The method of harvesting solodkova thickets and device for its implementation

IPC classes for russian patent The method of harvesting solodkova thickets and device for its implementation (RU 2116719):

A01D91/02 - Products growing in the soil

A01D25/02 - Machines with rigid tools

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Root crops harvesting machine / 2447644

Invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in machines for harvesting root crops. The root crops harvesting machine comprises a main frame, the rack with a lift device fixed on it, root-taking discs, two beaters and a screw cleaner. The cleaner is designed as two successively mounted sets, each of which consists of two screws, a roll and a support bracket. Over the second screw of the front set a spring-loaded guide in the form of a gear wall is mounted.

(57) Abstract:

Usage: agriculture in the extraction of roots in malt thickets. The inventive cutting surface soil layer is performed with root tails and Karabash. In Solodkova thickets define the contours of the external borders of that age are divided into groups at intervals of three to four years, moving from the outer boundary to the inner. Then determine the center of the parent roots and bushes hang two symmetrically offset from the centers thickets equidistant line passes for cutting a narrow vertical slits of a width not exceeding 2 cm and a depth of 60-70 cm spacing between cracks in the groups with a lower age is reduced from 2.0 to 1.4 m, and podkapyvanii and removing the roots and rhizomes produced after two or three years. On the frame 14 of the device for implementing the method posted by linkage, supporting wheels 16 and front-knife 17. The frame 14 has an additional beams 22 and 23 mounted in the cavity of the frame 14 can move along its axis, and the brackets 21, 24, 25 for installation of the racks of knives 17, one of which is placed in the middle of the frame 14, and the other two at the ends of the additional beams 22 and 23. Each of the racks of knives are flat with Vaughn is their invention provides increased productivity of natural vegetation, the reduction of material costs, the production of standard roots and protect the soil from erosion. 2 S. and 1 C.p. f-crystals, 3 ill.

The invention relates to agriculture and the agricultural industry, in particular to methods of cleaning of licorice roots and devices for cutting connecterra layers of the soil.

A known method of harvesting the roots of plants, mainly licorice containing cutting the upper part of the roots, podkapyvanii and retrieval of conditioned their fractions of land, in order to prevent wind erosion and desiccation of the soil cutting the upper part of the roots is carried out by removing the surface layer of the earth, move it around without wrapping on the removed part of the field (ed. St. USSR N 904563, class A 01 D 91/02, declared 20.08.80, published. 15.02.82).

The obstacles to achieve the desired technical result when using the known method is the low level of the extracted conditional roots.

The closest way to the same destination to the claimed object on the totality of symptoms is the method of harvesting the roots of plants, mainly liquorice, including mowing aboveground parts of the plant, cutting the surface layer with corn is s, in order for a more complete cleaning of the roots and improve the reproducibility of licorice before moving surface soil layer to the cleaned area of the field open furrow with soil roll, then in the furrow laid topsoil, compacted it and cover with a layer of soil, destroying soil swath; with the aim of better compaction of the surface soil layer before moving cut into pieces (ed. St. USSR N 1184470, class A 01 D 91/02, declared 26.04.84, published. 15.10.85). This method is adopted for the prototype.

For the reason that impede the achievement of the desired result when using the known method, taken as a prototype, is that unproductive bushes before the harvest cut into small pieces, including roots, rhizomes and Karabash. Then cut the pieces in random order placed in layers of soil to a depth of 60 cm, and in order to save them, repeatedly rolled down. After such extraction technology of licorice roots in natural thickets requires at least 7 to 8 years to reach the surface of the field appeared vegetative and partial shoots from Solodkova roots and Karabash. The number of conditioned roots at harvest in the described way does not exceed 15 - 20%.

Known machine does not provide the desired cutting depth of the layers of the soil. Drives reels maximum depth of cut soil is 10 to 15 refer To separate rope roots, rhizomes and Karabash from the Central parent root is required hack vertical slits depth of 60 - 70 mi.

The closest device of the same purpose to the declared object on the totality of symptoms is mounted Ripper PH-60, consisting of a frame with a hinge, two supporting wheels, circular knife with a diameter of 800 mm, rack-knife set at an angle of 60^oto the horizon (Barsukov, A. F. Elenov A. C. Quick reference agricultural machinery. 2nd ed., extra - M.: Kolos, 1974, S. 118 - 120).

The obstacles to achieve the desired technical result when using the known device, taken as a prototype, is that despite the ability of rychlosti extract licorice roots and Karabash. Last on the surface thickets licorice dry. Wide slot (up to 60 mm) having a negative impact on the survival rate of licorice roots and new korneobrazovateley. For cutting slots with a variable step takes a long changeover rack-knife.

~~The problem to which the invention is directed is the provision of conditionnot produced roots.~~

The effect and the technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention, expressed in increasing the productivity of natural thickets of licorice per unit area when the reduction in unit material costs, energy and labor, the production of standard roots and tubers with a high content of glycerites and flavanoids, the protection of soil from erosion.

The effect and the technical result in the implementation of the invention are achieved in that in the known method of cleaning Solodkova vegetation, including cutting the surface layer of the soil with root tails and Karabash, podkapyvanii and extract of the rhizomes and roots, in the above-mentioned thickets reveal the contours of the external borders of that age are divided into groups at intervals of three to four years, peremeshayt two symmetrically offset from the centers thickets equidistant line passes for cutting a narrow vertical slits of a width not exceeding 2 cm and a depth of 60 70 cm, and the spacing between the slits in the groups with a lower age reduced from 2.0 m to 1.4 m, and podkapyvanii and removing the roots and rhizomes produced after two or three years.

In the device for cutting connecterra layers of soil that contains a frame, hitch, wheels and rack-knife, new is the fact that the frame is provided with an additional beams installed in the cavity of the frame and is provided for movement along its axis, and mounting brackets rack-knives, one of which is placed on the middle of the frame, and the other two at the ends of the additional beams, with each of the racks of knives are flat with a concave-curved cutting edge on the front side and sliding a bit on the lower section; additional beam is kinematically connected to the frame of the opposed set of power cylinders.

Conducted by the applicant's analysis of the level of technology (methods and techniques, including searching by the patent and scientific and technical information sources and identify sources that contain information about the equivalents of the claimed invention, has allowed to establish that the applicant is not detected similar (in terms of both the method and the device for implementing the method), characterized by the person and the device allowed to identify a set of essential towards perceived by the applicant to the technical result of the distinctive features in the claimed method and device for implementing the method, set forth in the claims.

~~Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "novelty" by applicable law.~~

To verify compliance of the claimed invention to the requirement of "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search of the known methods and technical solutions in order to identify characteristics that match the distinctive features of the prototype of the characteristics of the claimed invention. The test results show that the claimed invention should not be for the specialist explicitly known level of technology and equipment, in particular the claimed invention does not provide a known transformation.

~~Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "inventive step" by applicable law.~~

In Fig. 1 shows the layout of Solodkova thickets, their areas, broken out by age groups, and areas of crafts slits made congruent lines, view in plan; Fig. 2 - a device for cutting connecterra layers of soil, side view; Fig. 3 - same view in the plan.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention, zakljucaju determine the contours Solodkova thickets. The outer limit 1 in thickets licorice is determined by the partial annual shoots. Milestones mark the outline of the border 1. Next on vegetative shoots mark the border size 2 of the area occupied by the roots at the age of three to four years. In zone 3 between the boundaries 1 and 2 specify the age of the roots and rhizomes of licorice. To do this, make excavations soil layer with dimensions of control plots 0,4 0,4 m the Excavations carried out in pit depth to 0.6 m Remove the roots and rhizomes. A special knife made by a clean cross section of the roots and the annual rings specify the age of the roots in zone 3. Border 4 in the Central part of the thickets set the oppressed types of vegetative shoots. The older licorice hedge, the less the height of vegetative shoots. Pegs height of 0.7 - 1.0 m mark the border 4 in zone 5. In order stakes and markers on the borders of 1, 2 and 4 were distinguishable, they hang flags of red, green and yellow. Between boundaries 1, 2 and 4 will be designated as zone 3, 5 and 6. In the Central zone 5 beam vegetative shoots determine the position of the parent root 7. For this purpose, the surface layer of soil with hands open to a depth of 7 to 12 cm and clarify the structure spiritoso root the correctness of the center malt is eraut passages of the unit for cutting the vertical layers connecterra layers of the soil. In zones 5 frames mark the first passages for crafts slits 8 and 9 at a distance of 4 and from each other. In zones 6 the distance between the slits 10 and 11 is reduced from 2.0 m to 1.8 to 1.6 m Doing equidistant from each other slits 8 - 11 in zones 3 perform slots 12 and 13 in increments of between 1.4 meters Slit 8 to 13 form a width not more than 2 cm at a depth of 60 - 70 see When cutting roots, rhizomes and Karabash licorice due to their injuries revival of dormant buds. Their intensive growth leads to partial shoots and new vegetative stems. This leads to the fact that cut off from the parent root 7 rhizomes intense accumulation of nutrients and an increase in the mass of roots. Made vertical slots 8 - 13 in the soil provide access licorice roots of atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen. The amount of precipitation on the walls of the cracks penetrate into the lower soil horizons. This factor also contributes to the rapid development of plant roots. Narrow slits 8 to 13 prevent drying of roots and rhizomes of licorice. When the distance between the slits in the range of 1.4 - 2.0 m a big part of the root system thickets licorice remains intact, which leads to the accelerated recovery of all tsya output conforming fraction of roots and rhizomes of licorice, Cleaning roots in the thickets licorice produced by known methods.

To implement the described method uses a device for cutting connecterra layers of the soil (Fig. 2 and 3), which contains a frame 14, an arm 15 for attachment mounted on a tractor of the class thrust 3 (DT-75M), supporting wheels 16 and the counter-knife 17. The frame 14 is in the form of a hollow square beam cross-section 150 150 8 mm, the length of the timber frame 14 is equal to 2600 mm In the Central part of the frame 14 posted by a bracket 15, which is optionally connected to the frame gussets 18. On the front part of the frame 14 by pairs of brackets 19 and the axis 20 with a possibility of free rotation of the wheels are 16 with hard metal rims with a diameter of 650 mm, Frame 14 is equipped with a bracket 21, is made in the form of a plate thickness of 20 mm Bracket 21 on the frame 14 is installed in the longitudinal-vertical plane of symmetry of the device. In the internal cavity of the frame beams 14 posted by additional beams 22 and 23. Beams 22 and 23 are made of square profiles section 140 140 8 mm On the left and right ends of beams 22 and 23 posted by brackets 24 and 25. At the ends of the additional beams 22 and 23 are offset from the brackets 24 and 25 welded brackets 26 and 27. The brackets 26 and 27 additional beams 22 and 23 of the fingers 28 is STANAG 30, mounted on the rear face of the frame 14.

On the brackets 21, 24 and 25 by means of pairs of bolts 31 and lugs 32 installed rack-knives 17. Each hour-knife 17 is made of sheet metal with a thickness of 20 mm On the front of the rack-knife 17 is made of a curved-concave cutting edge 33. The cutting edge 33 is formed by sharpening the sidewalls of the rack-knife 17 at an angle of 12 - 15^o. On the lower section of the rack is made of an inclined hole, in which is installed with the possibility of moving the bit 34. The position of the bit 34 at the lower section of the rack-knife 17 is fixed by pins 35.

~~The described device implements the proposed method of increasing the productivity thickets licorice with subsequent cleaning as follows.~~

Bracket automatic couplers attached to the lower longitudinal thrust attached to the tractor and connect the finger with a Central top link. Traction system mounted mounted tractor set on a three-point scheme setup. The frame 14 with the bracket 15 is connected by means of automatic couplers. Subarus posted by power cylinder 29 by means of two tees and sleeves of a high pressure hydraulically connected to separately aggregate gidravlicheskiy instrument under its own weight on the rods hinged system is lowered from the transport position into the working position.

When moving due to the weight of the device and the sharp cutting edges of the bit 34 and rack-knives 17 rush in karastergiou layer of soil. The depth of the racks of knives 17 more than 70 cm is limited to the supporting wheels 16. When fully recessed rack-knives 17 stop the tractor and check the vertical position of the bracket 15 of the frame 14. When inconsistencies in the length of the top link of the tractor achieve strict vertical position. This ensures that required in the job position of each of the bit 34 and the rack-knife 17.

At the hack of the first group of slits 8 and 9 (Fig. 1) side stand-knives 17 from the Central knife 17 is shifted to the extreme limit position. When the transport position of the frame 14 of the tractor with the left section of the valve supplies pressure oil in the Rodless cylinders cavity power cylinders 29. The rod of the power cylinder 29 through the fingers 28 and the brackets 26 and 27 nominate additional beams 22 and 23 together with the brackets 24 and 25. In this case, the distance between the posts-knives 17 is equal to 2000 mm When driving the tractor with the device in the thickets of licorice are three vertical cracks along equidistant lines. Unit moves in the thickets of licorice in a circular way. When moving the unit from the centers zi-knives 17, consequently, between the slits 12 and 13.

Thus, the above data confirm that the implementation of the use of the claimed invention cumulative conditions: the claimed method and device for its implementation are intended for use in agriculture at the crafts narrow slit width of 2 cm and a depth of 60 - 70 cm to increase the productivity of the wild thicket; the possibility of carrying out the invention is achieved by means of known methods and tools; the proposed method of cleaning of licorice roots of wild vegetation, the essence of which is that the first roots and rhizomes are cut, then within 2 to 3 years to allow them to develop rapidly, and then make cleaning the roots - high efficiency, achieved at all stages of the life cycle of plants licorice, starting from the initiation of dormant buds on the roots of their growth to the accumulation of valuable components in the roots to the period of cleaning; cleaning refers to intensive technologies improve productivity of wild thickets of licorice and together with the positive effect on the soil; the technical result of the proposed device for implementing the method is achieved with the simple structure, the use of sabreena meets the requirement of "industrial applicability" under the current law.

1. The method of harvesting Solodkova vegetation, including cutting the surface layer of the soil with root tails and Karabash, podkapyvanii and extract of the rhizomes and roots, characterized in that Solodkova thickets define the contours of the external borders of that age are divided into groups at intervals of three to four years, moving from the outer boundary to the inner, and then determine the centers of maternal roots and bushes hang two symmetrically offset from the centers thickets equidistant line passes for cutting a narrow vertical slits of a width not exceeding 2 cm and a depth of 60 - 70 cm when this step between the cracks in the groups with a lower age reduced from 2 to 1.4 m, and podkapyvanii and removing the roots and rhizomes produced after two or three years.

2. Device for cleaning Solodkova thickets containing frame, hitch, wheels and rack-knife, characterized in that the frame is provided with an additional beams installed in the cavity of the frame and is provided for movement along its axis mounting brackets rack-knives, one of which is placed on the middle of the frame, and the other two at the ends of the additional beams, with each of the racks of knives made flat to concave the 3. The device according to p. 2, wherein the additional beam is kinematically connected to the frame of the opposed set of power cylinders.