Night cloud cover sensor |
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IPC classes for russian patent Night cloud cover sensor (RU 2436133):
 
 Device for determining characteristics of sea wind waves / 2432589
Device is in form of recording apparatus mounted on a buoy. The recording apparatus is in form of a solid-metal cigar-shaped housing with a mast, fitted with a data transmitting device. There is an extensible anchor device (21) in the lower part of the housing. The housing is also fitted with a stabilising device in form of wings (22). The wings of the stabilising device are linked to the upper part of the housing by hinges (23) and by rubber cushions to the lower part. There are elements for fastening a parachute system (25) in the upper part of the housing. The recording apparatus has a wind parameter measuring device, an atmospheric pressure measuring device with a baroport, air and water temperature sensors, a beacon light, a radar angle reflector, a control module with an optional GPS unit, an information storage unit, a central module with a controller, a wave height and buoy orientation measuring device, a velocity and flow direction sensor, sensors for determining salinity, electroconductivity, turbidity, oxygen content, pH, an oxidation/reduction process controller and a power supply. The power supply has a generator linked to the stabilising device.
 Method of determining atmosphere transparency / 2395106
Probing light pulses are generated in equidirectional collinear directions from operating locations of two transceivers, e.g. lidars which are spaced out in the direction of the packets and displaced from this direction by a distance which does not exceed dimensions of the transceiver. Echo signals are received at transmission points from the scattering volume of the atmosphere and power of these signals is measured. Transparency of the atmosphere, as applied to the section bordered by transmission points, is determined from the power of the said signals using formulas. Also power of the radiation scattered by the atmosphere in the direction opposite the direction of transmission of probing pulses is measured. Transmission of these pulses from the transceivers is done successively with delay time which exceeds reception duration of the echo signals. In the measurement process, the distance between location points of the transceivers is pre-measured. The measurement procedure is repeated up to a given level of coincidence of results of determining transparency from power of echo signals, as well as from the overall power of echo signals and pre-measurement of the power of radiation scattered by the atmosphere.
 Device for determining characteristics of sea wind-driven waves / 2328757
Device consists of a cylindrical case, a mast with an information transmission device, a device for measuring wind parameters, a device for measuring atmospheric pressure parameters with a baroport, air and water temperature sensors, a beacon light, radar angled reflector, a control module with an optional GPS unit, information storage unit, central module with a controller, a device for measuring the height of the waves and orientation of buoy, a sensor for speed and direction of flow, sensors for determining salinity, electro-conductivity, turbidity, oxygen content, ion content, pH, a controller for oxidation/reduction processes and a power supply source. The floating caisson consists of a separating chamber, dehumifier, a flexible connection pipe, lockable channel and an air inlet. Inside the air inlet pipe, there is a spherical valve. The case of the buoy is made from reinforced plastic. The lower part of the case is made in the form of a metallic base, equipped with a stabilising device. The upper part of the case is made from foam plastic in the form of a cone widening in the upper part at an angle of 30 degrees. At the centre of the cone, a pipe is hermetically sealed, passing through the foam plastic case. On the upper part of the pipe on the cross-beam, there is an air temperature sensor, and on the lower part there is a water temperature sensor. A second air temperature sensor is on the mast inside a protective shield.
 Device laser sensing of the atmosphere / 2120648
Device for determining characteristics of sea wind-driven waves / 2328757
Device consists of a cylindrical case, a mast with an information transmission device, a device for measuring wind parameters, a device for measuring atmospheric pressure parameters with a baroport, air and water temperature sensors, a beacon light, radar angled reflector, a control module with an optional GPS unit, information storage unit, central module with a controller, a device for measuring the height of the waves and orientation of buoy, a sensor for speed and direction of flow, sensors for determining salinity, electro-conductivity, turbidity, oxygen content, ion content, pH, a controller for oxidation/reduction processes and a power supply source. The floating caisson consists of a separating chamber, dehumifier, a flexible connection pipe, lockable channel and an air inlet. Inside the air inlet pipe, there is a spherical valve. The case of the buoy is made from reinforced plastic. The lower part of the case is made in the form of a metallic base, equipped with a stabilising device. The upper part of the case is made from foam plastic in the form of a cone widening in the upper part at an angle of 30 degrees. At the centre of the cone, a pipe is hermetically sealed, passing through the foam plastic case. On the upper part of the pipe on the cross-beam, there is an air temperature sensor, and on the lower part there is a water temperature sensor. A second air temperature sensor is on the mast inside a protective shield.
Method of determining atmosphere transparency / 2395106
Probing light pulses are generated in equidirectional collinear directions from operating locations of two transceivers, e.g. lidars which are spaced out in the direction of the packets and displaced from this direction by a distance which does not exceed dimensions of the transceiver. Echo signals are received at transmission points from the scattering volume of the atmosphere and power of these signals is measured. Transparency of the atmosphere, as applied to the section bordered by transmission points, is determined from the power of the said signals using formulas. Also power of the radiation scattered by the atmosphere in the direction opposite the direction of transmission of probing pulses is measured. Transmission of these pulses from the transceivers is done successively with delay time which exceeds reception duration of the echo signals. In the measurement process, the distance between location points of the transceivers is pre-measured. The measurement procedure is repeated up to a given level of coincidence of results of determining transparency from power of echo signals, as well as from the overall power of echo signals and pre-measurement of the power of radiation scattered by the atmosphere.
Device for determining characteristics of sea wind waves / 2432589
Device is in form of recording apparatus mounted on a buoy. The recording apparatus is in form of a solid-metal cigar-shaped housing with a mast, fitted with a data transmitting device. There is an extensible anchor device (21) in the lower part of the housing. The housing is also fitted with a stabilising device in form of wings (22). The wings of the stabilising device are linked to the upper part of the housing by hinges (23) and by rubber cushions to the lower part. There are elements for fastening a parachute system (25) in the upper part of the housing. The recording apparatus has a wind parameter measuring device, an atmospheric pressure measuring device with a baroport, air and water temperature sensors, a beacon light, a radar angle reflector, a control module with an optional GPS unit, an information storage unit, a central module with a controller, a wave height and buoy orientation measuring device, a velocity and flow direction sensor, sensors for determining salinity, electroconductivity, turbidity, oxygen content, pH, an oxidation/reduction process controller and a power supply. The power supply has a generator linked to the stabilising device.
 Night cloud cover sensor / 2436133
Device has an objective lens, a television camera, a frame accumulation and background subtraction unit and a star catalogue storage unit. The sensor also has a television star array generator, a catalogue star array generator, a star identification unit, an atmospheric transparency computing unit and a cloud cover zone generator. Night atmospheric transparency is calculated by identifying the shinning of television and catalogue stars.
 Method of determining atmospheric characteristics / 2439626
Light pulses are transmitted into the atmosphere from points spaced apart in space. Echo signals are received at transmission points on intersecting probing paths. The intersecting paths pass through from not less than three noncollinear directions. The intersecting paths form two probing regions. The regions are formed by sections between their points of intersection, having a common scattering volume. Echo signals on sections forming the regions are accumulated. Atmospheric characteristics are determined from the echo signals received from intersection points of the paths and the accumulated echo signals. Both probing regions are reduced using design formulas and the procedure is repeated until achieving a given level of coincidence of two successively received results of determining atmospheric characteristics. Atmospheric transparency is found from two coinciding, successively obtained results.
 Method for remote measurement of wind velocity / 2469361
At two points in the atmosphere at given height and at a certain distance from each other, two artificial point-sources of sound are formed, which synchronously emit an acoustic pulse each. These two acoustic pulses are then received at a point lying on the surface of the earth symmetrically about these sound sources. The propagation time of sound from the first and second sources to the reception point is measured and the wind velocity component is calculated from the relationship: Vv-L(t2-t1)/2t1t2sinα, where vv is the wind velocity vector of a collinear line linking the sound sources, L is the distance between the sound sources and the reception point, t1 is the propagation time of the sound pulse from the first sound source to the reception point, t2 is the propagation time of the sound pulse from the second sound source to the reception point, α is the angle between the vertical which passes through the reception point and the direction of the sound source.
 Method of determining increase in thickness of snow cover on avalanche-prone slopes / 2476912
Wind velocity at the crest (V1) and wind velocity on the slope (V2) are first measured on the leeward side of the avalanche-prone slope during a period which is not prone to avalanches, for example, summer. The distance between measuring points (L) is determined and the wind velocity attenuation coefficient for the given slope (K) is calculated using the formula
 Method for remote optical probing of weakly scattering atmosphere / 2495452
Light pulses are sent into the atmosphere from points spread in space on crossing probing paths passing in noncollinear directions. Echo signals are received at sending points; light pulses are sent on additional paths, each crossing all previous paths. The total number of paths is not less than five. Characteristics of the atmosphere are determined from the power of said signals using calculation formulae.
 Method of determining cloud amount / 2525625
Invention relates to the field of meteorology and relates to a method of determining the total cloud amount. To determine the total cloud amount the colour half-tone image of the entire dome of the sky is obtained in the visible spectrum area and for all the points of the image the comparison of values of the colour components is carried out. If the value of the blue component is greater than the value of the red and green components, the point is assigned the value of "blue sky". If the value of the blue component is less than the value of red or green component, the point is assigned the value of "non-blue sky". The total cloud amount is defined as the relative number of points of the image, which are assigned the value of "non-blue sky".
 System of environmental monitoring of atmospheric air of mining industrial agglomeration / 2536789
System comprises the first (1) and second (5) groups of quick-acting sensors of environmental control of atmosphere condition, a GPS system, a weather station, a mobile exchange, a central dispatcher station (4). Besides, the sensors of the first (1) group for measurement of background concentrations of chemical pollution and levels of physical contamination of atmospheric air are installed at stationary posts. The sensors of the second (5) group for measurement of concentrations of chemical pollution and levels of physical contamination of atmospheric air are installed on pilotless aircrafts (PLA), which fly around the mining agglomeration according to the set program (6). If sensors of the first (1) group detect exceeded norms of pollution, PLA are sent to areas of high pollution with sensors of the second (5) group for more detailed research of the pollution and prediction of the trajectory of its spread, depending on weather parameters.
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FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: device has an objective lens, a television camera, a frame accumulation and background subtraction unit and a star catalogue storage unit. The sensor also has a television star array generator, a catalogue star array generator, a star identification unit, an atmospheric transparency computing unit and a cloud cover zone generator. Night atmospheric transparency is calculated by identifying the shinning of television and catalogue stars. EFFECT: ensuring operation of the sensor in automatic mode, high objectiveness and accuracy of evaluating night cloud cover. 3 dwg
The invention relates to meteorological instruments, which evaluates the night the transparency of the atmosphere, and accordingly the state of the clouds in the night and the twilight in the entire sky hemisphere and ensuring the operation of the terrestrial optical means and astronomical units, monitoring natural and artificial celestial bodies in the auto mode. Known sensors clouds, containing meteorological laser, a lens, a radiation receiver, mechanism pointing to the actuators and position sensors axes [see Zuev V.E. Laser-meteorologist. Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 1974, pp.96-112; Vaisala LD-40 Ceilometer. The leaflet. The VAISALA (Finland), www.vaisala.com]. The presence of meteorological sensor laser complicates the design and increases the power consumption. The sensor works well in the low-altitude component of the cloud cover, which is important for aviation, under the control of high clouds, its efficiency decreases. The closest analogue to the claimed technical solution is the device [see Komarov V.V., Fomenko A.F., Shergin B.C. TV system "ALL SKY" for monitoring the night clouds. Applied physics, 2007, No. 5, str-133]engaged in monitoring the status of the night clouds in real-time across the sky hemisphere. The device has consistently placed on the reticle to the second axis of the lens with a field of view of 180° and a high sensitivity television camera (TV camera), placed in housing. The video signal from the TV camera to the input of the accumulation block of frames is subtracted from it the dark background and excluded geometric distortion. The received television image containing information about extended objects (such as clouds, illuminated by the Moon), and point features (TV star), comes in the shape of video, where it is stacked image grid, the configuration of the constellations and the position of the major stars from the block memory star catalogue. Information about the clouds, television stars with the grid, index constellations and major catalogue of stars displayed on the display screen. Assessment of night clouds produced by an operator visually with your knowledge, experience, and other personal factors. Mandatory participation of the operator in assessing the night clouds introduces an element of subjectivity and reduces the accuracy of the estimates. In addition, emerging in astronomy transition to "smart" telescopes and telescopes-robots minimizes or completely eliminates the human participation in astronomical observations. This reduces the possibility of application of the known device in automatic tools. The task of the claimed invention is to provide a device capable of generating data zones clouds n knogo sky without participation of the operator. The technical result is to enable a sensor in the automatic mode, to increase the objectivity and accuracy of the estimates night clouds. This is achieved in that the sensor night clouds, contains consistently placed on the sighting axis of the lens and a TV camera and outside the sighting axis, the unit remember the star catalogue. The output of the camera is connected to the input unit accumulation frames and subtracting the background. The sensor is equipped with a shaper television array of stars, shaper catalogue array of stars block the identification of the stars, the evaluator transparency of the atmosphere and driver zones clouds. The output collection unit frames and subtracting the background connected with the input of the shaper television array of stars. The output of the block memory of the star catalog associated with the input of the shaper catalogue array of stars. The outputs of the shaper television and catalogue arrays stars are connected with inputs of block identification of the stars. Block identification of stars connected to the transmitter transparency of the atmosphere, the output of which is connected to the shaper zones clouds. 1 schematically depicts a sensor night clouds, figure 2 - timing diagram of the signals at the output of the TV camera and accumulation block frames and subtracting the background in figure 3 - fragments of subjects: (a) at the output of the shaper of television the first array of stars, b) at the output of the shaper catalogue array of stars) at the output of block identification of the stars, g) at the output of the evaluator night coefficient of transparency of the atmosphere, d) at the output of the shaper zones clouds. Sensor night clouds contains located on the sighting axis of the lens 1, for example, type "fish eye" (figure 1) and a TV camera 2, for example, type Peregrine 486 BI implemented on the CCD matrix format 4096×4096 when the pixel size is 15×15 μm. Lens, TV camera is mounted in the housing 3. To the output of the TV camera 2 is connected to the collection unit frames and subtracting the background 4, the output unit 4 is connected shaper television array of 5 stars. In addition, outside the sighting axis, the sensor unit has 6 remember star catalogue. Unit 6 with its output connected to the driver 7 catalogue of the array of stars. The outputs of the generators 5 and 7 are connected with the inputs of the block 8 identification of stars, which in turn is connected to the transmitter transparency 9, the output of which is connected to the shaper zones clouds 10. The formers 5, 7, 10, blocks 6, 8, the transmitter 9 may be performed, for example, on the basis of programmable logic integrated circuits (Plisov). In figure 2 the following notation: U2signals at the output of the TV camera 2, U4signals at the output of the accumulation block frames and subtracting the background 4, where t is the current time. N is 3, the following notation: 11 - the television image and catalogue of stars at the output of the shaper 5, 7; 12 images identified stars at the output of block 8; 13 images autodisciplina stars at the output of block 8; 14 - point (direction) on the celestial sphere, in which the transparency of the atmosphere is not weakened by clouds; 15 - point on the celestial sphere, in which the transparency of the atmosphere is partially attenuated by clouds; 16 - point on the celestial sphere, because of the heavy overcast atmosphere is opaque; 17 - zone without clouds; 18 - zone with low clouds; 19 area with strong the cloudy. The sensor operates as follows. Lens 1 forms an optical image of the sky at the input of the TV camera 2. Output from the TV camera 2 receives television signals U2containing signals from space objects (stars, planets, and other), the signals from the distributed background (moon, twilight and others) and noise (thermal noise, read noise, and others). In unit 4, these signals are collected and processed, of which subtracts the dark background. The processed signals U4arrive at the input of the shaper 5, where the signals are excluded from extended objects and formed the television array of detected stars, for example, in list form or in the form of plots, as shown in figure 3. The array contains time-related information about measured to heaven is Ginath stars and their measured radiance (in the spatial view information about TV stars are presented in the plot 3A). At the same time in the driver catalog array of stars 7 based on the data from block 6, for the same time formed a catalogue array of stars, for example, also in the form of a list. The array contains information about the catalogue of celestial coordinates of the stars and their catalogue Shine (piece 3b). In the catalog array selects only those stars, whose brightness is not less than the sensitivity of the sensor at the time of receiving the television array. Plots 3A and 3b are served in the block 8, which is the identification of stars. The identification is performed, for example, by comparing the measured and catalogue of celestial coordinates of the stars. If the difference in measured and catalogue of celestial coordinates does not exceed the specified threshold, the TV star is identified with this star catalogue (piece 3b). Information about the identified pairs of stars and autodisciplina catalogue stars enters the transmitter 9, where, for example, by comparing the measured and catalogue of glosses is calculated coefficient of night the transparency of the atmosphere in the direction identified the catalogue of stars. In the direction autodisciplina catalogue of the stars of the night coefficient of transparency of the atmosphere is assumed to be zero. In the plot 3y night coefficient of transparency of the atmosphere kndivided into three grades: kn=0,7 (about the lacquer is missing), kn=0,07 (low clouds), kn=0 (heavy clouds). In practice, the number and value gradations selected depending on the particular problem being solved. With transmitter 9 signals in the driver zone night clouds 10. The former through the boundary points, for example, with the same coefficient of transparency or through the newly calculated point (in the 3D plot not shown) are contour lines. The newly calculated points may represent, for example, the midpoints of segments connecting the measured points with different coefficients of transparency, i.e contour is midway between these points. Information about the night of transparency of the atmosphere and clouds, obtained without involvement of the operator, can be used for automatic control of optical means or astronomical telescope. Thus, the presence sensor night clouds new units and new relationships between blocks in comparison with the known allows you to operate the sensor in the automatic mode, increases the objectivity and accuracy of the estimates night clouds. Sensor night clouds containing consistently placed on the sighting axis of the lens and a TV camera, the output of which is connected to the input unit accumulation frames and subtracting the background and out of sight axis, the memory block at home is underwater catalog characterized in that the sensor is equipped with a shaper television array of stars, shaper catalogue array of stars block the identification of the stars, the evaluator transparency of the atmosphere and driver zones clouds, and the output collection unit frames and subtracting the background connected with the input of the shaper television array of stars, and the output unit memorizing star catalogue with the input of the shaper catalogue array of stars, and outputs shapers television and catalogue arrays stars are connected with the inputs of block identification of the stars, which, in turn, is connected to the transmitter of atmospheric transparency, the output of which is connected to the shaper zones clouds.
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