spray that will lead to infection to the level of the MPC 60 to 120 thousand cubic meters of air and can lead to professional and cancer of the working staff of the mining enterprise.

Used in slurry explosive composition TNT in fine condition in quantities of up to 20% ineffective as an explosive substance. According to GOST 19433 - 85, Annex 2, table 29, No. N 1356 mixture of TNT/water 70/30 unable to detonation and thus in the aqueous compositions of fine TNT may not be an effective sensitizer detonation processes.

The purpose of this his explosive composition and technology of its production while ensuring the safety of its use.

The problem is solved by the fact that slurry explosive composition includes an explosive substance in the form of powder or granules - RDX or HMX, or phlegmatized RDX or HMX, or a mixture of phlegmatized RDX and aluminum, or an alloy of RDX, TNT and aluminum or an alloy of RDX and TNT, while the particle size of explosives does not exceed 2 mm, ammonium nitrate, water-soluble nitrate salts of the metals or their mixture, organic fuel, the thickening agent is polyacrylamide, water, and a crosslinking agent, which is used as aluminium sulphate or ferric iron sulfate in the following components, wt.%:

RDX, or HMX, or

Phlegmatized RDX,

or HMX, or mixture

phlegmatized RDX

and aluminum, or an alloy of RDX,

TNT and aluminum, or an alloy

RDX and TNT 15-75

Water-soluble nitrate salts of metals or a mixture of 1-5

Organic fuel 1-6

Polyacrylamide 0,15-0,5

Water 6-12

Aluminum sulfate or iron ferric sulfate 0.01 and 0.1

Ammonium nitrate Else

When e is whether mineral oil, or their mixture, and as the nitrate salts of the metals used sodium nitrate or potassium nitrate or calcium nitrate.

The invention consists in that to increase the detonation ability in the composition containing RDX or HMX explosive in the form of powder or granules in the amount of 15-75 wt.%. To improve the processability in the composition can be injected liquid organic fuel in an amount up to 5 wt.%, and to achieve high performance in the composition is a granular ammonium nitrate to 60 wt.%. The introduction of the urea and water-soluble nitrate salts of the metals or their mixtures increases their resistance, detonation characteristics and reduces the amount of harmful gases in the products of the explosion. Sanitary and environmental safety explosive composition is achieved by using as a crosslinking agent of aluminium sulphate or ferric sulphate of iron. While in the solid products of the explosion are aluminum oxide or iron oxide (respectively 4 and 3 hazard classes according to GOST 12.007 - 76, the maximum allowable concentration in the air of working zone 6 and 4 mg/m³according to GOST 12.005 - 88) that does not exceed the ASO is with EQS 2-4 mg/m³).

Tests showed that when the content of 35% ammonium nitrate and 35% explosives in powder form, the rest is a gel-like solution of the oxidizing agents, the composition stably detonates from the primer detonator No. 8 in thin polymer membranes with a diameter of 36 mm, with a decrease in the content of explosives up to 15 wt.% the stable composition detonates from the intermediate detonator mass of 200 g, the charges in the polymer shell with a diameter of 60 mm Using the composition as explosives mixtures of aluminum with cyclonite or RDX and TNT significantly increases the energy of the explosion. In all trials the detonation was full.

A method of manufacturing explosive composition is as follows.

In the measured amount of water while heating and stirring, poured the required amount of ammonium nitrate, urea, polyacrylamide and nitrate salts of the metals or their mixture. The mixture is stirred until complete dissolution of the components.

The obtained gel-like mass fill a container with crushed explosives and the resulting mass is thoroughly mixed in the mixer. Injected into the mixture the required amount of granulated ammonium nitrate and Shiva nitrate.

Examples of the proposed structure and its basic properties in comparison with the prototype shown in the table.

As can be seen from table, the proposed slurry explosive composition has a high detonation ability, health and environmental safety of products of explosion. The explosion safety of the technological process of production and application is provided by eliminating dusting and electrification of explosives when they phlegmatization aqueous solutions of electrolytes at the initial stage of izgotovlenie.

Sources of information

1. U.S. patent No. 3321344, CL 06 IN 1/04 (NCI 149-56).

2. RF patent № 2176632, class C 06 In 25/00.

1. Slurry explosive composition containing the explosive, ammonium nitrate, thickening agent, a crosslinking agent and water, characterized in that it contains a water-soluble nitrate salts of the metals or their mixture, an organic fuel, an explosive substance in the form of powder or granules, in which the size of the particles does not exceed 2 mm, the explosive substances it contains RDX, or HMX, or phlegmatized RDX, or HMX, or a mixture of phlegmatized RDX and aluminum, or an alloy hexaae agent aluminium sulphate or ferric iron sulfate in the following ratio, wt.%:

RDX, or HMX, or

Phlegmatized RDX,

or HMX, or mixture

phlegmatized RDX

and aluminum, or an alloy of RDX,

TNT and aluminum,or an alloy

RDX and TNT 15-75

Water-soluble nitrate salts of metals

or a mixture of 1-5

Organic fuel 1-6

Polyacrylamide 0,15-0,5

Aluminium sulphate or ferric

iron sulfate 0.01 and 0.1

Water 6,0-12,0

Ammonium nitrate Else

2. The composition according to p. 1, wherein as the organic fuel it contains urea, or paraffin or ceresin, or holovacs, or mineral oil, or a mixture.

3. Composition under item 1, characterized in that the water-soluble nitrate salts of the metals it contains sodium nitrate, or potassium nitrate or calcium nitrate.

4. Composition under item 1, characterized in that it contains granulated ammonium nitrate in the amount of 0-60 wt.%.