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IPC classes for russian patent Gas generating composition (RU 2425821):
 Ammonium nitrate based solid-fuel gas-generating composition / 2423339
Invention relates to gas-generating techniques, particularly to high-energy solid-fuel gas-generating compositions and can be used in different fire-extinguishing systems based on gas-generators, standalone systems for lifting sunken objects, airbags in cars and oil well stimulation systems. The solid-fuel gas-generating composition contains an oxidising agent, fuel-binder and an energy additive. The oxidising agent used is GV ammonium nitrate, the fuel-binder used is methylpolyvinyl tetrazole and the energy additive used is nitraminopropionitrile, with the content of components in wt %: 60-70 GV ammonium nitrate, 5-20 methylpolyvinyl tetrazole, 20-25 itraminopropionitrile.
Method of producing high-filled solid rocket propellant of ballistic type / 2412925
Invention relates to rocketry. Proposed method comprises mixing propellant components in aqueous medium, squeezing, rolling, drying and charge moulding in moulds. Note here that propellant chips produced in squeezing, are retuned in amount of 5…15% of processed bulk into squeezer for reuse, which adds to efficiency and safety.
 Method to produce composite solid propellant / 2407728
Method is realised in mixing plant, consisting of preliminary, upper and lower mixers. Initially excess of liquid-viscous components is dosed into preliminary mixer, including mixing in upper mixer. Then mixing is simultaneously started in preliminary mixer, and liquid-viscous and powdery components are synchronously dosed in amount of 20-40% of upper mixer charge volume. Afterwards dosing and mixing in preliminary mixer are stopped, and components are mixed in upper mixer for 5-10 minutes. Ratio of components mix in upper mixer is corrected by lacking amount of powdery components. Corrected mixture of components is mixed in upper mixer for 10-25 minutes, and synchronous dosing of liquid-viscous and powdery components is restored and mixed serially in preliminary, upper and lower mixers of mixing plant.
 Gas-generating fuel for downhole apparatus / 2401254
Gas-generating fuel contains an oxidising agent and fuel. According to the invention, the oxidising agent is ammonium perchlorate and the fuel is a metallic fuel in form of aluminium and a thermoplastic fuel in form of a chlorine-containing thermoplastic polymer or its mixture with a chlorine-containing low-molecular weight compound in ratio of 1:0.1-1:2, with the following ratio of components, wt %: oxidising agent -50.0-79.0, thermoplastic fuel 20.0-40.0, metallic fuel 1.0-10.0. The chlorine-containing thermoplastic polymer is chlorinated polyethylene or polyvinylchloride or chlorinated polyvinylchloride or chlorosulphonated polyethylene. The chlorine-containing low-molecular weight compound is chlorinated paraffin wax or methyl chloroform, or tetrachloroethane or perchloroethylene or dichlorobenzene or hexachloro-p-xylene. The fuel also contains a process additive - calcium or zinc stearate in amount of 0.05-1.0 wt %.
 Gas-generating fuel for downhole apparatus / 2401253
Gas-generating fuel contains an oxidising agent and fuel. The oxidising agent is ammonium perchlorate and the fuel is a thermoplastic fuel in form of a chlorine-containing thermoplastic polymer or its mixture with a chlorine-containing low-molecular weight compound in ratio of 1:0.1-1:2, with the following ratio of components, wt %: oxidising agent 60.0-80.0, thermoplastic fuel 20.0-40.0. The chlorine-containing thermoplastic polymer is chlorinated polyethylene or polyvinylchloride or chlorinated polyvinylchloride or chlorosulphonated polyethylene. The chlorine-containing low-molecular weight compound is chlorinated paraffin wax or methyl chloroform, or tetrachloroethane or perchloroethylene or dichlorobenzene or hexachloro-p-xylene. The fuel also contains a process additive - calcium or zinc stearate in amount of 0.05-1.0 wt %.
 Gas-generating fuel for downhole apparatus / 2395482
Invention relates to solid gas-generating solid fuels. The gas-generating fuel for downhole apparatus contains ammonium perchlorate as an oxidising agent, synthetic hydrocarbon rubber which is plasticised with hydrocarbon oil in mass ratio of 1:1…1:5 as fuel, aluminium, process additives, a vulcanising agent and ammonium chloride as a gas-generating additive.
Method of making mixed solid fuel charge / 2395479
Invention relates to technology of making charges from mixed solid fuel. The method of making a mixed solid fuel charge involves grinding, fractionation and mixing different fractions of an oxidising agent, preparation of a mixture of binder with metallic fuel and additives, preparation of a mixture of hardener components and preparation of a fuel mixture, moulding, polymerisation, pressing and flaw detection of the charge. At the step for preparing a mixture of binder with metallic fuel and additives, rubber - oligomer polyvinyl isoprene urethane with terminal epoxy groups is divided into two portions. One portion of the rubber and a polymer chain extension - aniline is used to prepare a semi-finished product and is mixed with the second portion of the rubber and components of the mixture of binder with additives.
Gas-generating composition for producing breathable gas / 2394801
Invention relates to pyrotechnics. The gas-generating composition for producing breathable gas contains silicon as fuel, cellulose nitrate or sodium metasilicate, or magnesium cement as binder, oxidising agent which forms nitrogen in combustion products, in form of nitrates of alkali or alkali-earth metals or their mixture with potassium perchlorate or ammonium perchlorate in ratio which ensures absence of hydrogen chloride in the combustion products.
 Method of making articles from mixed solid rocket fuel / 2394011
Invention relates to technology of making articles from mixed solid rocket fuel. The method of making articles from mixed solid rocket fuel involves moulding articles into a case through pressure moulding of fuel mass on a continuously running installation with auger unloading, holding the moulded articles under pressure during operation of the auger with simultaneous cooling of the fuel mass in the auger by feeding a heat carrier into the housing of the auger, cutting off the fuel mass in the case using a cutter and press curing. Cooling of fuel mass in the auger feeding heat carrier into the housing of the auger begins 3-20 minutes before the end of moulding the article. After ageing of the moulded article, pressure in the case of the article is established in accordance with a mathematical formula by smoothly varying rotational speed of the auger. Further, without changing the rotational speed of the auger, the cutter is closed and after 0.5-1.0 minutes, rotational speed of the auger is smoothly reduced to zero and the auger is switched off. The stroke speed of the piston of the cutter during its closure is preset at a value not greater than 0.15 m/min.
 Solid fuel low-temperature gas-generating composition / 2393140
Invention relates to solid fuel gas-generating compositions. The solid fuel low-temperature gas-generating composition contains ZV ammonium nitrate, guanylurea dinitramide and methylpolyvinyltetrazole.
 Pyrotechnic composition for generation of nitrogen / 2243959
Invention provides pyrotechnic composition for generation of gas nitrogen in pressure source, which composition contains sodium azide, ferric oxide, and titanic oxide.
 Method for destruction of charges of solid propellant / 2245511
The method for destruction of charges of solid propellant or its fragment located in the body of the rocket engine consists in filling of the charge cavities with refrigerant - waterhelium composition based on polyacrylamide and burning up of the charge. The waterhelium composition based on polyacrylamide is prepared by separate introduction of aqueous solutions of the components of the redox system of solidification-potassium bichromte and sodium thiosulfate in equal volume of aqueous solution of polyacrylamide, and the cavities of the charge are filled by synchronous feeding of the obtained volumes through a mixing head, after that solidification is performed.
 Ballistite fuel / 2247700
Invention relates to development of low-temperature gas-generating ballistite solid fuels and discloses a ballistite solid fuel containing nitrocellulose, plasticizer, chemical resistance stabilizer, complex burning rate regulator, burning stabilizer, special additives, plasticizer stabilizer. Fuel is characterized by low temperature of combustion products and high purity of gases, controlled burning rate and its high sensitivity to pressure variations. Fuel is operable within a wide range of pressures and temperatures (223-343 K).
 Gas-generating composition for gas generator (options) and gas generation safety system / 2250207
Invention provides gas-generating composition including tetrazole derivative and alkali metal, alkali-earth metal, or ammonium nitrate, and gas generation safety system. Composition is nontoxic and contains no azides.
 Artillery ballistite / 2253645
Invention provides artillery ballistite with grains having porous structure, which comprises sensitizer: colloxylin and pyroxylin or cyclotetramethylenetetramine; chemical stabilizer: centralite; antistatic: graphite or carbon black; plasticizer: nitroglycerin and diethylene glycol dinitrate; burning modifier: titanium dioxide; burning stabilizer: complex lead-copper salt of phthalic acid; and process additives: industrial oil, zinc stearate.
Solid rocket fuel / 2254315
Invention relates to manufacturing solid rocket fuels operated in a wide temperature range and used in engines with charged strongly attached to body. Fuel contains ammonium perchlorate, powdered aluminum, polydivinyl-isoprene-urethan rubber with terminal epoxide groups, aromatic amine (aniline), curing catalyst, iron-containing burning catalyst, plasticizers, and finely dispersed modified ammonium chlorate with, adsorbed on the surface thereof, methyltrichlorosilane-water reaction product. Rocket fuel is characterized by polymerization time not higher than 30 h at 80°C, burning rate up to 25 mm/s at pressure 100 kg/cm2 and 20°C.
Method of production of pellet powder / 2256636
Proposed method includes preparation of powder lacquer at mixing nitrocellulose ingredients in 4-5 mass parts of water with ethyl acetate, adding emulsifying agent, dispersing lacquer and removing solvent. Used as nitrocellulose ingredients are pyroxiline with ballistic powder or fine-grained pyroxiline powder with ballistic powder or all together: pyroxyline, fine-grained pyroxyline powder and ballistic powder at content of one of nitrocellulose ingredients not exceeding 30 mass-%. Emulsifying agent is added in the amount not exceeding 20-30 mass-% of total amount; dispersion of lacquer is continued for 10-20 min; then, process is discontinued for 10-20 min, after which dispersion is repeated and is continued for 10-20 min at introduction of remaining amount of emulsifying agent; hide glue is used as emulsifying agent. At content of one of nitrocellulose ingredients not exceeding 10 mass-%, dispersion cycle is repeated twice.
 Mixed solid rocket fuel / 2258057
Invention provides mixed solid rocket fuel containing ammonium perchlorate, divinyl-nitrate rubber with carboxylic terminal groups, epoxide resin, plasticizer: dioctyl sebacinate and diethylferrocene, lead oxide as curing agent, lecithin, and hexogen or octogen. Fuel is destined for small-size detonation charges but preserves its operational and productive detonation safety in rockets.
Porous spherical gunpowder manufacture method / 2258688
Spherical gunpowder for hand-guns, e.g. smooth-bore scatter-guns, is manufactured by mixing components in aqueous solution containing up to 3.0% salt for 10-15 min, preparing gunpowder lacquer in ethylacetate, dispersing it in presence of leather glue, distilling off ethylacetate, and drying.
 Method for mixing explosive composition components / 2259982
Method comprises preparing viscous-liquid and powdered components, measuring out viscous-liquid components into mixer, measuring out powdered components into mixer portionwise, and mixing each portion of powdered components with viscous-liquid components, while simultaneously controlling loadings on the drive of mixer agitators. When preparing powdered components, they are packed up by portions according to dispersity of particles, during which operation fine particles are separated from coarse ones. When measuring out powdered components, first coarse-grain component portions and then fine-grain ones are measured out. Final mixing is effected until minimal stable loadings on the drive of mixer agitators as well as stabilization of their value deviations are attained.
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FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: gas generating composition contains the following, wt %: ammonium nitrate 50.0-70.0, poly-N-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole 4.8-8.0, zinc oxide 1.0-2.0, nitraminopropionitrile 16.7-27.3, 2,4-dinitro-2,4-diazapentane 7.2-11.6, diphenylamine 0.3-1.0. EFFECT: gas generating composition has high specific gas output, high level of mechanical characteristics and is more environmentally friendly. 1 tbl
The present invention relates to applied chemistry, namely the low-temperature solid gas-generating composition on tecnove ammonium nitrate designed for generators used in fire fighting facilities to displace and release of fire extinguishing powders, in charge of the rescue boats, rafts, and special shells emergency ascent from the depths of various objects in the emergency gas jacks, tools, emergency overlap and setting up special screens in the shafts in emergency situations, and other fields. The main characteristics of gas-generating compositions, determining the efficiency of generators and, in many cases, the whole system are specific getpointatlength (Ybeats) and the temperature (Tg). The higher Thebeatsand below Tgthe more effective the composition. An important role is also played by the Flammability and toxicity of generated gases and condensed products of combustion, toxicity, fire and explosion hazards of the components and the composition. The possibility of application of the composition also depends on a number of other properties, hygroscopicity, stability, temperature resistance, the width of the temperature range storage and operating, mechanical properties, processability, Flammability and steadily the tee burning. Currently known a number of gazogeneratorami compositions based on ammonium nitrate: patent No. 5591936 (USA), No. 57103775 (Japan), No. 4435524 (Germany), No. 4111728 (USA), patent No. 4632714 (USA). Having high specific getpointatlength (Ybeatsat the level of 900-1100 l/kg) and relatively low temperature of the combustion products (800-2000°C), the composition of this group, however, have significant drawbacks associated with the properties of ammonium nitrate: high hygroscopicity, volatility properties, a narrow temperature range storage and operating, bad flammable and unstable combustion, especially in the region of low pressures and low temperatures. Closest to the proposed invention is pathogeneity composition according to the patent of Russian Federation №2250207 (BIPM No. 11, 2005, s)adopted for the prototype, which contains ammonium nitrate, derived tetrazole and zinc oxide. The test samples of this composition in the gas generator, it was found that when burned it gives on the nozzle exit gas temperature is not above 2288 K. the response Time samples with a height of 40 mm is in the range from 0.8 to 3.0 C. Specific getpointatlength ranged from 492 to 622 l/kg Generated by burning the gas consists of the following gases, % (volumetric): O2- 7,8; H2O - 19,9; N2with 52.0, NaOH - 4,7; CO2- 9,0; CH4to 0.8. Mechanical strength (when sati the samples of the composition is at a level of 40 to 80 kgf/cm 2. However, the composition of the prototype has some significant drawbacks: in the process of technological processing when forming under the action of temperature, composition emits toxic ammonia concentration exceeding the limits concentratie for the air of working zone. The degree of impact on the human body in accordance with GOST 12.1.005-88, the connection is referred to as high-risk substances (2nd hazard class). The use of ventilation in the room with the emission of gases into the atmosphere disturbs the environment and can lead to the poisoning of people in the vicinity of production facilities; - the combustion of the composition produces a large quantity of toxic nitric oxide. In addition, the combustion oxovalerate metal-containing substances in the generated gas contains a large amount of condensed impurities highly toxic halogen compounds and compounds of alkali and/or alkaline earth metals (Harmful substances in industry. V.3. Non-organic and Organoelement compounds. Ed. Navratalova. - Chemistry. - Leningrad branch. - 1977). This creates the danger of poisoning people nearby or in the room where he worked for the gas generator charge of this part; the recipe has a low level of structural features : the tick. This circumstance may lead to the violation of the integrity of charge from this recipe in the hard process, transport or operational impacts that may cause malfunction of the gas generator or even his break. In addition, the low strength of the composition is substantially narrows the range of devices in which the level of other indicators it could be used. The task of the invention is the creation of the formulation of the gas-generating composition on the basis of ammonium nitrate to provide a higher level of mechanical characteristics and does not release its production process toxic nitrogen compounds without compromising the set of basic characteristics. The problem is solved by the proposed formulation of the gas-generating composition, which contains ammonium nitrate, poly-N-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole (MPWT-A), 2,4-dinitro-2,4 diazapentane (DNP), nitramino-propionitrile (NAPS), diphenylamine, zinc oxide in the following ratio, wt.%:
The feature of the proposed formulation is that it additionally contains DNP, NAPS, and as derived tetrazole used MPWT-A. The ammonium nitrate in the inventive formulation is an oxidizer, which provides in combination with fuel self-sustaining combustion of the composition, and simultaneously the gas-forming component, giving a certain amount of gas. Limits on the content of the ammonium nitrate in the composition are determined by the following factors. Decrease its content of less than 50%, with increased content of NAPS, DNP and MPWT-AND leads to unstable combustion, especially in the region of low pressures and low temperatures. The increase in the content of ammonium nitrate over 70%, with a reduced content of NAPS, DNP and MPWT, leads to an increase in the temperature of the generated gas is more than the permissible limit (table). This limit is determined by the sintering temperature fire extinguishing powders. NAPS, DNP and MPUT are in the composition of the fuel-binder. That is, on the one hand, as a binder, these substances provide the technological and mechanical properties of the composition. On the other hand, as the fuel they are about who has in combination with the oxidizer self-sustaining combustion of the composition, in addition, give this process a certain amount of nitrogen. The main purpose of NAPS - the absorption of heat during combustion of the composition to reduce the temperature of the generated gas. An additional feature of this component is to reduce the melting temperature DNP and increase its plasticizing ability to provide the necessary technological properties of the mass composition in the manufacture of its products. When reducing the content of NAPS in the composition of less than 16.7% of the temperature of the generated gas increases significantly with an increase in the content of ammonium nitrate above the claimed limit of the temperature of the gas increases more than the sintering temperature fire extinguishing powders (table). The increase in the content of NAPS in the composition of more than 27.7% leads to deterioration of Flammability and combustion stability of the composition. This is particularly evident while increasing the content of DNP, MPWT-AND in the composition and decrease in the content of ammonium nitrate (table). DNP in the composition of several functions. One of the positive qualities is relatively high content of nitrogen and other gases. In this regard, its main purpose lies in the fact that he is an active gas-forming component, and substantially improve the structure generated during combustion of the gas composition due to led the al content non-toxic nonflammable gas of nitrogen. The other function is that it, as well as NAPS, solar heaters is the combustion of the composition and reduces the temperature of the generated gas. It should be noted that it is significantly less effective than the NAPS solar heaters. The third and main function of DNP is that it is a plasticizer MPWT-AND in the process of mixing the mass and molding products. Its plasticizing capacity is increased in the presence of NAPS and is provided by lowering the melting temperature. The limits for the percentage of diphenylamine in the composition is primarily determined by the limits on the contents of other components. By reducing the content of diphenylamine less than 0.3% significantly reduces the chemical resistance of the composition and increases the gassing during storage charges. The increase in the content of diphenylamine more than 1%, particularly by reducing the content of ammonium nitrate and the increase in the content of NAPS, DNP, MPWT-AND that leads to the cessation of combustion of the composition. Zinc oxide is a hardener MPWT and participates in the formation of the mechanical properties of the composition. The reduction in the content of zinc oxide in the composition is less than the proposed limit of 1% leads to a significant reduction in the strength of the composition (the table). The increase in the content of his more than 2% impractical wid is also that strength is not increasing (that is, there is a saturation of the composition of the curing agent and the excess zinc oxide is not involved in the curing reactions NWT (table)). All components of the proposed gas-generating composition are acceptable technological and operational characteristics, low toxicity, hazardous, have a domestic industrial base and relatively cheap. Technology of preparation of the composition and manufacture of her charges is simple, uses widely used in engineering methods and equipment and includes the following basic operations: preparation of components (including drying of ammonium nitrate, DNP, NAPS, grinding and separation by sieves into the required fractions); mixing the mixture of powdered DNP and NAPS, followed by melting at a temperature of T=308 K components in a desired ratio; the plasticization of the mixture melt DNP and NAPS dry powder MPWT-AND in a desired ratio; a mixture of plasticized MPWT-AND with the required number of diphenylamine, zinc oxide and ammonium nitrate; forming a charge from sample prepared mixture components in tooling or body; curing charges when the temperature: T=333-353 K - 2 to 6 hours is the Optimum time and temperature the temperature depends on the mass of the charge and podbiraut is empirically for each type of charge. The table shows the studied characteristics of the proposed structure with different percentage contents of components, including, and with contents that are outside the claimed range.
All formulations of the claimed composition, as well as formulation of the prototype, not capable of detonation (i.e. hazardous), have very low sensitivity to mechanical impact and electrocore, have high thermal stability (temperature of the beginning of their decomposition over 533 K) and hygroscopic. Comparison of the data given in the table for formulations 2, 3, 4, indicators of the composition of the prototype shows the following: - the response time samples with a height of 40 mm from the claimed composition and the prototype are on the same level; - specific getpointatlength of the proposed structure at 100-200% higher than the prototype; - in generated by the claimed composition of the gas content of toxic carbon monoxide (CO) significantly (1.6-4.0 times) below, and the content of non-toxic inert nitrogen, on the contrary, significantly (3-fold) higher in comparison with the prototype. The difference in the concentrations of other gases is not essential. While in the inventive composition in the generated gas eliminates the possibility of toxic halogen compounds due to the lack of halogenated is asih substances in the inventive composition; - the strength of the proposed structure significantly (1.9-3.5 times higher compared to the prototype; - the concentration of toxic gases in the air of working zone in the manufacture of charges from the claimed composition is equal to zero compared to the prototype. Thus, the formulation of the composition with the specified content limits of the components is optimal and the task of the invention the proposed formulation of the gas-generating composition is fully resolved. Comparative analysis of the inventive gas-generating fuel with the prototype shows that it is instead oxide and/or peroxide zinc nitrate and mixtures of alkali or alkaline earth metal or ammonium and exoglucanases compounds of alkali or alkaline earth metal contains ammonium nitrate granular brand JUG and differs from it in that it as a fuel binder instead of a Novolac phenol-formaldehyde resin comprises nitrogen-containing polymer base MPWT, plasticized fusible mixture of NAPS and DNP, hardening agents ZnO, stabilizer chemical resistance DFA and other content component. Analysis of patent and information literature shows that in the technique known application NWT, plasticized DNP, as a fuel binder in a number of formulations of mixed compositions is also commonly used zinc oxide and DFA. Diphenylamine is used as a stabilizer chemical resistance in a number of formulations ballistic and mixed fuels, and zinc oxide is a known curing agent for many synthetic rubbers (for example: A.F. Nikolaev. Synthetic polymers and plastics based on them. - M. - L.-doctor of Chemistry. - 1966). In addition, it is known the use of NAPS as individual substances as a source of raw materials for the production of other chemical compounds. Comparison of the proposed structure with the known analogues and the prototype shows that in engineering there are no objects with the proposed combination of components. But such a combination allows to solve the problem, namely to create the gas-generating composition on the basis of ammonium nitrate, MPWT, DNP, NAPS, ZnO, DFA, giving when burning is a much better composition of the generated gas and eliminating the possibility of occurrence of these highly toxic phosphorus-containing gaseous compounds that do not emit in the process of toxic gases: phenol and formaldehyde and having a substantially higher level of mechanical properties while maintaining all other properties. The use of the composition in the gas generators in the above-described applications can improve the environment and reduce the risk of poisoning the people released toxic gases into the process in the manufacture of the charges and the operation of the generator in the above-described applications, as well as to improve the reliability of devices based gas-generating compositions and to expand their range by increasing the mechanical properties. Proposed in the application for the invention components are manufactured by the industry and have a reasonable technological and operational properties. The manufacturer of the proposed structure and charge from it can be carried out by known simple technology and experienced passed testing. The charges of the various formulations of the proposed structure were the primary fire tests in model generators. The gas-generating composition comprising ammonium nitrate, derived tetrazole, zinc oxide, characterized in that it further comprises nitrobenzophenone, 2,4-dinitro-2,4-diazapentane, diphenylamine, and as derived tetrazole contains poly-N-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole in the following ratio, wt.%:
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