The phlegmatizer explosives, explosive (options) and the method of its manufacture

(57) Abstract:

The invention relates to newtonain explosives (EXPLOSIVES). According to the invention as phlegmatizer neogoniolithon explosives applied urea. Presents three options neogoniolithon CENTURIES, which consists of individual EXPLOSIVES or gunpowder, or their mixture, liquid fuel, metal fuel, solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, thickener, bulking component, an inorganic oxidizing agent and urea as phlegmatizer. Presents a method of manufacturing neogoniolithon CC of a mixture of a specified number of components, including one or more combustible liquid that is insoluble in the solid combustible, oxidizing agents, individual explosives, thickeners and phlegmatization the unification of the components and their mixing, which use the phlegmatizer, including urea, and by combining the components combine part or a specified number of one or more combustible liquid that is insoluble in the solid fuel into one or more groups with the residue or no residue components, not groups, mix the components in groups,barb neogoniolithon CENTURIES to mechanical stress and increase the security of its manufacture and transportation. 5 N. and 34 C.p. f-crystals, 1 table.

1. The technical field to which the invention relates

The invention relates to the field of mining industry, namely to explosives and, in particular, newtonain explosives, to a method of their manufacture and can be used when conducting blasting operations in quarries.

2. The level of technology

Phlegmatization explosive substances - substances that do not interact with them (VV) in the reaction and reduces the sensitivity of EXPLOSIVES to mechanical stress.

Known phlegmatizing agents (talc, water) [1, 4]. However, they are inert substances and worsen thermodynamic performance of the explosive.

Also known flammable phlegmatizer substances, waxes or oils [1, 4].

These substances are effective for phlegmatization quantities (1-5 wt.%) significantly disrupt the oxygen balance of the substance and also lead to a reduction in the efficiency of CENTURIES.

Known application of urea in the manufacture of EXPLOSIVES as:

- substances that reduce the water content of CENTURIES while maintaining fluidity CENTURIES and increase the energy level ET (11);

- substances which can reduce the content of TNT (10%) iiny No. 45074 from 25.04.2001 - the prototype).

Mentioned explosives include various combinations of components - individual EXPLOSIVES or gunpowder, or their mixture, liquid fuel, solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, thickener, phlegmatizer, inorganic oxidizer, swelling component, a metal fuel.

However, used as phlegmatization substances (glycerol or glycol, or oleic acid, or hydroxochloride aluminum or talc, or a mixture in various combinations) do not provide security in the manufacture, transportation and storage of EXPLOSIVES and worsen thermodynamic indicators CENTURIES.

Famous traditional ways of making EXPLOSIVES, in which the mixing of all components CENTURIES in the enterprise, izgotavlivaem CENTURIES, and then ready-to-use EXPLOSIVES to be transported to the application site.

Such methods of manufacture EXPLOSIVES do not ensure their safe transportation and storage within the enterprise and at the place of use CENTURIES. It also requires a special regime of their protection, which significantly increases the risk of working with them and, ultimately, the cost of blasting.

There are ways to separate the manufacture of the components is significant at the place of use CENTURIES (see THE 84-08628424-731-99).

Known methods of manufacturing newtonain explosives, including merging into one group liquid combustible substances and oxidizing agent, mixing, combining the mixture with the solid component (coal, iron ore and others) and stirring the mixture as a whole [1, 2].

There are also known methods of making newtonain explosives, including the Union of a group of liquid components [3, 4] or liquid and soluble in solid [5] with the next sequential merging and mixing with the oxidizer and solid components.

Also known formation method (manufacturing) explosives (see the patent of Ukraine # 45074 from 25.04.01 - prototype), consisting of a mixture of various components, including oxidizing, individual explosive, substances, liquid and insoluble solids, including flammable and phlegmatizers substances, which consists in combining components into one or more groups with the remainder or residue of the components, the mixing of the components in groups, Association groups and remaining ingredients, stirring the mixture as a whole.

However, in these methods, including the prototype, it is difficult to obtain p the components in microvolumes explosives. This is a consequence of the small volume content of fuels, auxiliary and other nonexplosive components with respect to the oxidant, especially in multi-component EXPLOSIVES; particles potentially dangerous mechanical impact on CENTURIES of solids, especially metals, sticking to the surface of the granules oxidant, covered with a sticky fluid, not enough selectedserver because it reduces the possibility of covering their sticky fluid from the outside; a process for the manufacture of explosives is relatively dangerous, as the stirring of a mixture containing a fuel and an oxidizer, which is explosive, is at least within two stages: mixing liquid fuel and oxidizer mixing liquid fuel, oxidizer and solid.

In addition, manufactured by these methods CENTURIES do not exclude the risk of working with them because they remain explosive and its handling requires special precautions due to the transportation of the necessary components in the form prepared for final mixing nonexplosive semi-finished products at the place of their use, where they are thoroughly prepared in smeet">3. The invention

An object of the invention is to reduce the sensitivity of EXPLOSIVES to mechanical stress, increase security, manufacturing, transportation CENTURIES, the expansion of manufacturing capacity CENTURIES on the site of their application, reducing the risk of explosion and, thus, improving the efficiency of energy release of the explosion.

This task is achieved by using urea as a phlegmatizer neogoniolithon CENTURIES.

Improved use of urea as a phlegmatizer demonstrated in applications in newtonabbey EXPLOSIVES based on ammonium nitrate or alkali metals.

The applied urea is a white crystalline powder or colourless crystals salty-bitter taste, odourless, flammable.

The use of urea as a phlegmatizer is based on its physical properties:

- low strength (ultimate compressive strength 3,0-7,0 N pellets);

- relatively high heat capacity and molar heat capacity at constant pressure is 22.6 calgrid-mol);

- low temperature melting point (132°C);

- ability to form avect the population (up to 48S).

When using urea as a phlegmatizer improved the safety of production, storage and transportation of EXPLOSIVES, which allows to prepare CENTURIES on the site of its application and improves the efficiency of explosives.

Due to the introduction of urea in CENTURIES increases sharply critical pressure excitation detonation [2, 3] and, consequently, reduces their sensitivity to mechanical impact.

In addition, the introduction of urea as a phlegmatizer explosives, which are filled with water in the loading process, increases their detonation and power characteristics.

This is due to the decrease of water in the salt solution formed in microllam space explosives, increasing its density and lower its freezing temperature.

This task is implemented in the following versions of explosives, in which as phlegmatizer is urea.

Option 1

In neogoniolithon explosive, including individual explosive substance or powder, or a mixture, liquid fuel, solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, will sagashite the%:

individual explosive substance or powder, or a mixture of 4.0-25,0

liquid fuel 0,3-4,0

solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel 0,5-5,0

thickener 0,3-3,0

urea is 1.0-10.0

inorganic oxidizer else

Option 2

In neogoniolithon explosive, including individual explosive substance or powder, or a mixture, solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, liquid fuel, swelling component, a thickener, a phlegmatizer, inorganic oxidizer, as phlegmatizer use urea in the following ratio, wt.%:

individual explosive substance or powder, or a mixture of 4.0-25,0

solid hydrocarbon or

carbon fuel 0,5-5,0

liquid fuel 0,3-4,0

swelling component 0,5-4,0

thickener 0,3-3,0

urea is 1.0-10.0

inorganic oxidizer else

Option 3

In neogoniolithon explosive, including individual explosive substance or powder, or a mixture, a metal fuel, liquid fuel, swelling component, a thickener, a phlegmatizer, inorganic oxidizer, as phlegm is th substance or powder, or a mixture of 4.0-25,0

metal fuel 1,0-15,0

liquid fuel 0,3-3,0

swelling component 0,5-4,0

thickener 0,3-3,0

urea 1,0-15,0

inorganic oxidizer else

To improve energy performance CENTURIES it:

- as an individual explosives contains TNT or RDX phlegmatized, or their mixture;

as gunpowder contains gunpowder ballistic ground or crushed, or pyroxylin powder granulated or crushed, or their mixture in various combinations;

- as a solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel contains stone or charcoal or soot, or rubber, or carbon, or a mixture in various combinations;

as the metal fuel contains aluminum or silicon or ferrosilicon, or silicocalcium, or silicon aluminum, or a mixture in various combinations;

as the liquid fuel contains liquid oil, such as diesel fuel or a mixture of petroleum products;

as the swelling component contains organic swelling agent, such as wood flour or flour or bran agricultural Kul is as inorganic oxidizer contains ammonia or sodium, or potassium, or calcium nitrate, or a mixture in various combinations;

as the thickener contains guargum or polyacrylamide and structuring substance, such as potassium alum in the following ratio, wt.%:

guargum or polyacrylamide 0,28-2,98

structuring substance

for example potassium

alum 0,02-0,1

as the thickener contains guargum or polyacrylamide, flour or bran cereals, technological additive and structuring substance, such as potassium alum in the following ratio, wt.%:

guargum or polyacrylamide 0,2-2,0

flour or bran cereals 0,05-1,0

technological additive of 0.13 to 0.3

structuring substance 0,02-0,1

as technological additives contains a hydrophobic liquid, such as industrial oil;

as technological additives contains hydrophilic liquid, such as ethylene glycol or glycerin.

This task is solved in that in the known method of manufacturing neogoniolithon explosive consisting of a mixture of a specified number of components, including one or more liquid fuel and nerastvorim in combining components and their mixing use phlegmatizer, including urea, and by combining the components combine part or a specified number of one or more combustible liquid that is insoluble in the solid fuel into one or more groups with the residue or no residue components, not groups, mix the components in groups, join groups, and remnants of the components and mix them.

In addition, the pre-combine in a group of solid thickeners and combustible liquid.

In addition, pre-combined into one group and mix part of a specified number of one or more liquid fuel with a part or a specified number of one or more oxidizing agents and optionally its combine and mix with the other group, containing a part of or a specified number of one or more of liquid and solid fuels.

In addition, the group combined and stirred for part or the specified number of one or more of liquid and solid fuels and combine them with one or more individual explosive.

In addition, the group combined and stirred or part of a specified quantity of liquid and solid fuels and additionally combine it with a part or a specified number of one or more acyclical arimah solids and their individual mixing due to their comparable number is formed by a material with uniformly distributed components. When this liquid substance, phlegmatizers solid particles uniformly wrapping them up, and solid phlegmatization (e.g., urea) are in close proximity to the solid particles, and hence the potential foci reaction in the explosive composition during mixing of the composition as a whole. With the merging of semi-finished products also simplifies the problem of obtaining uniformity of the mixture due to the relatively small ratio of the number of individual parts of the mixture.

This leads to improved characteristics of the mixture, as well as increasing efficiency, reducing sensitivity to mechanical stress and, in the case of thickener, increase water-stability.

4. Materials explaining the invention

Further the present invention is illustrated by description of a specific but not limiting example of implementation, in accordance with illustrative graphics (table).

5. Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention

To test the effectiveness phlegmatizers action of urea were made explosive compositions for comparison containing urea and containing no urea (with increased risk in manufacturing, PR is S="ptx2">The explosive containing, wt.%: TNT 5,0-15,0, diesel fuel 1,0-1,5, industrial oil 0,15-0,25, wood flour 0,8-1,2, ferrosilicon 2,0-7,0, urea 2,5-4,0, thickening composition comprising guargum 0,45-0,6, wheat flour of 0.2-0.3, potassium alum 0,02-0,04, and ammonium nitrate - the rest is made on the following technology.

Separately mixed in a paddle mixer components thickener and industrial oil and component group containing diesel fuel, wood flour, ferrosilicon and urea.

Then combine both groups and additionally stirred.

Eventually a comprehensive fuel swelling component (STC), which is subject to storage and transportation.

At the place of production blasting STC unite with TNT and nitrate with final mixing in the mixer gravity. Perhaps the final mixing directly into the charger mixing machine for use CC.

This ensures that the reduced sensitivity to mechanical stress and with a large number of TNT in CENTURIES.

Grouping in the mixing process nonexplosive components if necessary or danger technology of explosives, as the material is located in an explosive condition, less time is under mechanical loads.

It is important that you receive the possibility of storage and transportation of non-explosive materials in the state in the form of semi-finished products and the manufacture of explosives at the last stage, or near the place of consumption, either directly before placing it into the charger cavity. It also reduces the risk of handling the explosive.

Sources of information

1. B. N. Kutuzov. Blasting operations. - M.: Nedra, 1974, S. 368.

2. Afanasiev, T., Bobolev C. K., I. Karpukhin, A. Sensitivity of EXPLOSIVES to mechanical stress and ways of phlegmatization vzryv. - Sat. No. 59/A. Industrial explosives. - M., 1963, S. 5-10.

3. Dubnov L. C., Baharevich N. S., Romanov, A. I. Industrial explosives. - 2nd ed., Rev. and more. - M., Nedra, 1982, S. 327.

4. Patent Of Ukraine №2340010, 06 At 33/14.

5. The 84-08628424-731-99. Explosives industry. Grammont brands TC and TKZ.

6. Patent Of Ukraine No. 11023, 06 At 31/28.

7. A. S. No. 955668, 06 At 31/40.

8. A. S. No. 1621435, 06 At 31/28.

9. A. S. No. 1722012, 06 At 31/40.

10. Patent of Ukraine # 47074, 06 At 31/28 prototype.

11. R is the education, 1998, S. 52.

12. “Improvement of industrial explosives and methods of their use”./Ed. by N. With. Baharevich vzryv - Sat. No. 80/37 M., Nauka, 1978, S. 184.

1. The use of urea as a phlegmatizer neogoniolithon explosives.

2. The use of urea under item 1 as phlegmatizer neogoniolithon explosives based on ammonium nitrate or alkali metals.

3. Neogoniolithon explosive, including individual explosive, or gunpowder, or their mixture, liquid fuel, solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, thickener, pragmatization and inorganic oxidizing agent, characterized in that as phlegmatizer it contains urea in the following ratio, wt.%:

Individual explosive

substance or powder, or a mixture of 4.0-25,0

Liquid fuel 0,3-4,0

Solid hydrocarbon or

carbon fuel 0,5-5,0

Thickener 0,3-3,0

Urea is 1.0-10.0

Inorganic oxidizer Else

4. Substance under item 3, characterized in that as an individual explosive it contains TNT or RDX phlegmatizer litany ground or crushed, or pyroxylin powder granulated or crushed, or their mixture in various combinations.

6. Substance under item 3, characterized in that the liquid fuel it contains liquid oil, such as diesel fuel, or a mixture of oil.

7. Substance under item 3, characterized in that the solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel it contains stone or charcoal or soot, or rubber, or carbon, or a mixture in various combinations.

8. Substance under item 3, characterized in that as a thickener it contains guargum or polyacrylamide and structuring substance, such as potassium alum, in the following ratio, wt.%:

Guargum or polyacrylamide 0,28-2,98

Structuring substance 0,02-0,1

9. Substance under item 3, characterized in that as a thickener it contains guargum or polyacrylamide, flour or bran cereals, technological additive and structuring substance, such as potassium alum, in the following ratio, wt.%:

Guargum or polyacrylamide 0,2-2,0

Flour or bran cereals 0,05-1,0

Technological additive of 0.13 to 0.3

Structuring substance 0,02-0,1

10. Substance under item 9, otlichay oil.

11. Substance under item 9, characterized in that as technological additives it contains a hydrophilic liquid, such as ethylene glycol or glycerin.

12. Substance under item 3, wherein as the inorganic oxidizer it contains ammonia, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium nitrate or a mixture in various combinations.

13. Neogoniolithon explosive, including individual explosive, or gunpowder, or their mixture, solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel, liquid fuel, swelling component, a thickener, a phlegmatizer and inorganic oxidizing agent, characterized in that as phlegmatizer it contains urea in the following ratio, wt.%:

Individual explosive

substance or powder, or a mixture of 4.0-25,0

Solid hydrocarbon or

carbon fuel 0,5-5,0

Liquid fuel 0,3-4,0

Swelling component 0,5-4,0

Thickener 0,3-3,0

Urea is 1.0-10.0

Inorganic oxidizer Else

14. Substance under item 13, characterized in that as an individual explosive it contains TNT, or phlegmatized RDX, or the ground or crushed, or pyroxylin powder granulated or crushed, or their mixture in various combinations.

16. Substance under item 13, characterized in that the liquid fuel it contains liquid oil, such as diesel fuel, or a mixture of oil.

17. Substance under item 13, wherein the solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel it contains stone or charcoal or soot, or rubber, or carbon, or a mixture in various combinations.

18. Substance under item 13, characterized in that as the swelling component it contains organic swelling agent, such as wood flour, or the flour or bran crops, or inorganic swelling agent, such as clay, or a mixture in various combinations.

19. Substance under item 13, characterized in that as a thickener it contains guargum or polyacrylamide and structuring substance, such as potassium alum, in the following ratio, wt.%:

Guargum or polyacrylamide 0,28-2,98

Structuring substance 0,02-0,1

20. Substance under item 13, characterized in that as a thickener it contains guargum or polyacrylamide, flour or bran cereals, tehmas.%:

Guargum or polyacrylamide 0,2-2,0

Flour or bran cereals 0,05-1,0

Technological additive of 0.13 to 0.3

Structuring substance 0,02-0,1

21. Substance on p. 20, characterized in that as technological additives it contains a hydrophobic liquid, such as industrial oil.

22. Substance on p. 20, characterized in that as technological additives it contains a hydrophilic liquid, such as ethylene glycol or glycerin.

23. Substance under item 13, wherein as the inorganic oxidizer it contains ammonia, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium nitrate or a mixture in various combinations.

24. Neogoniolithon explosive, including individual explosive, or powder, or a mixture, a metal fuel, liquid fuel, swelling component, a thickener, a phlegmatizer and inorganic oxidizing agent, characterized in that as phlegmatizer it contains urea in the following ratio, wt.%:

Individual explosive

substance or powder, or a mixture of 4.0-25,0

Metal fuel 1,0-15,0

Liquid fuel 0,3-3,0

Swelling component 0,5-4,0

26. Substance on p. 24, characterized in that the powder it contains gunpowder ballistic ground or crushed, or pyroxylin powder granulated or crushed, or their mixture in various combinations.

27. Substance on p. 24, characterized in that the liquid fuel it contains liquid oil, such as diesel fuel, or a mixture of oil.

28. Substance under item 24, wherein the solid hydrocarbon or carbon fuel it contains stone or charcoal or soot, or rubber, or carbon, or a mixture in various combinations.

29. Substance on p. 24, characterized in that as the swelling component it contains organic swelling agent, such as wood flour, or flour, or bran crops, or inorganic swelling agent, such as clay, or a mixture in various combinations.

30. Substance on p. 24, characterized in that as a thickener it contains guargum or polyacrylamide and structuring material, for example aljumokalievyh emesto 0,02-0,1

31. Substance on p. 24, characterized in that as a thickener it contains guargum or polyacrylamide, flour or bran cereals, technological additive and structuring substance, such as potassium alum, in the following ratio, wt.%:

Guargum or polyacrylamide 0,2-2,0

Flour or bran cereals 0,05-1,0

Technological additive of 0.13 to 0.3

Structuring substance 0,02-0,1

32. Substance on p. 31, characterized in that as technological additives it contains a hydrophobic liquid, such as industrial oil.

33. Substance on p. 31, characterized in that as technological additives it contains a hydrophilic liquid, such as ethylene glycol or glycerin.

34. Substance under item 24, wherein as the inorganic oxidizer it contains ammonia, or sodium, or potassium, or calcium nitrate, or a mixture in various combinations.

35. A method of manufacturing neogoniolithon explosive consisting of a mixture of a specified number of components, including one or more liquid fuel and is not soluble in these solid fuels, oxidizers, individual explosives, thickeners and phlegmatic isator, including urea, and by combining the components combine part or a specified number of one or more combustible liquid and is not soluble in these solid combustible in one or more groups with the residue or no residue components, not groups, mix the components in groups, join groups, and remnants of the components and mix them.

36. Method p. 35, characterized in that the unite group solid thickeners and combustible liquid.

37. The method according to p. 35, wherein the pre-combined into one group and mix part of a specified number of one or more liquid fuel with a part or a specified number of one or more oxidizing agents and optionally its combine and mix with the other group, containing a part of or a specified number of one or more of liquid and solid fuels.

38. The method according to p. 35, characterized in that the group's combined and stirred for part or the specified number of one or more of liquid and solid fuels and combine them with one or more individual explosive.

39. The method according to p. 35, characterized in that the group's combined and stirred or part of a specified quantity of liquid and solid fuels and EXT