The method of harvesting potatoes

IPC classes for russian patent The method of harvesting potatoes (RU 2062015):

A01D91/02 - Products growing in the soil

A01D17 - Digging machines with sieving and conveying mechanisms

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(57) Abstract:

Usage: agriculture in the ways of harvesting root crops. The inventive after cutting the tops 1 of compacted slopes 2 adjacent ridges 3 and 4 form in their executed rower 5, closing up in it clumps and the remains of the stems of plants. Then break in Central potatos part of the ridges, leaving a ridge formed between them. 1 C.p. f-crystals, 3 ill.

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of harvesting crops.

There is a method of mechanized harvesting of potatoes, including cutting and displacement of two adjacent rows, turning these beds, and then the neighbouring beds potatos layer up, separation, swaths of tubers and their subsequent simultaneous cleaning.with. N 906440 AND 01 D 91/02, BI 7, 1982).

The disadvantage of this method is the large number of movements of potato tubers, partial separation and the formation of the roll before entering the sweeper, which greatly increases the damage of tubers.

There is also known a method of harvesting potatoes, including obessolivanie, the preliminary formation of tubers crests by limiting oppressum this method is the increased damage of tubers in the preliminary formation of tubers crests and obessolivanie Podkopaeva volume leads to the destruction of the bearing capacity of the ridge and Scrivania soil on the shares.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is the method of harvesting potatoes, including compression beds with simultaneous pottapalayam and smashed potatos ridges with crop tops, soil mixing potatos layer, the gap tubers when applying for separating bodies during clamping topped with compression (and.with. N 1175392 AND 01 D 91/02, BI 32, 1985).

The disadvantage of this method is the destruction of the existing structure Podkopaeva ridge, which negatively affects the combine, especially on light soil and favorable for the cultivation of potatoes in the agricultural requirements of the soil.

In the preliminary loosening of the ridge compression and padmapani is scrivanie soil on the shares when submitting a formation separating the working bodies. It is related to the unstable mode, and performance cleaning unit. This circumstance is exacerbated by the fact that potatos part of the ridge is in the loosened state, and remains tops in the passage area of the working bodies of kartofler the soup friable soil of the ridge until the harvest, when the volume ridge 1.5 times greater than two podkapyvanii ridges, it is especially important.

Although when working on ridges combine podkatyvalsya 1.5 2 times more soil than crests content of the soil in the pile of tubers less, due to the loose condition of the ridge. The soil is more compacted in the area of the passage of the wheel axle units and the side walls of the ridge, compactible socialsim working bodies. Formed ridge with such parameters favorable for plant growth, protection from erosion ridges, their shedding, but not suitable for machine harvesting, as it slopes give the bulk soil lumps and lumps.

On the other hand podkapyvanii only potatos part of the ridge under such physico-mechanical parameters of the soil leads to dropping out of the soil already in the first third of the separating Elevator and injury tubers transported by the Elevator without soil substrate.

The purpose of the invention improve the performance of the cleaning unit and reducing the damage of tubers by improving the conditions of separation.

This goal is achieved by the fact that of the compacted part clubstone slopes of two adjacent ridges in the spacing between them form the Lee plant, and then break potatos layer two ridges, leaving a ridge formed between them.

The difference of the proposed method from the prototype is that by separating the Elevator is served potatos part two adjacent ridges without ridge between them, formed from compacted slopes of these ridges with sealed therein by soil clods and residue tops.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where Fig. 1 shows the initial cross-section of potato ridges, Fig. 2 the same after forming the ridge in the executed ridges, Fig. 3 superimposed cross-section of a sealing ridge on the technological scheme of work cleaning unit MT3-80 + PDA-3 ridges.

The method of harvesting potatoes implemented as follows. After cutting, shredding and spreading across the field of tops 1 of the compacted part clubstone slopes 2 of two adjacent ridges 3 and 4 executed between form and compacted soil ridge 5, closing up in it soil lumps, shredded and cut the stems of potato plants. To do this, use the cultivator SCC-4,2 A with four sections of the working bodies, which installed two spherical disk work the(110+30) cm comb shape with a width up to 50-70 cm, and single-line planting on ridges with a spacing of 1.4 m up to 70-90 see

At the same time potatos cut part of the ridges has a size of 70 to 90 cm and 50 -70 cm, respectively.

Choose the size of the generated comb is determined by the size of tuberous socket 7 when a single-line landing and two in double line.

Thus formed the crest then, in order to reduce its volume, condense feeler roller mounted on the cultivator sections SCC-4,2 or the harvester.

For harvesting potatoes prepared with ridge planting, you can use a converted potato harvester PDA-3, which break potatos layer of two adjacent ridges 3 and 4 and the tongue 5 is left untouched or condense it copies the roller 8.

Conversion combine PDA-C is the replacement pair Central circular knives and excavating plow blade feeler roller 8. Extreme circular knives 9 and excavating plow blade 10 in a constructive plan does not change.

Combine PDA-C works in the unit with the tractor MT3-80/82 that its front wheels are driven into the grooves formed between when preparing the fields to harvest the ridges 5 and potatos h the s ridge 6. The soil is pressed feeler roller, is held under the harvester, not rubbing against the bars separating the Elevator. Ploughshare 10 otkapivaet patch and circular knives 9 limit spillage tubers weight around, pick up the soil and push it on the ploughshare to the Elevator.

Podkovannye thus two undercut the ridge and submitted to the Elevator harvester contain soil mass as much as one ridge without preparation for cleaning. However, the percentage of tubers in the mass Podkopaeva soil increases two times.

Using combine PDA-3 harvesting potatoes prepared from two ridges compared with the combine PDA-2-04 to harvest potatoes from one range can improve the performance of the cleaning unit in 1,5 - 2,0 times.

Boulders and clumps of soil enclosed in sealed slopes of the ridge, cut off from her and concentrated in Podkopaev the crest. Troubleshooting contact transported by Elevator tubers with blocks and lumps of soil leads to the reduction of injury to tubers.

The lack of Podkopaeva soil residue from previous crops and entire stems provides perceivest soil separating the Elevator, and the fact itself is s haulm removal, podkapyvanii tubers of the reservoir and supply it to separating the bodies, characterized in that the compacted part clubstone slopes adjacent ridges in their executed form and compacted soil ridge and buried in it soil lumps, shredded and cut whole stems of plants, and then break potatos part without ridges formed in the executed ridge.

2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that formed in the executed comb condense feeler roller.