Ammonium nitrate based solid-fuel gas-generating composition |
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IPC classes for russian patent Ammonium nitrate based solid-fuel gas-generating composition (RU 2423339):
Method of producing high-filled solid rocket propellant of ballistic type / 2412925
Invention relates to rocketry. Proposed method comprises mixing propellant components in aqueous medium, squeezing, rolling, drying and charge moulding in moulds. Note here that propellant chips produced in squeezing, are retuned in amount of 5…15% of processed bulk into squeezer for reuse, which adds to efficiency and safety.
 Method to produce composite solid propellant / 2407728
Method is realised in mixing plant, consisting of preliminary, upper and lower mixers. Initially excess of liquid-viscous components is dosed into preliminary mixer, including mixing in upper mixer. Then mixing is simultaneously started in preliminary mixer, and liquid-viscous and powdery components are synchronously dosed in amount of 20-40% of upper mixer charge volume. Afterwards dosing and mixing in preliminary mixer are stopped, and components are mixed in upper mixer for 5-10 minutes. Ratio of components mix in upper mixer is corrected by lacking amount of powdery components. Corrected mixture of components is mixed in upper mixer for 10-25 minutes, and synchronous dosing of liquid-viscous and powdery components is restored and mixed serially in preliminary, upper and lower mixers of mixing plant.
 Gas-generating fuel for downhole apparatus / 2401254
Gas-generating fuel contains an oxidising agent and fuel. According to the invention, the oxidising agent is ammonium perchlorate and the fuel is a metallic fuel in form of aluminium and a thermoplastic fuel in form of a chlorine-containing thermoplastic polymer or its mixture with a chlorine-containing low-molecular weight compound in ratio of 1:0.1-1:2, with the following ratio of components, wt %: oxidising agent -50.0-79.0, thermoplastic fuel 20.0-40.0, metallic fuel 1.0-10.0. The chlorine-containing thermoplastic polymer is chlorinated polyethylene or polyvinylchloride or chlorinated polyvinylchloride or chlorosulphonated polyethylene. The chlorine-containing low-molecular weight compound is chlorinated paraffin wax or methyl chloroform, or tetrachloroethane or perchloroethylene or dichlorobenzene or hexachloro-p-xylene. The fuel also contains a process additive - calcium or zinc stearate in amount of 0.05-1.0 wt %.
 Gas-generating fuel for downhole apparatus / 2401253
Gas-generating fuel contains an oxidising agent and fuel. The oxidising agent is ammonium perchlorate and the fuel is a thermoplastic fuel in form of a chlorine-containing thermoplastic polymer or its mixture with a chlorine-containing low-molecular weight compound in ratio of 1:0.1-1:2, with the following ratio of components, wt %: oxidising agent 60.0-80.0, thermoplastic fuel 20.0-40.0. The chlorine-containing thermoplastic polymer is chlorinated polyethylene or polyvinylchloride or chlorinated polyvinylchloride or chlorosulphonated polyethylene. The chlorine-containing low-molecular weight compound is chlorinated paraffin wax or methyl chloroform, or tetrachloroethane or perchloroethylene or dichlorobenzene or hexachloro-p-xylene. The fuel also contains a process additive - calcium or zinc stearate in amount of 0.05-1.0 wt %.
 Gas-generating fuel for downhole apparatus / 2395482
Invention relates to solid gas-generating solid fuels. The gas-generating fuel for downhole apparatus contains ammonium perchlorate as an oxidising agent, synthetic hydrocarbon rubber which is plasticised with hydrocarbon oil in mass ratio of 1:1…1:5 as fuel, aluminium, process additives, a vulcanising agent and ammonium chloride as a gas-generating additive.
Method of making mixed solid fuel charge / 2395479
Invention relates to technology of making charges from mixed solid fuel. The method of making a mixed solid fuel charge involves grinding, fractionation and mixing different fractions of an oxidising agent, preparation of a mixture of binder with metallic fuel and additives, preparation of a mixture of hardener components and preparation of a fuel mixture, moulding, polymerisation, pressing and flaw detection of the charge. At the step for preparing a mixture of binder with metallic fuel and additives, rubber - oligomer polyvinyl isoprene urethane with terminal epoxy groups is divided into two portions. One portion of the rubber and a polymer chain extension - aniline is used to prepare a semi-finished product and is mixed with the second portion of the rubber and components of the mixture of binder with additives.
Gas-generating composition for producing breathable gas / 2394801
Invention relates to pyrotechnics. The gas-generating composition for producing breathable gas contains silicon as fuel, cellulose nitrate or sodium metasilicate, or magnesium cement as binder, oxidising agent which forms nitrogen in combustion products, in form of nitrates of alkali or alkali-earth metals or their mixture with potassium perchlorate or ammonium perchlorate in ratio which ensures absence of hydrogen chloride in the combustion products.
 Method of making articles from mixed solid rocket fuel / 2394011
Invention relates to technology of making articles from mixed solid rocket fuel. The method of making articles from mixed solid rocket fuel involves moulding articles into a case through pressure moulding of fuel mass on a continuously running installation with auger unloading, holding the moulded articles under pressure during operation of the auger with simultaneous cooling of the fuel mass in the auger by feeding a heat carrier into the housing of the auger, cutting off the fuel mass in the case using a cutter and press curing. Cooling of fuel mass in the auger feeding heat carrier into the housing of the auger begins 3-20 minutes before the end of moulding the article. After ageing of the moulded article, pressure in the case of the article is established in accordance with a mathematical formula by smoothly varying rotational speed of the auger. Further, without changing the rotational speed of the auger, the cutter is closed and after 0.5-1.0 minutes, rotational speed of the auger is smoothly reduced to zero and the auger is switched off. The stroke speed of the piston of the cutter during its closure is preset at a value not greater than 0.15 m/min.
 Solid fuel low-temperature gas-generating composition / 2393140
Invention relates to solid fuel gas-generating compositions. The solid fuel low-temperature gas-generating composition contains ZV ammonium nitrate, guanylurea dinitramide and methylpolyvinyltetrazole.
 Gas-generating fuel for downhole apparatus / 2393139
Invention relates to gas-generating solid fuels. The gas-generating fuel for downhole apparatus contains ammonium perchlorate as an oxidising agent, synthetic hydrocarbon rubber plasticised with hydrocarbon oil as fuel, lecithin, epoxy resin, ortho-tert-butyl-para-cresol or tertiary butylphenol as a processing additive, paradinitrosobenzene or quinol ether as a curing agent, ammonium chloride as a gas-generating additive. The synthetic hydrocarbon rubber used can be isoprene, butadiene, ethylenepropylene, isoprenedivinyl or butyl rubber and the hydrocarbon oil can be transformer, aviation or industrial oil.
Solid fuel low-temperature gas-generating composition / 2393140
Invention relates to solid fuel gas-generating compositions. The solid fuel low-temperature gas-generating composition contains ZV ammonium nitrate, guanylurea dinitramide and methylpolyvinyltetrazole.
High-explosive composition / 2315026
High-explosive composition for equipping ammunitions through pouring contains ceresin (fusible base), hexogen, aluminum, and granulated ammonium nitrate or ammonium nitrate with 19-18% potassium nitrate with granule size 1-4 mm. Ceresin utilized may have dropping temperature 70-85°C.
Industrial explosive composition (options) / 2262499
Invention relates to industrial explosive compositions employed when performing blasting operation on the earth surface of open-pit mines and open-cast mines at temperatures from -50°C to +50°C. In the first embodiment of invention, industrial explosive composition comprises hexogen with particle size less than 0.7 mm, liquid petroleum product with kinematic viscosity below 2400 mm2/s as measured at 20°C and/or coal powder, and dense granulated ammonium nitrate and/or porous granulated ammonium nitrate. Moisture content of composition is below 1.8% (in excess of 100%). Another embodiment provides composition comprising hexogen with particle size less than 0.7 mm, trotyl and/or dinitronaphthelene, liquid petroleum product and dense granulated ammonium nitrate and/or porous granulated ammonium nitrate, moisture content being 1.8% (in excess of 100%).
 Explosive mixture (variants) and a method for manufacture thereof (variants) / 2253646
Invention relates to explosive mixtures used as blast-hole and mine charges in mining industry. According to first variant, explosive mixture includes inorganic oxidant, in particular ammonium nitrate or mixture thereof with calcium and/or sodium, and/or potassium nitrate; nonexplosive liquid combustible substance: liquid petroleum derivative or coal or vegetable oils, or mixture of nonexplosive liquid combustible substance with nonexplosive solid combustible substance such as wood processing products and/or solid combustible fossils in powdered form; content of nonexplosive solid and liquid combustible substances being computed in terms of special formulae. According to second variant, explosive mixture contains urea in addition to above-listed components of mixture according to the first variant.
Casting explosive composition / 2248958
Claimed composition contains ceresin as fuse base, ammonium nitrate in form of 1-5 mm grains, and hexogen in specific ratio. Invention relates to manufacturing of casting explosive composition useful both in producing of industrial explosive charges and explosive armament charges.
 Slurry explosive composition / 2243200
The invention relates to the field of slurry explosives on the basis of gel solutions of oxidizing agents, sensitised powders and explosives
 Explosive composition / 2237645
The invention relates to the field of aqueous industrial explosives on the basis of gel solutions of oxidizing agents, sensitised explosives
 The phlegmatizer explosives, explosive (options) and the method of its manufacture / 2235708
The invention relates to newtonain explosives (EXPLOSIVES)
 Powder explosive composition and method of its manufacture / 2226522
The invention relates to a powder keg of explosive compositions based on disposable smokeless gunpowder, explosives type RDX and HMX
 Slurry explosive / 2217401
The invention relates to industrial explosives used in the mining, oil, gas and other industries for various complex operations using explosive energy, and can be used for disposal of explosives, rocket and artillery equipment
Casting explosive composition / 2248958
Claimed composition contains ceresin as fuse base, ammonium nitrate in form of 1-5 mm grains, and hexogen in specific ratio. Invention relates to manufacturing of casting explosive composition useful both in producing of industrial explosive charges and explosive armament charges.
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FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to gas-generating techniques, particularly to high-energy solid-fuel gas-generating compositions and can be used in different fire-extinguishing systems based on gas-generators, standalone systems for lifting sunken objects, airbags in cars and oil well stimulation systems. The solid-fuel gas-generating composition contains an oxidising agent, fuel-binder and an energy additive. The oxidising agent used is GV ammonium nitrate, the fuel-binder used is methylpolyvinyl tetrazole and the energy additive used is nitraminopropionitrile, with the content of components in wt %: 60-70 GV ammonium nitrate, 5-20 methylpolyvinyl tetrazole, 20-25 itraminopropionitrile. EFFECT: composition does not contain toxic compounds in combustion products, has low sensitivity to detonation and mechanical action, high gas throughput with low temperature of combustion products, good inflammability of compositions with high rate of their combustion under normal conditions. 1 tbl
The invention relates to the field of gas-generating techniques, namely high-energy solid gas-generating compositions, and can be used in various fire extinguishing systems-based generators, independent lifting of sunken objects, airbags vehicles, systems of intensification of oil production. Known a number of solid gas-generating compositions based on ammonium nitrate () [1, 2, 4, 6], which are characterized by high getpointatlength and burning rate. The disadvantage, for example in [1], is the presence of ammonium perchlorate and HMX, resulting in products of combustion of toxic chlorine compounds, and the presence of HMX as explosives, leads to increased sensitivity to mechanical and chemical influences. Furthermore, the presence of ammonium perchlorate and HMX in the solid gas-generating composition leads to a substantial increase in the temperature of the combustion products, which limits its scope. Known gas-generating composition [2], characterized by the absence of environmentally hazardous compounds in the combustion products. The disadvantage of this composition is the presence of metallic fuel: micro - and nano-powders of aluminum that the ocher is ü leads to a substantial increase in temperature produced gases and the presence in their structure of condensed combustion products. In addition, such gas-generating composition does not ignite and burn at low pressures and for its normal ignition and combustion requires the creation of elevated pressures. In known gas-generating composition as the oxidant used reasonable.germany ammonium nitrate, which leads to a sharp decrease in the period of service of such composition, due to the violation of its integrity during storage [3]. Known gas-generating compositions [4], characterized by low temperature combustion products. The disadvantage is the presence in the composition of the compounds containing chlorine (ammonium chloride), which also leads to the appearance of toxic products of combustion. In this phase stabilization of ammonium nitrate, used in such compositions, achieved using additive metal compounds. This, in turn, as shown in [5] reduces the service life of structures. In addition, ammonium nitrate contains 15 wt.% photostabilizers additives, which leads to a considerable decrease in its oxidation potential. Known gas-forming composition [6], consisting of a hydride of aluminum and potassium perchlorate. Its disadvantage is due to the presence in its composition of the hydride of aluminium, which dramatically increases the explosive composition at all stages of its production and operation. The presence of potassium perchlorate leads to the formation of toxic from the of dinani chlorine in the combustion process, which is also undesirable factor. In the case of mixed oxidant ammonium nitrate/ammonium perchlorate [6] results in the release of toxic chlorine compounds. Such compositions are characterized by unstable ignition and combustion under normal pressure. Thus, the known solid gas-generating compositions are characterized by instability properties as oxidant, high temperature products of combustion, the presence of toxic chlorine compounds (model HC1 and others) in the combustion products, low getpointatlength, high sensitivity to detonation and mechanical stress, low burning rate and low Flammability at low pressures, which significantly limits their functionality and applications. Closest to the proposed technical solution is the gas-generating composition [7, prototype] on the basis of ammonium nitrate, comprising an oxidizer, a fuel-binder and energy Supplement. As oxidant is used photostabilization ammonium nitrate as fuel-binder 5-aminotetrazole. The composition is applied ammonium nitrate, photostabilization potassium nitrate, as shown in [8], leads to instability properties of ammonium nitrate in the plan phase stabilization. This brand NITR is that ammonium does not stand more than 10 cycles of thermal loading and polymorphic transitions in the crystal lattice is restored, what is unacceptable in the compositions of the gas-generating compositions. The presence of 5-aminotetrazole leads to increased sensitivity to mechanical and chemical influences the gas-generating composition and reduces its getpointatlength. It is noted that for stable ignition and combustion of gas-generating composition is necessary to create high pressure, at pressures of the order of atmospheric gas-generating composition implements unstable ignition and combustion fades out. The proposed solution is aimed at creating a solid gas-generating composition capable of, while maintaining the high speed burning, high-level parameter, the sensitivity of the composition to detonation and mechanical stress, lack of toxic compounds in the products of combustion, low temperature combustion products, to ensure good Flammability of the compositions and high speed combustion under normal conditions, it can be used in various generators and crafts, working at low pressures, require high getpointatlength, low temperature combustion products and the absence of toxic compounds in the combustion products. In addition, the proposed solution is characterized by a low case what is sensitive to chemical and mechanical influences. These properties of the proposed technical solutions provided by the use of ammonium nitrate mark WW, nitramino-propionitrile and metroliikenteesta.
The technical result is expressed in the stability properties of ammonium nitrate due to the use of photostabilization ammonium nitrate WW brand, increase the rate of combustion, reducing the delay time of ignition, the increase parameter when the decrease of sensitivity to detonation and mechanical loading and the absence of toxic compounds in the combustion products (see table). The essence of the proposed solution is that as the oxidant used photostabilization ammonium nitrate mark WW, as energy supplements - nitrobenzophenone, as fuel-binder - metropolitanisation. Ammonium nitrate provides a high content of oxidizing chlorine-free compounds in the products of decomposition, characterized by low temperature and is introduced into the gas-generating composition in an amount of 60-70 wt.%, providing optimal conditions for ignition and combustion of the composition. Compositions with less and a high content of ammonium nitrate are characterized by the lack of a stable ignition at low pressures. Put the e nitraminotetrazole and metroliikenteesta provides additional exothermic heat effect in the temperature range of decomposition of ammonium nitrate, which leads to the intensification of the process of combustion of the composition and facilitate ignition. The content of nitraminotetrazole in the amount of 20-25 wt.% is optimal for the implementation of sustainable combustion and ignition of the gas-generating composition, especially at low pressures. Otherwise the content of nitraminotetrazole leads to disruption of the stability of ignition at low pressures. The introduction of metroliikenteesta in the amount of 5-20 wt.% provides the necessary level of mechanical characteristics of the gas-generating composition with regard to the requirements on the content of the other components. The proposed structure allows us to solve the problem of low efficiency of combustion (low burning rate, large energy-and-mass loss in slag formation and agglomeration) due to the intensification of heat in the condensed phase in the temperature interval corresponding to thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate. To test the effectiveness of the proposed structure were experimental bench tests on the Experimental test station FSUE FR & PC Altai, which confirmed the high efficiency of the proposed structure. Sources of information 1. U.S. patent No. 4158583 from 16.12.1977, 2. RF patent №2363691 from 06.11.2007, 3. N. Kubota. Propellants and Explosives: Thermochemical Aspects of Combustion // Wiley-VCH Verlag. 2002. 4. U.S. patent is 6231702 15.05.2001, 5. .Engel. Thermoanalytical Investigation of Stored Ammonium Nitrate Doped with Copper Diammine-(II) // Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics. V.10, p.84-86 (1985). 6. RF patent №2335484 from 10.10.2008, 7. The US patent No. 6475312 from 05.11.2002 how, 8. RF patent №2240283 from 11.08.2003, Solid gas-generating composition on the basis of ammonium nitrate, comprising an oxidizer, a fuel-binder and energy additive, characterized in that the oxidizing agent used ammonium nitrate mark WW, as a fuel-binder - metropolitanisation, as energy supplements - nitrobenzophenone at the following content, wt.%:
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