Building block

IPC classes for russian patent Building block (RU 2513228):

E04C1/00 - STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS (for bridges E01D; specially designed for insulation or other protection E04B; elements used as building aids E04G; for mining E21; for tunnels E21D; structural elements with broader range of application than for building engineering F16, particularly F16S)

Another patents in same IPC classes:

Non-detachable construction curb / 2510635

Invention relates to construction industry, in particular, to one of types of construction equipment - non-detachable curb with lining external surfaces from slabs, for use in monolithic housing construction. A non-detachable construction curb comprises external and internal slabs, installed at a certain distance from each other to from an inner volume for installation of reinforcement and filling with construction filler, and connecting links between the slabs. Links are made as connected pairwise metal brackets, each of which is at one side fixed on the inner surface of one slab, and end parts of brackets have 4 strips with engaged teeth, limiting stops and response windows for teeth, at the same time end parts of engaged strips are made of two types, some of them in the tail part have a stepped site, on which there is an engagement tooth and a limiting stop in the form of stamped ledges, and other engaged strips have response rectangular windows for engaged teeth, at the same time edges of engaged strips, on which there are teeth, have flanging with width of 5-7 mm, bent by 8-10° from the plane of the bracket shelf towards the opposite side from the tooth.

Method of construction and multi-layer universal light block for its realisation / 2501920

Method of construction includes erection of frame in the form of reinforced concrete monolithic structures, formation of external walls from multi-layer light heat insulation panels with application of glue. The foundation, monolithic reinforced concrete slabs with coaxial holes in them and vertical columns are linked to a standard series of multi-layer universal light heat-moisture-noise-insulating heat-resistant blocks in all planes, and the frame of the facility is formed with account of the loads from physical masses of external walls, internal partitions and other necessary elements. Ends of monolithic slabs along the entire perimetre are closed with rectangular chutes with an insulant, they are rigidly fixed on the monolithic slab, afterwards they start erecting the external walls and internal partitions, at the same time in the beginning they install an angular multi-layer universal light block, the places of adjacency are previously coated with glue, it is fixed to the vertical column with the bracket, the second block is put against it, which has been previously coated with glue in places of adjacency, and into a vertical lock formed as two blocks are joined, a figured rack is inserted so that it enters the coaxial hole in the monolithic slab and so on, and the blocks of the second and subsequent rows are inserted with a ledge on the lower surface, into the slot on the upper surface of the blocks, etc. Blocks are laid row by row, simultaneously window, door and arc openings are formed, at the same time the surfaces of universal light blocks inside the object of construction at both sides may be closed by standard strengthened noise and moisture protective fireproof sheets with high adhesive capacity, which simultaneously cover several blocks. Also a multi-layer universal light block is described.

Building module (versions) and method to erect building walls using building modules (versions) / 2500862

Building module comprises a base element, formed from silicate bricks, extruded gypsum-based bricks, foam concrete or aerated concrete blocks or ceramic extruded bricks, and having parallel bed surfaces, with at least two pairs of coaxial holes and fixing elements of straight and reverse cones placed in them. Axes of conical parts of fixing elements of straight cones and adjacent surfaces of collars, which determine the gap between layers of masonry, are made at the angle to the axes of seating surfaces of the same elements mounted in holes of the base element. Also the version of the module is described, as well as the versions of the method to erect building walls using the specified building modules.

Hollow construction block / 2492299

Invention relates to the field of monolithic construction of industrial and civil objects erected from the proposed hollow blocks comprising a single universal reinforcement base. The hollow construction block comprises outer and inner walls connected by links, and reinforcement elements, at the same time the walls are made from construction material, and the hollow block is made as capable of formation of the construction object by means of placement of multiple hollow blocks, external peripheral surfaces of outer and inner walls of which are in contact with similar surfaces of adjacent blocks. Reinforcement elements are placed inside the outer and inner walls and form the first frame in every of them, and links are made of reinforcement elements that fix the first frames of the outer and inner walls and in combination with reinforcement elements of the first frames that form the spatial reinforcement frame of the block, having reinforcement fixators, made as capable of connection of spatial reinforcement frames of adjacent blocks to form a single reinforced structure of the construction object, having a single cavity for simultaneous filling with construction material.

Collapsible support or frame structure / 2489554

Structural block comprises the first and second element, identical to the above first element, at the same time each of the above elements has, in general, a parallelogram shape with a central hole and a cut in one angle and inner walls formed at least in the above central hole, at the same time the above element rotates relative to the other element approximately at the angle of 180°, and each element has a truncated inner surface, partially formed by the above inner hole; each element is connected with the other element by means of stretching via the central hole of the other element and substantially closing this central hole, and each element has a face surface directed towards the appropriate face surface of the other element; above cuts are arranged along a diagonal axis stretching via the above elements and via the above windows; the above elements may turn along the above diagonal axis between the closed position, in which face surfaces contact with each other, and the open position, in which the above face surfaces are separated, and truncated inner surfaces of elements rest against each other and act as stops to limit movement of the above elements. Also a wall, a window for a building and an architectural structure using the above block are described.

Cellular-porous ceramic block to erect single-layer and multi-layer walls / 2466246

Cellular-porous ceramic block for erection of single-layer and multi-layer walls represents a rectangular parallelepiped comprising outer side stretcher and header faces and an inner structural-insulation structure made of rows of through cavities separated from each other with ceramic partitions and links and parallel to header faces of the block. Through cavities are arranged with displacement relative to each other in neighbouring rows for half of their width, besides, the block has vertical and horizontal slots, which protrude beyond the limits of the stretcher and bed faces by width of one cavity and thickness of a side face, and also a vertical mark at the centre of the stretcher side of the face.

Set of leave-in-place form by vv podsevalov / 2459913

Set of a leave-in-place form comprises a main wall block, an universal clip to fix wall blocks to each other, an above-opening link and a cover roof block. Blocks of a leave-in-place form are made of a hard polyurethane foam having high heat insulation and noise-absorbing properties with higher chemical resistance to exposure to salts available in concretes (aerated concretes), and also have a fabricated decorative finish of an outer surface on the face side made as a whole with the block, and at the inner side the block has a melted-in sheet profiled in accordance with the surface geometry on its surface, and/or an expanded steel sheet, and/or a close-meshed net.

Hollow building block / 2459052

Hollow building block, which has two side and two end walls, and at least one link parallel to end walls, which separates the block cavity. Its hollowness makes from 20% to 60%, and it is made of a mixture, which contains cement, swollen perlite sand, a solid filler with hardness of at least 1.25 and water with the following content of components, wt %: cement of grade 400 or 500 - 38-42%; swollen perlite sand of fraction 0.63…5 - 12-15%; solid filler of fraction 0…5 or 0…10 - 32-38%, water - 14-17%.

Duplicating material for making tiled building blocks / 2457303

Duplicating material to make tiled building blocks comprises webs of cellular and porous layers, which are thermally fixed to resist flaking from 0.01 to 0.19 kN/m, the cellular layer has surface density from 40 to 168 g/cm² and comprises smooth anti-sorption threadlike elements, the porous material has apparent density from 10 to 50 kg/m³, and the duplicated material has thickness from 1.0 to 3.0 mm.

Building element (versions) / 2434105

Building element consists of the main part and an additional part, where the main part of the building element is in the form of two or more walls, connected to each other along the whole length with the middle crosspieces, and the additional part is made in the form of a middle element that has one or several bars joined or not joined to each other with middle crosspieces, besides, in case when the middle element is in the form of joined bars, the main part of the building element has walls that are shortened at the top and at the bottom relative to the extreme walls, or one of two walls is shortened as much as the second one is extended, besides, the width of the shortened wall complies with width of the middle crosspiece between these walls, besides, both in the walls and in the middle crosspieces of the main element there are through vertical openings for the possibility to connect building elements between each other.

/ 2258117

/ 2270302

/ 2270901

/ 2274712

/ 2279514

/ 2285773

/ 2304674

/ 2309134

/ 2315840

/ 2327843

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: building block with through cavities separated by partitions, perpendicular to a longitudinal axis, is made with ledges that frame its cavities on the upper end surface and their responsive mutually penetrating slots on the lower end surface. Also the block comprises a system of holes plugged in their central part by a partition with the possibility of its removal in order to convert them from plugged into through ones, besides, walls and partitions of the block are made with additional stiffening ribs and have a bulge in their central part, and slots are arranged at the side surfaces of the building block.

EFFECT: higher strength and reliability, stable fixation of blocks to each other.

9 cl, 6 dwg

The invention relates to the construction, in particular to the structural members, and is a building block that can be used for walls and foundations, as with a binder, and without them, allowing you to use this building block in the construction of buildings, structures, pavilions, fencing, fences and other pre-fabricated both fixed and collapsible structures in the form of frames, partitions etc. building block can be used in the manufacture of toys and their elements in the form of a toy construction sets, designers and other Building block can be made depending on tasks from any structural materials using traditional production techniques, such as molding, casting, extrusion.

There are many types of building blocks, each of which has different structural characteristics depending on the goal that is reached in a particular case.

For example, well-known building block for masonry walls (see the description of the invention to the patent of Russian Federation №1649058)having longitudinal side walls connected by partitions with the formation of the cavity for placement of structural and/or thermal insulation liner, and the locking tabs. The locking protrusion is made in the form of the speaker is speaking over the side walls of the septum rectangular size, equal to the distance between the inner faces of the lateral longitudinal walls, and the partition offset from the end face of the side wall by a distance equal to one-fourth its length minus the thickness of the septum, while serving part partitions are made excavation, the volume of which is equal to the volume of the fixing protrusion. The disadvantage of this unit is the lack of locking tabs on its longitudinal walls.

Known building block (see the description of the invention to the patent of Russian Federation №2162500), including longitudinal side walls connected by partitions with the formation of the cavity for placement of structural and/or thermal insulation material, and the locking protrusions, wherein the locking protrusion is made in the form of protruding over the side walls of the septum of rectangular cross-section size is equal to the distance between the inner faces of the lateral longitudinal walls, while serving part partitions are made excavation, the volume of which is equal to the volume of the fixing protrusion, and the bulkhead located at a distance from the ends of the side wall equal to one-fourth its length. The disadvantage of this building block is the lack of grip on its longitudinal walls, and the absence of additional reinforcing ribs on the walls.

Known building block (see description of the of the invention to the patent of Russian Federation №2157442), having the form of a parallelepiped representing the six faces, four of which are vertical and two horizontal, including covered and covering elements for interpenetration with tight fit and the imposition of several blocks without cement, mortar or other termination of binder, with covered and covering elements are located on the horizontal faces and made in the form of a continuous longitudinal elevation, placed on the upper horizontal face the entire length of the block, and a continuous longitudinal groove, placed on the bottom face, wherein the near longitudinal relief posted by a continuous longitudinal channel formed is attached to an inclined surface topography steep edge attached to the horizontal bottom, and near the longitudinal groove is placed a continuous longitudinal ledge formed is attached to an inclined surface of the wall with a low slope or no slope, attached to the wall with a large slope or vertical, while the boxes to overlap each other ledge and a channel located opposite each other, form a continuous longitudinal cavity extending the entire length of the block. The disadvantage of this unit is that covered and covering elements made in the form of a continuous food is inogo groove, that provides reliable fixation blocks among themselves only in one transverse relative to the longitudinal faces that direction.

Known building block (see the description of the invention to the patent of Russian Federation №2081264), including parallel one to the other walls, which are interconnected installed perpendicular thereto partitions and made with grooves and corresponding in shape and dimensions of the locking protrusions, wherein the height of the walls is 0.3-1.2 height of the walls, and the distance between the slots and the notches and the distance between the latter and the vertical end faces of the block is less than or greater than the thickness, respectively, partitions and walls in the place of formation of the groove, and a horizontal cross-section of grooves and protrusions has a curved shape or a shape of a regular or irregular polygon, and the grooves have the same or different shapes and sizes, and the distance from the outer vertical faces of the partitions to the end faces of the walls is equal to or more than 0.5 of the thickness of the partitions and is equal to or less than 0.25 length of the walls, and the distance from the transverse plane of symmetry of the walls of the grooves are equal distances from the end faces of the walls of the respective grooves of the protrusions. The disadvantages of this unit is the lack of covering and covered elements, whic is on its top and bottom faces, and the absence of reinforcing ribs on the walls of the block.

Also known building block, called the author of "building block" (see the description of the invention to the patent of Russian Federation №239880). This building block is made with through cavities separated by partitions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. For its manufacturing of polymer material and reduce weight it is made with located with one of its sides with sockets along its emptiness. The walls of the sockets can be made oblique. But building block, which is the prototype, has drawbacks, the main of which is the lack of additional bundles of blocks interconnected by a method of bonding metals or reinforcing elements, as well as the absence of ribs, which limits the scope of the invention. Also the disadvantage of this unit is that its protruding elements covered by the socket when the connection blocks perform work shift only in one direction - toward their mates with the wall of the funnel.

The goal of the inventors was to create such a building block, which would have increased the stability of the fastening blocks among themselves, and would have increased strength and reliability.

The technical result achieved is m when solving before inventors tasks was more stable bond the blocks together. This is achieved by projecting the elements of the new unit will perform the work shift in all directions, as they mate with the walls covering them interpenetrating holes on all sides. In addition, it is achieved that the design of the new unit provides for a system of holes, through which you can further fasten the blocks of different mounting or reinforcing elements. However, the technical result consists in increasing the strength and reliability of the structure, due to the fact that the walls of the new block and walls reinforced with ribs, and are a Central part thickening.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the building block with through cavities separated by partitions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, made with framing it voids the tabs on the upper end surface and return them penetrating the slots on the bottom end surface, and also contains a system of holes, plugged in its Central part by a partition with a way to fix it for converting plugged in through the walls and partitions of a block is performed with additional ribs and has in its Central part uelsen is, and on the lateral surfaces of the building block are aligned.

Also the invention is that the partition connecting the longitudinal walls of the block to form the through voids square shape.

However, the essence of the invention is that the grooves passing through the lateral surfaces of the new unit is designed in such a way that when combining two blocks walls they form holes round shape.

In addition, the invention consists in that the grooves running along its side surfaces in such a way that when combining two blocks walls they form holes square shape.

Also the invention is that the ribs of the new block is made semicircular shape.

Including the essence of the invention is that the ribs of the new block is made of a square shape.

However, the essence of the invention lies in the fact that the new unit has two transverse partitions.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the new unit has three transverse partitions.

In addition, the invention consists in that the ratio of the width of the new block length is either 1:3 or 1:4 or 1:5.

The invention is illustrated graphically where:

- figure 1 shows the axonometric projection of the building block (top view);</>

- figure 2 - axonometric projection of a building block (bottom view);

- figure 3 is a transverse end wall 2;

- figure 4 is schematically shown examples form the contours of the structures;

- figure 5 shows the ligation of the vertical joints when laying;

- figure 6 - diagram of the formation of end surfaces of window and door openings.

Building block contains 1 longitudinal and transverse 2 walls. Longitudinal 1 wall are interconnected by partitions 3 and form air voids 4, having the shape of a square. Longitudinal 1 wall, 2 cross wall and partition 3 is provided with an additional reinforcing ribs 5 semicircular shape. Along the Central part of the air voids 4 passes thickening 6. Ribs 5 of his body leave in thickening 6. Longitudinal 1 wall and 2 cross wall on the outside with a grooves 7 in increments equal to the center distance of the holes 8. Hole 8 is made in such a way that in the Central part they are always thin partition, fixed if necessary, making holes 8 through. On one of the cross 2 walls instead of semicircular grooves 7 are made semicircular convexity 9. The upper end surface 10 a building block has a system of grooves consisting of lugs 11, which are located at the corners of the air voids 4, protrusions 12, location is defined by the partitions 3, and ledges 13 along the longitudinal 1 and 2 cross walls. The lower end surface of the building unit 14 has a system of grooves made penetrating projections, inverse system of tabs on the top end surface of the building block 10: the corners of the air voids 4 are grooves 15 on the partitions 3 are grooves 16, 1 along the longitudinal and transverse 2 walls are grooves 17.

The Assembly structures of the building blocks is as follows. On the prepared surface, spread the first row of building blocks end to end in different variations, forming the outline of the Foundation of the future construction. Figure 4 shows some examples from a variety of styling options. Each subsequent row of building blocks stack with ligation of the vertical joints formed when laying the bottom row (figure 5) so that each higher unit connected between a downstream neighboring blocks by the method of coupling the upper ledges 11, 12, 13 with the lower grooves 15, 16, 17, thanks to reach a reliable fixing the position of the blocks below and overlying series and completely exclude the possibility of their displacement, even in conditions of severe vibration and shrinkage of the soil. The block also contains the system is muted in its Central part with a thin jumper holes 8 in which is possible to further enhance the adhesion between the blocks, concatenating their hardware elements and placing them in pins or removing the jumper, to convert them into end-to-end that allows you to skip through them reinforcing elements. The reinforcing elements can pass through the holes 8 and through openings formed by the grooves 7 on the flattened against the end faces of adjacent blocks. While laying in the area of window and door openings through a number of use 1/3 or 2/3 building block for the formation of flat end surfaces (6).

The free air space within the walls, formed by the building blocks, used for laying communication (pipes, cables, ducts, etc.). Units can be supplied complete with sealing for treatment of adjacent surfaces during Assembly to prevent water and gas permeability, and their faces can be rubber protected in the production process.

The widespread use of the claimed invention with enhanced durability and reliability, as well as highly resistant fasteners, allows you to solve urgent economic problem of increasing the reliability, durability and operating life of constructed buildings, structures, and other structures. And therefore, reduce the overall cost of maintenance and repair of constructed structures and, in particular, housing.

Throatily block with continuous voids, divided by partitions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, characterized in that it is made with framing it voids the tabs on the upper end surface and return them penetrating the slots on the bottom end surface, and also contains a system of holes, plugged in its Central part by a partition with a way to fix it for converting plugged in through the walls and partitions of a block is performed with additional ribs and has in its Central part thickening and lateral surfaces of the building block are aligned.

2. Building block with continuous voids according to claim 1, characterized in that the partition wall connecting the longitudinal walls of the block to form the through voids square shape.

3. Building block with continuous voids according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves running along its side surfaces in such a way that when combining two blocks walls they form holes round shape.

4. Building block with continuous voids according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves running along its side surfaces in such a way that when combining two blocks walls they form holes square shape.

5. Building block with continuous voids according to claim 1, characterized in that it representati made semicircular shape.

6. Building block with continuous voids according to claim 1, characterized in that his ribs are made of a square shape.

7. Building block with continuous voids according to claim 1, characterized in that it has two transverse partitions.

8. Building block with continuous voids according to claim 1, characterized in that it has three transverse partitions.

9. Building block with continuous voids according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of width to length is either 1:3 or 1:4 or 1:5.