Method of determining atmospheric characteristics

IPC classes for russian patent Method of determining atmospheric characteristics (RU 2439626):

G01W1/04 - giving only separate indications of the variables measured

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Method of determining atmospheric characteristics / 2439626

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FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: light pulses are transmitted into the atmosphere from points spaced apart in space. Echo signals are received at transmission points on intersecting probing paths. The intersecting paths pass through from not less than three noncollinear directions. The intersecting paths form two probing regions. The regions are formed by sections between their points of intersection, having a common scattering volume. Echo signals on sections forming the regions are accumulated. Atmospheric characteristics are determined from the echo signals received from intersection points of the paths and the accumulated echo signals. Both probing regions are reduced using design formulas and the procedure is repeated until achieving a given level of coincidence of two successively received results of determining atmospheric characteristics. Atmospheric transparency is found from two coinciding, successively obtained results.

EFFECT: high accuracy of determining atmospheric transparency.

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The invention relates to the field of meteorology, and more specifically to methods for determining the characteristics of the atmosphere, and can be used, for example, for measuring the transparency of the atmosphere lidar systems in determining the slant range visibility on the airfield.

There is a method of determining the transparency of the atmosphere [1], which are making the atmosphere light pulse low duration and registration scattered in the opposite direction of the light converted into electrical signals. These signals accumulate within a specified period of time depending on the total length of the investigated area. Thus amplify the received signals is proportional to the square of the current time counted from the moment of sending of the pulse in the atmosphere.

This known method has low accuracy, because it is based on the assumption of constancy of the relationship of the coefficient of the inverse scattering to the attenuation coefficient on the studied highway sensing. This assumption fails in the real atmosphere.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method of determining the transparency of the atmosphere [2], which are making the atmosphere light pulses of points, spaced, Pereskiopsis the tracks sounding, passing at least three noncollinear directions; with the formation of the field sensing line segments between the points of their intersection, carry out the reception of the echo signals at the point of shipment, and the transparency of the atmosphere is determined by the capacity of these signals using the calculated formulas, reduce the area of sensing and repeat the procedure to set the level of coincidence of two successively obtained results determine the transparency of the atmosphere.

In this known solution improves the accuracy of determination of characteristics of the atmosphere due to the use of not less than three points make the atmosphere light pulses. However, in the differential solution [2] is not taken into account the possibility of the existence of a significant horizontal inhomogeneity of the atmosphere within the study area sensing in the measurement process.

The technical result of the invention is to improve the accuracy of determining the characteristics of the atmosphere at the expense of proper consideration of atmospheric inhomogeneity.

In the proposed method uses some of the essential features of the prototype, namely: in it are making the atmosphere light pulses of points, spaced, crossing paths sensing, held not less than three noncollinear directions; education about the region of the sensing line segments between the points of their intersection, carry out reception of the echo signals at the point of shipment, and the transparency of the atmosphere is determined by the capacity of these signals using the calculated formulas.

Salient features of the proposed method is that are making the atmosphere light pulses on additional tracks with the formation of additional areas of sensing, with a common scattering volume with the first region, accumulate echoes on the segments forming region, define the characteristics of the atmosphere from the echo signals taken from the intersection of routes and accumulated reduce both the area of sensing and repeat the procedure to set the level of coincidence of two successively obtained results characterization of the atmosphere, which are its transparency.

Optical characteristics of the atmosphere, in particular,

found from the system of equations, written for the polygons formed by the intersection of the tracks sounding by noncollinear directions

where

moreover, defined and continuous in a power-law relation of the coefficient of the inverse scattering attenuation coefficient

the signal strength of the backscatter-adjusted geometric factor lidar

P_i,j- power signal backscattering,

geometrical factor lidar

A - constant lidar

β - coefficient backscattering,

σ is the attenuation coefficient,

- the radius vector of the point of sending light pulses and receiving signals, backscattering (i-th location of the transceiver corresponds to the radius-vectori=1, 2, ...),

is the radius-vector of the sensed scattering element,

- the current radius-vector of a line passing through the point i, j,

with_i- segmentby which calculates the integrals (2),

dr - unit length of the line segment.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing. The drawing shows a diagram of the pulser pulses and receiving echo signals, for example, three transceivers (lidar).

The method is implemented as follows.

Transceivers, such as lidars 1, 2 and 3, equipped with the division of space in pixels,and.

Are sending light pulses in the example is in relation to the field of sensing, bounded by points(i=1, 2, 3) and in the direction of the field of sensing, which is limited by the point(i=1, 4, 5). These areas have a common sensing the scattering volume.

Send a pulse from pointin the direction of the pointon the highway, passing through the point,.

Send a pulse from pointin the direction of the pointon the highway, passing through the point.

Send a pulse from pointin the direction of the pointon the highway, passing through the point,.

At the point of shipment shall receive echo signals from the segments educated areas of the sensing of the atmosphere.

Receive signals at the pointfrom cuts, limited points:,and,. Take the signals at the point from cuts, limited points:,and,. Receive signals at the pointfrom cuts, limited points:,and,. Received echo signals adjusted by the geometric factor lidar accumulate. The result is proportional to:

b₁on the segment between points,;

b₂on the segment between points,;

b₃on the segment between points,;

b₄on the segment between points,;

b₅on the segment between points,;

b₆on the segment between points,.

The value of z₁and , consequently, the attenuation coefficient, and the value of m is found on the basis of the General approach (2) of the two systems of equations:

Repeat the procedure for the determination of the amount is z ₁m. Perform advanced sending light pulses in the direction of additional areas of sensing, which is limited by the point(i=1, 6, 7).

Send a pulse from pointin the direction of the pointon the highway, passing through the point. Pointlocated on the site bounded by the points:,pointlocated on the segment bounded by the points:,. Receive signals at the pointfrom the segment bounded by the points:,. Receive signals at the pointfrom the segment bounded by the points:,. Receive signals at the pointfrom the segment bounded by the points:,. Received echo signals accumulate. The result is proportional to:

b₇on the segment between points,;

b₈on the segment between points,;

b₉the segment and, limited spots,.

The value of z₁and the value of m is found from the two systems of equations: (5)

Repeat the procedure to set the level of coincidence of the two successively received results of determining the value of z₁. For this value, using the formulas (1) and (3)find the attenuation coefficient, which is determined by the transparency of the atmosphere. This takes into account that the parameter D is reduced and falls from the relation that defines the attenuation coefficient, as shown in [3] (formula (8)).

These significant differences allow to increase the accuracy due to the possible heterogeneity of the atmosphere within the investigated volume, including the variability of size m.

The physical principles on which is based the dimensions of the proposed method consist in the fact that the measured power of the echo signals associated with optical characteristics of the atmosphere known lidar equation. Based on the equations developed new, previously unused computational algorithms for definition of optical characteristics. In these algorithms correctly taken into account influencing factors.

An example implementation of the method.

In paragraphs,and located on one straight line, place the lidar 1, 2 and 3-type FUEL. Radiation probe pulses is carried out at a working wavelength 0,69 µm in the window of transparency of water vapor. The pulse energy of 0.07-0.1 joules. The pulse duration of 30 NS. The distance between the lidar 1, 2 and 2, 3 does not exceed 0.5 km atmospheric Sounding is carried out in a vertical plane passing through the line placement lidar. Are sending light pulses lidar 1 on the highway, passing through the point,, lidar 2 - through point,; lidar 3 - through point,with the formation of a triangular field sensing. Are sending light pulses lidar 1 on the highway, passing through the point,, lidar 2 - through point,, lidar 3 - through point,with the formation of additional triangular area sensing. These two triangular area sensing have a common scattering volume. Carry out reception of the echo signals at points of the parcels, their accumulation on the segments that have limited points ,;,; ...,. In formulas to find the coefficients of the inverse scattering and extinction in the pointand the degree of connection between them.

Are sending light pulses lidar 2 on the highway, passing through the point,; then the region with vertices,,reduced region with vertices,,; region with vertices,,- reduced region with vertices,,.

Measuring end up completely after the results obtained in the formulas cease to differ from each other within the values specified error, in this case ±30%.

Rationale materiality of signs. As follows from the description, each of these features is necessary, and all their indissoluble totality sufficient to achieve a technical result improved measurement accuracy due to more correct accounting is eUSA factors.

Rationale inventive step. The inventive method was analyzed for compliance with the criterion of "inventive step". For this were investigated similar characteristics known in this and related areas of technology. Thus, according to the source [4] was detected characteristic of the reception of the echo signals from the total scattering volume of the atmosphere. However, in this known solution [4] the total scattering volume of the atmosphere belongs tracks sensing, held not less than three noncollinear directions. It is through this realization of the parcels in the atmosphere of light pulses from points separated in space, is achieved technical result of [4]. In the inventive way the common scattering volume of the atmosphere belongs to two sensing areas formed by segments of slopes between the points of their intersection. Total for runs of the scattering volume of the atmosphere, for example,in the drawing, may not be common to areas of displacement, for example, for areas of limited points(i=1, 2, 3) and limited points(i=1, 4, 5).

Thus, according to the applicant, and the authors, the proposed solution method for determining the transparency of the atmosphere in its indissoluble combination of features is a new, clear way what m does not follow from the prior art and allows to obtain important technical result - improving the accuracy of definitions at the expense of a more correct account of influencing factors.

Sources of information

1. A.S. No. 390401. The method of determining the transparency of the atmosphere / Kovalev V.A. - Bulletin of inventions No. 30, 1973.

2. A.S. No. 1597815 A1. MCI 5 G01W 1/00. The method of determining the attenuation of the atmosphere // Egorov A.D., V. Emelianova. - Publ. 07.10.90, Bulletin of inventions No. 37 (prototype).

3. Egorov A.D. Potapov I.A. Lidar studies of atmospheric transmittance // proceedings of the SIC DZA (branch MGO), 2004, Vol.5 (Tr. MGO them. Aiguablava, VIP), p.131-142.

4. A.S. No. 966639. The method of determining the optical characteristics of scattering media / Sergeev NM, Cogeco M. Ashkinadze D.A. Bulletin of inventions No. 38, 1982.

How to determine the transparency of the atmosphere, which are making the atmosphere light pulses of points, spaced, crossing paths sensing, held not less than three noncollinear directions, with the formation of the field sensing line segments between the points of their intersection, carry out the reception of the echo signals at the point of shipment, and the transparency of the atmosphere is determined by the capacity of these signals using the calculated formulas, characterized in that are making the atmosphere light pulses on additional tracks with the formation of additional areas probed the I, having a common scattering volume with the first region, accumulate echoes on the segments forming region, define the characteristics of the atmosphere from the echo signals taken from the intersection of routes and accumulated reduce both the area of sensing and repeat the procedure to set the level of coincidence of two successively obtained results characterization of the atmosphere, which are its transparency.