The method of harvesting of root and tuber crops

Method involves cutting surface layer of soil and forming narrow slits to 60-70 cm depth; during slitting, forming water-accumulating channels of different depth and supplying water therein at flow rate of 5-25 l/s; on expiration of 2-3 days, providing digging and extracting rootages. Apparatus has frame mounted on supporting wheels and provided with vertical knives. One knife is positioned in mid portion of frame. Two other knives are positioned at ends of additional beams. Each of vertical knives is made flat, with concave curvilinear cutting edge and chisel at lower end. Soil deforming device with gauged heads is positioned at rear cut of knives. Heads are communicated with pull-type vessel via channels formed in knives bodies and via flexible hoses. Water is supplied from vessel via gauged heads into vertical channels and water-accumulating channels. During 2-3 days water moistens and softens soil to allow simplified extraction of rootages.

Method involves preliminarily plowing root layer by deep cutting of soil layer without turning and deformation thereof by means of, preferably, flat U-shaped working tool; separating soil and separating rootstocks and roots during second passage along track of previous working tool by lifting undercut layer with the help of inclined lifters and by providing periodic impacts upon lifted layer from the bottom to the top by means of teeth of rotating rotor, with following moving of licorice roots and rootstocks onto surface of tilled soil strip and of soil aggregates and ground to the initial position; providing soil strip of 1.9-2.2 m width by rotavating soil top layer to 0.03-0.06 m depth; cutting 1.1-1.3 m wide and 0.45-0.65 m deep soil layer at one edge of tilled strip; during lifting of undercut layer and deformation thereof, separating root layer into small-sized and large-sized soil aggregates and root mass; laying extracted and separated roots and rootstocks onto remaining part of tilled strip; simultaneously covering surface of undercut layer having soil aggregates moved to the initial position. Machine has frame, separator with inclined lifters, and rotor positioned behind inclined lifters and equipped with drive having teeth with framed working edges. Machine is further provided with vibrating screen mounted behind rotor, and tray for laying licorice roots and rootstocks at the side of frame. Each lifter is mounted on transverse beam of frame and is equipped with chisel positioned on its lower part. Front face of lifter is made flat, with different angles of inclination with respect to horizontal plane.

Method involves digging the tuberous root layer and removal of foreign objects. The harvest is temporarily stored in a detachable storage bin of a harvesting machine. The harvest is then transported in the same storage bin from the field to a point for post harvesting processing, where the product is unloaded, the tuberous roots are cleaned and sorted into fractions of its packaging for storage.

Invention is intended to provide for quality and effective tuberous roots cleanup of soil. The method involves delivery of a tuberous roots heap to cleaning working tools and their interaction with the elements of the cleaning working tools represented by brushes as well as further unloading. The brushes perform clean off soil with cylindrical springs. The spring is positioned parallel to the brushes axle that performs longitudinal alternate/reciprocal vibratory motion along the brushes axle so that to enable the spring self-cleaning.

Method of mechanised harvesting and post-harvesting processing of tuberous roots, including digging of ridge of tuberous roots layer, its transportation with detaching of tuberous roots from the soil impurities of the layer by separation, download and accumulation of tuberous roots in the replaceable trailing hopper, transportation in it of tuberous roots to the line of post-harvesting processing, separation of the remaining impurities from the tuberous roots, their sorting into factions, and shipping. Before digging of the ridge the tops are removed, the ridge of the tuberous roots layer is pinched by figured wheel finders, covered from the sides by the cut-off wheels of the flat plowshare, and then it is digged out with a flat plowshare; root crops are transported to the clod table of the tuberous roots harvester, on which root crops are sorted out and uniformly loaded into the harvester reserve replaceable trailing hopper on wheels mounted on the tuberous roots, made with the drive bottom-conveyor and the cascade device with absorber of speed of descent of tuberous roots, the bottom of which communicates with a replaceable trailing hopper, made with a drive bottom-conveyor and the tail board, with the drive wheels of the reserve replaceable trailing hopper are mounted in one longitudinal plane with the harvester wheels; after transportation of tuberous roots to the line of post-harvesting processing the discharge of the end bottom-conveyor of the replaceable trailing hopper is installed with an overlap and a minimum difference over the receiving conveyor of the line of post-harvesting processing of tuberous roots, the tail board of the replaceable trailing hopper is raised and by the turned on drive bottom-conveyor from the electric motor tuberous roots are overloaded on the conveyor of the line of post-harvesting processing of tuberous roots, and when filling the replaceable trailing hopper during the accumulation of tuberous roots the filled replaceable trailing hopper is disconnected, the empty replaceable trailing hopper is attached and tuberous roots are loaded into it from the reserve replaceable trailing hopper. A system for mechanised harvesting and post-harvesting processing of tuberous roots containing sequentially located tuberous roots harvester equipped with a reserve replaceable trailing hopper and interacting with the means of transportation of tuberous roots to the line for their post-harvesting processing, made in the form of a replaceable trailing hopper. Digging working bodies in the harvester are made in the form of a ploughshare with cut-off discs, located behind the crimping figured wheel finders and replaceable trailing hopper is made provided with a liftgate and is equipped with a drive from hydraulic system or a electric motor of a harvester and the harvester wheels and the wheels of reserve replaceable trailing hopper are made with the possibility of synchronous rotation, and are located in the same longitudinal plane.

Invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in machines for harvesting root crops. The root crops harvesting machine comprises a main frame, the rack with a lift device fixed on it, root-taking discs, two beaters and a screw cleaner. The cleaner is designed as two successively mounted sets, each of which consists of two screws, a roll and a support bracket. Over the second screw of the front set a spring-loaded guide in the form of a gear wall is mounted.

Invention relates to a group of agriculture. Method of harvesting beet tops with its ensilage involves cutting the tops with the top of the root, cleaning piles of the tops from impurities of soil, and loading the tops to the technological vehicle constantly moving between rows of sugar beet with uncut tops on the unharvested side next to the top harvester. After loading the tops are transported to a place of ensilage, followed by unloading by placing in a surface clamp by the layer on top of previously laid layers, with the tops are placed on the previous layer in the surface clamp by throwing it from the tailgate of a technological vehicle body, made in the form of carrier-thrower. The technological vehicle for harvesting beet tops contains a wheeled chassis, body with sideboards hingedly connected to the chassis frame, and hydraulic cylinder of its tilting for unloading, mounted hingedly between the chassis frame and the bodywork. The rear side of the body is designed as a carrier-thrower, the chassis wheels of which are made fit into beet inter-row spacings on width and track and arranged in two traces on the same track, which coincides with the track of the towing tractor. Part of wheels of them are made of pivoted flap type and mounted on lever suspensions, and the chassis frame is equipped with a trailer needle and is adapted to connect to the tractor through its hitch attachment according to the scheme of the semitrailer.

Invention relates to agriculture and can be used to provide a method of non-traumatic loading and unloading tuberous roots from harvesting agricultural machines, such as potato harvesters. The method consists in the fact that flexible diaphragms are the first designed and then made as autonomous structures that can be easily mounted and removed from the body of the vehicle or a tractor trolley. The internal cavity of the said diaphragms is filled with air, equipped with a compressor with an air-filter, safety and outflow valve so that it is actuated only at a certain load, and gradually discharges air from the interior cavity of the diaphragm to the complete use of its height. After that, tuberous roots are transported to the warehouse, and there while unloading the similar flexible diaphragms are used, which are mounted first on self-propelled devices. If necessary, they are rolled under the vehicle or a tractor trolley, the products are unloaded in them, transported in to the desired location in the warehouse and placed for long-term storage. To return the flexible diaphragm to its original state the compressor is actuated, air is injected into the diaphragm to actuating the safety valve, and it is provided that the original form of the flexible diaphragm is not convex, but U-shaped.

Diaphragm for non-traumatic handling of tuberous roots consists of base and frame (1), made as rectangular rigid spatial bar structure with double bottom (2). Walls are made solid and rigidly mounted on bars of base or frame (1). Inside the frame, flexible diaphragm (4) is attached to bottom with possibility to be filled with air from common compressor (5) with control panel (6). To side walls of the frame (1), flexible belt (7) having width equal to diaphragm (4) length is rigidly attached. Near bottom this belt forms narrow loop (8) and passes upwards without being rigidly attached to diaphragm (4) material. At the top, the belt (7) is rigidly attached to diaphragm (4) material and can be made of polyurethane foam or in combination. Profile of diaphragm (4) when being filled with air forms trough shape. At the top of front wall, pneumatic chute is rigidly attached being possible to fold and unfold depending on feeding or removing air to/from it. The chute is made of flexible material, and its outer surface is covered with polyurethane foam. From below, along centerline near the front wall pneumatic cylinder with air stock under pressure of 100-150 MPa inside the cylinder is attached. The cylinder has drain valve and exhaust valve. Cross profile of the chute is trough-shaped. From below of the chute, horizontal rectangular concavity is formed where horizontal rigid link (9) is stretched. Its one end is pivotally attached to the front wall of the said concavity, and the second end is rigidly connected with tape-coil spring. There can be several such devices installed along a wall with equal pitch.

Group of inventions can be used for cleaning and loading of sugar beet from the field pile into the vehicle. The method of operation of the unit as a part of the tractor and the loader-cleaner of root crops includes periods of presence of the loader-cleaner at the field pile of root crops waiting for the arrival of the vehicle for removal of root crops and periods of operation of the loader-cleaner on arrival of the next vehicle. The root crops, soil impurities, and crop residues are taken from the field pile by the loader-cleaner and sent to the cleaning units. They are then partially purified by movement to the loading elevator, and then loaded into the back of the vehicle. During the periods of presence of the loader-cleaner at the field pile of root crops waiting for the arrival of the vehicle, the root crops and soil impurities are taken from the field pile by the loader-cleaner and sent to the cleaning units, cleaned from impurities and moved to the cross conveyor which places a pile of root crops with the remaining impurities in the new field pile on the opposite side from the loading elevator. Upon arrival of the vehicle the cleaned root crops and remaining impurities are taken from the new field pile, re-cleaned and moved to the loading elevator which loads twice cleaned pile of root crops with reduced remaining impurities in the back of the vehicle.