Method for remote measurement of wind velocity |
|
IPC classes for russian patent Method for remote measurement of wind velocity (RU 2469361):
 
 Method of determining atmospheric characteristics / 2439626
Light pulses are transmitted into the atmosphere from points spaced apart in space. Echo signals are received at transmission points on intersecting probing paths. The intersecting paths pass through from not less than three noncollinear directions. The intersecting paths form two probing regions. The regions are formed by sections between their points of intersection, having a common scattering volume. Echo signals on sections forming the regions are accumulated. Atmospheric characteristics are determined from the echo signals received from intersection points of the paths and the accumulated echo signals. Both probing regions are reduced using design formulas and the procedure is repeated until achieving a given level of coincidence of two successively received results of determining atmospheric characteristics. Atmospheric transparency is found from two coinciding, successively obtained results.
 Night cloud cover sensor / 2436133
Device has an objective lens, a television camera, a frame accumulation and background subtraction unit and a star catalogue storage unit. The sensor also has a television star array generator, a catalogue star array generator, a star identification unit, an atmospheric transparency computing unit and a cloud cover zone generator. Night atmospheric transparency is calculated by identifying the shinning of television and catalogue stars.
 Device for determining characteristics of sea wind waves / 2432589
Device is in form of recording apparatus mounted on a buoy. The recording apparatus is in form of a solid-metal cigar-shaped housing with a mast, fitted with a data transmitting device. There is an extensible anchor device (21) in the lower part of the housing. The housing is also fitted with a stabilising device in form of wings (22). The wings of the stabilising device are linked to the upper part of the housing by hinges (23) and by rubber cushions to the lower part. There are elements for fastening a parachute system (25) in the upper part of the housing. The recording apparatus has a wind parameter measuring device, an atmospheric pressure measuring device with a baroport, air and water temperature sensors, a beacon light, a radar angle reflector, a control module with an optional GPS unit, an information storage unit, a central module with a controller, a wave height and buoy orientation measuring device, a velocity and flow direction sensor, sensors for determining salinity, electroconductivity, turbidity, oxygen content, pH, an oxidation/reduction process controller and a power supply. The power supply has a generator linked to the stabilising device.
 Method of determining atmosphere transparency / 2395106
Probing light pulses are generated in equidirectional collinear directions from operating locations of two transceivers, e.g. lidars which are spaced out in the direction of the packets and displaced from this direction by a distance which does not exceed dimensions of the transceiver. Echo signals are received at transmission points from the scattering volume of the atmosphere and power of these signals is measured. Transparency of the atmosphere, as applied to the section bordered by transmission points, is determined from the power of the said signals using formulas. Also power of the radiation scattered by the atmosphere in the direction opposite the direction of transmission of probing pulses is measured. Transmission of these pulses from the transceivers is done successively with delay time which exceeds reception duration of the echo signals. In the measurement process, the distance between location points of the transceivers is pre-measured. The measurement procedure is repeated up to a given level of coincidence of results of determining transparency from power of echo signals, as well as from the overall power of echo signals and pre-measurement of the power of radiation scattered by the atmosphere.
 Device for determining characteristics of sea wind-driven waves / 2328757
Device consists of a cylindrical case, a mast with an information transmission device, a device for measuring wind parameters, a device for measuring atmospheric pressure parameters with a baroport, air and water temperature sensors, a beacon light, radar angled reflector, a control module with an optional GPS unit, information storage unit, central module with a controller, a device for measuring the height of the waves and orientation of buoy, a sensor for speed and direction of flow, sensors for determining salinity, electro-conductivity, turbidity, oxygen content, ion content, pH, a controller for oxidation/reduction processes and a power supply source. The floating caisson consists of a separating chamber, dehumifier, a flexible connection pipe, lockable channel and an air inlet. Inside the air inlet pipe, there is a spherical valve. The case of the buoy is made from reinforced plastic. The lower part of the case is made in the form of a metallic base, equipped with a stabilising device. The upper part of the case is made from foam plastic in the form of a cone widening in the upper part at an angle of 30 degrees. At the centre of the cone, a pipe is hermetically sealed, passing through the foam plastic case. On the upper part of the pipe on the cross-beam, there is an air temperature sensor, and on the lower part there is a water temperature sensor. A second air temperature sensor is on the mast inside a protective shield.
 Device laser sensing of the atmosphere / 2120648
Device for determining characteristics of sea wind-driven waves / 2328757
Device consists of a cylindrical case, a mast with an information transmission device, a device for measuring wind parameters, a device for measuring atmospheric pressure parameters with a baroport, air and water temperature sensors, a beacon light, radar angled reflector, a control module with an optional GPS unit, information storage unit, central module with a controller, a device for measuring the height of the waves and orientation of buoy, a sensor for speed and direction of flow, sensors for determining salinity, electro-conductivity, turbidity, oxygen content, ion content, pH, a controller for oxidation/reduction processes and a power supply source. The floating caisson consists of a separating chamber, dehumifier, a flexible connection pipe, lockable channel and an air inlet. Inside the air inlet pipe, there is a spherical valve. The case of the buoy is made from reinforced plastic. The lower part of the case is made in the form of a metallic base, equipped with a stabilising device. The upper part of the case is made from foam plastic in the form of a cone widening in the upper part at an angle of 30 degrees. At the centre of the cone, a pipe is hermetically sealed, passing through the foam plastic case. On the upper part of the pipe on the cross-beam, there is an air temperature sensor, and on the lower part there is a water temperature sensor. A second air temperature sensor is on the mast inside a protective shield.
Method of determining atmosphere transparency / 2395106
Probing light pulses are generated in equidirectional collinear directions from operating locations of two transceivers, e.g. lidars which are spaced out in the direction of the packets and displaced from this direction by a distance which does not exceed dimensions of the transceiver. Echo signals are received at transmission points from the scattering volume of the atmosphere and power of these signals is measured. Transparency of the atmosphere, as applied to the section bordered by transmission points, is determined from the power of the said signals using formulas. Also power of the radiation scattered by the atmosphere in the direction opposite the direction of transmission of probing pulses is measured. Transmission of these pulses from the transceivers is done successively with delay time which exceeds reception duration of the echo signals. In the measurement process, the distance between location points of the transceivers is pre-measured. The measurement procedure is repeated up to a given level of coincidence of results of determining transparency from power of echo signals, as well as from the overall power of echo signals and pre-measurement of the power of radiation scattered by the atmosphere.
Device for determining characteristics of sea wind waves / 2432589
Device is in form of recording apparatus mounted on a buoy. The recording apparatus is in form of a solid-metal cigar-shaped housing with a mast, fitted with a data transmitting device. There is an extensible anchor device (21) in the lower part of the housing. The housing is also fitted with a stabilising device in form of wings (22). The wings of the stabilising device are linked to the upper part of the housing by hinges (23) and by rubber cushions to the lower part. There are elements for fastening a parachute system (25) in the upper part of the housing. The recording apparatus has a wind parameter measuring device, an atmospheric pressure measuring device with a baroport, air and water temperature sensors, a beacon light, a radar angle reflector, a control module with an optional GPS unit, an information storage unit, a central module with a controller, a wave height and buoy orientation measuring device, a velocity and flow direction sensor, sensors for determining salinity, electroconductivity, turbidity, oxygen content, pH, an oxidation/reduction process controller and a power supply. The power supply has a generator linked to the stabilising device.
Night cloud cover sensor / 2436133
Device has an objective lens, a television camera, a frame accumulation and background subtraction unit and a star catalogue storage unit. The sensor also has a television star array generator, a catalogue star array generator, a star identification unit, an atmospheric transparency computing unit and a cloud cover zone generator. Night atmospheric transparency is calculated by identifying the shinning of television and catalogue stars.
Method of determining atmospheric characteristics / 2439626
Light pulses are transmitted into the atmosphere from points spaced apart in space. Echo signals are received at transmission points on intersecting probing paths. The intersecting paths pass through from not less than three noncollinear directions. The intersecting paths form two probing regions. The regions are formed by sections between their points of intersection, having a common scattering volume. Echo signals on sections forming the regions are accumulated. Atmospheric characteristics are determined from the echo signals received from intersection points of the paths and the accumulated echo signals. Both probing regions are reduced using design formulas and the procedure is repeated until achieving a given level of coincidence of two successively received results of determining atmospheric characteristics. Atmospheric transparency is found from two coinciding, successively obtained results.
 Method for remote measurement of wind velocity / 2469361
At two points in the atmosphere at given height and at a certain distance from each other, two artificial point-sources of sound are formed, which synchronously emit an acoustic pulse each. These two acoustic pulses are then received at a point lying on the surface of the earth symmetrically about these sound sources. The propagation time of sound from the first and second sources to the reception point is measured and the wind velocity component is calculated from the relationship: Vv-L(t2-t1)/2t1t2sinα, where vv is the wind velocity vector of a collinear line linking the sound sources, L is the distance between the sound sources and the reception point, t1 is the propagation time of the sound pulse from the first sound source to the reception point, t2 is the propagation time of the sound pulse from the second sound source to the reception point, α is the angle between the vertical which passes through the reception point and the direction of the sound source.
 Method of determining increase in thickness of snow cover on avalanche-prone slopes / 2476912
Wind velocity at the crest (V1) and wind velocity on the slope (V2) are first measured on the leeward side of the avalanche-prone slope during a period which is not prone to avalanches, for example, summer. The distance between measuring points (L) is determined and the wind velocity attenuation coefficient for the given slope (K) is calculated using the formula
 Method for remote optical probing of weakly scattering atmosphere / 2495452
Light pulses are sent into the atmosphere from points spread in space on crossing probing paths passing in noncollinear directions. Echo signals are received at sending points; light pulses are sent on additional paths, each crossing all previous paths. The total number of paths is not less than five. Characteristics of the atmosphere are determined from the power of said signals using calculation formulae.
 Method of determining cloud amount / 2525625
Invention relates to the field of meteorology and relates to a method of determining the total cloud amount. To determine the total cloud amount the colour half-tone image of the entire dome of the sky is obtained in the visible spectrum area and for all the points of the image the comparison of values of the colour components is carried out. If the value of the blue component is greater than the value of the red and green components, the point is assigned the value of "blue sky". If the value of the blue component is less than the value of red or green component, the point is assigned the value of "non-blue sky". The total cloud amount is defined as the relative number of points of the image, which are assigned the value of "non-blue sky".
 System of environmental monitoring of atmospheric air of mining industrial agglomeration / 2536789
System comprises the first (1) and second (5) groups of quick-acting sensors of environmental control of atmosphere condition, a GPS system, a weather station, a mobile exchange, a central dispatcher station (4). Besides, the sensors of the first (1) group for measurement of background concentrations of chemical pollution and levels of physical contamination of atmospheric air are installed at stationary posts. The sensors of the second (5) group for measurement of concentrations of chemical pollution and levels of physical contamination of atmospheric air are installed on pilotless aircrafts (PLA), which fly around the mining agglomeration according to the set program (6). If sensors of the first (1) group detect exceeded norms of pollution, PLA are sent to areas of high pollution with sensors of the second (5) group for more detailed research of the pollution and prediction of the trajectory of its spread, depending on weather parameters.
|
FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: at two points in the atmosphere at given height and at a certain distance from each other, two artificial point-sources of sound are formed, which synchronously emit an acoustic pulse each. These two acoustic pulses are then received at a point lying on the surface of the earth symmetrically about these sound sources. The propagation time of sound from the first and second sources to the reception point is measured and the wind velocity component is calculated from the relationship: Vv-L(t2-t1)/2t1t2sinα, where vv is the wind velocity vector of a collinear line linking the sound sources, L is the distance between the sound sources and the reception point, t1 is the propagation time of the sound pulse from the first sound source to the reception point, t2 is the propagation time of the sound pulse from the second sound source to the reception point, α is the angle between the vertical which passes through the reception point and the direction of the sound source. EFFECT: larger height for remote measurement of wind velocity, high time resolution of the method and smaller weight and size characteristics of devices realising the method. 1 dwg
The invention relates to the field of meteorological instrumentation. The proposed method can be used for remote non-contact sensing of wind speed in the lower layers of the atmosphere. There is a method of remote measurement of wind speed, based on the method of acoustic location, which consists in sending into the atmosphere of the sound pulses of a certain frequency, the receiving scattered on atmospheric inhomogeneities sent sonic pulses, measuring the Doppler frequency shift of the received sound pulses and determining values for the component of wind velocity by Doppler shift frequency [1]. A device - acoustic locator that implements this method of remote measurement of wind speed [2]. The main disadvantages of this method due to the low signal-to-noise ratio of the acoustic receiver due to the low value of the cross section of scattering of the probing pulses atmospheric inhomogeneities and random fluctuations of this quantity due to the random nature of the structure of scattering objects (sources of turbulence). For this reason, the practical realization of this method of acoustic location requires the use of powerful bulky sources of acoustic pulses horn type and such large receiving antennas,the measurement is conducted by a method of accumulation of the useful signal during repeated sending of pulses, that reduces the temporal resolution of the method and reduces the secrecy of measurements (useful when using the method in the troops to ensure any meteo support combat mission). The practical range sensing wind speed by means of acoustic sensing is limited to distances up to 1000 meters in the presence of favorable external conditions (absence of sources of intense sound of noise in the area of acoustic locator). The task to be solved by the invention is the remote determination of the components of the wind speed at a given altitude by measuring the propagation time of the sound pulses from the two artificially created in the atmosphere of the sound sources to the surface of the earth acoustic receiver. The technical result is to increase the maximum height distance measuring wind speed, increasing the time resolution of the method and the reduction in weight and size characteristics of the implementing method of the device. This technical result is achieved by the fact that, as in the known method of acoustic location, to determine the components of the wind speed admit coming from the atmosphere of the sound pulses, but in contrast to the known method in the atmosphere and two points on the acceptable height is formed at some distance from each other two artificial point source of sound, which synchronously emit one acoustic pulse, then take these two acoustic pulse at a point on the earth's surface symmetrically with respect to these sound sources, measure the propagation time of the sound from the first and second sources to the receiving point and calculate the component of wind velocity, ratio:
where Vinthe magnitude of the wind velocity vector, Kolenergo direct linking sources of sound, L is the distance between the sound source and the receiving point, t1the propagation time of the sound pulse from the 1-th sound source to receiving point, t2the propagation time of the sound pulse from the 2nd sound source to receiving point, α is the angle between the vertical passing through the point of reception, and the direction of the sound source. The figure is a diagram explaining the proposed method of remote measurement of wind velocity. In the drawing: a - position of 1-th sound source; the point where the 2nd source of the sound; From the point of reception of the sound (the point where the acoustic receiver); L1=L2=L - the distance from the sound source to receiving point sound; α - the angle between the vertical and the direction of the sound source, Vinthe magnitude of the wind velocity vector, Kolenergo straight line connecting the light source is s audio a and b; The proposed method for the remote measurement of wind speed is as follows. The speed of propagation of sound from source to receiving point consists of two components - own speed of sound in air and the speed of the air (wind speed) in the direction to the point of receipt. From this figure it follows that for 1-th sound source, this rate represents the sum of the own speed of sound in air and the projection of the wind speed in the direction of L1and for the 2nd - the difference between the own speed of sound in air and the projection of the wind speed in the direction of L2. As a point of reception located on the axis of symmetry of the locations of sound sources (L1=L2=L), the propagation time of the sound from the 1st source to the receiving point will be the value of t1=L/(VSV+Vinsinα), and the propagation time of the sound from the 2nd source to receiving point - value of t2=L/(VSV-Vinsinα). Measuring values of t1and t2for the known L and α (these values are set by the measurement conditions), the equation 1) to calculate the desired value of the components of the wind velocity Vinat the height of the ahogany sound sources (assuming, that Vindoes not depend on the height and a is a constant). In the proposed method, the source signal is active acoustic sources capable of emitting substantially higher power than the source of the prototype, in which the useful signal have a sound pulse that is scattered by the inhomogeneities of the atmosphere. Accordingly, the proposed method allows to determine the wind characteristics at significantly higher altitudes than is achieved in the method prototype. For this reason, the method does not require a powerful bulky sources of acoustic pulses horn type and such large receiving antennas. In addition, to determine the time of propagation of sound from source to receiving point it is enough to perform a single measurement without long-term accumulation of the useful signal, as is done in the method prototype, which reduces the measurement time to a few seconds and accordingly increases the temporal resolution of the measurements (almost the temporal resolution of the method is determined by the propagation time of the sound pulse from source to receiving point and makes for a height of 1 km approximately 3-4 seconds). Repeated for a long time monophonic sound pulses emitted by the transmitting antenna is locates in the method prototype have substantially more unmasking effect than generating powerful, but a single sound pulse in the atmosphere (especially in warfare)that the proposed method provides the advantage from the point of view of the secrecy of ongoing measurements. Literature 1. Atmosphere. Handbook edited Sedunov US, Leningrad. Gidrometeoizdat. 1991. str. 2. Kuznetsov RD Acoustic locator LATAN-3 for studies of the atmospheric boundary layer. The journal "Optics of atmosphere and ocean", 2007, VIP, No. 8, str-752. Method of remote measurement of wind speed, in which the reception coming from the atmosphere of the sound pulses, characterized in that the atmosphere in two points that are at the same predetermined height is formed at some distance from each other two artificial point source of sound, each of which is synchronous with the other emits an acoustic pulse, then take these two acoustic pulse at a point on the earth's surface symmetrically with respect to these sound sources, measure the propagation time of the sound from the first and second sources to the receiving point and calculate the component of wind velocity, ratio:
|
