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Localisation of wastes by vitrification in metal containers Invention relates to disposal of wastes. Proposed method comprises placing the wastes and vitrifying additive in metal container to fuse them so that fused glass is produced and cooling said fused glass. Said waste contains at least one chemical compound to be vitrified. Note here that at least one extra oxidiser is added to said container. Concentration of oxidiser per oxide in fused glass makes 0.1-20 wt %, preferably, 4-20 wt %, more preferably, 5-15 wt %, and most preferably, 10-13 wt % of fused glass weight. Vitrifying additive comprises at least one oxide selected from SiO2, B2O3, Al2O3, Na2O, Fe2O3, CaO, Li2O, ZnO, ZrO2. |
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Bacterial strain exiguobacterium mexicanum - destructor of crude oil and petroleum products Bacterial strain Exiguobacterium mexicanum RNCIM B-11011 is proposed, having the ability to dispose quickly of oil, diesel fuel, motor oil, gas condensate. |
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Invention relates to vacuum oil production reactor comprises shaft with bearings and housing with mechanical seal to prevent shaft oil leaks and hydraulic seal arranged on drive side between mechanical seals (1, 3) and bearings (10). Hydraulic seal comprises oil chamber and housing pressure side chamber (12) communicated with pressure line (5) via feed line (13) and lined (15) with shutoff valve arranged at chamber bottom pressure side (12) equipped with shutoff valve (16) for removal of particles contained in oil. Oil chamber (4) is controlled by safety valve (9) at overpressure of 0.05 bar. Chamber pressure side pressure (12) is controlled by shutoff valve. Note here that said pressure (12) set to exceed oil chamber overpressure (4). Besides, invention covers to sealing of said reactor. Additionally, this method consists in application hydraulic seal in combination with mechanical seal. Note also that mechanical seal comprises oil chamber, its pressure being set to ensure sufficient shaft bearings lubing while chamber pressure in direction of seal is kept at minimum level. |
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Method of isolation of map of actual industrial waste dump For isolation of map of actual industrial waste dump the layered storage of landfill masses 1 is carried out, with an intermediate layer 2, and create a watertight barrier is made at the location of the base 11. At that the intermediate layer 2 is made in the form of multi-piece stabilising construction, for which on the landfill mass 10 the geogrid 3 is placed, a layer of broken bricks 4 of fraction of 20-40 mm with the capacity of 15 cm, a layer of contaminated sand 5 with a capacity of 20 cm, a geomembrane 6, a layer of contaminated sand 7 with the capacity of 70 cm with compaction, a geogrid 8, a layer of broken bricks 9 of fraction of 20-40 mm with a capacity of 50 cm. Storage of the subsequent landfill masses 1 is carried on the intermediate layer 2. The watertight barrier is created under the base 11 of the map along its perimeter by injecting a viscoelastic mixture 14 in the form of the polymer-loamy mixture through the perforation openings of the filter 13 of the horizontal wells 12 formed by drilling, in any of the angles of the base on two rays of this angle. At that the following angle for drilling the horizontal wells 12 is selected taking into account the possibility of injecting the polymer-loamy mixture on two or one ray to create a watertight barrier along the entire perimeter. |
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Method of reclamation of oil-contaminated soil Invention relates to the field of environmental protection and can be used in the rectification of the consequences of the oil spill on the soil. The method consists in mixing the oil-contaminated soil, spread over the surface of freshly ploughed uncontaminated field with the thickness layer from 1/10 to 1/6 of the ploughing depth, to the full depth of ploughing using the tiller several times. |
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This mix comprises oil slime, boring mud, peat, sand, water, sorbents, hydrocarbon biodestructors at the following ratio of components, in wt. %: oil slime and boring mud - 20-25, sand - 20-30, peat - 30-35, sorbents - 2-5, hydrocarbon biodestructors - 2-5, water - 10. |
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Material for intermediate insulation of compacted layers of solid municipal wastes in landfill Material for intermediate isolation of compacted layers of solid municipal wastes in landfill is proposed. The material is used is the final slag formed during the manufacture of ferro-vanadium with aluminium-silicothermal method. |
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Biorecycling method of oil sludge and oil production and processing waste For biorecycling of oil sludge and oil production and processing waste by means of soil populating with natural black-soil-forming organisms a mixture is prepared with an initial composition of 26-30% of oil sludge, 26-30% of liquid oil sludge and the remaining part of organic domestic waste and/or saw dust, the mixture is infused within 20-24 hours at a temperature of 20-25°C for further populating with earthworms of the first generation, the mixture is withhold within 17-30 days till the earthworms of the second and third generations appear for the purpose of the sludge-contaminated soil treatment. The earthworms of the second and third generations grown in a hothouse conditions by adaption of the earthworms of the first generation to the above mixture are introduced to the contaminated soil. At that introduction of the earthworms of the second and third generations is made at a volume ratio of soil and the mixture equal to 10-15:1. |
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Strain of bacteria Exguobacterium mexicanum RNCIM V-11011 is grown, and the suspension is made from it, which is applied in the cryomorphic soil and water environment. It is exposed under the specified parameters from 7 to 60 days and the quantitative content of oil and petroleum products in the test soil and water environment is determined. |
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Method of thermal deactivation of biogas of solid domestic waste landfills For environmentally safe thermal deactivation of biogas of solid domestic waste landfills the biogas is removed by drainage and creation of forced vacuum gauge pressure. Then the moisture content in the removed biogas is reduced due to the sharp decrease in temperature, the biogas is compressed and the preliminary purification of biogas from moisture and hydrogen sulphide is carried out, it is filtered from dust, and the biogas is burnt. The exhaust flue gases are cooled and purified from acidic components and halogenated hydrocarbons. At that in the flow of flue gases and the concentration of hydrogen sulphide and acidic gaseous compounds of sulphur and carbon are measured continuously, taking into account which the dynamic consumption adjustment of sorbents and the reagent is carried out based on the previously obtained experimental data of approximating regression relationships. |
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Method of household wastes and garbage application and complex to this end Proposed complex comprises intake bin, garbage grinders and hyper compactors. Note here that intake bin is shaped to tetrahedral truncated pyramid. Pyramid top is directed downward. Second tetrahedral pyramid with top directed upward is located at first pyramid converging part bottom. Drive chains with hooks for agitation of wastes and garbage are located on all faces of both pyramids. Note here that stationary knives are arranged in free spaces on faces between chains in random order. Invention covers also the method of processing of household wastes with application of aforesaid device. |
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Man-made soil obtained by thermal treatment for reclamation of disturbed lands Soil-sludge mixture is obtained by thermal treatment and contains a mixture of components obtained by processing wastes in the UZG-1MGZH apparatus for treating oil-contaminated soil in amount of 30-40 wt %, peat 20-35 wt % and sand 20-50 wt %, wherein the mixture of components contains, wt %: vanadium oxide 32.5; carbon 31.4; aluminium oxide 7.5; silicon oxide 7.5; nitrogen oxide 6.8; iron oxide 5.3; hydrogen 4.4; magnesium oxide 1.5; manganese oxide 0.8; lead oxide 0.4; chromium oxide 0.4; zinc oxide 0.4; nitrogen 0.4 and related impurities 0.7. |
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Man-made peaty soil for reclamation of oil-contaminated and disturbed lands Soil-sludge mixture for reclamation of oil-contaminated and disturbed lands contains a mixture obtained by treating a composition consisting of oil sludge, peat, sand and water, with the following ratio of components, wt %: vanadium oxide 32.5; carbon 31.4; aluminium oxide 7.5; silicon oxide 7.5; nitrogen oxide 6.8; iron oxide 5.3; hydrogen 4.4; magnesium oxide 1.5; manganese oxide 0.8; lead oxide 0.4; chromium oxide 0.4; zinc oxide 0.4; nitrogen 0.4; related impurities 0.7. Components of the composition of oil sludge, peat, sand and water are in the following ratio, wt %: oil sludge 30-40%; peat 30-35%; sand 30-35%; water - the balance. The related impurities include a proppant which contains ceramic spheres, a cut of the oil-contaminated soil layer containing crushed stone, and fine wastes of ferrous and nonferrous metals. Treatment involves mixing the composition of oil sludge, peat, sand and water in a hopper of an UZN-1MGZH apparatus. |
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Method of acid gas treatment for injection into formation through injector Invention is related to oil and gas industry and namely to treatment methods of an acid gas containing hydrogen sulphide and carbon dioxide for injection into a formation through an injector. The concept of the invention is as follows: according to the method treatment of the acid gas for injection into the formation through the injector is made by the acid gas delivery to several compression and cooling stages at a temperature of 40÷60°C, drying of the compressed acid gas by glycol at a compressive pressure and temperature of 45÷65°C, transition of the dried gas into liquid state by further compression and cooling up to a temperature of 40÷65°C. At that before delivery to the compression stage acid gases are mixed with a liquefied gas C3-C5 or natural gasoline in quantity of 10÷40% by weight. Compression-cooling and drying of the acid gas is made at a pressure up to 0.4÷0.6MPa and its transition to liquid state is made at a pressure up to 0.8÷4.0MPa. |
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Method of counting oil-oxidising bacteria in sea water Invention relates to microbiology and can be used in monitoring environmental-microbiological investigation of the quality of sea water to determine the amount of oil-oxidising microorganisms. The method involves preparing a mineral medium - bases containing NH4NO3, K2HPO4, KH2PO4, MgSO4, CaCl2, FeCl2, a concentrated solution, agar and distilled water in a given ratio, followed by addition of an oil product in a given amount, said product being bunker oil. Seeding sea water on the surface of the culture medium and incubating the seed for 3-4 hours enables to detect colonies of oil-oxidising bacteria. |
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Composition for cleaning soil contaminated with oil and motor fuel Invention relates to environmental protection. The composition for cleaning soil contaminated with oil and motor fuel comprises peat filler, nitrogen and phosphorus fertiliser, used in ratio N:P2O5=1-10:1, zeolite-clay rock modified with a cationic surfactant, and cation-exchange minerals, with the following content of components, wt %: low- or high-moor peat 44.79-93.989; nitrogen fertiliser, N 0.01-0.15; phosphorus fertiliser, P2O5 0.001-0.06; zeolite-clay rock, modified with a cationic surfactant 1-15; cation-exchange minerals 5-40. |
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Drilling waste neutralisation method and plant for its implementation High-mineralised drilling wastes subjected to neutralisation are treated by inertisation method after washing from salts and separation of solid and liquid phases. A solid phase at moisture content of 40% is mixed thoroughly during 2-3 minutes with introduction of a consolidating compound in quantity of at least 20% by weight. The consolidating compound consists of 40-80 weight parts of a binding agent - cement of PTS M-500 grade and 20-60 weight parts of a sorbent in the form of a finely dispersed active additive - gaize. A hardening agent solution (liquid soda glass) is added in quantity of 10-20% of the dry hardening agent and mixed thoroughly during 5-7 minutes. The liquid phase is directed to a staged treatment, at first by a method of fine mechanical treatment by centrifuging, then by clarification by means of separation and sorption filtration. The paste-like residue formed in result of centrifuging and thickened fraction after separation and sorption filtration are delivered to inertisation again. A drilling waste neutralisation plant consists of a receipt unit, a unit of course mechanical treatment for separation of solid and liquid phases, pressure lines, tanks, pumps and gates. The unit of coarse mechanical treatment is equipped with a screen separator, a sand separator and a sludge separator. The plant contains additionally a solid phase inertisation unit, a liquid phase fine treatment unit, a liquid phase clarification unit and tanks for receipt of the separated phases. The solid phase inertisation unit is connected to the receipt unit, units of coarse and fine treatment and the liquid phase clarification unit. |
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Method of neutralisation of household and industrial mercury-containing wastes Mixture, consisting of sulphur powder, granules of floatation sulphur pyrite of grade KSF-4 in mixture with broken stone with fraction 20-70 mm or brick crumbs, which are simultaneously agent binding mercury in ionised and neutral forms, taken in ratio 1:9 by weight, and water. After that, mixture is homogenised at rotation rate 20 rev/min, argon is supplied at rate 5.5-6.5 m3/h and then mercury-containing wastes are charged in amount which is at least 50 times less than weight of sulphur powder. Grinding of wastes is carried out to complete binding of metal mercury into water-insoluble compound HgS. |
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Method of neutralisation of household and industrial mercury-containing wastes Method includes combined grinding of wastes with sulphur powder and crushing medium in rotary reactor for binding metal mercury into water-insoluble compound. As crushing medium used is sulphur pyrate with fraction 50-150 mm, which is simultaneously agent, binding mercury in ionised and neutral forms. Before combined grinding mixture of sulphur powder, sulphur pyrate and water is preliminarily homogenised, and reactor is filled with nitrogen, supplied at rate 7.5-8.5 m3/h, in amount which is at least 50 times less than weight of sulphur powder. After that mercury-containing wastes are charged and grinding is carried out to complete binding of metal mercury into water-insoluble compound HgS. |
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Proposed radioactive waste storage (RWS) comprises a foreshaft 1, fixed with the steel shell 2, the well 4 drilled through this foreshaft 1 in rock mass 3, cased with the metal casing 6 with the bottom 7, the thermoinsulator 11 of inert waterproof and heat-resistant material, located on the inner generant of the metal casing 6, the external engineering protective barrier 9 with the lower protective screen 10 of bentonite-cement monolith, the internal engineering protective barrier 12 with upper protective screen 13, the aggregate state control system 14 of the material of the internal engineering protective barrier 12, made of pipes 15, tripping column 16 with containers 17, 18 placed on it with RWS, the radioecological monitoring system 20 and the lid 21 of the casing 6. The bottom 7 is provided with alighting bearing-centring hubs 8. The external engineering protective barrier 9 is created by grouting the annulus. The internal engineering protective barrier 12 with the upper protective screen 13 is formed inside the metal casing 6 with inert material which is solid in natural conditions, but able to change its aggregate state (solid-liquid) under the thermal effect. |
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Strain of rhodococcus sp-destructor of petroleum hydrocarbons Strain of Rhodococcus sp. is deposited in the All-Russian Collection of Microorganisms under the registration number Ac-2046 D. The strain exhibits high destructive activity against petroleum hydrocarbons included in the composition of oil slurries, as well as against crude oil and black oil fuel. |
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Method of production of mineral composite For production of mineral composite the galvanic sludge preliminary moistened to at least 80%, wastes of engineering, metallurgical, mining, concentrating manufacturing sectors, containing inorganic pollutants - heavy metal ions: manganese, chromium, vanadium, copper, nickel, cobalt, cadmium, lead are exposed to organomineral composition at ambient temperature and periodic stirring for at least 10 hours to convert the heavy metals into a fixed shape. The organomineral composition comprises glauconite preliminary ground to a fraction of 0.01-0.1 mm, and humic acids taken in a ratio by wt %: glauconite 97-99.5, humic acids 0.5-3.0. |
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Device to clean soil of oil products Invention relates to reclamation of soils contaminated with oil products, decontamination of soils, liquidation of oil spillage, etc. Proposed device comprises intake bin, mixer, crusher, cleaned soil handling device, screw conveyor and vibrator. Crusher is arranged above intake bin and communicated via screw conveyor with mixer. Mixer represents and encased horizontal screw mixer with pelletised sorbent dispenser arranged at its top part. Mixer outlet is connected via screw conveyor with drier bin. Drier is composed by housing accommodating belt conveyors to carry the material along the drier and to pour it down onto belt conveyor. Conveyor top runs contact with vibrators mounted there under. Said vibrators are composed by roller eccentrics with individual or group drive. Burners to combust sorbent with oil products are arranged in drier housing above said conveyors. Drier top section accommodates the off-gas collection chamber communicated with cyclone and absorber via smoke sucker. Cleaned soil handling device is mounted at outlet of the last conveyor and composed by discharge channel connected with opening in drier housing sidewall to be closed by shutter. |
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Method for oil sludge decontamination Invention is related to the method for oil sludge decontamination; it can be used in technology of integrated processing for oil-containing wastes and soils formed, in particular, in result of operation of oil-trunk pipelines. The method for oil sludge decontamination includes receipt of decontaminating compound by removal from oil sludge of heavy fraction containing high-molecular hydrocarbons, mixing of the above fraction with the reagent based on oxides of alkali-earth metals, performance of exothermal reaction with receipt of granules containing high-molecular hydrocarbons and use of the above granules for filtration of water fraction from oil sludge with further decontamination. Granules of decontaminating compound are obtained with high content of high-molecular hydrocarbons in quantity of at least 15-25 wt %; for filtration of water fraction from oil sludge the above granules are used in a mixture with an expanded-clay aggregate; thereafter the granules contaminated after filtration and mixed with the expanded-clay aggregate and remaining fractions of oil sludge are mixed with the reagent based on oxides of alkali-earth metals and reactions of hydratation and carbonisation are performed with receipt of the decontaminated product. |
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Preparation for purification of water and soil from oil pollution and method of obtaining thereof Group of inventions relates to field of biochemistry, ecology, protection of the environment. Claimed is preparation for purification of water and soil from oil pollution, which contains microorganisms, oil destructors, sorbent, cryoprotector - glycerol, microfertilisers - sodium nitrate 0.5% and potassium phosphate 0.5%. As oil destructor, it contains association of oil-oxidising microorganisms: Bacillus subtilis VKM B-81, Pseudomonas spp. VKM B-892, Pseudomonas putida VKM B-1301, Rhodococcus sp. VKM Ac-950, Mycobacterium flavescens VKM Ac-1415 in amount 75-85% of the total number of cells, as well as soil bacteria Agrobacteium radiobacter VKM B-1219 in amount 15-25% of the total number of cells. Sorbent in preparation represents finely-dispersed dehydrated zeolite with size of granules 0.1-0.5 mm, powdered with Aerosil A-300 nanoparticles. Ratio of components in preparation (wt %) is the following: zeolite - 94±1, Aerosil A-300 - 3±0.5, glycerol - 1±0.2, sodium nitrate - 0.5±0.2, potassium phosphate- 0.5±0.2, association of oil-oxidising microorganisms with Agrobacteium radiobacter in efficient quantity 2-3*108 kl/g - 1±0.5. Also claimed is method of preparation obtaining. Assocoation of oil-oxidising bacteria and fraction of soil bacteria are grown separately. After that, two obtained culture liquids are mixed in ratio 75-85% of association of oil-oxidising bacteria of the total quantity of cells and 15-25% of soil bacteria of the total quantity of cells. Suspension is concentrated to concentration 2*1011 kl/ml. Zeolite is preliminarily crushed to granules with size 0.1-0.5 mm, kept in furnace at temperature 250°C to the stage of swelling, cooled to temperature 20°C at humidity 10-12% and mixed with Aerosil A-300. Glycerol, sodium nitrate, potassium phosphate are introduced into concentrated suspension, and after that mixed with zeolite. Obtained zeolite and concentrated suspension are mixed with ratio 9:1. After that process of contact-chemical dehydration is carried out. |
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Method of demercurisation of waste luminescent lamps Method of demercurisation of waste luminescent lamps comprises destruction of lamps and vibratory cleaning of lamp breakage from luminophore. At that the destruction of lamps is carried out to the glass particle size of no more than 8 mm. After the destruction of luminescent lamps the lamps bases are separated from the glass on the vibrating grate and removed to the collector which is sent to demercurisation- annealing electric furnace. The heat treatment of bases is carried out at a temperature up to 100°C and the holding time of at least 30 minutes. Division of luminophore from the glass is carried out by blowing it in the counterflow-moving system "broken glass-air" under the conditions of vibration. |
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Method of bioremediation of cadmium-contaminated soils For bioremediation of cadmium-contaminated soils first before sowing peas, the inoculum is prepared from symbiotic microorganisms resistant to cadmium, consisting of soil-root mixture containing the strain of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus Glomus sp.Fo 1 deposited in the collection of state scientific institution All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology of Russian Agricultural Academy under the number RCAM00630, in the amount of 0.5-1.0 g of a mixture per 1 pea seed; the aqueous suspension of nodule bacteria containing the strain Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae deposited in the collection of state scientific institution All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology of Russian Agricultural Academy under the number RCAM1066, containing 106-107 cells of bacteria per 1 ml of the suspension, in the amount of 0.1-0.5 ml suspension per 1 pea seed, and the aqueous suspension of associative bacteria containing the strain Variovorax paradoxus 5C-2, deposited in the collection of state scientific institution All-Russian Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology of Russian Agricultural Academy under the number RCAM00049, containing 106-107 cells of bacteria per 1 ml of the suspension in an amount of 0.1-0.5 ml of the suspension per 1 pea seed. Then in the cadmium-contaminated soil the seeds of genetically modified peas SGECdt are sown, which have higher resistance and accumulation of cadmium in an amount of 20-60 seeds per 1 m2, combining them during sowing with an inoculum following the specified standards, and the plants are grown to full maturity of beans, then the peas are mowed and removed from the soil surface. |
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Invention relates to decontamination of solid household wastes. Proposed method consists in feeding the afterburnt offgas heated to 1150°C-1250°C in turns to parallel flow channel two-way gas-air heat exchangers. Said heat exchangers, compressed air system, air turbine and generator make the electric power generation system. Note here that offgas flow feed is changed over to every next heat exchanger after heating of previous heat exchanger to 800-1000°C. Note here that offgas flow cooled in every said heat exchanger is fed after gas cleaning system into atmosphere. Note here that after heating compressed air is fed to every heat exchanger for it to be heated to 600-800°C and, further, to inlet of air turbine connected with electric power generator. Said compressed air gets cooled and fed to incinerator kiln. |
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Strain of bacteria bacillus vallismortis - destructor of oil and oil products Strain of bacteria Bacillus vallismortis VKPM V-11017 is proposed - destructor of oil and oil products. Strain may within short period of time in the wide range of temperatures from +8 to +37°C degrade oil by 78.3%. |
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Strain of bacteria Bacillus atrophaeus VKPM V-10592 is grown, and suspension is prepared from it, which is introduced into permafrost soil and water environment. Maintained at the specified parameters from 7 to 60 days, and then they determine quantity content of oil and oil products in permafrost soil and water environment. |
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Method of oil sludge processing Oil sludge is delivered from a sludge collector by a pump under pressure up to 1.0 MPa and flow rate up to 10 m3/h to a pipe furnace; oil sludge is heated up to temperature of 110-120°C and delivered to a coaslescer filled with coalescent material in the form of granite macadam with bulk density of 1.36-1.40 t/m3 and size of particles from 5 up to 50 mm; oil sludge is processed in the coaslescer by steam coming from the flow centre and perimeter and by water at the outlet, then the processed product is delivered to a horizontal settler and in the settler it is separated into oil phase and water phase. |
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Method of biological revegetation of technogenically disturbed lands Invention relates to field of agriculture, in particular to revegetation. Method includes sowing perennial grasses with introduction of mineral fertilisers. Vermiculite substrate with granules up to 2-4 mm and pH from 6.5 to 7.2 is placed on ground in up to 1 cm layer. Seeds of grasses are sown on substrate surface with their irrigation with water solution of mineral fertilisers. After that, substrate surface is covered with polymer film, which is removed on 5-7 day. Vermiculite substrate represents swollen vermiculite with pH from 6.5 to 7.2, obtained by method of high-temperature burning at temperature up to 850°C with regulation of rate and temperature of burning, containing wt %: silicon oxide (SiO2)-34.0-36.6; iron oxide (Fe2O3)-5.6-6.5; aluminium oxide (Al2O3)- 9.1-9.9; magnesium oxide (MgO)-24.7-26.6; iron oxide (FeO)-0.20-0.27; titanium oxide (TiO2)-0.40-0.47; calcium oxide (CaO)-1.02-1.22; manganese (Mn)-0.05-0.07; potassium oxide (K2O)-0.70-0.87. Before application of vermiculite substrate layer on very dense ground, its tillage is carried out. |
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Device for cleaning agricultural soil from pesticides Invention relates to the protection of environment and can be used in cleaning of agricultural lands and soil from pesticides, as well as for sewage purification. The device for cleaning of agricultural soil from pesticides comprises a photocatalytic reactor, a photocatalyst in the form of titanium dioxide, and an ultra-violet radiation source. The photocatalytic reactor is located horizontally. The device additionally comprises a receiving hopper for soil with a crusher situated under it. The crusher is connected through the conveyor with the photocatalytic reactor. Along the horizontal axis of the reactor a mixer with a drive is located. The ultra-violet radiation source is placed in the butt end of the reactor, and in its upper part there is a dispenser for the photocatalyst - titanium dioxide. The outlet of the reactor through the conveyor is connected to the upper part of the transparent housing. In the lower part of the housing there is the auger for removal of cleaned soil through the pipe. In the central part of the housing the mixing device is mounted. The internal cavity of the housing is connected to the container for the photocatalyst of the ferrous and ferric salts. Under the container there is a pipe for water supply. In the opposite side wall of the housing there is a pipe of removal of waste photocatalyst. |
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Method of producing metallurgical-grade alumina using fluidised bed fly ash Invention relates to recycling fly ash from electric power stations. Fly ash is ground and iron is removed by wet magnetic separation. Hydrochloric acid is added to the obtained filter cake to obtain a hydrochloric leachate which is passed through a macro-porous cationic resin to deeply remove iron to obtain a refined aluminium chloride solution. The refined aluminium chloride solution undergoes concentration and crystallisation to obtain crystalline aluminium, which is then calcined to obtain metallurgical-grade alumina. |
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Method of reclamation of spoil banks and sites of industrial waste Invention relates to the field of forestry and reclamation. The method comprises coating the slopes with soil substrate by uniform shifting it from the horizontal surfaces, covering the horizontal sites with soil substrate by leveling, planting the nursery plants of trees and shrubs, planting seeds of herbaceous plants. As the soil substrate, a mixture of material with a high content of nutrients is used in the form of sewage sludge, organic matter, peat, manure and phosphogypsum with the ratio of the mixture components of 2:1 by volume. The mixture is stirred by milling on horizontal plate. Covering the surface of the slopes with the resulting mixture with the thickness of 25-30 cm is carried out by uniform sliding on the slopes. Then, a continuous layer with the thickness of 15-20 cm is formed on the horizontal surfaces. The layer of the soil substrate is covered on top with a mulch layer of sand with the thickness of 1-3 cm using a spreader. At the final stage of reclamation across the entire surface the nursery plants of fast-growing trees and shrubs are planted, which have the developed root system and aboveground part with the height of 0.5-1.0 m, followed by sowing seeds of herbaceous plants. |
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Invention proposes an association of strains of bacteria-oil decomposers, which have been extracted from oil-contaminated soil, Acinetobacter species B-1037, Pseudomonas species B-989, Bacillus species B-1040, deposited at The State Research Centre of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR. Besides, at least 30% bacteria of each strain is contained in the association. Remediation of oil-contaminated soils includes water suspension of lyophilic dried biomass of the strain association based on 109 cells per square metre. Strains of the association can utilise a wide range of oil components at the temperature of 10-15°C. |
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Invention relates to environmental protection, particularly, to reclamation of soils contaminated with hydrocarbons (oil products), radioactive nuclides and heavy metals with the help of electric osmosis. Proposed method consists in inducing nonuniform electric field between central and peripheral electrodes and applying magnetic field perpendicular to cleaning zone. Proposed device comprises central electrode. Said electrode is composed of a rod with cross-section of polygonal shape with concave sides. System of peripheral electrodes is composed by separate rods. The latter are interconnected by plates arranged in zigzag line so that its recess or ledge is aligned with those of central electrode surface. Besides, proposed device comprises two extra solenoids arranged one above the other. First solenoid is plunged in submerged zone soil while second electrode is fixed by crossbar at the post extending through central electrode axis. |
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Method of obtaining humidified soil Method comprises the use of cellulose-containing wastes and soil, administration of microorganisms, moisturizing and incubation. At that the wastes are sorted and crushed into particles of 1-2 cm, then they are placed in layers in the fermenter, alternating with the ground, the height of each layer is 2-3 cm, and then treated with the suspension of the preparation Tamir obtained by cultivation of microorganisms without access of air at a temperature of 20-30°C with stirring once a day for 1-2 min with addition of water, sugar and the preparation of Urgas in a ratio of water: concentrate of Tamir: sugar: preparation of Urgas is 30:0.3:1:0.5. It is humified in mesophilic conditions at a temperature of 30-40°C for 120 days. |
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Method of treating sewage sludge Sludge with moisture content of 20-40%, which is fermented in natural conditions for at least three months, is mixed with a binder additive and mineral components, granulated at temperature of 45-95°C and the granules are then dried to moisture content of 8-16%. The binder additive - sodium humate - is used in amount of 2-3% of the dry mass of the sludge, and mineral components: nitrogen source - carbamide and potassium source - potassium chloride - are used in amount of 5-7% and 5-6% of the dry mass of the sludge, respectively. |
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Method of drilling wastes reclamation Invention relates to oil-and-gas production and reclamation. Proposed method comprises mixing the cuttings, quicklime, peat, cement and sand. Additionally, said cuttings are mixed with industrial carbon and quick lime. Then, obtained mix is mixed with peat, cement and sand. Then, obtained mix is cured for 2-3 days at the following ratio of components, in wt %: cuttings - 40-60, industrial carbon - 2-5, cement - 10-15, sand - 10-15, peat - 15-20, quick lime making the rest. |
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Method of oil-slime processing Invention relates to processing of oil slimes. Solid oil slimes are processed by separate withdrawal of oil-slime top layer and oil-slime bottom layer from accumulation pit. Oil-contaminated soil is separated from oil-slime bottom layer and fed to biodecomposition site or used as insulation material at domestic and industrial wastes store pit. Both said oil-slime layers are combined or modified by dilution with light oil fraction. Oil-slime thus processed is fed to heat exchanger, heater and forced to shower. Thereafter, it is sprayed. Flue gas flows upward in counter current to oil slime. Oil slime is heated to 120-140°C at the rate of 143-+15 degree/sec. Then, heating is performed in compliance with dwg. 2 to 340-350°C at the rate of 10-+2 degree/sec. Note here that extraction oil fractions is carried out at final stage of heating. Extraction of oil fractions results in production of tar for road bitumen, light oil fraction to be used as boiler fuel or as additive to hydraulic cleaning stock. |
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Method of integrated waste management for oily wastes with random composition with production wide range of energy sources include low-temperature pyrolysis with heating source, before pyrolysis oily wastes with random composition are sorted during accumulation, mixed mechanically in the preset ratio and homogenised thermally with moisture evaporation by flue gases at temperature of 100-130°C, in process pyrolysis gas is sent to condensation unit in order to separate light hydrocarbon fractions from heavy ones. Light fractions are directed to rectification tower with production of benzene, kerosene and diesel fuel, heave fractions with residual oil from condensation unit are delivered to pre-activation unit where oxidation cracking takes place within temperature range of 250-350°C with air purging with ratio of 1:(300-500); after oxidation cracking activated heave fractions are delivered to catalytic cracking for additional production of benzene, kerosene and diesel fuel and fuel oil, bitumen and tar oil; after pyrolysis solid pyrolysate is transferred and water-gas generator, flue combustion gases from condensation column are delivered to water-gas generator, at that flue combustion gases are enriched by superheated steam and in solid pyrolysate they are converted to gaseous energy carrier - water gas. Additionally one proposes a plant for the method implementation. |
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Method of obtaining inorganic hydraulic binding substances In accordance with claimed method material of technogenic or natural origin from group, including solid products, obtained by burning solid fuels, metallurgical slag, products of surface fires, products of burning dumps in extraction of fossil fuels, waste products of glass production, waste products of ceramics production, waste products of building bricks and concrete, thermally activated clays, low-crystalline fragmental igneous rocks, sedimentary laterite, bauxite, opalolite, allophanolite, diatomite, limestone, argillite and clays, are subjected to physical processing. Processing lies in action of, at least, one force impulse for passing mechanical energy to particles of processed material by impact of force from 50 to 3·105 H with respect to 1 g of processed material for period from 1·10-6 to 1·10-2 and/or magnetic energy of alternating magnetic field with frequency from 150 to 15·106 Hz and magnetic induction from 10-2 to 103 Tesla. |
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Method of plasma-catalytic processing of solid domestic wastes Invention relates to processing of solid domestic wastes. Proposed process comprises plasma chemical pyrolysis of homogenised mix. Said mix represents a three-phase system homogeneously dispersed in raw stock. Said system consists of highly-dispersed catalyst particles of methane-hydrogen fraction extracted at pyrolysis product separation and pyrolysis fluid products. Besides, this process comprises quenching of pyrolysis products extraction of commercial carbon and solid particles of used catalyst by filtration and pyrolysis products separation to obtain methane-oxygen fraction and pyrolysis liquid products. Finally, this process recycles a portion of methane-hydrogen fraction to plasma chemical pyrolysis. |
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Concrete recycling plant comprises a screen, an electromagnet and a system of water treatment, and also three technological chains. The first chain is a preparatory one and comprises hoppers for storage of mixtures, concrete, bricks, asphalt delivered by motor transport. The second chain is technological and comprises a plant for screening of heavy metal, the electromagnet for its trapping, a plant for sifting of sand and its storage into a hopper as a filler and a crusher for separation of concrete pieces from reinforcement joined with the second electromagnet. The third chain is a finishing one and comprises a reserve hopper connected with an impact-reflecting mill connected with the third electromagnet, and also comprises two screens connected with a system of water treatment comprising a mixer with a unit of wood chips and organic components supply, then a unit of fractionating, from where the treated items are sent to a warehouse of secondary fillers. To separate concrete pieces from reinforcement, a jaw breaker is used, comprising an electric motor with a pulley, an eccentric, movable and fixed jaws and a discharge window. |
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Claimed invention relates to composition of composite building material. Composite building material contains drilling waste, cement in quantity from 10 to 20% of drilling waste volume, technical carbon from 0.5 to 1% of drilling waste volume, quick lime in quantity from 3 to 5% of drilling waste volume, peat in quantity form 5 to 10% of drilling waste volume, sand in quantity from 10 to 30% of drilling waste volume, and building material in addition can contain hydrocarbon-based drilling fluid used or unused with content of hydrocarbons in quantity from 10 to 50% of drilling waste volume. |
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Method of removal oil products from contaminants Invention relates to microbiological cleaning of environments. Proposed method comprises introduction of consortium of oil oxidant microorganisms along with introduction of mineral nutrients. Said oil oxidant microorganisms represent strains of bacteria Rhodococcus qingchengii All Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms AC-1877, strain of bacteria Rhodococcus erythopolis All Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms AC-1878 and strain of yeasts Rhodotorula mucilaginosa All Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms Y-3604. Consortium of said oil oxidants is introduced into contaminated medium in amount of 0.2-0.5 wt % of contaminant mass. Note here that along with oil oxidant microorganisms and mineral nutrient introduced in contaminated medium, introduced is surfactant in amount of 0.2-0.5 % of contaminant mass. |
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Method of removing hydrocarbon contaminants from soils Invention relates to biotechnologies, ecology and reclamation. Proposed method comprises introduction of hydrocarbon oxidant microorganisms and peroxide compound. Soil is cleaned at two steps. At first step, peroxide compound is introduced into soil in amount of 3-10% of the weight of hydrocarbon contamination. At second step, hydrocarbon oxidant microorganisms plus mineral nutrient medium are introduced at a time therein. Note here that said second step is performed in at least three days after said first step. Said hydrocarbon oxidant microorganisms represent consortium of cultures Candida maltose All-Russian collection of industrial microorganisms Y-3446 and Dietzia maris All-Russian collection of industrial microorganisms Ac-1824 while peroxide compound represents a hydrogen peroxide or calcium peroxide. |
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Complex processing of coal combustion flue ash Invention relates to processing of wastes, particularly, to ash-and-slag wastes of thermal electric power stations. Coal combustion ash is placed in reaction zone to add carbon sorbent thereto in amount of 10-25 kg per ton of ash. Then, it is processed by the mix of ammonium fluoride and sulfuric acid, heated to 120-125°C and held thereat for 30-40 minutes. Tetrafluorosilane resulted from said processing is absorbed by ammonium fluoride. Solution of ammonium hydroxide is introduced into that of ammonium tetrafluorosilicate to precipitation of silicon dioxide. Then, concentrated sulfuric acid in double surplus is added to aluminium residue, held at 250°C for 1.5 h and processed by water. Solid residue is calcined at 800°C. |
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Preparation for cleaning of soil from oil and oil products Preparation containing biodestructor of oil contamination represents centrate of cultural liquid of microbial mass of consortium of oil-oxidising microorganisms immobilised on peat carrier. Consortium composition includes the following: Rhodococcus eqvi SRI MCC B-1115 bacteria strain, Rhodotorula glutinis SRI MCC Y-1113 yeast and Rhodotorula glutinis ARSRI MCC Y-1114 yeast strain in the ratio of 1:1:1 respectively, which have been grown jointly. |
Another patent 2513718.