Method and device for testing precious stones

FIELD: investigating or analyzing materials.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises housing provided with solid body laser connected with the window in the heat insulating tank filled with liquid nitrogen and provided with the precious stone, semiconductor laser connected with the window, two spectrometers for detecting luminescence in the range of 550-10000 nm, and processor for processing signals from the spectrometers.

EFFECT: reduced sizes and simplified method of testing.

47 cl, 9 dwg

Prerequisites for creating inventions

Important in the evaluation of precious stones is the determination of whether polished gemstone rough natural diamond. It is possible to manufacture jewelry diamonds synthetically. You can also put natural diamonds processed under high pressure and at high temperature or radiation treatment to increase their value, for example the intensity of their color.

The present invention relates to a device for indicating or determining whether a polished gemstone natural diamond that has not been subjected to radiation treatment, and/or raw natural diamond that has not been subjected to processing under high pressure and at high temperature. Such determination may be made in the laboratory by exposure gemstone to gemstone radiated the photoluminescence spectra, and further analysis of these spectra. This method is described in the publication Damasskoy Gemological laboratory SAS2000 RAMAN Spectra" on its websitehttp://www.gis.net/˜adamas/raman.html. Another such method is described in the article by Fisher et al in "Gems &Gemology", Spring 2000, pages 42-49.

Using photoluminescence spectra is an improved method of detecting minor nuclear is remesa and other defects in the crystal lattice, but this method is not very sensitive at room temperature. If you lower the temperature of precious stone to the temperature of liquid nitrogen (about -196° (C)in some cases, the degree of sensitivity can be increased by several orders of magnitude, and this degree of sensitivity may need to detect whether a diamond is synthetic or not or processed whether certain diamonds to improve their color. However, obtaining the temperature of liquid nitrogen is possible on laboratory equipment and unavailable in stores. Equipment to carry out the above-mentioned process is costly cryostat, for example, described in WO 01/33203 And article entitled "Spectrascopic Study of Cobalt Related Optical Centres in Synthetic Diamond", Journal of Applied Physics, American Institute of Physics, New York, US, Volume 79, No. 8, 15^thApril 1996, pages 4348-4357, and article entitled "Observation of the H2 Defect in Gem-Quality Type la Diamond", Diamond and Related Materials, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, NL, Volume 8, 1999, pages 1061-1066. Modern serial cryostat, as I believe, provides an adjustable, pre-set temperature, which demand is continuously changing to room temperature and above. In General, commercially available cryostats requires the formation of a vacuum in the space for the sample to avoid possible condensation. Although some cryostats with liquid nitrogen can be bolshimi, they need gas flowing systems and vacuum pumps, which complicates the process and requires additional time for the formation of a vacuum. The cryostats Peltier and cryostats Joule-Thomson may be small, but they are fragile and expensive; in cryostats Joule-Thomson for the operation requires a high-pressure gas. Additionally, the lasers in the evaluation have traditionally been gas lasers that are relatively large, cumbersome and expensive. Thus, the equipment in the evaluation of precious stones requires high qualification you are using.

The aim of the present invention is the elimination or partial elimination of at least one of the disadvantages of the devices known from the prior art, or creating a useful alternative device check a precious stone.

It is preferable to create a device that can be used by jewelers and which, therefore, does not require a high skill level, and should be relatively cheap, easy to use and to characterize performance, while it is believed that the device will not be able to complete accurately detect all types of diamonds. The main objective of the present invention is to significantly reduce the number of gems that require more intensive and is taking a lot of time checking on more complex equipment.

According to the present invention a device, as described in paragraphs 1, 2, 3, 39 or 40 of the claims, and the method outlined in paragraphs 41, 42 or 43 of the claims. In paragraphs 24-38 and 44-46 declared preferred and/or optional features of the invention.

The device according to the invention can be reliable, compact, easy and quick to use and relatively inexpensive and can therefore be used by jewelers without requiring high skills or complex manipulations, although the device can also be used in Gemological laboratories.

In contrast to conventional cryostats device according to the invention contains no vacuum system or a thermoelectric cooler. It uses a very simple way to eliminate condensation. Test sample of a gemstone can be submerged in the cryogenic substance (i.e. cryogenic liquid or liquefied gas) and placed in a bath of cryogenic substance in the heat-insulated container. The size of the container and the parameters of the insulation may be selected such that it was possible to achieve retention of cryogenic substances from several minutes to several tens minutes. To prevent the formation of condensation on the window, bath with cryogen is m should not remain dry during the measuring period. Bath with a cryogenic substance can be much smaller, cheaper and faster to use than conventional cryostat, and be of a design that does not require high qualification for handling, in particular, through the use of a holder for holding a precious stone against the window.

The preferred cryogenic substance is liquid nitrogen, as it is easily accessible and safe to use. However, it is possible with the appropriate precautions to use liquid oxygen, which ensures that the temperature is only about 10°C higher than the temperature of liquid nitrogen. In General, you can use any suitable liquefied gas or gas mixture, provided that its temperature is below minus 100°C, preferably below about minus 120°C, preferably below about minus 150°or about minus 160°With; to detect precious stones, processed under high pressure and at high temperature, the maximum temperature is about minus 100°C.

The invention allows fast measurement of photoluminescence at temperatures lower than minus 100°C. the measurement Time can last from several seconds to several tens of seconds. In one example, using liquid nitrogen, the device can be used with speed Conven the ü-twenty seconds per sample, while filling the container with liquid nitrogen every fifteen minutes, compared with time of fifteen to thirty minutes per sample using traditional laboratory equipment, as for example described in WO 01/33203 A. After measuring analyzed the photoluminescence spectra using a processor operating with the appropriate algorithm, and the result of analysis is displayed on the screen. In view of the rapid test device according to the invention may be particularly useful in Gemological laboratories, which usually check hundreds of diamonds in the day.

The device according to the invention can not accurately determine whether a polished precious stone raw diamond that has not been processed under high pressure and at high temperature. The device will be identified as sent for research (i.e. sort) all unprocessed synthetic diamonds as well as natural or synthetic diamonds, treated under high pressure and at high temperature. However, it will also be found as sent to study about 15%-30% untreated natural diamonds are type II. However, the device can be very useful in practice, especially if it is associated with one or more other devices on the I check precious stones, such as a device DiamondSure 1" (as, for example, described in WO 91/16617) or device "DianondSure 2" (as, for example, described in WO 91/91617, but modified for broader spectral measurements). The device according to the invention is seen rather as a device for pre-assessment or sort, and not as a detector of the presence of a treatment under high pressure and at high temperature, because the aim of the invention is to substantially reduce the number of stones that require careful and time-consuming research on more complex spectroscopic equipment.

The device according to the invention is intended, primarily, to sort of natural diamonds are type II, which have been processed under high pressure and at high temperature to change their colors. For this application, the diamonds would have been pre-screened in order to identify them as natural, and type II, i.e. to sort all those stones that are synthetic diamonds or which are not natural diamonds are type II. Diamond type II is called the diamond, which is not characterized by absorption in the so-called region "is caused by a defect of one phonon spectrum of infrared radiation between 500 and 1500 cm^-1. This type of diamond can be defined through the your measurement of the spectrum of infrared radiation in this area, or by applying the device DiamondSure 2". Because the device is "DiamondSure 2" focuses on the study (i.e. sorts), both natural and synthetic diamonds of type II diamonds sent from device "DiamondSure 2", are examined to determine whether they are synthetic; on the other hand, can be applied with standard Gemological methods.

The device according to the invention will also be sorted for the study of all natural diamonds are type I treated under high pressure and at high temperature (diamond type I called the diamond that because nitrogen is characterized by absorption in the region "is caused by a defect of one phonon). However, it will be sorted to study a relatively large number of untreated natural diamonds are type I, since the device according to the invention is not so effective in the detection processing of natural diamond type I under high pressure and at high temperature.

If the device according to the invention is used to detect the object of treatment by irradiation, requires no pre-sorting of other devices. All types of diamond have a line of zero phonon at 741 nm after treatment with radiation.

The device according to the invention can be directed to readings only whether a precious stone is vraboteni natural diamond or not. Thus, the device may be directed to the classification of gemstones into two categories, namely: "pass" (i.e., an indication that the gemstone is untreated natural diamond, which were not exposed to the radiation treatment or processing under high pressure and at high temperature) and Outbox, and if you specify the category of "reference"that can be given of the ratios of the spectral characteristics for the implementation of subsequent sorting. On the other hand, the device may be designed to provide much more information, as, for example, whether a precious stone is generally diamond or synthetic diamond, or a doublet synthetic diamond and natural diamond (which may be produced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthetic diamond, natural diamond or natural diamond, which is irradiated and/or subjected to processing under high pressure and at high temperature to improve its color. In this case, the instrument can display one of three possible outcomes, namely:

"pass" - does not require any further investigation, and the sample can be considered as natural and unprocessed

"reference" - will require a more thorough spectroscopic study as a small percentage p is radnih rough diamond type II also gives this result (in addition to all natural and synthetic diamonds, processed under high pressure and at high temperature),

"sending with the quantitative results indicating the relationship of the intensities of certain spectroscopic characteristics" is displayed quantitative result may be sufficient to determine the sample as processed under high pressure and at high temperature without the need for a more thorough spectroscopic measurements (the usefulness of such intensity ratio is described, for example, in the aforementioned article by Fisher and others).

Although the device will specify the "reference" for all synthetic diamonds, synthetic diamonds, treated under high pressure and at high temperature, it is possible to accurately identify by observation of the unique spectroscopic features.

The device can be done in such a way as to detect the line Raman scattering spectrum for diamond and its value, and, thus, it is possible to normalize signs of photoluminescence of interest to make a more quantitative way. Value line Raman scattering spectrum is changed in accordance with the size of the gemstone or characteristics slice precious stone, and signs of luminescence can be correlated in accordance with the magnitude line spectrum combine the ion scattering to reduce the effect size or the cut of the precious stone.

The device may be suitable if there is only one laser and only one wavelength of radiation. However, it is preferable to radiation at two distinct wavelengths, which mainly use two lasers and preferably two spectrometers. The spectrometer can cover two different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths. Theoretically you can use or broadband incoherent radiation for irradiation of precious stones in order to obtain the spectrum of photoluminescence, although for the formation of the above line Raman scattering spectrum is required vysokotehnicheskoe radiation.

The window can be formed by the end of the fiber optic cable or cables, which may be surrounded by a sealing sleeve. The sealing sleeve and the fiber should have a low thermal inertia and can withstand thermal cycles. Typically, the container has only one window, although it may have more than one window, one window is connected with the laser (lasers)and the other with a spectrometer (spectrometer). In practice, the window is typically located at the bottom of the container, because the diamond can be easily placed at the desired location and under the action of gravity can rely on the window. However, theoretically, the window may be on the side of the container, although it would be inconvenient and need to change what was bulalo would be special holding means.

Insulated container may have a depth of less than about 50 mm or about 30 mm, and a square horizontal cross-section less than about 5000 mm²or 4000 mm²or even less than about 400 mm². The nominal power of the laser or of the first or second laser can be less than about 100 mW, for example, between about 10 and about 50 mW. One of the lasers may be a semiconductor laser is very small, i.e. smaller than about 10×10 mm, Other lasers may have diameters of less than 30 mm and a length of less than 200 mm or even less than 75 mm Spectrometer may have a size less than about 150×200×50 mm, the Device may have a height of about 150 mm or less, for example, about 150 mm or about 100 mm and an outer length of a horizontal cross section of less than about 550 mm and the outer width of the horizontal cross-section less than about 250 or 200 mm

Preferred embodiments of the inventions

As an example, describes preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 shows a partial section along the line I-I in figure 1 through the first device for indications whether polished gemstone rough natural diamond,

Figure 2 presents a perspective view of the device according to the about 1, where not shown, the upper part of the casing and other parts,

Figure 3 presents the axonometric image of the camera for the sample in the first device,

4 shows the axonometric image showing the sample holder in the first device,

Figure 5 presents the axonometric image blocks of the first device when viewed from behind.

Figure 6 - axonometric image of the first device in the building when viewed from the front,

7 is a schematic vertical section of the second device,

On Fig presents a schematic perspective view of a second device,

Figure 9 presents a schematic vertical section of a third device.

The device has a housing 1, which acts as a support structure for mounting other components to provide mounted in a common housing of the Autonomous device. The housing 1 is open at the sides to provide access and is covered by a removable plastic casing 1^with(see figure 5 and 6), which protects most of the component parts. The housing 1 contains a cover of the 1^andand the basis of the 1^bthat is bolted to the lid of the 1^andand to which is bolted the most component parts. At the top of the casing 1 is thermally insulated cylindrical (with elongated cross-section) those who aplasticheskoj thin-walled cryogenic container or tub 2. Bath 2 is located inside the cylinder 2^andfrom rigid foam, such as polystyrene, acting as insulation. Bath 2 is used to place the liquid nitrogen 3 and verifiable polished gemstone 4; bath 2 must have the appropriate dimensions to accommodate the largest anticipated diamond and a sufficient amount of liquid nitrogen; it has an elongated shape to maximize its square horizontal cross-section while maintaining, if possible, the small size of the device from the front side to the rear side. Tub 2 at its bottom has a window 5, on which is placed the front side, preferably the face of the gemstone 4. Bath 2 has an elliptical cap or cover 6 of the camera for the sample. For holding and centering gemstone 4 against the window 5 has a downward projection or retaining rod 8.

The rod 8 is a rigid tube with a low thermal inertia, having an inner diameter of usually 1-3 mm and made of a suitable structural thermoplastic that is resistant to the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The rod 8 is made in the form of a rolling element, for example, a friction fit or a simple sliding fit to adapt to precious stones of different heights (distance from t is some surface to the point vertices). The design is made so that the top of the gem 4 can be pressed into the lower end of the rod 8 or be held in place by friction or by an adhesive, such as "Blu-Tac" to lower the rod 3 in liquid nitrogen already in the tub 2, while the flat surface of a gemstone 4 is in contact with the window 5.

Below is described the upper part of the unit, including the bath 2, the cover 6 and rod 8.

The housing 1 contains a first, compact solid-state laser (green) 9, and the second (red) laser 10. In addition, the housing 1 contains two compact and sensitive spectrometer 11a, 11b on the basis of the CCD is sensitive in the range or ranges. Lasers 9, 10 and spectrometers 11a, 11b, bolted to the base 1B. Lasers 9, 10 and spectrometers 11a, 11b are connected to a separate fiber-optic cables 12, 13, 14a, 14b or only racketering fiber-optic cable with window 5. The window 5 is formed by the ends of the fiber optic cables 12, 13, 14a, 14b or the end of a single cable, which end or ends and the plane of the bottom of the tub 2. Thus, lasers 9, 10 are connected with a window 5 for irradiation gemstone 4 radiation of two different wavelengths, and spectrometers 11a, 11b are connected with a window 5 for the perception of the spectra of photoluminescence emitted from the DRA is ociennym stone 4, and delivery of their outputs corresponding signals of the spectral data. The ends of the fiber optic cables 12, 13, 14a, 14b surrounded by a very thin, for example, steel insulating tube (not shown)held by the holder 15 in the form of a coil. Alternatively, you can have a smaller hole in the bottom of the bath 2 and not to use the holder 15. The holder 15 and the fiber optic cables 12, 13, 14a, 14b have a small thermal inertia (i.e., in General, are thin and small in diameter) and can withstand thermal shock. A single fiber constituting each of the cables 13, 14a, 14b, preferably surrounded by the window 5 of the bundle of fibers forming part of the cable 12 from the excitation laser 9. Fiber cable excitation 12 and, optionally, all of the cables 12, 13, 14a, 14b preferably have a diameter of about 250 microns, or about 200 microns or less.

There are blocking filters, schematically illustrated in positions 16A, 16B between the window 5 and spectrometers 11a, 11b, and designed to filter out radiation of wavelengths of incident radiation, for example, blocking the wavelength of the laser 9, 10, the wavelength range which detects the spectrometer 11a, 11b. A simple device for switching between the two lasers 9, 10. For security purposes, before cable excitation 12 has a mechanical shutter (not shown)made such clicks the zoom, the valve closes when the cover 6. The laser 10 has an electronic safety device (not shown)which is driven razminaem the microswitch, combined with the cover 6 and which disables the laser 10 when the cover 6.

Outputs spectrometers 11a, 11b connected to the processor in electronic control panel on the circuit Board 17, is attached to the base 1B, which analyzes the spectral data from the spectrometer and determine whether the gemstone is untreated natural diamond, etc. Processor connected to the display 18 for displaying information indicating whether a precious stone 4 untreated natural diamond irradiated diamond or synthetic diamond. The display 18 can give numerical or text results. Schematically shows the manual controls in the form of buttons 19, 20.

Figure 3 and 4 illustrates in greater detail the parts that are directly attributable to the bathroom 2. Bearing 31 is attached to the lid 1A so that it is worn on the upper part of the bath 2 and the insulating cylinder 2A. Support 31 carries a rotatable block 32 mounted on its axis of rotation 33, which rotates the lever 34 attached to the cover 6 of the camera for the sample. The lever 34 has a rear portion 35 (see figure 1), equipped with a number of holes to connect with mehanicheskij valve (not shown) before laser 9 in order to cover the laser 9 when the cover 6.

Bearing 31 has two speakers up of the pin 36, which pass through holes at the ends of the removable holder 37 of the sample. The holder 37 of the sample is made in one piece cover 38, which passes through the retaining rod 8 with a simple sliding fit (although it could be fractional landing), and the rod 8 at its upper end has a ring 39 to manipulate. The holder 37 of the sample on the sides of its ends is provided with a notch, and easy to manipulate, gripping the sides of the ends between the thumb and forefinger of each hand to place holder 37 on the pins 36.

As can be seen in figures 1 and 3, there is a perforated plate 41 in contact with the upper edge of the tub 2 and is equipped with a large Central hole and other holes for the passage of gasified cryogenic substances. Plate 41 reduces the risk of the introduction of the user's finger in a cryogenic substance 3 in the tub 2. As you can see in figure 1, the cover 38 of the sample holder is exactly the same with a large Central hole in the plate 41, but is directly above it.

Shows the rear cover 42 to protect the rear of the laser 9. The casing 1C is held on the basis of 1B with two screws (not shown) and has corresponding holes for the cover 6, the display 18, buttons pack is Alenia 19, 20 and the rear cover 42.

Example

One example of the device according to figure 1-6 has the following options:

case: height of about 111 mm, the width and length 184×240 mm

all device: height 150 mm, width and length 220×300 mm

bath 2: depth 30 mm, large and small axes, respectively 100 mm and 40 mm, which gives the area of a horizontal section 3600 mm²,

pin 8: Polyacetal,

the first laser 9: laser yttrium Vanadate doped with niobium, series GLM-110 with a wavelength of 532 nm and frequency doubled supplied "Lilit technology (Taiwan), 50 mW, diameter 20 mm, length 50 mm (alternatively can be used laser yttrium aluminium garnet doped with niobium, frequency-doubled, but the length 140 mm)

the second laser 10: compact semiconductor laser DL-5147-041 with a wavelength of 655 nm (adjustable between about 650 and about 700 nm)supplied "Sanya", 50 mW, diameter less than 10 mm, length less than 10 mm,

spectrometers 11a, 11b: model SD2000 with dual diffraction grating produced "ocean Optics", distributed by world precision instruments", approximate length of 100 mm, a width of 140 mm and height 40 mm; to improve spectral resolution in front of each entrance slit of the spectrometer can be placed 100 micron slit; luminescence detected by the spectrometers is 11a, 11b, is characterized by lines of zero phonon between 550 and 1000 nm. Spectrometers 11a, 11b detect the radiation, respectively excited by the laser 9 and the laser 10,

fiber-optic cable excitation 12: bundle of fibers with a diameter of 250 microns,

fiber-optic cable excitation 13: a single fiber diameter of 250 microns,

fiber-optic cables 14a, 14b: a single fiber diameter of 250 microns,

the holder 15: Polyacetal,

filters 16A, 16B: filters that allow long-wave radiation (for example, glass filters SCHOTT OG 550 and RG 695), blocking of clay-wave lasers, respectively, 9, 10,

processor: Texas TMS320 F206, single-chip, integrated circuit 16 bit 32 kwords programmable memory and 9 kwords of memory storage, with other components on the circuit Board 17 is approximately 235×160 mm

the display 18: device for liquid crystals with 2 lines and 24 characters on each line forming the front panel above the circuit Board; a display size of approximately 105×30 mm

weight: less than 3 kg, i.e. a portable, mounted in a common housing, the offline device

principle: for details on spectroscopy, concerning the treatments under high pressure and at high temperature, you can refer to the above article, Fisher, etc. the Device according to the invention detecting the contact characteristics of the luminescence lines of the zero phonon at 575 nm, 637 nm and 737 nm. These lines are usually characteristic of diamond grown by CVD. The device can also detect signs of some synthetic diamonds grown by synthesis under high pressure and at high temperature. These characteristics arise from impurities associated with the atoms of cobalt and Nickel, and have a luminescence peaks at 580,4 nm, 720 nm, 753 nm and 793 nm. The device also detects the line of the zero phonon at 741 nm (range GR1), which is characteristic of a diamond is exposed to the radiation treatment. Processing under high pressure and at high temperature can be determined from the ratio of intensities of the signs at 575 nm and 637 nm. The device can also be designed to detect a characteristic in 987 nm (range H2), which specifies that a diamond type I was subjected to processing under high pressure and at high temperature in order to affect its color. In addition, the device according to the invention can detect the line Raman-Stokes equations of the first order, resulting from irradiation at a frequency of 532 nm or 625 nm, and use the line height to normalize the signal amplitude photoluminescence to give quantitative results for the spectra of photoluminescence.

The device according to figures 1 to 6 is executed to display one of the three who is one of the results namely, "pass", "reference" and "reference with the numerical result, which gives the relationship of the intensities of certain spectroscopic characteristics", as described above.

Thus, the device according to figure 1-6 indicates whether polished gemstone natural diamond, which were not exposed to the radiation treatment and that has not been processed under high pressure and at high temperature. However, through selective detection of certain peaks in the luminescence can adapt the device for reading only whether polished gemstone natural diamond, which were not exposed to the radiation treatment, or whether polished gemstone natural diamond that has not been processed under high pressure and at high temperature.

The device according to Fig.7 and 8

The device according to Fig.7 and 8, in the main, similar to the device according to figures 1 to 6, with the same position are used to designate same or similar parts. In the specified device has one spectrometer 11 with the cable 14 for detection, one filter 16. This shows that when the desire of the device design figure 1-6 can be eliminated one spectrometer with the insertion of a suitable filter in the specified one spectrometer connected and removed the first with him, fiber optic cable or branch. The rod 8 is attached to the flat lid 1, forming part of the closing device, and the layout is much easier than in the device according to figure 1-6. In the specified device is not shown, the mechanical shutter for laser 9, but such a valve may be provided so that when the cover 6 is obscured by the laser 9.

In other constructions (not shown) of the device according to Fig.7 and 8, there is coaxially branched optical fiber scheme. The light from a single laser 9, 10 drops directly on the valve before one branch of the fiber optic cable. The light from the second laser is deflected along the path of the first laser by dvukhprotonnogo device, which is driven by a mechanical solenoid.

The device according to Fig.7 and 8 may be similar to the above example. One filter 16 may be combined filter, which transmits long-wavelength radiation (e.g., a glass filter SCHOTT OG 550) for blocking the light from the first laser, and a notch filter centered at the wavelength of the second laser 10 and blocking light in the wavelength range 1-5 nm.

A container which has a circular cross-section, may have a depth of 20 mm and an inner diameter of 20 mm, which gives the area of a horizontal section of about 315 mm².

The device according Phi is .9

The device according to figure 9 is larger than the device according to Fig.7 and 8, but on the other hand has a similar design, except that there is no second laser 10. The same positions are denoted by identical parts. Schematically shows the fiber optic cables 12, 14.

Used in the description the term "laser" encompasses any source of coherent radiation. Used herein, the term "spectrometer" covers any detector that can detect or identify appropriate wavelength photoluminescence, and in the simplest form, could only be a narrow-band filter or a photomultiplier.

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and claims the word "contains", "containing", etc. need to be interpreted in the sense of comprising opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense, in other words, in the sense of "including, but not limited to".

The present invention described above, only as examples, so can be carried out modification of the specified device.

1. Device for testing precious stone (4)containing a thermally insulated container (2) to accommodate the precious stone, which has a window (5), means for cooling the container using cryogen, the cover (6 or 38) for a container, the laser 9 is whether 10) for irradiating the specified precious stone through the window, spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) to detect a specified window spectra of photoluminescence emitted precious stone, and outputting at its output corresponding signals of the spectral data, a blocking filter (16,16A and 16b) between the specified window and spectrometer to filter out radiation at the wavelength of the irradiating radiation, the processor connected to the output of the spectrometer, for analysis of spectral data from the spectrometer, a display (18)connected to the processor, for displaying information relating to precious stone, and a support structure (1), characterized in that the specified device is indication whether polished gem (4) natural diamond, which were not exposed to the radiation treatment and was not processed under high pressure and at high temperature, the processor and the display (18) provide an indication of whether a precious stone is a natural diamond that has not been processed by irradiation and not processed under high pressure and at high temperature, with the specified container (2) ensures the reception of the precious stone and the cryogen, with the specified gem directly immersed in the specified cryogen, and the window (5) is the basis of the specified container, near which must be RA is mesena the face of a precious stone, the support structure provides the installation of the above components, forming a stand-alone device, with the specified laser (9 or 10) and the spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) is connected with the specified window.

2. Device for testing precious stone (4)containing a thermally insulated container (2) to accommodate the precious stone, which has a window (5), means for cooling the container using cryogen, the cover (6 or 38) for a container, the laser (9 or 10) for irradiating the specified precious stone through the window of the spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) to detect a specified window spectra of photoluminescence emitted precious stone, and outputting at its output corresponding signals of the spectral data, a blocking filter (16,16A and 16b) between the specified window and the spectrometer to filter out radiation at the wavelength of the irradiating radiation, the processor connected to the output of the spectrometer, for analysis of spectral data from the spectrometer, a display (18)connected to the processor, for displaying information relating to precious stone, and a support structure (1), characterized in that the specified device is the display, whether polished gem (4) natural diamond, which were not exposed to the radiation treatment, the processor and the display (18) provide in the ikariu, whether a precious stone is a natural diamond that has not been subjected to radiation treatment, with the specified container (2) ensures the reception of the precious stone and the cryogen, with the specified gem directly immersed in the specified cryogen, and the window (5) is the basis of the specified container, near which must be placed face precious stone, and the said supporting structure provides for the installation of the above components, forming a stand-alone device, with the specified laser (9 or 10) and the spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) is connected with the specified window.

3. Device for testing precious stone (4)containing a thermally insulated container (2) to accommodate the precious stone, and having the window (5), means for cooling the container using cryogen, the cover (6 or 38) for a container, the laser (9 or 10) for irradiating the specified precious stone through the window of the spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) to detect a specified window spectra of photoluminescence emitted precious stone, and outputting at its output corresponding signals of the spectral data, a blocking filter (16,16A and 16b) between the specified window and the spectrometer to filter out radiation at the wavelength of the irradiating radiation, the processor connected to the output of the spectrometer, for analysis of the spectral d is the R from the spectrometer, display (18)connected to the processor, for displaying information relating to precious stone, and a support structure (1), characterized in that the specified device is the display, whether polished gem (4) natural diamond that has not been processed under high pressure and at high temperature, the processor and the display (18) provide an indication of whether a precious stone is a natural diamond that was not processed under high pressure and at high temperature, with the specified container (2) ensures the reception of the precious stone and the cryogen, with the specified gem directly immersed in the specified cryogen, and the window (5) is the basis of the specified container, near which must be placed face precious stone, and the said support structure (1) provides for the installation of the above components, forming a stand-alone device, with the specified laser (9 or 10) and the spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) is connected with the specified window.

4. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein said laser (9) emits radiation of about 530 nm.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said laser (10) emits radiation between about 630 and about 700 nm.

6. The device according to claim 5, in which MC is connected to the laser (10) emits radiation of about 655 nm.

7. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, wherein said laser or lasers (9,10) is performed for the irradiation of precious stone (4) radiation with at least two different wavelengths.

8. The device according to claim 7, in which the size of the wavelength corresponds to the lengths in accordance with claims 4 and 5 or in accordance with claims 4 and 6.

9. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, in which there are at least two of these laser (9,10), connected both with the specified window (5), for the irradiation of gemstone relevant radiation with different wavelengths.

10. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, in which as indicated laser or lasers (9,10) used a compact solid-state lasers.

11. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) detects the presence of at least one characteristic peak luminescence.

12. The device according to claim 1, 3-10, in which the spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) detects at least one peak luminescence, in order to show whether the diamond (4) synthetic diamond grown by synthesis under high pressure and at high temperature.

13. The device according to item 12, in which the spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) detects the peak of the luminescence at one or more wavelengths of 580,4; 720; 753 and 793 is m, in order to show whether the diamond (4) synthetic diamond grown by synthesis under high pressure and at high temperature.

14. Device according to one of claims 1, 3-13, in which the spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) detects the presence of at least two characteristic peaks of luminescence, and the processor correlates the peaks to determine did the diamond processing under high pressure and at high temperature.

15. The device according to 14, in which indicated at least two peaks are 575 and 637 nm.

16. Device according to one of § § 11 and 15, in which the spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) detects the peak of the luminescence at 737 nm to determine whether the diamond (4) synthetic.

17. Device according to one of § § 11-16, in which the spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) detects the peak of the luminescence at 741 nm to determine, did diamond (4) the radiation treatment.

18. Device according to one of § § 11-17, in which the spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) detects the peak of the luminescence at 987 nm to determine whether processed diamond (4) under high pressure and at high temperature.

19. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) generates a signal in accordance with the amplitude of the Raman peak of diamond in the photoluminescence spectra, and the output signal is normalized in accordance to the amplitude of the Raman peak.

20. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, in which there are at least two said spectrometer (11,11a or 11b), both paired with the specified window.

21. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the spectrometer or each spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) is sensitive in the range from about 550 to about 1000 nm.

22. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, in which as a spectrometer or each spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) used a spectrometer based on a CCD.

23. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, in which fiber-optic cables (12,13,14a,14b) connect the laser (lasers) (9,10) and the spectrometer (spectrometer) (11,11a or 11b) with the specified window (5).

24. The device according to item 23, in which the ends of fiber-optic cables (12,13,14a,14b) form specified window (5).

25. The device according to item 23 or 24, in which near the specified window (5) of the first fiber-optic cable (13,14a or 14b) is surrounded by a separate fibers of additional fiber optic cable (12)which is formed by a bundle of individual fibers.

26. The device according to item 23 or 24, in which the spectrometer (11,11a or 11b) is connected with the specified window (5) via the first fiber optic cable (14a or 14b), which is near the specified window is surrounded by a separate fibers of additional fiber optic cable (12), p is uhodyashego from the specified laser (9 or 10) and formed by a bundle of individual fibers.

27. The device according to p. 25 or 26, in which the cross-sectional area of the specified first fiber-optic cable (13,14a or 14b) is substantially less than the cross-sectional area specified additional fiber-optic cable (12).

28. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs in which the specified supporting structure (1) is a single body that encloses all these components, except for the insulated container (4), display (18) and at least one element of manual control (19 or 20), the container (4) is made accepted in the upper part of the body.

29. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, having a portion (8) to hold the gemstone (4) against the specified window (5).

30. The device according to clause 29, in which the cover (6 or 38) of the container has a portion (38) for closing the top of the container (2) and the downward protrusion (8) with a notch at its lower end for contact with the gemstone (4) and its retention against the specified window (5).

31. The device according to item 30, in which the downward protrusion (8) is made in the form of a hollow tube.

32. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, which has a height of less than about 150 mm

33. The device according to p, which has a height of about 100 mm

34. Device according to one of the preceding item is in, which has a length of horizontal sections is less than about 550 mm

35. The device according to clause 34, in which the height of the specified device is about 150 mm or less.

36. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, which is the depth of the container is less than about 50 mm.

37. The device according to p, which is the depth of the container is less than about 30 mm

38. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, which has a square horizontal cross-section of the container is less than about 5000 mm².

39. The device according to § 38, which has a square horizontal cross-section of the container is less than about 400 mm².

40. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the size of the window (5) is much smaller than the base of the insulated container (2).

41. Device according to one of the preceding paragraphs, in which the container (2) made for the reception of liquid nitrogen as the cryogen.

42. The way to check a precious stone (4), containing the following steps: irradiated gemstone laser (9 or 10) and find the photoluminescence spectra emitted specified precious stone, and display on the display (18) information pertaining to precious stone, using a device that includes a support structure (1), bearing at least the following components: talasalitaan the second container (2) to accommodate a precious stone, having at least one window (5), means for cooling the container using cryogen, the cover (6 or 38) for a container, the laser (9 or 10) for irradiating the specified precious stone through the window of the spectrometer (11, 11a or 11b) to detect a specified window spectra of photoluminescence emitted precious stone, and outputting at its output corresponding signals of the spectral data, a blocking filter (16, 16A or 16b) between the specified window and spectrometer to filter out radiation at the wavelength of the irradiating radiation, the processor connected to the output of the spectrometer, for analysis of spectral data from the spectrometer, and a display (18) coupled to the processor, for displaying information regarding gemstone, characterized in that the method is indication whether polished gem (4) natural diamond, which were not exposed to the radiation treatment and was not processed under high pressure and at high temperature, while the processor performs the indication whether the specified gemstone natural diamond, which were not exposed to the radiation treatment and was not processed under high pressure and at high temperature, and the display displays information about whether the specified precious ka is Yan natural diamond which were not exposed to the radiation treatment and was not processed under high pressure and at high temperature, when it is placed precious stone and cryogen in the container (2) so that the gemstone directly immersed in the specified cryogen and the face of a precious stone placed near the specified window (5), by means of the supporting structure (1) provide installation of the above components, forming a stand-alone device, with the specified laser (9, 10) and the spectrometer (11, 11a or 11b) is connected with the specified window.

43. The way to check a precious stone (4), containing the following steps: irradiated gemstone laser (9 or 10) and find the photoluminescence spectra emitted specified precious stone, and display on the display (18) information pertaining to precious stone, using a device that includes a support structure (1), bearing at least the following components: insulated container (2) to accommodate the precious stone, which has a window (5), means for cooling the container using cryogen, the cover (6 or 38) for a container, the laser (9 or 10) for irradiating the specified precious stone through the window of the spectrometer (11, 11a or 11b) to detect a specified window spectra photoluminescence emitted others the precious stone, and outputting at its output corresponding signals of the spectral data, a blocking filter (16, 16A or 16b) between the specified window and spectrometer to filter out radiation at the wavelength of the irradiating radiation, the processor connected to the output of the spectrometer, for analysis of spectral data from the spectrometer, and a display (18) coupled to the processor, for displaying information regarding gemstone, characterized in that the method is indication whether polished gem (4) natural diamond, which were not exposed to the radiation treatment, the processor provides an indication of whether specified gemstone natural diamond, which were not exposed to the radiation treatment, and the display displays information about whether the specified gemstone natural diamond, which were not exposed to the radiation treatment, when this is placed precious stone and cryogen in the container (2) so that the gemstone directly immersed in the specified cryogen and the face of a precious stone placed near the specified window, using the specified reference patterns (1) provide installation of the above components, forming a stand-alone device, with the specified laser (9, 10) and spectrome is p (11, 11a or 11b) is connected with the specified window.

44. The way to check a precious stone (4), containing the following steps: irradiated gemstone laser (9 or 10) and find the photoluminescence spectra emitted specified precious stone, and display on the display (18) information pertaining to precious stone, using a device that includes a support structure (1), bearing at least the following components: insulated container (2) to accommodate the precious stone, which has a window (5), means for cooling the container using cryogen, the cover (6 or 38) for a container, the laser (9 or 10) for irradiating the specified precious stone through the window of the spectrometer (11, 11a or 11b) to detect a specified window spectra of photoluminescence emitted precious stone, and outputting at its output corresponding signals of the spectral data, a blocking filter (16, 16A or 16b) between the specified window and spectrometer to filter out radiation at the wavelength of the irradiating radiation, the processor connected to the output of the spectrometer, for analysis of spectral data from the spectrometer, and a display (18) coupled to the processor, for displaying information regarding gemstone, characterized in that that way indication is provided whether polished precious ka is Yan (4) natural diamond which was not processed under high pressure and at high temperature, while the processor performs the indication whether the specified gemstone natural diamond that has not been processed under high pressure and at high temperature, while the display displays information about whether the specified gemstone natural diamond that has not been processed under high pressure and at high temperature, when it is placed precious stone and cryogen in the container (2) so that the gemstone directly immersed in the specified cryogen and the face of a precious stone placed near the specified window (5), by means of the supporting structure (1) provide installation of the above components, forming a stand-alone device, with the specified laser (9, 10) and the spectrometer (11, 11a or 11b) is connected with the specified window.

45. The method according to one of PP-44, which sort of polished gemstones for otsortirovyvaya precious stones, which are synthetic diamonds or are not natural diamonds are type II, and those that are not sorted, examined using the specified device.

46. The method according to one of p-45, which as of cryogen use liquid nitrogen.</>

47. The method according to one of PP-46, which uses the device according to one of claims 4 to 40.