Solid fuel low-temperature gas-generating composition

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to solid fuel gas-generating compositions. The solid fuel low-temperature gas-generating composition contains ZV ammonium nitrate, guanylurea dinitramide and methylpolyvinyltetrazole.

EFFECT: invention ensures high gas output, low temperature of combustion products, absence of environmentally unfriendly chlorine compounds in combustion products, low sensitivity to detonation and mechanical effects.

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The invention relates to the field of gas-generating techniques, namely high-energy low-temperature solid gas-generating compositions, and can be used in various fire extinguishing systems-based generators, independent lifting of sunken objects, airbags vehicles, systems of intensification of oil production.

Known a number of solid gas-generating compositions based on ammonium nitrate [1, 2, 4], which are characterized by high getpointatlength and burning rate.

The disadvantage, for example in [1], is the presence of ammonium perchlorate and HMX, resulting in products of combustion of toxic chlorine compounds, and the presence of HMX as explosives leads to increased sensitivity to mechanical and chemical influences. Furthermore, the presence of ammonium perchlorate and HMX in the solid gas-generating composition leads to a substantial increase in the temperature of the combustion products, which limits its scope.

Known gas-generating compositions [2], characterized by low temperature combustion products. Scarcity is the presence in the composition of the compounds containing chlorine (ammonium chloride), which also leads to the appearance of toxic products shoranur this phase stabilization of ammonium nitrate, used in such compositions, achieved using additive metal compounds, which, in turn, as presented in [3], reduces the service life of structures. In addition, consider the ammonium nitrate contains 15 wt.% photostabilizers additives, which leads to a considerable decrease in its oxidation potential.

Known gas-forming composition [4], consisting of a hydride of aluminum and potassium perchlorate. Its disadvantage is due to the presence in its composition of the hydride of aluminium, which dramatically increases the explosive composition at all stages of its production and operation. The presence of potassium perchlorate leads to the formation of toxic chlorine compounds in the combustion process, which is also undesirable factor. In the case of mixed oxidant ammonium nitrate/ammonium perchlorate [4] results in the release of toxic chlorine compounds. Such compositions are characterized by unstable ignition and combustion under normal pressure.

Thus, the known solid gas-generating compositions are characterized by instability properties of ammonium nitrate as the oxidizer, high temperature products of combustion, the presence of toxic chlorine compounds (HCl, and others) in the combustion products, low getpointatlength, high sensitivity to detonation and mechanical stress, low / min net is using combustion and low Flammability at low pressures, which significantly limits their functionality and to acquire the application.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is the solid gas-generating composition [prototype, 5]. As oxidant is used photostabilization ammonium nitrate (AN), as a binder mixture based on metrial trinitrate (TMETN), 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN), diglycol dinitrate (DEGDN), as an energy Supplement containing combustible elements are used HMX (NMH) and hexogen (RDX). In the composition as photostabilizers additives ammonium nitrate uses NiO, as shown in the literature [3], leads to instability properties of ammonium nitrate in the plan phase of stabilization, this brand of ammonium nitrate can not withstand more than 10-15 cycles of thermal loading and polymorphic transitions in the crystal lattice is restored, which is unacceptable in the compositions of the gas-generating compositions. The presence in the composition of HMX and RDX leads to high temperature products of combustion and high sensitivity to detonation and mechanical structures. In addition, this composition is characterized by low burning rate and high latency ignition. The introduction of the HMX and RDX by reducing the content of ammonium nitrate Pref which leads to the decrease of the parameter.

The proposed solution is aimed at creating a solid gas-generating composition capable of, while maintaining the high speed burning, high-level parameter, low vzryvoopasnosti composition, absence of toxic compounds in the products of combustion, low temperature combustion products to ensure good Flammability of the compositions and high speed combustion under normal conditions and can be used in various generators and crafts, working at low pressures, require high getpointatlength, low temperature combustion products and the absence of toxic compounds in the combustion products, as well as low sensitivity to detonation and mechanical stress. The proposed technical solution provided by the presence in the gas-generating composition is first applied ammonium nitrate stamps WW and dinitramide ganymedian, as well as the presence of metroliikenteesta. The proposed composition, wt.%: ammonium nitrate stamps WW - 60-70; dinitramide ganymedian - 20-25; metropolitanisation - the rest is up to 100.

Improved stability properties of ammonium nitrate due to the use of photostabilization ammonium nitrate mark WW, increasing the speed of combustion and the reduction of delay time in which primeneniya are provided by the use of dinitramide ganymedian, increasing the parameter determined by the use of ammonium nitrate stamps WW and dinitramide ganymedian, the decrease in sensitivity is achieved by using dinitramide ganymedian and metroliikenteesta, the absence of toxic compounds in the products of combustion due to the absence of chlorine-containing compounds in the proposed structure (see table).

As the oxidant used photostabilization ammonium nitrate stamps WW. Ammonium nitrate provides a high content of oxidizing chlorine-free compounds in the products of decomposition, characterized by low temperature. First used in gas-generating compositions of dinitramide ganymedian provides additional exothermic heat effect in the temperature range of decomposition of ammonium nitrate, which leads to the intensification of the process of combustion of the composition and facilitate ignition. The introduction of metroliikenteesta provides the required level of mechanical properties.

The proposed structure allows us to solve the problem of low efficiency of combustion (low burning rate, large energy-and-mass loss in slag formation and agglomeration) due to the intensification of heat in the condensed phase in the temperature interval corresponding term is ical decomposition of ammonium nitrate.

To test the effectiveness of the proposed structure were experimental bench tests on the Experimental test station FSUE FR & PC Altai, which confirmed the high efficiency of the proposed structure.

Solid low-temperature gas-generating composition comprising an oxidizer, a fuel and a binder, characterized in that as an oxidizer it contains ammonium nitrate mark WW, as fuel - dinitramide ganymedian, as a binder - metropolitanisation at the following content, wt.%: