Laser machine for analysis, grading and marking-out of untreated diamond

IPC classes for russian patent Laser machine for analysis, grading and marking-out of untreated diamond (RU 2314197):

G01N21/87 - Investigating jewels (G01N0021880000 takes precedence);;

B28D5 - Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; Apparatus therefor (working by grinding or polishing B24; for artistic purposes B44B; by non-mechanical methods C04B0041000000; non-mechanical after-treatment of single crystals C30B0033000000)

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FIELD: laser machine for analysis, grading and marking-out of untreated diamond.

SUBSTANCE: the machine has a laser scanning device, three-dimensional scanning system, matrix, masking device, electronic unit and a computer program for analysis of the diamond weight and characteristics of the brilliant or brilliants that can be obtained from an untreated diamond.

EFFECT: saved material and time, and enhanced capacity.

30 cl, 15 dwg

The technical field

The present invention relates to laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond.

Diamond is a mineral composed of pure carbon. It is the hardest naturally occurring substances and popular gemstone. Due to the very high hardness of diamonds found application in a number of important areas of technology. Diamond is a special form of carbon, like graphite. Breed rough diamond looks like a piece of coal and natural stone. Cut diamond jewelry is a special private industry and includes a marking, cleaving, clearing of debris, the division into blocks, sawing, cutting belt, cutting and polishing.

Inside the raw diamond can be impurities. Foreign inclusions inside the diamond are called NAC (nats) and serums (gerums). NAC are included in the form of non-carbon particles, and serums - inclusion in the form of micro-cracks in the stone. Such inclusions must be removed from the stone, and so natural diamonds are cut in such a way as to get the stone with the maximum possible weight in carats (by volume).

Prior art

Before cutting natural stone mentally plan the cutting direction, allowing you to get the stone require the value and size. On the stone is applied to the corresponding markup for cutting. When making this decision you should consider the form of natural diamond and the number and location of the inclusions, because these factors affect the reflectivity and the purity of the diamond. However, human imagination is unable to determine the exact location of inclusions and can make mistakes, so cutting will be done at random and can give a large amount of waste. When cutting stone possible changes in both the size and number of diamonds obtained from a single stone. If the cut is made on the basis of human imagination, you may not receive the required number of diamonds required form with a large number of losses.

To avoid such losses, the present invention provides a laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond.

Description of the invention

The laser (abbr. from the English "light amplification forced radiation) is an optical generator, such as an electronic generator, consisting of an amplifier with feedback to generate oscillations. Laser light is monochromatic, i.e. has a single wavelength with a very small bandwidth, and due to its monochromatic nature can be used for selective absorption. Laserna the light is high coherence, i.e. the photons emitted by the laser source, have a certain phase relationship to each other, and laser light is highly directional or has a slight difference, because it is emitted by the source in the reverse and direct photons between the two resonator mirrors. Due to this laser light can be focused into a point. Because of resonator mirrors emitted by the light source is enclosed in a very small solid angle and has therefore a high intensity.

In prior art scanning optical gliding device is carried out in three stages:

1. the mapping of the diamond

2. the definition of the plane of the cut,

3. marking pen or laser.

First, the light falls on the diamond, and the reflection of this light can be measured in the distance. It is followed by the detection of the facets of a diamond with its full rotation, i.e. 360°. After detecting the edges of the diamond optical expect the device creates a continuous image of a diamond.

In contrast, the present invention provides a laser gliding device, which scans each point of the diamond as it rotates 360° and, thus, determines the coordinates for the diamond. Frame image is displayed on a computer monitor. La the black planning device according to the present invention includes:

1. scanning laser device

2. three-dimensional (3-D) scanning system using a laser to determine three-dimensional coordinates in the form of wireframe models,

3. special matrix

4. marking device

5. software to calculate the weight of the diamond in carats and determine the maximum size of the diamond, which can be obtained from natural diamond,

6. the electronic unit.

Brief description of drawings

The present invention is described more specifically with reference to the following drawings:

Figure 1 depicts a block diagram of the machine.

Figure 2 depicts a side view of the machine.

Figure 3 depicts a top view of the machine.

Figure 4 depicts a front view of the machine.

Figure 5 depicts schematically a side view of the machine.

6 depicts schematically a top view of the machine.

7 depicts schematically a front view of the machine.

Fig depicts a diagram of the operation of the machine.

Fig.9 depicts the scheme of movement of the axes.

Figure 10 depicts the sequence of operations of the scanning module.

11 depicts the matrix and the holder of the matrix.

Fig depicts the flag of the sensor.

Fig depicts the lock nut.

Fig depicts the slider.

Fig depicts the case of a transfer of a ballpoint pair of screw-nut.

In accordance with the present invention in the main body 1 has two guides 19-26. The guides 19 and 26 are intended to define the motion path. On the guides 19 and 26 has two block linear motion 18. Blocks of linear movement 18 provide very low friction vertical movement. Blocks of linear movement 18 is connected to the slider 6 with the gear screw 3 mounted on the nut block ball screw 17. Block ball screw 17 has a very high precision manufacturing and installation on the ground, hardened and moves in exact accordance with instructions. This block ball screw 17 is installed on the center between the guides 19 and 26. The slider 6 is installed on the top of the transfer case ball pair of screw-nut 3 and the upper surface of the two blocks of linear movement 18. The slider 6 is also connected to the box of the sensor 10, establishing a limit position of the vertical movement of the slider 6. The slider 6 is moved up and down in accordance with the rotation of the ball screw 17. For mounting the ball screw 17 is installed main unit 2 ball bearings. Two ball bearing 16 is installed in the unit 2 ball bearings, whereby to limit axial movement uses a lock nut 8. Block main bearing 2 has two lock nuts 8 and 9 and the spacer 11. RA is porna sleeve 11 is located between the bearing 16 and lock nuts 8 and 9. One of the lock nuts 8 is designed to prevent axial movement of the ball screw 17, and the other lock nut 9 is used for fixing the position of the bearing 16 in the bearing housing 2. Bracket motor 12 is installed in the main unit 2 ball bearings. The motor 14 is mounted on the bracket of the motor 12. To connect the two ends of the shaft, i.e. the shaft of the ball screw shaft 23 and the motor 24 is used the drive with a flexible shaft 15.

The electric motor 13 generates rotary motion, which causes the ball screw Assembly 17 into rotation without slipping through the coupling 18. This rotational motion is converted into linear motion by the ball screw 17, block linear 18, the slider 6 and the transmission unit ball of a pair of screw-nut 3. The scanner 27 and the light source are arranged so that the light fell on the stone, placed on the matrix 28. The scanner 27 is connected to the computer so that after scanning the raw stone structure and physical characteristics of natural stone could display on the computer screen. The physical characteristics of the stone are computed using an application program installed in the computer.

This machine uses two stepper/servo electrode is". One is designed for vertical movement and the other for rotation about an axis. In the block axis of rotation of the installed motor with two output ends of the shaft. The unit axis of rotation is fixed by means of angle aluminum bracket. On the upper shaft is installed with angle aluminum bracket holder block matrix 25. On the upper shaft is attached to the holder block matrix, and to accurately determine the starting position is set spherical mirror position sensor.

In the electronic unit uses two control block (PCB) 20, and 21. One of the control units 21 is a block location, and the second control unit 20 to the control device. The control units installed on the holder control units 28. The entire unit as a whole is mounted on the bracket body 4.

Specially designed matrix is installed on the holder of a matrix and is used to fasten the diamond to be layout/cut. This matrix has a specific purpose and was designed exclusively for this purpose. The matrix has a check mark that allows you to determine the position of the holder of the matrix.

The diamond can be fixed on the surface of the matrix using solid glue or double-sided adhesive tape. The stylus is used for marking the band, faces, and t is blitney face on the surface of the diamond. A distinctive feature is the use of the drive mechanism with PWM servo control, which controls the operation of the marking.

The power source is connected to the circuit Board of the drive control unit. Fee actuator consists of four identical control circuits with which it operates two motor vertical movement and rotation of the block. Two other circuits related to the labeling device is one control coil of the relay device marking and the second controls the pump, carrying out the ink. In the control unit determining the location of the optocouplers are used to protect the gliding device from possible short circuits in the computer and Vice versa. To determine the movement of the block is used.

The control unit detects and sets the predefined values move the device planning. After scanning one diamond when you install the next diamond control unit installed at the beginning of the countdown to start scanning a new diamond.

In accordance with the present invention, the design matrix is of great importance. The matrix has a small hole with a diameter of 1 mm, Matrix must be installed on the holder with a pin connected to the top in the scrap motor. Inside the upper gap of the holder of a matrix mounted on the press fit spacer sleeve, and inside spacers on the press fit mounted pin. The top 1 mm of the pin sticking out for simplicity and ease of installation of the matrix. The stone is attached to the matrix by means of glue. The sensor determines the amount of vertical movement of the block, and the vertical movement of the die stone is accomplished by vertical movement of the slider. The stone is rotated around the axis of rotation. The matrix is moved vertically upwards and is under the control of the locking mechanism. With all these moves, and using a computer program structural characteristics of the diamond are stored in the computer. All in all, this is the scan engine. The diamond is mounted on a support matrix. This is followed by installation of the sensor in its original position, so that the stand is moved to its original position, in which all axes are set to zero. The rotation angle of the diamond, as well as the speed and step size of the scanned layer specified by the user interface. Scanning starts from the zero layer, i.e. the layer height is equal to zero. All data about the diamond is saved in the file, after which the angle is changed by turning the stand of the diamond and the process repeats. After the rotation unit do the one full rotation, the rotator goes up one step. The scan continues until it reaches the end surface of the stone or the sensor does not recognize the matrix material. Thus, data collection is performed for a single rotation around an axis, followed by vertical movement of one step, resulting in a gain of three-dimensional image of the raw stone.

Marking machine unit includes a pump and a container of paint. A paint container is connected to the pen with a hollow tube for smooth paint flow. Pump control is carried out using a relay. When the relay receives a signal from the card drive in the form of a pulse of high voltage, it is magnetized and is activated, pressing feather token to the stone for marking.

This is followed by marking of the stone with the purpose of marking the edges of the table and belt. Depending on the presence of foreign inclusions (NAC and serums) you must re-determine the position of the planes and calculate volume and mass. Again you are marking, and then determines the position of the planes. The result is optimized diamond.

To display the object used wireframe model. Mass can be calculated using formulas to determine the volume of the tetrahedron. In addition, the computer is the computer program used to determine the weight of the diamond in carats and layout of the diamond is the largest size in a raw diamond. Laser gliding device determines the shape of the diamond that best fits natural stone and having the greatest amount of mass and volume.

1. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond, which includes a laser scanning device, three-dimensional scanning system, the matrix, the labeling device, an electronic unit and a computer program for calculating the weight of the diamond and characteristics of a diamond (diamond), which can be obtained from a raw diamond.

2. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 1, in which the three-dimensional scanning system includes a main body, a guide, two block linear movement, the slider body transfer ballpoint pair of screw-nut unit ball lead screw, check sensor, lock nut, matrix, and the holder of the matrix.

3. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 2, in which two guides mounted on the main body to define the path.

4. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 2, in which two block linear motion installed on the guides to reduce friction during vertical movement.

5. Laser machine for analysis,planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 2, in which blocks of linear movement associated with the slider with the gear ballpoint pair of screw-nut.

6. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 2, in which the unit ball screw ensures high precision, the precision of the original position and the accuracy in accordance with the command.

7. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 2, in which the unit ball lead screw is installed on the center between the guides.

8. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 2, in which the slider block is installed on the top of the transfer case ball pair of screw-nut on the upper surfaces of the two blocks of linear movement.

9. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 2 or 7, in which the slider is associated with a flag sensor.

10. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 2 or 8, in which the flag sensor ensures the accuracy of setting the slider to its original position during vertical movement.

11. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 2 or 6, in which the slider moves up and down during the rotation of the Sha is ecologo lead screw.

12. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to any one of claim 2, 6, 8, which is for mounting the ball screw in the block bearing is equipped with two ball bearings.

13. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 2, in which for limiting axial movement uses a lock nut.

14. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond indicated in paragraph 12, in which between the bearing and lock nuts installed spacer sleeve.

15. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 2, in which to connect the two ends of the shaft - the shaft of the ball screw and the motor shaft is a flexible propeller shaft.

16. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 1, which uses two stepper/servo motor - one for vertical movement and the other for rotation about the rotation axis.

17. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 2, in which the upper shaft of the rotary axis is set holder matrix with angle aluminum bracket.

18. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond p is 1, in which the pegging of the band, faces, and tables on the diamond surface using a stylus.

19. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 1, in which the electronic unit uses two control unit - a control unit to determine the location and the second as a system control unit.

20. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 1 or 19, in which the control unit Assembly is installed on the bracket on the body.

21. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 1, in which the power source is connected to the control Board drive control unit.

22. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond in item 21, in which the charge control actuator consists of four identical control circuits through which are driven by two electric motors for vertical and rotational movement of the block, and the other two chains are markers - one controls the coil of the relay token, and the second pump, carrying out the ink.

23. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 1, in which protection planning device from short circuit in the computer in the control unit ODA is a division location optocouplers are used.

24. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 1, in which the display object is its representation in the form of a wireframe model.

25. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 1, in which a computer program is used to determine the weight of the diamond in carats.

26. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 1, in which a computer program is used to determine the number and size of the diamond (diamonds), which may be made of a raw diamond.

27. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 1, in which the device labeling machine includes a pen and a pump with capacity to paint.

28. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond in item 27, in which the capacity to paint connected with the pen using a hollow tube for smooth paint flow.

29. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking raw diamond according to claim 1 or 27, in which the required markup is applied to the diamond marking device after verification and optimization of the parameters on the screen using a computer program.

30. Laser machine for analysis, planning and marking it is botanova diamond according to claim 1 or 25, in which a block diagram of a computer program is essentially described here with reference to the accompanying drawing in figure 10.