System of environmental monitoring of atmospheric air of mining industrial agglomeration |
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IPC classes for russian patent System of environmental monitoring of atmospheric air of mining industrial agglomeration (RU 2536789):
 Method of determining cloud amount / 2525625
Invention relates to the field of meteorology and relates to a method of determining the total cloud amount. To determine the total cloud amount the colour half-tone image of the entire dome of the sky is obtained in the visible spectrum area and for all the points of the image the comparison of values of the colour components is carried out. If the value of the blue component is greater than the value of the red and green components, the point is assigned the value of "blue sky". If the value of the blue component is less than the value of red or green component, the point is assigned the value of "non-blue sky". The total cloud amount is defined as the relative number of points of the image, which are assigned the value of "non-blue sky".
 Method for remote optical probing of weakly scattering atmosphere / 2495452
Light pulses are sent into the atmosphere from points spread in space on crossing probing paths passing in noncollinear directions. Echo signals are received at sending points; light pulses are sent on additional paths, each crossing all previous paths. The total number of paths is not less than five. Characteristics of the atmosphere are determined from the power of said signals using calculation formulae.
 Buoy for determining characteristics of sea waves / 2490679
Device consists of a housing (3), a device for transmitting information over radio and satellite communication channels (13), a control module (1) with an optional GPS unit, a power supply (2). The housing (3) is entirely made of metal and is cigar-shaped. In the lower part of the housing (3) there is pull-out anchor apparatus (4) and in the upper part there is a stabilising device (5) in form of wings. There are also elements of a parachute system (8) in the upper part of the housing (3). Furthermore, the housing (3), in its submerged part, is equipped with a damping device (14) which consists of an orifice equipped with an even number of lobes. Said lobes are attached to the housing of the buoy by flat springs. Even lobes are attached with inclination downwards and odd lobes are attached with inclination upwards. The optional GPS unit has a four-channel satellite signal receiver which is able to simultaneously measure delta-pseudoranges to four artificial Earth satellites. The satellite communication channel receiver has a navigation filter for simulating movement of the buoy.
 Method of determining increase in thickness of snow cover on avalanche-prone slopes / 2476912
Wind velocity at the crest (V1) and wind velocity on the slope (V2) are first measured on the leeward side of the avalanche-prone slope during a period which is not prone to avalanches, for example, summer. The distance between measuring points (L) is determined and the wind velocity attenuation coefficient for the given slope (K) is calculated using the formula
 Method for remote measurement of wind velocity / 2469361
At two points in the atmosphere at given height and at a certain distance from each other, two artificial point-sources of sound are formed, which synchronously emit an acoustic pulse each. These two acoustic pulses are then received at a point lying on the surface of the earth symmetrically about these sound sources. The propagation time of sound from the first and second sources to the reception point is measured and the wind velocity component is calculated from the relationship: Vv-L(t2-t1)/2t1t2sinα, where vv is the wind velocity vector of a collinear line linking the sound sources, L is the distance between the sound sources and the reception point, t1 is the propagation time of the sound pulse from the first sound source to the reception point, t2 is the propagation time of the sound pulse from the second sound source to the reception point, α is the angle between the vertical which passes through the reception point and the direction of the sound source.
 Method of determining atmospheric characteristics / 2439626
Light pulses are transmitted into the atmosphere from points spaced apart in space. Echo signals are received at transmission points on intersecting probing paths. The intersecting paths pass through from not less than three noncollinear directions. The intersecting paths form two probing regions. The regions are formed by sections between their points of intersection, having a common scattering volume. Echo signals on sections forming the regions are accumulated. Atmospheric characteristics are determined from the echo signals received from intersection points of the paths and the accumulated echo signals. Both probing regions are reduced using design formulas and the procedure is repeated until achieving a given level of coincidence of two successively received results of determining atmospheric characteristics. Atmospheric transparency is found from two coinciding, successively obtained results.
 Night cloud cover sensor / 2436133
Device has an objective lens, a television camera, a frame accumulation and background subtraction unit and a star catalogue storage unit. The sensor also has a television star array generator, a catalogue star array generator, a star identification unit, an atmospheric transparency computing unit and a cloud cover zone generator. Night atmospheric transparency is calculated by identifying the shinning of television and catalogue stars.
 Device for determining characteristics of sea wind waves / 2432589
Device is in form of recording apparatus mounted on a buoy. The recording apparatus is in form of a solid-metal cigar-shaped housing with a mast, fitted with a data transmitting device. There is an extensible anchor device (21) in the lower part of the housing. The housing is also fitted with a stabilising device in form of wings (22). The wings of the stabilising device are linked to the upper part of the housing by hinges (23) and by rubber cushions to the lower part. There are elements for fastening a parachute system (25) in the upper part of the housing. The recording apparatus has a wind parameter measuring device, an atmospheric pressure measuring device with a baroport, air and water temperature sensors, a beacon light, a radar angle reflector, a control module with an optional GPS unit, an information storage unit, a central module with a controller, a wave height and buoy orientation measuring device, a velocity and flow direction sensor, sensors for determining salinity, electroconductivity, turbidity, oxygen content, pH, an oxidation/reduction process controller and a power supply. The power supply has a generator linked to the stabilising device.
 Method of determining atmosphere transparency / 2395106
Probing light pulses are generated in equidirectional collinear directions from operating locations of two transceivers, e.g. lidars which are spaced out in the direction of the packets and displaced from this direction by a distance which does not exceed dimensions of the transceiver. Echo signals are received at transmission points from the scattering volume of the atmosphere and power of these signals is measured. Transparency of the atmosphere, as applied to the section bordered by transmission points, is determined from the power of the said signals using formulas. Also power of the radiation scattered by the atmosphere in the direction opposite the direction of transmission of probing pulses is measured. Transmission of these pulses from the transceivers is done successively with delay time which exceeds reception duration of the echo signals. In the measurement process, the distance between location points of the transceivers is pre-measured. The measurement procedure is repeated up to a given level of coincidence of results of determining transparency from power of echo signals, as well as from the overall power of echo signals and pre-measurement of the power of radiation scattered by the atmosphere.
 Device for determining characteristics of sea wind-driven waves / 2328757
Device consists of a cylindrical case, a mast with an information transmission device, a device for measuring wind parameters, a device for measuring atmospheric pressure parameters with a baroport, air and water temperature sensors, a beacon light, radar angled reflector, a control module with an optional GPS unit, information storage unit, central module with a controller, a device for measuring the height of the waves and orientation of buoy, a sensor for speed and direction of flow, sensors for determining salinity, electro-conductivity, turbidity, oxygen content, ion content, pH, a controller for oxidation/reduction processes and a power supply source. The floating caisson consists of a separating chamber, dehumifier, a flexible connection pipe, lockable channel and an air inlet. Inside the air inlet pipe, there is a spherical valve. The case of the buoy is made from reinforced plastic. The lower part of the case is made in the form of a metallic base, equipped with a stabilising device. The upper part of the case is made from foam plastic in the form of a cone widening in the upper part at an angle of 30 degrees. At the centre of the cone, a pipe is hermetically sealed, passing through the foam plastic case. On the upper part of the pipe on the cross-beam, there is an air temperature sensor, and on the lower part there is a water temperature sensor. A second air temperature sensor is on the mast inside a protective shield.
Device for determining characteristics of sea wind-driven waves / 2328757
Device consists of a cylindrical case, a mast with an information transmission device, a device for measuring wind parameters, a device for measuring atmospheric pressure parameters with a baroport, air and water temperature sensors, a beacon light, radar angled reflector, a control module with an optional GPS unit, information storage unit, central module with a controller, a device for measuring the height of the waves and orientation of buoy, a sensor for speed and direction of flow, sensors for determining salinity, electro-conductivity, turbidity, oxygen content, ion content, pH, a controller for oxidation/reduction processes and a power supply source. The floating caisson consists of a separating chamber, dehumifier, a flexible connection pipe, lockable channel and an air inlet. Inside the air inlet pipe, there is a spherical valve. The case of the buoy is made from reinforced plastic. The lower part of the case is made in the form of a metallic base, equipped with a stabilising device. The upper part of the case is made from foam plastic in the form of a cone widening in the upper part at an angle of 30 degrees. At the centre of the cone, a pipe is hermetically sealed, passing through the foam plastic case. On the upper part of the pipe on the cross-beam, there is an air temperature sensor, and on the lower part there is a water temperature sensor. A second air temperature sensor is on the mast inside a protective shield.
Method of determining atmosphere transparency / 2395106
Probing light pulses are generated in equidirectional collinear directions from operating locations of two transceivers, e.g. lidars which are spaced out in the direction of the packets and displaced from this direction by a distance which does not exceed dimensions of the transceiver. Echo signals are received at transmission points from the scattering volume of the atmosphere and power of these signals is measured. Transparency of the atmosphere, as applied to the section bordered by transmission points, is determined from the power of the said signals using formulas. Also power of the radiation scattered by the atmosphere in the direction opposite the direction of transmission of probing pulses is measured. Transmission of these pulses from the transceivers is done successively with delay time which exceeds reception duration of the echo signals. In the measurement process, the distance between location points of the transceivers is pre-measured. The measurement procedure is repeated up to a given level of coincidence of results of determining transparency from power of echo signals, as well as from the overall power of echo signals and pre-measurement of the power of radiation scattered by the atmosphere.
Device for determining characteristics of sea wind waves / 2432589
Device is in form of recording apparatus mounted on a buoy. The recording apparatus is in form of a solid-metal cigar-shaped housing with a mast, fitted with a data transmitting device. There is an extensible anchor device (21) in the lower part of the housing. The housing is also fitted with a stabilising device in form of wings (22). The wings of the stabilising device are linked to the upper part of the housing by hinges (23) and by rubber cushions to the lower part. There are elements for fastening a parachute system (25) in the upper part of the housing. The recording apparatus has a wind parameter measuring device, an atmospheric pressure measuring device with a baroport, air and water temperature sensors, a beacon light, a radar angle reflector, a control module with an optional GPS unit, an information storage unit, a central module with a controller, a wave height and buoy orientation measuring device, a velocity and flow direction sensor, sensors for determining salinity, electroconductivity, turbidity, oxygen content, pH, an oxidation/reduction process controller and a power supply. The power supply has a generator linked to the stabilising device.
Night cloud cover sensor / 2436133
Device has an objective lens, a television camera, a frame accumulation and background subtraction unit and a star catalogue storage unit. The sensor also has a television star array generator, a catalogue star array generator, a star identification unit, an atmospheric transparency computing unit and a cloud cover zone generator. Night atmospheric transparency is calculated by identifying the shinning of television and catalogue stars.
Method of determining atmospheric characteristics / 2439626
Light pulses are transmitted into the atmosphere from points spaced apart in space. Echo signals are received at transmission points on intersecting probing paths. The intersecting paths pass through from not less than three noncollinear directions. The intersecting paths form two probing regions. The regions are formed by sections between their points of intersection, having a common scattering volume. Echo signals on sections forming the regions are accumulated. Atmospheric characteristics are determined from the echo signals received from intersection points of the paths and the accumulated echo signals. Both probing regions are reduced using design formulas and the procedure is repeated until achieving a given level of coincidence of two successively received results of determining atmospheric characteristics. Atmospheric transparency is found from two coinciding, successively obtained results.
Method for remote measurement of wind velocity / 2469361
At two points in the atmosphere at given height and at a certain distance from each other, two artificial point-sources of sound are formed, which synchronously emit an acoustic pulse each. These two acoustic pulses are then received at a point lying on the surface of the earth symmetrically about these sound sources. The propagation time of sound from the first and second sources to the reception point is measured and the wind velocity component is calculated from the relationship: Vv-L(t2-t1)/2t1t2sinα, where vv is the wind velocity vector of a collinear line linking the sound sources, L is the distance between the sound sources and the reception point, t1 is the propagation time of the sound pulse from the first sound source to the reception point, t2 is the propagation time of the sound pulse from the second sound source to the reception point, α is the angle between the vertical which passes through the reception point and the direction of the sound source.
Method of determining increase in thickness of snow cover on avalanche-prone slopes / 2476912
Wind velocity at the crest (V1) and wind velocity on the slope (V2) are first measured on the leeward side of the avalanche-prone slope during a period which is not prone to avalanches, for example, summer. The distance between measuring points (L) is determined and the wind velocity attenuation coefficient for the given slope (K) is calculated using the formula
Method for remote optical probing of weakly scattering atmosphere / 2495452
Light pulses are sent into the atmosphere from points spread in space on crossing probing paths passing in noncollinear directions. Echo signals are received at sending points; light pulses are sent on additional paths, each crossing all previous paths. The total number of paths is not less than five. Characteristics of the atmosphere are determined from the power of said signals using calculation formulae.
Method of determining cloud amount / 2525625
Invention relates to the field of meteorology and relates to a method of determining the total cloud amount. To determine the total cloud amount the colour half-tone image of the entire dome of the sky is obtained in the visible spectrum area and for all the points of the image the comparison of values of the colour components is carried out. If the value of the blue component is greater than the value of the red and green components, the point is assigned the value of "blue sky". If the value of the blue component is less than the value of red or green component, the point is assigned the value of "non-blue sky". The total cloud amount is defined as the relative number of points of the image, which are assigned the value of "non-blue sky".
 System of environmental monitoring of atmospheric air of mining industrial agglomeration / 2536789
System comprises the first (1) and second (5) groups of quick-acting sensors of environmental control of atmosphere condition, a GPS system, a weather station, a mobile exchange, a central dispatcher station (4). Besides, the sensors of the first (1) group for measurement of background concentrations of chemical pollution and levels of physical contamination of atmospheric air are installed at stationary posts. The sensors of the second (5) group for measurement of concentrations of chemical pollution and levels of physical contamination of atmospheric air are installed on pilotless aircrafts (PLA), which fly around the mining agglomeration according to the set program (6). If sensors of the first (1) group detect exceeded norms of pollution, PLA are sent to areas of high pollution with sensors of the second (5) group for more detailed research of the pollution and prediction of the trajectory of its spread, depending on weather parameters.
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FIELD: measurement equipment. SUBSTANCE: system comprises the first (1) and second (5) groups of quick-acting sensors of environmental control of atmosphere condition, a GPS system, a weather station, a mobile exchange, a central dispatcher station (4). Besides, the sensors of the first (1) group for measurement of background concentrations of chemical pollution and levels of physical contamination of atmospheric air are installed at stationary posts. The sensors of the second (5) group for measurement of concentrations of chemical pollution and levels of physical contamination of atmospheric air are installed on pilotless aircrafts (PLA), which fly around the mining agglomeration according to the set program (6). If sensors of the first (1) group detect exceeded norms of pollution, PLA are sent to areas of high pollution with sensors of the second (5) group for more detailed research of the pollution and prediction of the trajectory of its spread, depending on weather parameters. EFFECT: increased efficiency of prediction of emergency occurrence and development. 1 dwg
The invention relates to the ecological systems of collecting and processing information and can be used to predict the distribution of air pollution on the territory of the mining promagroservice. There is a method of environmental monitoring chemically dangerous objects (patent RU №2385473, publ. 27.03.2010), which determine the concentration of hazardous substances in the working area of the object, a sanitary-protective zone, the area of protective measures and hazardous area environment. Compare the results with the limit values of concentrations. When exceeding the obtained results of maximum permissible concentrations predict the zone of contamination and damaging actions, taking into account weather conditions and the amount of emissions of hazardous substances. When threatened predicted the development of an accident or emergency situation adaptive connect mobile laboratory analysis, laser, lidar, permanent control stations for making decisions about the emergency. And permanent control stations set "triangle" and promptly determine the coordinates of a possible release of dangerous substances by cross-correlation parameters (registration infected cloud and shock wave of the explosion) from the time of arrival of signals at the control posts. Reliability prob is the author of release of dangerous substances confirm registration emergency measurement signals in all three positions. On the leeward side relative to the center of the "triangle" formed by the permanent control stations, additionally install the license area, the post, which is moved on the basis of data from the meteorological sensors, internal (external) conditional loop "triangle". The disadvantage of this invention is the necessity of using stationary and the inability to accurately determine the main source of pollution. Known automated system emergency environmental monitoring environmental region (patent RU №2324957, publ. 20.09.2008) containing stationary and mobile control posts, a Central control point. Each stationary and mobile post includes a block of data pre-processing, the block cipher, the block error-correcting coding, transceiver, power management, direct and channel feedback. Each mobile post further comprises a block location. Each transceiver contains a master oscillator, a phase manipulator, the first and second mixers, amplifier, first and second intermediate frequency, the first and second power amplifier, duplexer, the first and second local oscillators, block error-correcting coding, bandpass filter, a multiplier, a second amplifier between the exact frequency, first, second and third phase detectors, the first and second blocks subtraction, the phasers. The disadvantage of this invention is the necessity of using a large number of mobile and stationary, which increases the system and reduces its mobility. A well-known system of environmental monitoring and forecasting of air pollution industrial region (patent RU №2466434, publ. 10.11.2012), which contains sensors to measure concentrations of pollutants directly from the sources of pollution and weather station connected to the center of the simulation, which is connected to the Central processing and data comparison. Fast gas sensors environmental control state of the atmosphere and GPS via mobile telephone system connected to the Central processing and comparing data, the first group of sensors environmental control state of the environment connected to the Central processing and data comparison, the second group of sensors ecological monitoring of environment by radio connected to public telephone network. The output of the Central control room is connected with a timing element, which is connected to the block modeling of meteorological parameters and input temporarily-parametric sensors concentrations of pollutants from sources of pollution, which is uedineny with the center of the simulation. Block modeling of meteorological parameters connected with the center of the simulation, which is connected with the Central control station and from the Central forecast of pollution, the output of which is connected to the input of the Central control room. The disadvantage of this invention is the necessity of using a large number of mobile and stationary, which increases the system and reduces its mobility. A well-known system of environmental monitoring of atmospheric air industrial region (patent RU №2380729, publ. 27.01.2010), adopted for the prototype, which contains the first and second groups of sensors of ecological monitoring of the environment, radios sensors of the second group with equipment city telephone network, the Central control unit. Additionally, in the system of high-speed gas sensors for environmental monitoring of air, GPS system, mobile phone system, installed on transport units as well as a meteorological station, a group of sensors measuring concentrations of pollutants directly from the sources of pollution, the Central processing and data comparison. The disadvantage of this invention is the necessity of using a large number of mobile and stationary posts that affects the maneuverability of the system. Technical rez is litecom is to increase the efficiency of obtaining objective information about environmental conditions in the mining promagroservice and providing forecasting of air pollution industrial region. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the sensors of the first group are installed on stationary posts to measure background concentrations of chemical contamination and levels of physical pollution of atmospheric air, and as sensors of the second group of tools are used to measure concentrations of chemical contamination and physical pollution of atmospheric air, mounted on unmanned aircraft engaged on flights territory mining agglomeration by adaptive program, providing effective prediction of the emergence and development of emergency in case of exceeding the standard values of pollution sensors of the first group. In the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVS) to monitor atmospheric air can to minimize the amount of ground surveys. When conducting land surveys there are two options: - sampling at certain points of their transportation and analysis in laboratory conditions; - sampling and analysis directly on site selection. The first option, i.e. the use of stationary analytical laboratories, is non-operative. The frequency of inspection is regulated by the transportation laboratory of the area of examination So the time from sampling to obtain the result of prolonged and operational integration of data in a dynamically changing picture of the state of the environment is questionable. The laboratory network observations makes it impossible to permanently and reliably provide information about air quality in the area that does not allow for operational management of development pressures and to prevent emergency situations. In this case, instrumental methods, i.e. the sampling and analysis of air on the place have incomparable advantages, but often designated control are difficult to reach, which displays the use of UAVS to monitor atmospheric air at the leading position. In Fig.1 shows a system of ecological monitoring of atmospheric air mining agglomeration. According to the drawing presents a structural scheme of the system of ecological monitoring of atmospheric air mining promagroservice, which contains the sensors (the first group) 1 measurements of concentrations of pollutants, dust, radioactivity, etc. directly on the ground level, the sensors are installed on stationary posts background monitoring, connected via radio 2 and the equipment of city (regional) telephone network 3 to the processing center and comparing the data to a Central control point 4, and the sensors of the second group 5 are installed on Board the UAV, making a flight over the territory of a given program 6 connected to a Central observation post 4 through channel 2. The system of ecological monitoring of atmospheric air mining promagroservice works as follows. The values obtained from the sensors background concentrations of chemical contamination and physical pollution of atmospheric air of the first group in the Central control panel are compared with the values of the MPC and the remote control that allows you to get an idea about the General level of pollution mining promagroservice in real time. With the help of special software and hardware complex built maps of the fields of concentration of pollutants. In place of exceeding contamination level of normative values are sent BLAH installed special devices for measuring background concentrations of chemical contamination and physical pollution of atmospheric air for a more detailed study of causality contaminated areas and the trajectory of the distribution of contaminants depending on meteorological parameters. Installation in a control room of the appropriate hardware and software complex allows to create simple map is Antonova and temporal distribution of atmospheric pollution in accordance with the obtained from groups of sensors, installed directly on BLAH. Central control unit collects information about the ecological state of the mining promagroservice, registers it and is using technical means in both automatic and in dialog mode, and transmits information about the ecological state of the mining promagroservice in the parent and related environmental monitoring system. The design of the sensors of the first and second groups of the proposed system of environmental monitoring of atmospheric air mining promagroservice based on the use of elements and technical difficulties for the implementation is not. Monitoring using a UAV is defined as multivariable when used as a remote, and contact methods. Anthropogenic impact on the environment, manifested, in particular, as changing local topography, creating areas with a specific microclimate, generation of secondary dispersion halos, as geochemical elements, modification of the composition of the soil and, as a consequence, the species composition of the vegetation, all this is taken into account when conducting this analysis method. Change of control sensors allows to increase the sensitivity of the method for solving the narrow circle of the environmental the ski and geological problems. Thus, the combination of integral and multivariate estimates in the method of monitoring using UAV has a strong physical background. Based on conducted analysis and overall needs of the mining promagroservice was defined list of contaminants and the required equipment installed on BLAH. The system of ecological monitoring of atmospheric air mining promagroservice using small unmanned aerial vehicle helicopter-type (mbla-W) or small-sized unmanned aerial vehicles aircraft type (bla-C) performs the following functions: - conducting remote air monitoring, video and aerial photography of the terrain and objects at altitudes from 50 to 1000 m; - conducting thermal monitoring; - measurements of radioactive contamination of the atmosphere. detection of methane leaks; - quantitative determination of the concentration of oxygen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, as well as the measurement of temperature and pressure/vacuum in the area of sampling; - quantitative determination of dust in the atmosphere at a given point. The system of ecological monitoring of atmospheric air mining Promag is Merali keeps its functionality in terms of the impact of the following external factors: when the light on the object monitor 4 LK, wind speed 10 m/s, ambient temperature from minus 20°C to + 35°C, precipitation as rain and snow with intensity up to 2 mm/h, atmospheric pressure from 600 mm RT.article. By installing high-speed sensors environmental control state of the atmosphere, GPS systems, weather stations and mobile phone systems, and the use of UAVS with installed special devices for measuring air pollution are expanding the functionality of the monitoring system for changing the state of the atmosphere in the region at any point in the mining promagroservice in a large range of heights from the pollution source. Additional information becomes available in the Internet allows you to monitor the status of the atmosphere from any point of the region, as well as controlled units Hydrometeorological service, Committee for nature protection, Center for sanitary and epidemiological surveillance with the directing and coordinating role of the city administration. Thus, the proposed system of environmental monitoring of atmospheric air mining promagroservice minimizes the number of ground stations and laboratory research, to collect information of different types of sensors, the use of UAVS to carry out comparative analizowanych data and solve problems to determine the contribution of individual companies in the atmospheric air pollution in real time on different horizontal levels. The system of ecological monitoring of atmospheric air mining promagroservice containing the first and second groups of high speed sensors environmental control state of the atmosphere, a GPS system, weather station, mobile station, Central control unit, characterized in that the sensors of the first group are installed on stationary posts to measure background concentrations of chemical contamination and levels of physical pollution of atmospheric air, and as sensors of the second group of tools are used to measure concentrations of chemical contamination and physical pollution of atmospheric air, mounted on unmanned aircraft engaged on flights territory mining agglomeration by adaptive program, ensure effective forecasting the occurrence and development of emergency in case of exceeding the standard values of pollution sensors of the first group.
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