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High-frequency amplifier with collector current stabilising device Method is realised via summation of current of two control channels, one of which forms a component proportional to current of the reference transistor, and the other forms a component dependent on base-emitter voltage difference of the output and reference transistors. To this end, the device for stabilising collector current of the output transistor includes an additional second current mirror output and a differential amplifier with a low-pass filter. |
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Method is realised via summation of current of two control channels, one of which forms a component proportional to current of the reference transistor, and the other forms a component dependent on base-emitter voltage difference of the output and reference transistors. To this end, the device for stabilising collector current of the output heterostructure bipolar transistor further includes an emitter follower, a second reference transistor and two current distribution resistors. |
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Non-inverting current amplifier-based selective amplifier Non-inverting current amplifier-based selective amplifier has an input voltage source (1), a voltage-to-current converter (2), an output transistor (3), an auxiliary voltage source (4), a first (7) and second (8) balancing capacitor, a second (9) frequency-setting resistor. |
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Selective amplifier has a first (1) and a second (2) input transistor, the output (5) of the device, a first (8) balancing capacitor, a second (9) balancing capacitor, a first (12) and a second (13) additional frequency-setting resistor and a third (14) balancing capacitor. |
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Scheme and system for controlling power in multiple channels Method includes selecting, in accordance with a channel selection signal in the last clock synchronisation cycle, a signal of one channel from received signals of at least one channel in the last clock synchronisation cycle; amplifying, in accordance with the gain control signal in the last clock synchronisation cycle, the signal of one selected channel to obtain a first signal; performing analogue-to-digital conversion of the first signal to obtain a second signal; and generating, in accordance with the second signal, a gain control signal in the next clock synchronisation cycle to amplify, in accordance with the gain control signal in the next clock synchronisation cycle, the signal of one selected channel in the next clock synchronisation cycle during the next clock synchronisation cycle. This scheme can be used to measure power in multiple signal channels, and the scheme is simple to implement. |
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Device for controlling amplitude of high-voltage unipolar pulses Disclosed is a device for controlling amplitude of high-voltage unipolar pulses, having an input and an output, a bipolar transistor whose emitter is connected to the output of the control device and the collector is connected to the conductor which is common for the entire device, a first resistor whose first lead is connected to the emitter of the bipolar transistor and the second lead is connected to the input of the control device, a second resistor whose first lead is connected to the emitter of the bipolar transistor and the second lead is connected to the conductor which is common for the entire device, a potentiometer whose first outermost contact is connected to a power supply and the second outermost contact is connected to the conductor which is common for the entire device, and a capacitor whose first lead is connected to the sliding contact of the potentiometer and the second lead is connected to the conductor which is common for the entire device. The device additionally includes a semiconductor diode whose anode is connected to the base of the bipolar transistor and the cathode is connected to the sliding contact of the potentiometer. |
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High-voltage unipolar pulse amplitude limiter Invention relates to computer engineering and specifically to radar, and can be used in excitation systems of avalanche diode or Gunn diode microwave oscillators. The unipolar pulse amplitude limiter has: an input and an output, a bipolar transistor whose emitter is connected to the output of the limiter and the collector is connected to a conductor which is common for the whole device, a first resistor whose first lead is connected to the emitter of the bipolar transistor and the second lead is connected to the input of the limiter, a second resistor whose first lead is connected to the emitter of the bipolar transistor and the second lead is connected to the conductor which is common for the whole device, a third resistor whose first lead is connected to a power supply, a stabilitron whose cathode is connected to the second lead of the third resistor and the anode is connected to the conductor which is common for the whole device, and a capacitor whose first lead is connected to the second lead of the third resistor and the second lead is connected to the conductor which is common for the whole device; there is semiconductor diode whose anode is connected to the base of the bipolar transistor and the cathode is connected to the second lead of the third resistor. |
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Microwave transmitter with optimal setting of output capacity Device comprises the following serially joined components: a waveguide of input microwave signal supply, a decoupling device, a p-i-n attenuator, a microwave amplifier and a load, and also a source of supply and a modulator, a decoder of frequency code, which comprises a matching device, a control device, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and a controlled source of current. |
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Method and system for correction of dc and agc Method to process of a radio-frequency (RF) accepted signal comprises the following stages: application of programmable amplification to a received RF-signal; generation of a signal related to assessment of energy of a received RF-signal; control of programmable amplification on the basis of an energy assessment signal; transformation of a received RF-signal with lower frequency; detection of system time information in a signal transformed with frequency reduction; tuning of a DC component of a signal converted with frequency reduction, with a relatively accurate method; and tuning of a DC-component of a signal transformed with frequency reduction, with a relatively rough method. |
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Methods and devices to control amplification during initial capture in communication system Invention relates to communication systems. The methods and apparatus for controlling amplification during the initial capture in a communication system and method for use in a wireless communication system are disclosed. The technology disclosed comprises measurement of power of the signal received by the transceiver repeatedly over a given period of time, and the signal includes a certain number of symbols. Strengthening of the transceiver can be reduced only if the current measured power is greater than previously measured power within a specified period of time, as long as the maximum power level is not measured. Through the reduction of re-amplification, adapting the maximum capacity, equal to the power level of the pilot symbol of capture, overcorrection and distortion through the transceiver is excluded during the initial timing and frequency locking. |
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Device to protect bandpass power amplifier against overloads Device comprises a feedback circuit, which includes a directional coupler, a detector, a control unit, a bipolar transistor, a collector connected to a common conductor, a bandpass power amplifier, the second bipolar transistor, a source of an amplified signal, the first, second and third matched load. |
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Method and device to increase noise immunity of receiver Device comprises a switch, where a received signal is sent, a shunt resistance, an amplifier and a controller that controls the specified switch. |
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Radio communication signal amplification device and method Method is implemented by means of feedback circuit with chain (401) of amplifiers (412), which is connected to controller (413) of amplification factor, which receives the specified amplification value (Vatt) of constant value (Vfgm) in order to implement the amplification with constant amplification factor (FGM) or variable value (Valc) to implement amplification (ALC) with constant amplified power (Pout), by means of the first control (406) having the possibility of output of this specified variable value (Valc) on the basis of measurement of amplified power (Pout). According to the invention, such method differs by the fact that in amplification mode (FGM) with constant amplification factor the specified value transmitted with the first control (406) is kept in the value close to the specified constant value (Vfgm). |
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Time-dependent audio volume with using time-dependent assessment probability density Method involves assessment of time-dependent probability density of short-term signal strength and signal strength smoothing with using probability density. The signal may be presented with an audio signal. Said short-term strength and smoothed strength may represent a time series, and each of them has current and previous timing indicators. Before smoothing, it is possible to calculate probability of the smoothed strength with a previous timing indicator. Before smoothing, smoothing coefficients are derived from probability density. Calculation of the smoothing coefficients may involve calculation of the smoothing coefficients with using the smoothed strength with the previous timing indicator, the short-term strength with the current timing indicator and probability of the smoothed strength with the previous timing indicator. Calculation of the smoothing coefficients may involve calculation of factors the smoothing coefficients with using a width of assessment probability density. |
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Control device of amplitude of heavy pulse signals Control device of amplitude of heavy signals includes the first low-pass filter the input of which is the input of device for controlled signal, the second low-pass filter the output of which is the output of device, bipolar transistor the emitter of which is connected to input of the second low-pass filter, resistor and input of control signal. There introduced is semiconductor diode the first output of which is connected to base of bipolar transistor, and the second output is connected to input of control signal, and additional bipolar transistor the emitter of which is connected to output of the first low-pass filter, collector - to base of bipolar transistor, and base - to the first output of resistor; at that, collector of bipolar transistor is connected to output of the first low-pass filter and the second output of resistor is connected to common conductor. |
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Method of linearising amplitude characteristics of radio signal amplification path Method of linearising amplitude characteristics of the amplification path of a radio signal formed by amplification characteristics of two parallel amplifiers, characterised by that the nominal value of the transmission coefficient of the amplification path is formed as a transfer function of two amplifiers which are connected in parallel on inputs and outputs and separately controlled on two sections of the amplitude characteristic. At the initial low-signal section of the amplitude characteristic, the common modulo transmission coefficient is formed as a sum of transmission coefficients of the non-controlled main amplifier and an auxiliary controlled parallel amplifier, and on the remaining section up to the maximum input level by adjusting the transmission coefficient of the main amplifier for the transmission coefficient of the auxiliary parallel amplifier equal to zero during the off mode on the current of output transistors thereof, and compensation for phase deviations is performed on the an input signal which is common for both amplifiers. The method is based on that, the transfer function of the two parallel-connected directed links (amplifiers) is equal to the sum of transfer functions of the directed links. Directivity is absence of cross-talk between the links and absence of effect of the overall output signal on characteristics of the parallel-connected links. In the disclosed method, directivity is provided by limiting the active region of the operation mode of the auxiliary amplifier on gain and on operation mode, on the direct current of the final stage of the auxiliary amplifier. |
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Bipolar current mirror with controlled transfer ratio Electronic adjustment of transfer ratios in current sources controlled by current on the basis of a current mirror is carried out through usage of control transistors in basis circuits of the current mirror transistors, and control transistors have a structure opposite to a structure of the current mirror transistors (2) and perform function of controlled voltage sources. The transfer ratio is controlled by a differential voltage supplied to bases of control transistors (5). Connection of transistors that form current current mirrors with input and output transistors, makes it possible to expand a dynamic range of a control signal. |
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Controlled complementary differential amplifier Controlled amplifier is the base node of modern receiving and processing systems of HF and microwave signals, analogue computing and measuring equipment. Controlled complementary differential amplifier includes the first (1) and the second (2) input transistors the collectors of which are connected to the first (3) power source, the first (4) and the second (5) output tripoles the base inputs of which are connected to each other, collector output of the first (4) output tripole is connected to the first (6) input of load circuit (7), which is matched with the second (8) power source, collector output of the second (5) output tripole is connected to the second (9) input of load circuit; emitter of the first (1) input transistor is connected to emitter input of the first (4) output tripole; emitter of the second (2) input transistor is connected to emitter input of the second (5) output tripole; at that, control input (10) of controlled pedestal current source (11) is connected to control voltage source (12). To the diagram there introduced is the first (13) and the second (14) additional transistors and additional pedestal current source (15) connected between combined base inputs of the first (4) and the second (5) output tripoles and the second (8) power source; at that, controlled pedestal current source (11) is connected between the first (3) power source and combined emitters of the first (13) and the second (14) additional transistors; base of the first (13) additional transistor is connected to emitter of the first (1) input transistor; base of the second (14) additional transistor is connected to emitter of the second (2) input transistor; collector of the first (13) additional transistor is connected to collector output of the first (4) output tripole; collector of the second (14) additional transistor is connected to collector output of the second (5) output tripole. |
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Sound amplification control based on particular volume of acoustic event detection In one aspect of dynamic amplification variation control, sound signal is controlled in response, at least, partially, to acoustic event and/or degree of signal variation related with boundaries of acoustic event. In another aspect, sound signal is divided into acoustic events to compare difference between particular volumes between successive time units of sound signal. |
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Processing dynamic properties of audio using retuning Processor or method of processing dynamic properties of audio employs a mechanism or sequence of retuning operations for fast adaptation to changes in content in the audio signal. The retuning signal can be generated by analysing the audio signal itself, or retuning can be performed based on an external event, such as changing the channel on a television receiver or changing the input selection on an audio/video receiver. If there is an external activating signal, one or more features of the state of the dynamic property processor for the current audio source can be stored or associatively linked to such an audio source before switching to a new audio source. Further, if the system if switched back to the first audio source, the dynamic property processor can be retuned to a state stored earlier or approximation thereof. |
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System and method for artificial reverberation (versions) Invention discloses an electronic reverberation system which employs a process to obtain several delay samples which are added to the forward signal to obtain reverberant sound. The system generates or uses a list of pairs of amplification values which are obtained in accordance with control settings or are presented in form of fixed coefficients. The processor generates reverberation samples by superimposing these coefficients onto the delay samples and summing their amplitudes to obtain a reverberation signal sample. The reverberation signal samples are added to the forward signal. |
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Device for control of powerful unipolar pulses amplitude Device for control of powerful signals amplitude, comprising the first low pass filter, input of which is input of device for controlled signal, the second low pass filter, outlet of which is outlet of device, bipolar transistor, emitter of which is connected to inlet of the second low pass filter, resistor, one of outlets of which is connected to base of bipolar transistor, and inlet of control signal, additionally comprises semiconductor diode, one of outlets of which is connected to base of bipolar transistor, and the second one is connected to inlet of control signal, and collector of bipolar transistor and the second outlet of resistor are connected to outlet of the first low pass filter, besides to control amplitude of positive polarity pulses, n-p-n transistor is used, and anode of semiconductor diode is connected to its base, to control amplitude of negative polarity pulses, p-n-p transistor is used, and cathode of semiconductor diode is connected to its base. |
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Two-channel controlled alternating current amplifier Two-channel controlled alternating current amplifier (dwg.4) includes source of input (1) and control (2) signals, first (3) and second (4) control transistors (T), first (5) and second (6) output T the bases of which are combined; collector of T (5) is connected to first (7) load circuit and to output (8) of the first amplification channel; collector of T (6) is connected to second (9) load circuit and to output (10) of the second amplification channel; emitter of T (5) is connected to first (11) current-stabilising bipole (CB); emitter of T (6) is connected to second (12) CB. Source of input signal (1) is connected to combined bases of T (5) and T (6); control signal source (2) is connected between bases of T (3) and T (4); emitters of T (3) and T (4) are connected to emitter of T (5) and to emitter of T (6) respectively through first (13) and second (14) separating capacitors (C); at that, emitters of T (3) and T (4) are connected to the appropriate outputs (15) and (16) of additional circuit (17) of static mode T (3) and T (4). |
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Differential amplifier with controlled amplification factor Differential amplifier (DA) includes first (1) and second (2) input transistors (T) with combined emitters the bases of which are connected to first (3) DA input, third (4) and fourth (5) input T the emitters of which are connected to emitters of T (1) and T (2) and to output (5) of controlled current source (CCS) (6), and bases are connected to second (7) DA input, and load circuit (8) connected to collectors of T (1) and T (5). To the scheme there introduced is additional bipole I11 connected to input (12) of additional current amplifier (CA) (13) and collectors of T (2) and T (4); at that, output (14) of CA (13) is connected to input (15) of CCS (6), and the main output (16) of additional voltage-to-current converter (17) is connected to input (12) OF CA (13). |
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Controlled amplifier and analogue multiplier of signals on its basis Invention may be used in devices of automatic control of amplification, phase detectors and modulators, and also in systems of phase automatic tuning and multiplication of frequency or as amplifier, coefficient of transmission by voltage of which depends on the level of control signal. Analogue multiplier is the basic unit of modern systems for receiving and processing of signals of HF and SHF ranges, analogue computer and measurement equipment. Controlled amplifier comprises the first (1) input and the first (2) output transistors, bases of which are combined, the first current-stabilising dipole (3) connected to collector of the first (1) input transistor and connected to bases of the first (1) input and first (2) output transistors, load circuit (4) connected to collector of the first (2) output transistor, the first source of signal (5) connected to emitter of the first (1) input transistor, the first (6) source of amplification control signal. Circuit comprises the second (7) input transistor, emitter of which is connected to the first (6) source of amplification control signal, collector is connected to the first current-stabilising dipole (3), and base is connected to base of the first (1) input transistor. |
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Invention may be used as AC amplifier, coefficient of transmission by voltage of which (Ku) depends on the level of control signal (uy). Such devices are used in structure of analogue microchips of various functional purpose, systems of automatic amplification control, analogue signal multipliers, etc. Controlled AC amplifier (CACA) comprises the first (1) input transistor (T), base of which is connected to the main (2) input of CACA, the second (3) input T, base of which is connected to control inlet (4) of CACA, dipole (5) of local negative feedback (NFB) connected between emitters of the first (1) and second (3) T, load circuit (6) connected to collector of the first (1) and second (3) T and outlet (7) of CACA, the first (8) blocking capacitor (C) connected by alternating current between emitter of the first (1) T and common bus (9) of supply sources (SS), the first (10) current stabiliser connected to emitter of the first (1) T, the second (11) current stabiliser connected to emitter of the second (3) T, the second blocking C (12). The circuit comprises the first (13) and second (14) additional T, emitters of which are connected to each other via additional dipole (15) of NFB and are connected to according first (16) and second (17) current stabilizers, base of the first (13) additional T is connected to control input (4) of CACA, the base of the second (14) additional transistor is connected to common bus (9) of SS, besides between combined collectors of the first (13) and second (14) T and combined collectors of the first (1) and second (3) T there is additional inverting current repeater (18) connected, and emitter of the second (14) T is connected to the first input of the second (12) blocking C, the second output of which is connected by alternating current to common bus (9) of SS. |
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Invention may be used as broadband amplifier, coefficient of transmission by voltage of which depends on the level of control signal (uy). Such devices are used in structure of analogue microchips of various functional purpose, systems of automatic amplification control, analogue signal multipliers, etc. Controlled AC amplifier (CACA) comprises the first (1) input transistor (T), base of which is connected to the main (2) input of CACA, the second (3) input T, base of which is connected to control inlet (4) of CACA, dipole (5) of local negative feedback (NFB) connected between emitters of the first (1) and second (3) T, load circuit (6) connected to collector of the first (1) and second (3) T and outlet (7) of CACA, the first (8) blocking capacitor connected by alternating current between emitter of the first (1) T and common bus (9) of supply sources (SS), the first (10) current stabiliser connected to emitter of the first (1) T, the second (11) current stabiliser connected to emitter of the second (3) T, the second blocking capacitor (12). The circuit comprises the first (13) and second (14) additional T, emitters of which are connected to each other via additional dipole (15) of NFB and are connected to according first (16) and second (17) current stabilisers, base of the first (13) additional T is connected to control input (4) of CACA, the base of the second 14 additional transistor is connected to common bus (9) of SS, besides the first (10) current stabiliser is arranged in the form of controlled current stabiliser, having non-inverting input (18), and the second (12) blocking capacitor is connected between emitter of the second (14) additional T and non-inverting input (18) of the first (10) current stabiliszer. |
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Amplification controller for receiver in communication system with multiple carriers Receiver in communication system OFDM includes power detector and amplification controller. Power detector determines total power of received signal of OFDM, for instance by calculation of ADC data samples power and power averaging. Amplification controller controls amplification of receiver by discrete steps of amplification and in one direction, for instance from mode of lowest amplification to mode of highest amplification on the basis of determined total power of received signal. Amplification controller puts receiver in mode of lowest amplification. Then amplification controller detects condition of low total power of received signal, for instance by comparison of determined total power of received signal to specified threshold value that actually represents absence of signal. Amplification controller changes receiver to mode of higher amplification, if condition of low total power of received signal was detected, otherwise it preserves current mode of amplification. |
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Cascode differential amplifier with controlled amplification Invention may be used in devices of automatic adjustment of amplification, phase detectors and modulators, and also in systems of phase self-tuning and multiplication of frequency or as amplifier, voltage transfer coefficient of which depends on the level of control signal. Controlled amplifier is the basic unit of up-to-date systems for receiving and processing of signals from HF and SHF ranges, analog computer and metering equipment. Cascode differential amplifier (CDA) with controlled amplification comprises the first (1) and second (2) input transistors, emitters of which are connected to source of reference current (3). The first (4) and second (5) output composite transistors, main emitters of which (6, 7) are connected to according collectors of the first (1) and second (2) input transistors, collectors are joined by load circuit (8), and bases are connected to source of shift voltage source (9). Circuit includes additional transistor (10), emitter of which is connected to additional source of reference current (11) and via additional resistor (12) is connected to combined emitters of the first (1) and second (2) input transistors. Base is connected to control input (13) of CDA with controlled amplification, besides as the first (3) and second (4) of output composite transistors, composite transistors are used with the main (6, 7) and additional (14, 15) emitters, which are combined to each other and joined to collector of additional transistor (10). |
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Cascode differential amplifier with controlled gain Invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used in automatic gain control devices, phase detectors and modulators, in phase-locked loop and frequency multiplication systems or as an amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level. The controlled amplifier is the basic block of modern systems for receiving and processing high-frequency and microwave signals, and analogue computer and measurement equipment. The cascode differential amplifier with controlled gain has an input voltage-to-current converter (1), having first (2) and second (3) inputs and first (4) and second (5) current inputs connected to emitters of the first (6) and second (7) output transistors, load elements (8) connected to collectors of the first (6) and second (7) output transistors, a bias voltage source (9) connected to the base of the first (6) and second (7) output transistors through the first (10) and second (9) antiphase sources of the amplified signal. A first additional capacitor (12) is connected between the emitter of the first (6) output transistor and the power supply bus, and collectors of the output transistors (6) and (7) are connected to each other and to the load element (8). |
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Differential amplifier with controlled gain Invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used in automatic gain control devices, phase detectors and modulators, in phase-locked loop and frequency multiplication systems or as an amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level. The controlled amplifier is the basic block of modern systems for receiving and processing high-frequency and microwave signals, and analogue computer and measurement equipment. The differential amplifier (DA) has first (1) and second (2) input transistors (T), whose emitters are connected to each other through anti-parallel connected first (3) and second (4) p-n junctions and connected to the first (5) and second (6) reference current sources, a load circuit (7) connected to collectors of the first (1) and second (2) input T, a third reference current source (8) connected to the common point of anti-parallel connected first (3) and second (4) p-n junctions. The circuit has a first (11) and a second (12) control T, whose bases are connected to the control input (13) of the DA, combined collectors are connected to the third reference current source (8), the emitter of the first (11) control T is connected to the emitter of the first (1) input T, and the emitter of the second (12) control T is connected to the emitter of the second (2) input T. |
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Complementary cascode differential amplifier with controlled gain Invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used in automatic gain control devices, phase detectors and modulators, in phase-locked loop and frequency multiplication systems or as an amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level. The controlled amplifier is the basic block of modern systems for receiving and processing high-frequency and microwave signals, and analogue computer and measurement equipment. The complementary cascode differential amplifier with controlled gain has first (1) and second (2) input transistors (T), whose collectors are connected to the input (3) of a current mirror (4), first (5) and second (6) output T, whose bases are combined and connected to the output (7) of the current mirror (4) and a current stabilising two-terminal circuit (8), emitters are connected to corresponding emitters of the first (1) and second (2) input T, and collectors are connected to a load circuit (9). The circuit has a first (10) control T, whose emitter is connected to the first reference current source (11) and through first (12) and second (13) additional resistors to emitters of the first (1) and second (2) input T respectively. |
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Complementary differential amplifier with controlled gain Invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used in automatic gain devices, phase detectors and modulators, in phase-locked loop and frequency multiplication systems or as an amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level. The controlled amplifier is the basic block of modern systems for receiving and processing high-frequency and microwave signals, and analogue computer and measurement equipment. The complementary differential amplifier (CDA) has a first (1) differential stage (DS) having first (2) and second (3) potential inputs, a current output (4) connected to the first (5) input of an output current adder (6), first (7) reference current source (RCS) connected to the common emitter circuit (8) of the first (1) DS, a second DS (9) having first (10) and second (11) potential inputs connected to corresponding first (2) and second (3) potential inputs of the fist DS (1) and first (12) and second (13) inputs of the CDA, as well as a current output (14) connected to the second (15) input of the output current adder (6), a second (16) RCS connected to the common emitter circuit (17) of the second DS (9). The circuit includes a first additional transistor (T) (18) whose emitter is connected through a first additional resistor (19) to the common emitter circuit (17) of the second DS (9) and the first additional (20) RCS, the base is connected to the first control input (21) of the CDA and the collector is connected to the common emitter circuit (8) of the first DS (1). |
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Complementary differential amplifier with controlled gain Invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used in automatic gain devices, phase detectors and modulators, in phase-locked loop and frequency multiplication systems or as an amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level. The controlled amplifier and analogue multiplier are basic blocks of modern systems for receiving and processing high-frequency and microwave signals, and analogue computer and measurement equipment. The complementary differential amplifier (CDA) has a first differential stage (DS) with n-p-n transistors (1, 2), first current input (3), first (4) reference current source (RCS) and first (5) and second (6) current outputs of the first DS, a second DS on p-n-p transistors (T) (7, 8) with a second current input (9), second RCS (10), first (11) and second (12) current outputs of the second DS, first (13) and second (14) inputs of the CDA connected to corresponding bases of T (1, 7) and bases of T (2, 8), an output current adder (15) with first (16) and second (17) inputs matched with the bus of a positive power supply (PS) (18), as well as with first (19) and second (20) inputs matched with the bus of a negative PS (21). The system includes first (22) n-p-n and second (23) p-n-p additional T, whose bases are connected to the gain control circuit (24), the emitter of T (22) is connected to RCS (25) and through the first (26) auxiliary resistor to the current input (3) of the first DS, the emitter of T (23) is connected to RCS (27) and through the second (28) auxiliary resistor to the current input (9) of the second DS, where the first current output (5) of the first DS is connected to the first input (16) of the output current adder (15), the second current output (6) of the first DS is connected to the second input (17) of the output current adder (15), the first current output (11) of the second DS is connected to the second input (20) of the output current adder (15), and the second current output (12) of the second DS is connected to the first input (19) of the output current adder (15). |
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Controlled two-stage differential amplifier with inphase negative feedback Proposed invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used in automatic gain devices, phase detectors and modulators, in phase-locked loop and frequency multiplication systems or as an amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level. The controlled amplifier is the basic block of modern systems for receiving and processing high-frequency and microwave signals, and analogue computer and measurement equipment. The differential amplifier (DA) has an input parallel-balance cascade (1) with a controlled current source (CCS) (2) in a common emitter circuit (3), first (4) and second (5) current outputs of which are connected to first (6) and second (7) load two-terminal circuits and corresponding first (8) and second (9) inputs of the output differential stage (DS) (10), where the output (11) for the inphase signal of the DS (10) is connected to the control input (12) of the CCS (2) in the common emitter circuit (3). The circuit includes a control voltage-top-current converter (13) having first (14) and second (15) inphase outputs connected to corresponding first (4) and second (5) current outputs of the input parallel-balance cascade (1). |
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Differential amplifier with controlled gain Invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used as a broadband amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level uc, for example in analogue microcircuit structures for various functional purposes, automatic gain control systems, analogue signal multipliers etc. The differential amplifier (DA) has first (1) and second (2) input transistors (T) of a parallel-balance cascade, whose emitters are connected to the current input (3) of the parallel-balance cascade, the bases are connected to the corresponding first (4) and second (5) main inputs of the DA, and the collectors are connected to the first (6) and second (7) outputs of the DA and to the load circuit (8), first (9) and second (10) T of the gain control circuit (GCC), whose bases are connected to the control input (11) of the DA, the emitters are connected to the first (12) reference current source (RCS), and the collectors are connected to the first (6) and second (7) outputs of the DA. The circuit includes an additional resistor (13) and an additional RCS (14), where the additional resistor (13) is connected between the joined emitters of the first (9) and second (10) T of the GCC and the current input (3) of the parallel-balance cascade, which is connected to the additional RCS (14). |
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Invention relates to communication engineering and can be used when recording and playing back monophonic sound broadcast signals, as well as during transmission over communication lines. A method and a device for realising said method are proposed, which provide non-inertia limiting and companding sound broadcast signals without enrichment of their spectrum with considerable increase in relative mean power and are characterised by high control efficiency in channels with unstable transmission coefficient, reduced distortions when varying control parametres of signals with rapid change of level, as well as subjective perceptible quality of signal due to reduced masking of its high-frequency components. This is ensured by using inertial automatic control of level and delay of input and output signals respectively by approximately 160 and 10 mcs. |
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Bipolar current mirror with regulated transfer constant Bipolar current mirror with regulated transfer constant relates to electrical measurement techniques and automation. For this purpose regulating transistors are used, having a structure which is opposite to that of current mirror transistors and which work as controlled voltage sources for base or emitter circuits of not only output but input current mirror transistors as well. The transfer constant is regulated with differential voltage applied across bases of regulating transistors. |
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Method and device for loudness level regulation Method and device for regulation of loudness level are offered. The device 1 of loudness level regulation contains a definition module 20, a memory module, the first counting module 24 and the second counting module 26. The first counting module 24 contains a comparator 240 and a multiplier 241. The definition module 20 receives an input acoustical signal where the input acoustical signal is connected with set of input sound sources and corresponds to one of the specified input sound sources, besides; the definition module mounts change of a corresponding input sound source of an input acoustical signal. The memory module keeps set of input sound records. The first counting module calculates an input acoustical signal according to an input acoustical signal and input sound records. |
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Automatic signal gain control method Invention refers to signal gain control devices in telecommunication equipment and specifically to VoIP voice gain control methods. Method contains the stages as followings: incomer measurements, simultaneous calculation of two, the first and second current gains based on measuring result, calculation of total gain by multiplication of the first and second current gains, and output gain control based on calculated total gain. |
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Device for overcurrent protection of unidirectional pulses amplifier Device consists of feedback circuit, which contains power divider, detector, control unit, resistor, bipolar transistor, at that power divider is made as current transformer that consists of ferrite ring and two windings, the primary winding is made in the form of strip conductor passed through ferrite ring, the ends of which form input and the first output of power divider, and the secondary winding is made of wire wound on ferrite ring, the first end of which is connected to conductor that is common for amplifier and feedback circuit, and the second end forms the second output of power divider, at that resistor is installed in the opening of ferrite ring, and its outputs embrace the ring from both sides and are galvanically connected between each other. |
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Methods for removal of signal direct component at connection of wireless communication line The wireless communication device signal using for the purpose the unit (36) of coarse removal of the direct component, which removes the relatively high direct components, and the circuit (42) of fine removal of the direct component, which removes the residual components of it. The unit (36) of coarse removal of the direct component may be realized on receiver (22), and the circuit (42) of fine removal of the direct component may be realized on modem (26). Besides, circuit (44) of coarse estimation of the direct component realized in modem (26) may be connected to unit (36) of coarse removal of the direct component for renewal of the values of shift of the direct component stored in unit (36) of coarse removal of the direct component. Due to the fact that the values of coarse estimations of shift of the direct component are stored locally, in the receiver, removal of the direct component may be attained very quickly. |
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Method and device for increasing interference resistance of a receiver In accordance to the invention, in the method and in the device, power level of received signal is determined. If the power level equals or exceeds a predetermined threshold value, then amplifier 703 with low inherent noises is bridged 730. In alternative realizations, detector is used for high level of radio frequency power 105 for controlling amplification coefficient of input cascade 110 as a function of interference power. Continuous control over amplification coefficient makes it possible to suppress interference and to synchronize sensitivity of the receiver at lower signal levels, compared to the case of block with radio frequency amplification coefficient commutation block 730. Method of the invention allows synchronization of amplification coefficient at input with a predetermined value 1601. during operation of the receiver, change of control coefficient power of intermediate frequency signal 1605 is measured. If aforementioned change is less than the predetermined value 1610, then level of interference and signal is below the minimal noise level and, therefore, amplification coefficient is increased 1615. If the change of power of intermediate frequency signal exceeds a predetermined value, then presence of distortions is obvious and amplification coefficient is decreased to decrease the level of inter-modulation components 1620. Aforementioned process is used to produce best trade-off between interferences and noise factor during operation of the receiver. |
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Measuring adjustable controller Amplifier contains operational amplifiers 10,11, resistive divider of voltage of resistors 1-4, element 9 with adjustable resistance (potentiometer) and resistors 5-8, for achievement of first goal second outputs of element 9 and resistor 6 are connected to inverting input of operational amplifier 10, second output of resistor 5 is connected to third branch of resistive divider. First and second branches of resistive divider are connected in equal resistors 7 and 8 respectively to outputs of second differential input (low-ohm), onto which second input signal (non-controllable) may be sent from source of supporting voltage for uncontrolled shift of original output signal of amplifier, which is required in transformers of pressure to standard current signal of 4-20 mA. |
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Pulse-code signal selector incorporating automatic digital gain control Proposed pulse-code signal detector incorporating automatic digital gain control has channels, each one incorporating main amplifier connected in series with main threshold element, decoder connected in series with pulse shaper, and first switch whose data input is connected to decoder input and control input, to pulse shaper output; next-channel main amplifier gain is higher by an order of magnitude than that of preceding one; all channels are connected in parallel and newly introduced in each one are preamplifier whose gain is higher by an order of magnitude than that of next one and threshold element; input of entire selector functions as common input of all preamplifiers; preamplifier output is connected to data input of main amplifier and to input of additional threshold element; output of additional threshold element is connected to control input of main amplifier; each channel has phase protection unit; output of main threshold element is connected to input of phase protection unit whose output is connected to decoder input and to data input of first switch; outputs of first switches in each channel function as selector outputs. |
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Method for automatic adjustment of radio-electronic device and automatic adjuster Concept, upon which automatic adjustment method is based, assumes that user after manually adjusting a radio-electronic device records adjustments under name, appropriate for signal, in which adjustments took place, and on repeated receipt of this signal it is recognized and adjustment are read from memory automatically. For realization of idea automatic adjuster contains controlled block, signal recognition block, memory block and control code generator. |
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Format distortion feedback (fdfb) Amplifier format distortion feedback (FB) consists of conversion deviation signal forming chain implemented using resistors (2,3) inserted between output and input of inverting amplifier (4), which has conversion slope control input (5). Received conversion deviation signal is multiplied by multiplier (1), whose signal adaptively defines amplifier (4) transfer characteristic slope. Such FB is adaptive non-linear, that is format distortion feedback (FDFB). |
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Linearization device for amplifier with alternating amplification Transformed control signal is sent onto first circuit (input cascade fig.8) of linearization device, which generates a set of exponentially connected signals, for example, by means of differential amplifier, collector currents of transistors of which contain exponentially connected signals. Second circuit (output cascade) input linearization device is made on differential amplifier and receives to one of inputs and to its common point the exponentially connected signals of first circuit, and in response generates amplification control signal. By approximate synchronization of second circuit with amplifying cascade of amplifiers with alternating amplification and utilization of amplification control signal, generated by second circuit, transfer amplifier function of amplifiers with alternating amplification approximates appropriate characteristic of exponentially connected signals. |
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Radio transmitting device incorporating provision for adapting to load Proposed short-wave radio transmitting device designed for operation into mismatched load has exciter 1, adjustable stage 3 and output stage 6, power supply in the form of pulsed power module 5 having drooping characteristic that provides for constant power supply to load and maintains field voltage across stage at level ensuring its operation under critical (optimal) conditions, pulse-width controller 4, and reference-voltage supply 12, as well as differential amplifiers 9, 13, multipliers 8, 11, output-signal peak value sensor 2, input-stage input-current sensor 10, and output-stage peak voltage sensor 7. |
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Circuits of transmitter for communication systems One of methods is method for providing linear adjustment of level of output power of transmitter, containing device with multiple discontinuous setting values of amplification coefficient, and device with smooth adjustment of setting value of amplification coefficient, including steps for determining amplitude transfer function of transmitter for each said set of discontinuous setting values, forming of compensation table for amplification coefficient, receiving said setting values, reading compensated setting value of amplification coefficient from compensation table, adjustment of amplification coefficient. |
Another patent 2513404.