Industrial explosive composition (options)

FIELD: explosives.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to industrial explosive compositions employed when performing blasting operation on the earth surface of open-pit mines and open-cast mines at temperatures from -50°C to +50°C. In the first embodiment of invention, industrial explosive composition comprises hexogen with particle size less than 0.7 mm, liquid petroleum product with kinematic viscosity below 2400 mm²/s as measured at 20°C and/or coal powder, and dense granulated ammonium nitrate and/or porous granulated ammonium nitrate. Moisture content of composition is below 1.8% (in excess of 100%). Another embodiment provides composition comprising hexogen with particle size less than 0.7 mm, trotyl and/or dinitronaphthelene, liquid petroleum product and dense granulated ammonium nitrate and/or porous granulated ammonium nitrate, moisture content being 1.8% (in excess of 100%).

EFFECT: enabled preparation of high-efficiency explosives for use in blasting operations on middle- and high-strength minerals when charging dry and dried wells as well as when placing explosives into polyethylene hoses and cartridges in wells with any degree of watering.

12 cl, 1 tbl

The invention relates to blasting, and in particular to compositions of commercial explosives used in blasting operations on the earth's surface mines and quarries with temperatures ranging from minus 50 to plus 50°on the rocks and ores of any fortress.

Widely known [1, p.2, table 1, column "M"] mixed explosive composition granulit M, which is a mixture of ammonium nitrate porous (94,5%) and oil instrument or adsorption or a diesel (5.5 per cent). The cost of granulite M approximately 1.3 times higher than the cost of hanita [2, p.33].

Igdanit [3, pp.92] is a an explosive mixture of non-porous (dense) granulated ammonium nitrate (94,5%) with diesel fuel (5.5 per cent). However, in the well igdanit over time, stratified, as currently used in the explosive composition of granulated ammonium nitrate can hold a small amount of diesel fuel. Of the diesel fuel flows into the lower layers of the charge. In this case violated the ratio of the components, resulting in lower energy characteristics of the explosive composition. Instruction manual instructs to use igdanit within one working shift.

Closest to the claimed invention, the set of essential features for a patent [4], which is taken as a prototype. Stood the explosive mixture contains a combustible component (liquid petroleum), 2-23 wt.%, and the mixture of porous granular ammonium nitrate with dense granular ammonium nitrate - the rest up to 100 wt.%.

However, the presence of granulated ammonium nitrate and only non-explosive component (liquid oil) as part of the prototype leads to low efficiency of the explosion.

The proposed composition of industrial explosives (options) does not have this drawback. In the claimed invention, the aim was to obtain highly effective composition of industrial explosives, which has great efficiency of the explosion.

To achieve the technical result, we propose the following structure of industrial explosives (options).

Option 1. The composition of industrial explosives contains dense granular ammonium nitrate and/or porous ammonium nitrate, liquid oil with a kinematic viscosity of less than 2400 mm²a /c, determined at a temperature of 20°or/and the coal powder and the RDX or/and phlegmatized RDX with a particle size of less than 0.7 mm at the following content, wt.%:

when the humidity of the composition of less than 1.8 wt.% in excess of 100 wt.%.

As cyclonite use recyclable RDX, and as phlegmatized RDX use recyclable phlegmatized RDX.

As a liquid oil product use diesel fuel or mineral oil, or oil extract, or/and waste oils. The size of the dense granules of ammonium nitrate and porous ammonium nitrate less than 6 mm as ammonium nitrate use waterproof ammonium nitrate.

Option 2. The composition of industrial explosives contains dense granular ammonium nitrate and/or porous ammonium nitrate, liquid petroleum, RDX or/and phlegmatized RDX with a particle size of less than 0.7 mm and TNT or/and dinitronaphthalene at the following content, wt.%:

when the humidity of the composition of less than 1.8 wt.% in excess of 100 wt.%.

As cyclonite use recyclable RDX, and as phlegmatized RDX use recyclable phlegmatized RDX.

As TNT use cheshuirovannyj TNT, or/and granulated TNT, or/and recyclable cheshuirovannyj TNT, or/and recyclable granulated TNT with a particle size less than 14 mm

As dinitronaphthalene use cheshuirovannyj dinitronaphthalene, or/and pelletized dinitronaphthalene, or/and recyclable cheshuirovannyj dinitronaphthalene, or/and recyclable granulated dinitronaphthalene.

As a liquid oil product use diesel fuel or mineral oil, or oil extract, or/and waste oils.

The size of the dense granules of ammonium nitrate and porous ammonium nitrate less than 6 mm as ammonium nitrate use waterproof ammonium nitrate.

Highly effective composition of industrial explosives, with greater effectiveness in the gap, than the prototype is due to extra content in the composition of RDX or/and phlegmatized RDX with a particle size of less than 0.7 mm, liquid oil with a kinematic viscosity of less than 2400 mm²/s, determined at a temperature of 20°or/and carbon powder, and by optimizing the ratios between the components of the composition according to the first embodiment of the invention; and content in the composition of RDX or/and phlegmatized RDX with a particle size of less than 0.7 mm and TNT and/or dinitronaphthalene and by optimizing the ratios between the components of the composition according to the second variant of the invention.

The inclusion of industrial explosives for option 1 RDX or/and phlegmatized RDX with a particle size of less than 0.7 mm and a liquid oil with a kinematic viscosity of less than 2400 mm²/s, determined at a temperature of 20°or/and carbon powder provides increased energy explosion of the proposed structure, which increases the efficiency of the explosion.

For particle sizes of phlegmatized RDX and RDX more than 0.7 mm, there is a significant decrease in the rate of reaction of explosive transformation. When the concentrations of RDX and/or phlegmatized RDX less than 0.5 wt.% practically improving the efficiency of actions in which the gap does not occur, and when the concentrations of RDX and/or phlegmatized RDX more than 40 wt.% significantly increases the price of the stock.

When the viscosity of liquid petroleum products more than 2400 mm²is a bad mixture of components, which leads to uneven distribution of components in the composition and result in reduced efficiency of the explosion.

The quantity of liquid petroleum and/or coal powder in the composition is less than 1.0 wt.% it is impossible to ensure their continuous dosing, the number is more of 17.0 wt.% leads to a significant negative oxygen balance of the composition, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the explosion.

When the humidity of the composition of more than 1.8 wt.% in excess of 100 wt.% after 12 months of storage may be pressupost composition.

The use of the composition utilized RDX, recyclable phlegmatized RDX leads to a reduction in the number of explosives in the warehouse and allows replacing them with an expired shelf life.

As a liquid oil product use diesel fuel or mineral oil, or oil extract, or/and waste oils.

The dense granules of ammonium nitrate and porous ammonium nitrate larger than 6 mm lead to a significant reduction of the reaction rate them TCD is catego transformation.

Waterproof ammonium nitrate better preserves the friability of the composition during its storage.

The inclusion of industrial explosives for option 2 RDX or/and phlegmatized RDX with a particle size of less than 0.7 mm and TNT and/or dinitronaphthalene provides increased energy explosion of the proposed structure, which increases the efficiency of the explosion. For the particle size of RDX or/and phlegmatized RDX more than 0.7 mm, there is a significant decrease in the rate of reaction of explosive transformation.

When the concentrations of RDX and/or phlegmatized RDX, TNT and/or dinitronaphthalene less than 0.5 wt.% practically improving the efficiency of the explosion is not defined, and when the concentrations of RDX and/or phlegmatized RDX, TNT and/or dinitronaphthalene more than 40% significantly increases the price of the stock.

If the amount of liquid oil in the composition is less than 1.0 wt.%, it is impossible to ensure a uniform distribution of the composition, quantity - over of 17.0 wt.% leads to a significant negative oxygen balance of the composition, which ultimately leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the explosion.

When the humidity of the composition of more than 1.8 wt.% in excess of 100 wt.% after 12 months of storage may be wrong is updatet composition.

The use of the composition utilized RDX, recyclable phlegmatized RDX leads to a reduction in the number of explosives in the warehouse and allows replacing them with an expired shelf life.

The dense granules of ammonium nitrate and porous ammonium nitrate larger than 6 mm lead to a significant reduction of the reaction rate their explosive transformation.

Waterproof ammonium nitrate better preserves the friability of the composition during its storage.

To confirm the effectiveness of the explosion of the present invention, experiments were carried out. The effectiveness of explosive compositions were determined by the magnitude of the compression standard lead cylinder. Methodology the research was as follows.

The test composition by mass of 1000 g was placed in a paper sleeve and an inner diameter of 120 mm, an Intermediate detonator (predetonator) was filled with TNT in the form of a powder with a weight of 100, the Diameter of predetonator was equal to 50 mm

From above along the axis of the charge was immersed in an explosive composition predetonator 2/3 of its height. Lead cylinder was placed on a flat steel plate. The cylinder had a diameter of 40 mm and height 60 mm cylinder was installed steel truncated cone with the largest diameter of 300 mm, up. Then the die was set cardboard rack, ensure is that the set distance (150 mm) from top of base to charge. Cardboard rack bent in the form of a side surface of the straight triangular prism. On a cardboard stand was established cooked charge. After alignment of the charge in the intermediate detonator placed the detonator and spent undermining.

In the sudden shock of detonation products on the steel cone lead cylinder is deformed.

Before and after the explosion measured the height of the lead cylinder in four mutually perpendicular directions. A measure of the effectiveness of the explosion is the size of the compression cylinder, i.e. the difference between his average heights before and after the explosion. For each composition were performed at least two parallel definitions and calculate the arithmetic mean, rounded to an integer.

Experimental data on the dependence of the magnitude of the compression of the lead cylinder of the composition shown in the table.

The table shows that the prototype of the magnitude of the compression cylinder 5-7 mm, and the proposed structures - and more equal 8-33 mm Therefore, the proposed structure has a greater efficiency of the explosion than the prototype.

The advantage of the proposed composition of industrial explosives is the possibility of using it with a high efficiency explosion while conducting blasting operations on the rocks of middle and high strength when charging them in dry and susanyescanada, and well any degree of watering when charging them in plastic sleeves and cartridges.

Sources of information

1. Granulite. GOST 21987-76.

2. Outside the Belarus G.P., Bugajski A.N. Mechanization and technology of blasting operations using granular explosives. - M.: Nedra, 1975.

3. Pozdnyakov SG, Rossi D. Handbook of industrial explosives and media blasting. Vol. 2, Rev. and extra - M.: Nedra, 1977, pp.92.

4. Patent RU No. 2231515 C2, 7 06, 31/28, 27.06.2004, bull.№18.

1. The composition of industrial explosives, including dense granular ammonium nitrate and/or porous ammonium nitrate, characterized in that it contains RDX or/and phlegmatized RDX with R is smarami particles less than 0.7 mm and a liquid oil with a kinematic viscosity of less than 2400 mm ²/s, determined at a temperature of 20°or/and carbon powder at the following content, wt.%:

RDX or/and phlegmatized RDX 0,5-40,0

Liquid petroleum

or/and coal powder 1,0-17,0

Dense granular ammonium nitrate

or/and porous Prill ammonium

nitrate Else

when the humidity of the composition of less than 1.8 wt.% in excess of 100 wt.%.

2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that as RDX use recyclable RDX, and as phlegmatized RDX use recyclable phlegmatized RDX.

3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that a liquid oil product use diesel fuel or mineral oil, or oil extract, or/and waste oils.

4. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the size of the dense granules of ammonium nitrate and porous ammonium nitrate less than 6 mm.

5. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that ammonium nitrate is used waterproof ammonium nitrate.

6. The composition of industrial explosives, including dense granular ammonium nitrate and/or porous ammonium nitrate and liquid petroleum product, characterized in that it contains RDX or/and phlegmatized RDX with particle sizes is the Eney 0.7 mm and TNT or/and dinitronaphthalene in the following components, wt.%:

when the humidity of the composition of less than 1.8 wt.% in excess of 100 wt.%.

7. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that as RDX use recyclable RDX, and as phlegmatized RDX use recyclable phlegmatized RDX.

8. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that as TNT use cheshuirovannyj TNT, or/and granulated TNT, or/and recyclable cheshuirovannyj TNT, or/and recyclable granulated TNT with particle sizes less than 14 mm

9. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that as dinitronaphthalene use cheshuirovannyj dinitronaphthalene, or/and pelletized dinitronaphthalene, or/and recyclable cheshuirovannyj dinitronaphthalene, or/and recyclable granulated dinitronaphthalene.

10. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the liquid netart the KTA use diesel fuel, and/or mineral oil, or oil extract, or/and waste oils.

11. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that the size of the dense granules of ammonium nitrate and porous ammonium nitrate less than 6 mm.

12. The composition according to claim 6, characterized in that ammonium nitrate is used waterproof ammonium nitrate.