Explosive mixture (variants) and a method for manufacture thereof (variants)

FIELD: explosives.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to explosive mixtures used as blast-hole and mine charges in mining industry. According to first variant, explosive mixture includes inorganic oxidant, in particular ammonium nitrate or mixture thereof with calcium and/or sodium, and/or potassium nitrate; nonexplosive liquid combustible substance: liquid petroleum derivative or coal or vegetable oils, or mixture of nonexplosive liquid combustible substance with nonexplosive solid combustible substance such as wood processing products and/or solid combustible fossils in powdered form; content of nonexplosive solid and liquid combustible substances being computed in terms of special formulae. According to second variant, explosive mixture contains urea in addition to above-listed components of mixture according to the first variant.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of explosive mixture due to manufacture, transportation and application safety, reduced cost, and widened application area.

22 cl, 6 tbl

The invention relates to the development of explosive mixtures, used as a blast hole and hole charges in the mining industry.

The majority of industrial explosives relates to explosive mixtures, mainly for mixtures of ammonium nitrate with individual explosive and non-explosive materials. In explosive mixtures one of the components has an excess of oxygen (the oxidizer), and the second component is explosive or non-explosive fuel for oxidation requires oxygen. Layout explosive mixtures with the stoichiometric ratio of fuel and oxidant can more fully realize the potential power inherent in the oxidizer and fuel, and to minimize the content of harmful gases in the products of the explosion. Currently, widespread explosive mixtures containing as oxidant granulated ammonium nitrate, and as a combustible liquid and solid non-explosive materials (liquid petroleum products, coal powders, wood flour and other), and explosives (1-13), in particular a hexagon long-term storage (14, 15).

Known composition of the explosive mixture comprising (wt.%):

Cheshuirovannyj TNT 4,4-5,6

Coal powder 2,2-3,8

Diesel fuel 1,1-1,9

Ammonium nitrate else,/p>

adopted by the authors for the prototype (patent of Russia №2144016).

The composition of the prototype as a fuel contains explosive fuel - cheshuirovannyj TNT and non-explosive fuel - black oil and coal powder.

The lack of structure of the prototype is a limited resource base on the use of explosive and non-explosive combustible included in the explosive mixture.

An object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of explosive mixtures by increasing susceptibility to initiating pulse, improving the safety of the manufacture and application by reducing sensitivity to mechanical impact, enabling the formation of a combined charge in the process of loading wells explosive mixtures with different values of the energy and detonation characteristics, the expansion of raw materials to increase the range of production of explosives, reducing the cost and expanding the area of use.

The problem was solved by the development of explosive mixtures and its variants, including:

- option 1 - as an explosive fuel - RDX and/or TNT, or disposed fusible mixtures of TNT with RDX and/or aluminum in a granular and/or powder and/or flakes, as non-explosive fuel - liquid fuel - liquid oil is the product or coal, or vegetable oil or a mixture of liquid and solid fuels - wood processing products and/or solid combustible minerals in powder form, as the inorganic oxidizer is ammonium nitrate or a mixture thereof with calcium and/or sodium and/or potassium-nitrate at the ratios of non-explosive and explosive fuel from 6.1:1 to 1:45, flammable and non-explosive ammonium nitrate or its mixture with calcium and/or sodium and/or potassium-nitrate of 1:15.5 to 1:80 in the following ratio, wt.%:

RDX and/or TNT, or disposable

fusible mixtures of TNT with RDX and/or aluminum in granular

and/or powder and/or flakes, liquid

petroleum or coal, or oil, or mixture

liquid petroleum or coal, or plant

oils and products of wood processing and/or solid fuels

minerals in powder form 6,2-42,0

Ammonium nitrate or a mixture thereof with calcium,

and/or sodium and/or potassium-nitrate else,

the content of non-explosive liquid (n_W, %) and solid (n_{i t},%) combustible calculated by the formulas:

in the absence of non-explosive solid fuels is the content of non-explosive liquid fuel is calculated by the formula:

for sulfidogenic rocks and ores - option 2 - as an explosive fuel - RDX and/or TNT, or disposed fusible mixtures of TNT with RDX and/or aluminum in a granular and/or powder and/or flakes, as non-explosive fuel - liquid fuel - liquid petroleum or coal, or oil, or a mixture of this liquid and solid fuels - wood processing products and/or solid combustible minerals in powder form, and optionally urea as an additional fuel, as the inorganic oxidizer is ammonium nitrate or its the mixture with calcium and/or sodium and/or potassium-nitrate at the ratios of non-explosive and explosive fuel from 7.4:1 to 1:24, flammable and non-explosive ammonium nitrate or its mixture with calcium and/or sodium and/or potassium-nitrate from 1:8.9 to 1:40 in the following ratio, wt.%:

RDX and/or TNT, or disposed fusible mixture

TNT with RDX and/or aluminum or in granular and/or

powder, and/or flakes, liquid petroleum

or coal, or oil, or a mixture liquid

petroleum or coal, or vegetable oils and products is s

timber processing and/or solid fossil fuels

in powder form, urea 7,7-48,0

Ammonium nitrate or a mixture thereof with calcium,

and/or sodium and/or potassium-nitrate else,

the content of non-explosive liquid (n_W,%) and solid (n_{i t},%) combustible calculated by the formulas:

in the absence of non-explosive solid fuel content nonexplosive liquid fuel is calculated by the formula:

where:

n_{i sh}- mass fraction of explosive fuel, i=1,2...p;

n_{i t}- mass fraction of non-explosive solid fuel, i=1,2...m;

n_carb- mass fraction of urea;

To_WTo_{i t}To_carbTo_{i sh}To_about- oxygen balances non-explosive liquid combustible, non-explosive solid fuel, urea, explosives, fuel, oxidant, %;

To_cm- oxygen balance of the explosive mixture.

As ammonium nitrate can be used in powdered and/or granulated solid, and/or granulated porous ammonium nitrate, and/or their mixture in any proportion.

As the liquid oil can be used as diesel fuel or heating oil, or Mineralnyye, or waste mineral oil.

As a by-product of wood processing can be used lignin or cellulose, or wood flour, or charcoal, or a mixture.

As a by-product of the processing of solid fossil fuels can be used lignite or coal, or kerogen, or peat, or a mixture.

As of TNT can be used recyclable TNT or granulator, and RDX can be used phlegmatized RDX.

The need to develop two versions of explosive mixtures is caused by differences in the chemical composition of rocks and ores. Sulfacetamide rocks and sulfide ore (seroconcordance, copper-zinc, copper) aggressive towards ammonium Selitrennoe village explosives. Pyrite, which is the main ore of sulfur-containing mineral ores, prone to chemical interaction with ammonium nitrate, part of the explosives. For neutralization of chemical interaction between ammonium nitrate and sulfur in an explosive mixture is introduced inhibiting additive is urea, while performing the role of non-explosive solid fuel.

An example of a scheme for calculating the composition of the explosive mixture:

explosive mixture contains as an explosive fuel VO2,0 wt.% RDX (K _Ug=-21,6%) and TNT (K_Ug=-74%), as non-explosive fuel mixture of diesel fuel (_W=-346%) and powdered cellulose (To_t=-118%), other - ammonium nitrate (K_about=+20%).

When the oxygen balance of the explosive mixture, is equal to zero, the content of non-explosive liquid fuel is calculated by the formula 1:

the content of non-explosive solid fuel is calculated by the formula 2:

n_t=4,3·[(-118)/(-346)+(-118)]=1,1%;

ammonium nitrate - else: 100-2,0-2,0-4,3-1,1=90,6%.

When the oxygen balance of the explosive mixture, minus 5% (using the same components), the composition of the explosive mixture, calculated using the above formulas, the following: n_W=5,6%; n_t=1,4%; n_about=89,0%.

When the oxygen balance of the explosive mixture, equal to plus 5% (using the same components), the composition of the explosive mixture, calculated using the above formulas, the following: n_W=3,1%; n_t=0,8%; n_o=92.1 per cent.

If an explosive mixture contains as a non-explosive combustible liquid fuel, its content is calculated by the formula 3.

When used as an inorganic oxidizer mixtures of ammonium nitrate with calcium and/or sodium and/or potassium in the calculation of the content of non-explosive liquid and solid is th first combustible selected types of nitrate, their ratio, then calculated kislorodny balance of inorganic (mixed) oxidizer: for example, a mixture of ammonium nitrate with calcium nitrate in a ratio of 5:1, then the calculated oxygen balance of inorganic oxidizer is equal to:

To_about=(20·5+33,9·1)/6=22,3%.

Similarly, using formulas 4-6 calculation of the content of non-explosive liquid and solid fuels for explosive mixtures of option 2.

To link the composition of the explosive mixtures with oxygen balance close to zero, of the selected components by selection due to changes in the ratio between non-explosive combustible. Explosive mixtures will vary the heat of the explosion, the volume of gaseous products, detonation speed, and hence the efficiency. The proposed formula for calculating the content of liquid and solid non-explosive combustible provide the layout of the composition of the explosive mixtures with optimal energy performance, velocity of detonation, as it follows from the data of table 1. A number of scarce and expensive explosive combustible selected on the basis of energy-economic considerations, and urea from the sulphur content in rocks and ores.

As follows from table 1, the explosive mixture, the composition of which (the content of non-explosive liquid and solid fuels), calculated is an on the proposed formulas, has great energy and detonation characteristics than explosive mixtures, the composition of which is calculated by the method of selection. Similar results were obtained for explosive mixtures containing more than two non-explosive solid fuels, various explosives flammable mixtures of ammonium nitrate with calcium or potassium, or sodium nitrate, and explosive mixtures of option 2.

It is found experimentally that the ratio between non-explosive and explosive fuel more of 6.1:1, 7,4:1 and the ratio of non-explosive fuel and ammonium nitrate less than 1:15,5, 1:8,9 for options 1 and 2, respectively, is not provided physical stability of the explosive mixture, stripes component composition by volume during storage and transportation of explosive mixture; the ratio between non-explosive and explosive fuel more than 1:45, 1:24, and the ratio of non-explosive fuel and ammonium nitrate more than 1:80, 1:40 for options 1 and 2, respectively, increased consumption of expensive explosive fuel, which increases the cost of the explosive mixture.

When creating explosive mixtures it is necessary to consider not only performance, energy, detonation and environmental parameters, but also the cost of the explosive mixture, as it makes up 60% of the cost of drilling and blasting operations. Since the goal is to reduce the cost of explosive mixtures primarily of transportation costs, the production of explosive mixtures should be carried out on stationary points of the enterprises, leading blasting. They use local raw materials, in particular, non-explosive fuel, produced by nearby businesses in the region. Experimentally it was found that for manufacturing the inventive explosive mixtures without sacrificing quality and reduction of cost can be used as liquid fuel is diesel fuel, waste mineral oils, coal, for example Gazgolder oil, vegetable oil, representing a viscous liquid of similar composition and thermodynamic characteristics, as well as their mixture in any proportion. As a non-explosive solid fuel can be used a variety of raw materials produced in the vicinity of blasting after grinding it to powder.

Nonexplosive fuel composition of the proposed explosive mixture is not only the combustible component of the explosive mixture, but performs other functions. Non-explosive fuel, as powdery porous material (peat, coal, kerogen, cellulose, wood flour, lignin) or liquid material (liquid petroleum, oils), simultaneously performs the role of sensitizer increases the sensitivity of the explosive mixture to detonation the resultant pulse, accelerating the process of explosive transformation. At the same time nonexplosive fuel along with ammonium nitrate is a phlegmatizer - reduces the sensitivity of the explosive mixture to mechanical stress, secure transportation, storage and blasting. It was established experimentally phlegmatizers influence of ammonium nitrate and mixtures of ammonium nitrate with non-explosive flammable sensitivity to mechanical impact explosive flammable and explosive mixtures based on it: sensitivity to impact the lower limit of sensitivity (H_aboutmm) of pure RDX equal to 25 mm, for mixtures with ammonium nitrate - 500 mm, and for mixtures with ammonium nitrate and non-explosive fuel (liquid petroleum, peat and other) - more than 500 mm; sensitivity to friction - lower limit (R_aboutkg/cm²respectively equal 2180, 3025-3755, 4845 kg/cm². Nonexplosive fuel in the inventive explosive mixture is additionally technological additive - provides flowability explosive mixtures when loading wells; prevents caking during the warranty period of storage.

Ammonium nitrate as the oxidizer, also serves as an antistatic additive - prevents the accumulation of charges of static electricity, thereby increasing the safety and is for drinking, preparing and use of explosive mixture.

Urea as inhibiting additive allows the use of explosive mixture to blasting on sulfacetamide rocks and ores - explosive mixture of option 2.

Explosive fuel (TNT, RDX, and mixtures thereof, or disposed fusible mixtures of TNT with RDX and/or aluminum) is simultaneously fuel, sensitizer and energoresursiem component of the inventive explosive mixture.

Speed of detonation of ammonium Selitrennoe village of explosive mixtures depends on the rate of thermal decomposition of nitrate granules in the detonation front. Thermal decomposition and gasification of nitrate granules occurs from the surface (outer and inside the pores). The pores of the granular ammonium nitrate fulfil the function of a high-temperature hot spots or points ignition. When selected, the ratio between non-explosive (liquid and solid) fuel and ammonium nitrate ammonium nitrate can effectively absorb and hold a selected quantity of liquid fuel; pores ammonium nitrate (solid and granulated incomparably small compared with the particle size of non-explosive solid fuel, so they are blockages that enables you to evenly distribute nonexplosive fuel by volume, providing a more homogeneous and physically stable explosive mixtures with improved capable of the TEW to detonation. Detonation properties of the inventive explosive mixtures are stored at low explosive content of fuel, since the latter play the role of sensitizer - hot spot ignition.

The effectiveness of the proposed explosive mixtures and its variants was assessed by the stability of the explosion-technical and energy characteristics determined by the rate of detonation, heat of explosion, the volume of gases, susceptibility to initiating pulse, the critical diameter of detonation public charge, security, manufacturing and application-defined sensitivity to mechanical impact.

This invention provides the claimed technical effect due to the selected components, their relationships providing the optimum values of the completeness of chemical transformations, oxygen balance, stability component composition.

In table 2-4 shows the results of tests of samples of the inventive explosive mixtures and its variants, manufactured using all types of non-explosive liquid and solid fuels, all types of explosive combustible; the content of liquid fuel or a mixture of liquid and solid non-explosive fuel was calculated by the formula of the invention. Explosive fuel used in granular and/or cheshireman, and/or powder form, non-explosive solid the OE fuel - in powdered form.

As follows from the data of table 2 to 4, various kinds of non-explosive solid fuel - coal, peat, kerogen, lignin, cellulose, wood flour are used interchangeably. Non-explosive liquid fuel - liquid oil products (diesel fuel, mineral oil, vegetable oil and coal have almost the same composition and similar thermodynamic characteristics, therefore, are also interchangeable components of the explosive mixture. Declare explosive mixture and its variant have almost the same explosion-technical and energy characteristics at the same content of explosive fuel - TNT, RDX, or mixtures thereof, or disposed fusible mixtures of TNT with RDX and/or aluminum, equal to 1.0 wt.%, when the content of non-explosive fuel (liquid or mixture of liquid and solid), calculated according to the formula of the invention. Explosive mixture and its variant have low sensitivity to mechanical impact sensitivity to impact and friction). The layout of the composition of the explosive mixture through the estimated value of the non-explosive fuel, the claimed relationship between non-explosive and explosive fuel, between combustible and non-explosive ammonium nitrate ensures completeness of explosive transformation of oxidizer and fuel is the highest possible getting heat of explosion, the amount of gases in the oxygen balance of the explosive mixture, is close to zero.

Declare explosive mixture and its option provide the main technical result of the invention is the stability of the explosion of technical parameters, security, manufacturing and applications, expanding the resource base and the use - blasting operations on the rocks and ores of different chemical composition, including sulfacetamide (explosive mix of option 2). The decrease in the content of explosive fuel to 1.0 wt.%, the interchangeability of various kinds of non-explosive fuel can reduce transportation and to organize the production of industrial explosives on the ground blasting using local raw materials, which reduces the cost of explosive mixtures without loss of detonation properties.

Multi-component explosive mixture produced in the mixer periodic action, where the mixing of components is due to mechanical mixing devices and/or gravity forces, or in the mixing-charging machines, hopper which is divided by transverse partitions into independent compartments, the mixing is carried out in continuous mode in the longitudinal (one or two) and transverse augers (16-19).

Granular explosive fuel, for example, granular the p TNT (granulator) on the granule size is several times the size of granules (particles) of inorganic oxidizer, cashflowing or powdered explosive and non-explosive combustible that should be considered when the proposed production of explosive mixtures. The regularity and security of mixing, as an explosive mixtures containing components with greatly differing specific gravity, aggregate state, the size and shape of particles, the ratio of components can be achieved by choosing the optimal loading and mixing.

A known method of manufacture of explosive mixtures, including the supply of inorganic oxidizer, explosive and non-explosive combustible, mechanical stirring, adopted by the authors for the prototype (Lowdose and other Industrial explosives, M., Nedra, 1973, p.123).

The proposed method for the manufacture of explosive mixtures and its variants, including the supply of inorganic oxidizer, explosive and non-explosive combustible, mechanical stirring, is that the use of explosive fuel in granular and/or cheshireman, and/or powder form, non-explosive liquid or mixture of liquid and solid fuel in powder form, the inorganic oxidizer is ammonium nitrate and/or its mixture with calcium and/or sodium and/or potassium-nitrate, is:

- option 1 - the use of explosive fuel in granuloma the nom form first produce mechanical mixing granulated explosive fuel with an inorganic oxidizing agent until a homogeneous mixture, the resulting mixture alternately mechanically mixed with the other part of nonexplosive and explosive flammable with mixing after adding each newly submitted nonexplosive and explosive fuel, and the use of explosive fuel in cheshireman and/or powdered form inorganic oxidizer alternately mechanically mixed with each non-explosive combustible and explosive fuel in cheshireman and/or powder form, in any order of their submission.

Explosive fuel in cheshireman and/or powdered form is served on mechanical mixing portions in two or three doses with stirring after the filing of each portion.

- option 2 - the use of explosive fuel in granular form first mechanically mixed explosive fuel in granular form with a part of the inorganic oxidizing agent, and then the resulting mixture is mechanically mixed with a loose mixture of the remaining part of the inorganic oxidizer and part non-explosive fuel, formed by simultaneous application of mechanical mixing or pre-mechanical mixing, after which the resulting mixture is mechanically mixed with the remaining part of the non-explosive fuel, and the use of explosive fuel in cheshireman or powder is ideal first mechanical mixing of the inorganic oxidizer with a loose mixture of the remaining part of the inorganic oxidizer and a part of non-explosive fuel, formed by simultaneous application of mechanical mixing or pre-mechanical mixing, and then the resulting mixture is mechanically mixed with explosive fuel, and the remaining part of the non-explosive fuel.

Explosive fuel in cheshireman or powdered form is served on mechanical mixing portions in two or three doses with stirring after the filing of each portion.

- option 3 - first mechanically blended mixture of parts of inorganic oxidizer and part nonexplosive fuel with a loose mixture of the remaining part of the inorganic oxidizer and explosive fuel in granular and/or cheshireman, and/or powder form, then the resulting mixture is mechanically mixed with the remaining part of the non-explosive fuel, while the granular mixture is part of the inorganic oxidizer and part non-explosive fuel and bulk mixture of the remaining part of the inorganic oxidizer and explosive fuel in granular and/or cheshireman, and/or powdered form are formed by simultaneous application of mechanical mixing or pre-mechanical mixing.

As a free-flowing mixture remaining portion of the inorganic oxidizer and explosive fuel use Ammonite or Grammont, and as a free-flowing mixture cha the minute inorganic oxidizer and part nonexplosive fuel use igdanit or granola.

The necessity of developing three variants of the method of manufacturing the inventive explosive mixtures is caused by the difference of the cyclical nature of production (batch, continuous), type of mixing equipment (drum-type mixers, mixing and charging machine), the mass ratio of the loaded components, their structure (granules, powder) and geometric dimensions. The proposed method and its variants are made explosive mixture of options 1 and 2.

The proposed method for the manufacture of explosive mixtures and its variants provide process safety and uniformity of mixing, eliminates sticking of components on the walls of the mixer.

The production process of the explosive mixture in the mixer drum-type periodic steps:

- the use of explosive fuel in granular form - first served granular explosive fuel, then inorganic oxidizer, the contents stirred until a uniform distribution of components in the mixture fed a liquid non-explosive fuel, mix until a uniform distribution on the surface of the inorganic oxidizer and explosive fuel, and then served nonexplosive solid fuel in powder form and content of the mixer is mixed to education ready vzryva the th mixture;

- the use of explosive fuel in cheshireman or powdered form - first in the amalgamator inorganic oxidizer, then nonexplosive liquid fuel, the contents mixed until a homogeneous mixture, then served explosive fuel, mix until a uniform distribution, then served nonexplosive fuel in powder form and is mixed before the formation of the finished explosive mixtures with explosive fuel is dosed two to three times with stirring after each batch.

The process of production of explosive mixtures in the mixing-charging machines, screw type, for example, MH-3 or MH-3A: depending on the composition of the explosive mixture to the hopper of the machine is divided by transverse partitions into independent compartments, each of which is loaded inorganic oxidizer, or an explosive or nonexplosive solid fuel, or a granular mixture, which is formed by the simultaneous supply of the components in the mixer or by pre-mixing.

The boot order of the compartments of the mixing-charging machine:

- the use of explosive fuel in granular form the first compartment is loaded inorganic oxidizer; the second explosive fuel; and the third non-explosive poroshkoobraznym fuel. Desire is the W component is carried out through loading Windows, located above the longitudinal auger. The auger rotates, its coils drags coming from the first compartment inorganic oxidant from the second compartment granulated explosive fuel, as you move the components in the auger is stirring, from the third compartment to the mixture of the two components is fed powdered non-explosive fuel, and as you move components in the longitudinal auger is stirring. Liquid non-explosive fuel is fed into the mixture of the solid components at the entrance of their cross auger, which completes the mixing of all components, with formation of explosive mixtures;

- the use of explosive fuel in cheshireman or powdered form - the first compartment is loaded part of the inorganic oxidizer, the second is a loose mixture of the remaining part of the inorganic oxidizer with non-explosive fuel, the third - explosive fuel. The remaining non-explosive fuel - liquid - served in a mixture of solid components at the entrance of their transverse auger. The working procedure of the mixing-charging machine is similar to the above;

- the use of explosive fuel in granular and/or cheshireman, and/or powdered form - the first compartment is loaded loose mixture part of the inorganic oxidizer with explosive fuel, the second compartment is loose what MESU remaining portion of the inorganic oxidizer with a part of the non-explosive fuel, the remaining non-explosive fuel - liquid - served in a mixture of solid components at the entrance of their transverse auger after mixing of granular mixtures.

The proposed method for the manufacture of explosive mixtures options 1-3 in the order selected feed component to the mix to ensure an even distribution of explosives or flammable in granular and/or cheshireman, and/or powder form, non-explosive combustible (liquid and solid) in the environment of an oxidising agent, retains the porous structure of the powdery non-explosive fuel and inorganic oxidizer, thereby provides additional sensitization explosive mixture achieves the consistency of the component composition during storage, transportation and loading of boreholes and wells, high detonation parameters and completeness of detonation.

Given the interchangeability nonexplosive solid and liquid combustible, explosive, flammable, were grouped produced by the proposed method and its variants and tested in industrial conditions the samples explosive mixture of option 1 (table 5) and option 2 (table 6).

As follows from the data of table 5 and 6, by changing the ratio between the components in the claimed range, you can adjust the heat of explosion and detonation parameters of explosive mixture, which enables to design the blasting operations. TCD is wdata a mixture of options 1, 2 is made on any of the options 1-3 method of manufacturing as in drum-type mixers, and mixing-charging machines. The cost of the explosive mixture is reduced by 10-20%. The proposed explosive mixture Palit, non-caking, stable during storage and application.

The safety of the manufacture, transportation, storage and use, reliability blasting borehole charge of the inventive explosive mixture is provided as the selection of components, their ratio, and the method of manufacture of explosive mixtures. Loading wells produced by the existing technology of blasting using full-initiation systems.

Declare explosive mixture and its variation with different values of the energy and detonation characteristics allows to form the combined borehole charges by sharing the inventive explosive mixtures with industrial explosives in a certain ratio (for example, explosive mixtures or with a positive oxygen balance with granulation or lumocolor having a negative oxygen balance, OBR, 50, 57 with negative oxygen balance with ammonium nitrate with a positive oxygen balance).

In both variants of the inventive explosive mixtures is achieved based the Noah effect:

- increased susceptibility to initiating pulse - critical the diameter of the open detonation of the charge 40-90 mm;

- improving the safety of the manufacture and application by reducing sensitivity to mechanical impact;

- expansion of the resource base and the range of manufactured explosives through the use of local raw materials on the ground blasting;

the reduced cost due to the production of explosive mixtures in the field blasting on local raw materials, reduction of transportation of raw materials, reduce input costly explosive combustible to 1.0 wt.%;

- expanding the use of explosive mixtures - blasting operations on the rocks and ores of different strength, the formation of the combined borehole charges by sharing the inventive explosive mixtures with industrial explosives or ammonium nitrate.

When using explosive mixtures of option 2, containing urea, is achieved by the additional technical result - drilling and blasting operations on sulfacetamide rocks and ores.

This technical result of the invention is achieved by the selected components, the ratio between non-explosive and explosive fuel, between non-explosive fuel and oxidant, the ratio between liquid and solid of Newry the striated fuel, calculated by the proposed formula, providing optimal values of the completeness of the conversion of the oxidant and the fuel, velocity of detonation. This technical result of the invention can also be achieved by the proposed method of manufacture and its variants.

In a production environment developed manufacturing process of the inventive explosive mixtures and its variants in the drum-type mixers and mixing-charging machines fitted with the screw feed system components.

Declare explosive mixture tested with positive results in the breaking of rocks of different strength (the strength coefficient to 20 on the scale DEA), and option 2 still rocks of different chemical composition. The loading of the wells was carried out both manual and mechanized methods.

Sources of information:

1. Patent of Russia №2194030.

2. Patent of Russia №2130447.

3. Patent of Russia №2185354.

4. Patent of Russia №2128156.

5. Patent of Russia №2120929.

6. Patent Poland No. 257767.

7. Patent Poland No. 259900.

8. Patent of great Britain No. 2192627.

9. Patent of Ukraine No. 23400.

10. L.V. Dubnov, NS Baharevich, A.I. Novels “Industrial explosives, M., Nedra, 1988, s.

11. Patent of Russia №2197455.

12. Patent of Russia №2199514.

13. Patent of Russia №2219151.

14. Patent of Russia №2203873.

16. Patent of Russia №2105951.

17. Patent of Russia №2111941.

18. Patent of Russia №2179164.

19. Patent of Russia №2185595.

1. Explosive mixture comprising inorganic oxidizer, explosive and non-explosive fuel, characterized in that as an explosive fuel it contains RDX, and/or TNT, or disposed fusible mixtures of TNT with RDX and/or aluminum in a granular and/or powder and/or flakes, as a nonexplosive fuel it contains non-explosive liquid fuel - liquid petroleum, or coal or oil, or a mixture of non-explosive liquid fuel with a non-explosive solid fuel - wood processing products and/or solid combustible minerals in powder form as inorganic oxidant it contains ammonium nitrate or a mixture thereof with calcium and/or sodium and/or potassium nitrate is mi in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

RDX, and/or TNT, or disposable

fusible mixtures of TNT with RDX and/or

aluminum in granular and/or

powder, and/or cheshireman

the form, liquid petroleum, or

coal or vegetable

oil, or a mixture of liquid oil product

or coal or vegetable

oils and products of wood processing

and/or solid fuels are useful

minerals in powder form 6,2-42,0

Ammonium nitrate or a mixture thereof with

calcium and/or sodium and/or

potassium-nitrate Else

the ratio of the non-explosive and explosive fuel is from 6.1:1 to 1:45, flammable and non-explosive ammonium nitrate or its mixture with calcium and/or sodium and/or potassium-nitrate is from 1:15.5 to 1:80, and the content of non-explosive liquid fuel (n_W, %) and non-explosive solid fuel (n_{i t}, %) is calculated by the formula

in the absence of non-explosive solid fuel content nonexplosive liquid fuel is calculated by the formula

where n_{i sh}- mass fraction of bursts is striated fuel i=1, 2...p;

n_{i t}- mass fraction of non-explosive solid fuel, i=1, 2...m;

To_W, K_{i t}, K_{i sh}To_about, oxygen balances non-explosive liquid combustible, non-explosive solid combustible, explosive fuel, an inorganic oxidizing agent, %;

To_cm- oxygen balance of the explosive mixture, %.

2. The mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that ammonium nitrate it contains powdered and/or granular solid, and/or granulated porous ammonium nitrate and/or their mixture in any proportion.

3. The mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the quality of liquid oil it contains diesel fuel, or heating oil, or mineral oil, or waste mineral oil.

4. The mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the quality of products of wood processing, it contains lignin or cellulose, or wood flour, or charcoal, or a mixture.

5. The mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the quality of products of processing of solid fuel minerals it contains brown or coal, or kerogen, or peat, or a mixture.

6. The mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that as TNT it contains recyclable TNT.

7. The mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that as TNT in granular form it contains granulator.

8. The mixture is according to claim 1, characterized in that, as it contains RDX phlegmatized RDX.

9. Explosive mixture comprising inorganic oxidizer, explosive and non-explosive fuel, characterized in that as an explosive fuel it contains RDX, and/or TNT, or disposed fusible mixtures of TNT with RDX and/or aluminum in a granular and/or powder and/or flakes, as a nonexplosive fuel it contains non-explosive liquid fuel - liquid petroleum, or coal or oil, or a mixture of non-explosive liquid combustible and non-explosive solid fuel - products of wood processing and/or solid combustible minerals in powder form and urea as additional solid fuel, as inorganic oxidizer it contains ammonium nitrate or a mixture thereof with calcium and/or sodium and/or potassium-nitrate in the following ratio, wt.%:

RDX, and/or TNT, or disposable

fusible mixtures of TNT with RDX and/or

aluminum in granular and/or

powder, and/or cheshireman

the form, liquid petroleum, or

coal or vegetable

oil, or a mixture of liquid oil product

or coal or vegetable

oils and products of wood processing

or solid fuels are useful

minerals in powder

and urea 7,7-48,0

Ammonium nitrate or a mixture thereof with

calcium and/or sodium and/or

potassium-nitrate Else

the ratio of the non-explosive and explosive fuel is between 7.4:1 to 1:24, flammable and non-explosive ammonium nitrate or its mixture with calcium and/or sodium and/or potassium-nitrate is from 1:8.9 to 1:40, and the content of non-explosive liquid fuel (n_W, %) and non-explosive solid fuel (n_{i t}, %) is calculated by the formula

in the absence of non-explosive solid fuel content nonexplosive liquid fuel is calculated by the formula

where n_{i sh}- mass fraction of explosive fuel, i=1, 2...p;

n_{i t}- mass fraction of non-explosive solid fuel, i=1, 2...m;

n_carb- mass fraction of urea;

To_W, K_{i t}To_carb, K_{i sh}To_about, oxygen balances non-explosive liquid combustible, non-explosive solid fuel, urea, explosive is th fuel inorganic oxidizer, %;

To_cm- oxygen balance of the explosive mixture, %.

10. The mixture according to claim 9, characterized in that ammonium nitrate it contains powdered and/or granular solid, and/or granulated porous ammonium nitrate and/or their mixture in any proportion.

11. The mixture according to claim 9, characterized in that the quality of liquid oil it contains diesel fuel, or heating oil, or mineral oil, or waste mineral oil.

12. The mixture according to claim 9, characterized in that the quality of products of wood processing, it contains lignin or cellulose, or wood flour, or charcoal, or a mixture.

13. The mixture according to claim 9, characterized in that the quality of products of processing of solid fuel minerals it contains brown or coal, or kerogen, or peat, or a mixture.

14. The mixture according to claim 9, characterized in that as TNT it contains recyclable TNT.

15. The mixture according to claim 9, characterized in that as TNT in granular form it contains granulator.

16. The mixture according to claim 9, characterized in that as it contains RDX phlegmatized RDX.

17. The method of manufacture of explosive mixtures, including mechanical mixing of inorganic oxidizer, flammable and non-explosive explosive is aruego, characterized in that the manufacture of explosive mixture according to claim 1 or 9, with the use of explosive fuel in granular form first produce mechanical mixing granulated explosive fuel with an inorganic oxidizing agent until a homogeneous mixture, the resulting mixture alternately mechanically mixed with the other part of nonexplosive and explosive flammable with mixing after adding each non-explosive and explosive fuel, and the use of explosive fuel in cheshireman and/or powdered form inorganic oxidizer alternately mechanically mixed with each non-explosive combustible and explosive fuel in any order.

18. The method according to 17, characterized in that the explosive fuel in cheshireman and/or powdered form is served on mechanical mixing portions in two or three doses with stirring after the filing of each portion.

19. The method of manufacture of explosive mixtures, including mechanical mixing of inorganic oxidizer, non-explosive combustible and explosive fuel, characterized in that the manufacture of explosive mixture according to claim 1 or 9, with the use of explosive fuel in granular form first mechanically mixed explosive fuel in granular form with the part neorganic the ski oxidant, then the resulting mixture is mechanically mixed with a loose mixture of the remaining part of the inorganic oxidizer and part non-explosive fuel, formed by simultaneous application of mechanical mixing or pre-mechanical mixing, after which the resulting mixture is mechanically mixed with the remaining part of the non-explosive fuel, and the use of explosive fuel in cheshireman or powdered form first mechanical mixing of the inorganic oxidizer with a loose mixture of the remaining part of the inorganic oxidizer and part non-explosive fuel, formed by simultaneous application of mechanical mixing or pre-mechanical mixing, and then the resulting mixture is mechanically mixed with explosive fuel, and the remaining part of the non-explosive fuel.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that the explosive fuel in cheshireman or powdered form is served on mechanical mixing portions in two or three doses with stirring after the filing of each portion.

21. The method of manufacture of explosive mixtures, including mechanical mixing of inorganic oxidizer, non-explosive combustible and explosive fuel, characterized in that the manufacture of explosive mixture according to claim 1 or 9, with the first milling the Eski mix the mixture part of the inorganic oxidizer and part nonexplosive fuel with a loose mixture of the remaining part of the inorganic oxidizer and explosive fuel in granular, and/or cheshireman, and/or powder form, then the resulting mixture is mechanically mixed with the remaining part of the non-explosive fuel, while the granular mixture is part of the inorganic oxidizer and part non-explosive fuel and bulk mixture of the remaining part of the inorganic oxidizer and explosive fuel form by simultaneous supply of components for mechanical mixing or by prior mechanical mixing.

22. The method according to item 21, characterized in that as the granular mixture remaining portion of the inorganic oxidizer and explosive fuel use Ammonite or Grammont, and as a free-flowing mixture part of the inorganic oxidizer and part nonexplosive fuel use igdanit or granola.