Device for controlling amplitude of high-voltage unipolar pulses. RU patent 2477563.
 High-voltage unipolar pulse amplitude limiter / 2467472Invention relates to computer engineering and specifically to radar, and can be used in excitation systems of avalanche diode or Gunn diode microwave oscillators. The unipolar pulse amplitude limiter has: an input and an output, a bipolar transistor whose emitter is connected to the output of the limiter and the collector is connected to a conductor which is common for the whole device, a first resistor whose first lead is connected to the emitter of the bipolar transistor and the second lead is connected to the input of the limiter, a second resistor whose first lead is connected to the emitter of the bipolar transistor and the second lead is connected to the conductor which is common for the whole device, a third resistor whose first lead is connected to a power supply, a stabilitron whose cathode is connected to the second lead of the third resistor and the anode is connected to the conductor which is common for the whole device, and a capacitor whose first lead is connected to the second lead of the third resistor and the second lead is connected to the conductor which is common for the whole device; there is semiconductor diode whose anode is connected to the base of the bipolar transistor and the cathode is connected to the second lead of the third resistor. |
 Microwave transmitter with optimal setting of output capacity / 2463704Device comprises the following serially joined components: a waveguide of input microwave signal supply, a decoupling device, a p-i-n attenuator, a microwave amplifier and a load, and also a source of supply and a modulator, a decoder of frequency code, which comprises a matching device, a control device, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and a controlled source of current. |
 Method and system for correction of dc and agc / 2458457Method to process of a radio-frequency (RF) accepted signal comprises the following stages: application of programmable amplification to a received RF-signal; generation of a signal related to assessment of energy of a received RF-signal; control of programmable amplification on the basis of an energy assessment signal; transformation of a received RF-signal with lower frequency; detection of system time information in a signal transformed with frequency reduction; tuning of a DC component of a signal converted with frequency reduction, with a relatively accurate method; and tuning of a DC-component of a signal transformed with frequency reduction, with a relatively rough method. |
 Methods and devices to control amplification during initial capture in communication system / 2454016Invention relates to communication systems. The methods and apparatus for controlling amplification during the initial capture in a communication system and method for use in a wireless communication system are disclosed. The technology disclosed comprises measurement of power of the signal received by the transceiver repeatedly over a given period of time, and the signal includes a certain number of symbols. Strengthening of the transceiver can be reduced only if the current measured power is greater than previously measured power within a specified period of time, as long as the maximum power level is not measured. Through the reduction of re-amplification, adapting the maximum capacity, equal to the power level of the pilot symbol of capture, overcorrection and distortion through the transceiver is excluded during the initial timing and frequency locking. |
 Device to protect bandpass power amplifier against overloads / 2450426Device comprises a feedback circuit, which includes a directional coupler, a detector, a control unit, a bipolar transistor, a collector connected to a common conductor, a bandpass power amplifier, the second bipolar transistor, a source of an amplified signal, the first, second and third matched load. |
 Method and device to increase noise immunity of receiver / 2448411Device comprises a switch, where a received signal is sent, a shunt resistance, an amplifier and a controller that controls the specified switch. |
 Radio communication signal amplification device and method / 2438231Method is implemented by means of feedback circuit with chain (401) of amplifiers (412), which is connected to controller (413) of amplification factor, which receives the specified amplification value (Vatt) of constant value (Vfgm) in order to implement the amplification with constant amplification factor (FGM) or variable value (Valc) to implement amplification (ALC) with constant amplified power (Pout), by means of the first control (406) having the possibility of output of this specified variable value (Valc) on the basis of measurement of amplified power (Pout). According to the invention, such method differs by the fact that in amplification mode (FGM) with constant amplification factor the specified value transmitted with the first control (406) is kept in the value close to the specified constant value (Vfgm). |
 Time-dependent audio volume with using time-dependent assessment probability density / 2433525Method involves assessment of time-dependent probability density of short-term signal strength and signal strength smoothing with using probability density. The signal may be presented with an audio signal. Said short-term strength and smoothed strength may represent a time series, and each of them has current and previous timing indicators. Before smoothing, it is possible to calculate probability of the smoothed strength with a previous timing indicator. Before smoothing, smoothing coefficients are derived from probability density. Calculation of the smoothing coefficients may involve calculation of the smoothing coefficients with using the smoothed strength with the previous timing indicator, the short-term strength with the current timing indicator and probability of the smoothed strength with the previous timing indicator. Calculation of the smoothing coefficients may involve calculation of factors the smoothing coefficients with using a width of assessment probability density. |
 Control device of amplitude of heavy pulse signals / 2429558Control device of amplitude of heavy signals includes the first low-pass filter the input of which is the input of device for controlled signal, the second low-pass filter the output of which is the output of device, bipolar transistor the emitter of which is connected to input of the second low-pass filter, resistor and input of control signal. There introduced is semiconductor diode the first output of which is connected to base of bipolar transistor, and the second output is connected to input of control signal, and additional bipolar transistor the emitter of which is connected to output of the first low-pass filter, collector - to base of bipolar transistor, and base - to the first output of resistor; at that, collector of bipolar transistor is connected to output of the first low-pass filter and the second output of resistor is connected to common conductor. |
 Method of linearising amplitude characteristics of radio signal amplification path / 2425439Method of linearising amplitude characteristics of the amplification path of a radio signal formed by amplification characteristics of two parallel amplifiers, characterised by that the nominal value of the transmission coefficient of the amplification path is formed as a transfer function of two amplifiers which are connected in parallel on inputs and outputs and separately controlled on two sections of the amplitude characteristic. At the initial low-signal section of the amplitude characteristic, the common modulo transmission coefficient is formed as a sum of transmission coefficients of the non-controlled main amplifier and an auxiliary controlled parallel amplifier, and on the remaining section up to the maximum input level by adjusting the transmission coefficient of the main amplifier for the transmission coefficient of the auxiliary parallel amplifier equal to zero during the off mode on the current of output transistors thereof, and compensation for phase deviations is performed on the an input signal which is common for both amplifiers. The method is based on that, the transfer function of the two parallel-connected directed links (amplifiers) is equal to the sum of transfer functions of the directed links. Directivity is absence of cross-talk between the links and absence of effect of the overall output signal on characteristics of the parallel-connected links. In the disclosed method, directivity is provided by limiting the active region of the operation mode of the auxiliary amplifier on gain and on operation mode, on the direct current of the final stage of the auxiliary amplifier. |
 Dc-to-dc voltage transducer / 2248086Proposed transducer incorporates negative feedback and intermittent positive feedback circuits. Positive feedback circuit has series-connected amplifier, decoupling unit, and memory device. Input and output voltages across decoupling unit are not electrically connected. Decoupling unit has series-connected circuit-opening switch, memory device, and closing switch and functions to enhance measurement accuracy of transducer. |
 Optical amplifier and optical transmission line / 2248087Proposed controllable optical amplifier designed to transfer wavelength-multiplexing signals has, respectively, first gain control device (OE1, OE2, R1) and second dominating control device (OE2, R2, R1) having much slower output power control characteristic (Pout)in compliance with basic sold power (Psold). Transmission lines equipped with such amplifiers are characterized in that both fast changes in level and slow changes in attenuation can be compensated for in them. |
 Circuits of transmitter for communication systems / 2258309One of methods is method for providing linear adjustment of level of output power of transmitter, containing device with multiple discontinuous setting values of amplification coefficient, and device with smooth adjustment of setting value of amplification coefficient, including steps for determining amplitude transfer function of transmitter for each said set of discontinuous setting values, forming of compensation table for amplification coefficient, receiving said setting values, reading compensated setting value of amplification coefficient from compensation table, adjustment of amplification coefficient. |
 Radio transmitting device incorporating provision for adapting to load / 2271605Proposed short-wave radio transmitting device designed for operation into mismatched load has exciter 1, adjustable stage 3 and output stage 6, power supply in the form of pulsed power module 5 having drooping characteristic that provides for constant power supply to load and maintains field voltage across stage at level ensuring its operation under critical (optimal) conditions, pulse-width controller 4, and reference-voltage supply 12, as well as differential amplifiers 9, 13, multipliers 8, 11, output-signal peak value sensor 2, input-stage input-current sensor 10, and output-stage peak voltage sensor 7. |
 Linearization device for amplifier with alternating amplification / 2273949Transformed control signal is sent onto first circuit (input cascade fig.8) of linearization device, which generates a set of exponentially connected signals, for example, by means of differential amplifier, collector currents of transistors of which contain exponentially connected signals. Second circuit (output cascade) input linearization device is made on differential amplifier and receives to one of inputs and to its common point the exponentially connected signals of first circuit, and in response generates amplification control signal. By approximate synchronization of second circuit with amplifying cascade of amplifiers with alternating amplification and utilization of amplification control signal, generated by second circuit, transfer amplifier function of amplifiers with alternating amplification approximates appropriate characteristic of exponentially connected signals. |
 Format distortion feedback (fdfb) / 2289880Amplifier format distortion feedback (FB) consists of conversion deviation signal forming chain implemented using resistors (2,3) inserted between output and input of inverting amplifier (4), which has conversion slope control input (5). Received conversion deviation signal is multiplied by multiplier (1), whose signal adaptively defines amplifier (4) transfer characteristic slope. Such FB is adaptive non-linear, that is format distortion feedback (FDFB). |
 Method for automatic adjustment of radio-electronic device and automatic adjuster / 2292126Concept, upon which automatic adjustment method is based, assumes that user after manually adjusting a radio-electronic device records adjustments under name, appropriate for signal, in which adjustments took place, and on repeated receipt of this signal it is recognized and adjustment are read from memory automatically. For realization of idea automatic adjuster contains controlled block, signal recognition block, memory block and control code generator. |
 Pulse-code signal selector incorporating automatic digital gain control / 2292639Proposed pulse-code signal detector incorporating automatic digital gain control has channels, each one incorporating main amplifier connected in series with main threshold element, decoder connected in series with pulse shaper, and first switch whose data input is connected to decoder input and control input, to pulse shaper output; next-channel main amplifier gain is higher by an order of magnitude than that of preceding one; all channels are connected in parallel and newly introduced in each one are preamplifier whose gain is higher by an order of magnitude than that of next one and threshold element; input of entire selector functions as common input of all preamplifiers; preamplifier output is connected to data input of main amplifier and to input of additional threshold element; output of additional threshold element is connected to control input of main amplifier; each channel has phase protection unit; output of main threshold element is connected to input of phase protection unit whose output is connected to decoder input and to data input of first switch; outputs of first switches in each channel function as selector outputs. |
 Measuring adjustable controller / 2293435Amplifier contains operational amplifiers 10,11, resistive divider of voltage of resistors 1-4, element 9 with adjustable resistance (potentiometer) and resistors 5-8, for achievement of first goal second outputs of element 9 and resistor 6 are connected to inverting input of operational amplifier 10, second output of resistor 5 is connected to third branch of resistive divider. First and second branches of resistive divider are connected in equal resistors 7 and 8 respectively to outputs of second differential input (low-ohm), onto which second input signal (non-controllable) may be sent from source of supporting voltage for uncontrolled shift of original output signal of amplifier, which is required in transformers of pressure to standard current signal of 4-20 mA. |
 Method and device for increasing interference resistance of a receiver / 2305363In accordance to the invention, in the method and in the device, power level of received signal is determined. If the power level equals or exceeds a predetermined threshold value, then amplifier 703 with low inherent noises is bridged 730. In alternative realizations, detector is used for high level of radio frequency power 105 for controlling amplification coefficient of input cascade 110 as a function of interference power. Continuous control over amplification coefficient makes it possible to suppress interference and to synchronize sensitivity of the receiver at lower signal levels, compared to the case of block with radio frequency amplification coefficient commutation block 730. Method of the invention allows synchronization of amplification coefficient at input with a predetermined value 1601. during operation of the receiver, change of control coefficient power of intermediate frequency signal 1605 is measured. If aforementioned change is less than the predetermined value 1610, then level of interference and signal is below the minimal noise level and, therefore, amplification coefficient is increased 1615. If the change of power of intermediate frequency signal exceeds a predetermined value, then presence of distortions is obvious and amplification coefficient is decreased to decrease the level of inter-modulation components 1620. Aforementioned process is used to produce best trade-off between interferences and noise factor during operation of the receiver. |
FIELD: radio engineering, communication.
SUBSTANCE: disclosed is a device for controlling amplitude of high-voltage unipolar pulses, having an input and an output, a bipolar transistor whose emitter is connected to the output of the control device and the collector is connected to the conductor which is common for the entire device, a first resistor whose first lead is connected to the emitter of the bipolar transistor and the second lead is connected to the input of the control device, a second resistor whose first lead is connected to the emitter of the bipolar transistor and the second lead is connected to the conductor which is common for the entire device, a potentiometer whose first outermost contact is connected to a power supply and the second outermost contact is connected to the conductor which is common for the entire device, and a capacitor whose first lead is connected to the sliding contact of the potentiometer and the second lead is connected to the conductor which is common for the entire device. The device additionally includes a semiconductor diode whose anode is connected to the base of the bipolar transistor and the cathode is connected to the sliding contact of the potentiometer.
EFFECT: design of a device for controlling amplitude of high-voltage unipolar pulses, which provides a high dynamic range of signals at its output.
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The invention relates to the electrical engineering, in particular to the radar, and can be used in the systems of microwave generators on flood-span diodes and Hannah diodes.
Know the device controlling the pulse amplitude containing a p-i-n diode in parallel with the load [1, figure 6.2, and]. The disadvantage of this device regulation of the pulse amplitude is small range of regulated signals, limited pulse amplitude equal to 1...2 Century
It is also known device regulation amplitude unipolar pulse, which is simultaneously device protect the amplifier single-ended pulses from the mismatch on the output and overload input contains a current transformer, made on the basis of ferrite rings. The primary winding of the transformer is made in the form through a ferrite ring strip Explorer, the start of which is connected to the protected amplifier, and the end - to load the amplifier. The secondary coil is made of the filter on a ferrite ring wire, the first end of which is connected to the common to the amplifier and the feedback circuit of the conductor and the other end forms a second transformer output current. In the device also includes detector, the input of which is connected to the second output of the transformer, control block, the input of which is connected to the output of the detector, the resistor, the conclusions of which cover a ferrite ring on both sides and are galvanically connected among themselves, the bipolar transistor, the base of which is connected to the output of the block of management, a collector transistor is connected with the General for the amplifier and the feedback circuit of the guide, and emitter of transistor output forms of a feedback circuit is connected to the amplifier input [2]. The disadvantage of this device regulation of the pulse amplitude is small signal dynamic range at the output regulation, limited amplitude of the output pulses, equal to 10...15 V, due to the small maximum permissible voltage base-emitter modern transistors [3].
Closest to the claimed object, a maximum number of essential features for a device controlling the amplitude of the unipolar pulse containing the input and output device regulation, the bipolar transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the output device regulation, and the collector - General for the whole device conductor, the first resistor, the first output of which is connected with the emitter of the bipolar transistor, and the second output of the entrance control device, the second resistor, the first output of which is connected with the emitter of the bipolar transistor, and the second conclusion is common for the entire device conductor, potentiometer, the first extreme contact which is connected to the power source, and the second extreme contact with the General for all the device's guide, and a capacitor, the first output of which is connected with movable contact potentiometer, and the second conclusion - with common to the whole device conductor base bipolar transistor is connected to a flexible contact potentiometer [4, 2]. The control unit is part of a more complex object intended for operation in an arbitrary load and containing in its composition in addition to the control device is included consistently with him emitter repeater [4, 2].
The disadvantage of this device prototype is small signal dynamic range at the output, limited amplitude of the output pulses, equal to 10...15 V, due to the small maximum permissible voltage base-emitter modern bipolar transistors [3].
The task, which is aimed at achieving the proposed solution - the creation of devices for the adjustment of the amplitude of high-voltage unipolar pulse, providing a high dynamic range signal output (up to values many times exceeding the maximum permissible voltage base-emitter modern bipolar transistors).
This is achieved by a control unit amplitude unipolar pulse containing the input and output device regulation, the bipolar transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the output device regulation, and the collector is common for all device Explorer, the first resistor, the first output of which is connected with the emitter of the bipolar transistor, and the second conclusion - with the input of the control device, the second resistor, the first output of which is connected with the emitter of the bipolar transistor, and the second conclusion is common for the entire device conductor, potentiometer, the first extreme contact which is connected to the power source, and the second extreme contact with the General for all the device's guide, and a capacitor, the first output of which is connected with movable contact potentiometer, and the second conclusion is common for the entire device conductor, entered a semiconductor diode, the anode of which is connected to the base of the bipolar transistor, and the cathode movable contact potentiometer.
Figures 1 and 2 shows the circuit diagram of the proposed device regulation amplitude of high-voltage single-ended pulses and schematic layout of such a device.
The device controlling the amplitude of high-voltage unipolar pulse contains input and output devices, the bipolar transistor 1, the emitter of which is connected to the output device, and the collector is common for the entire device conductor, the first resistor 2, the first output of which is connected with the emitter of the bipolar transistor 1, and the second conclusion - with the input of the device, the second resistor 3, the first output of which is connected with the emitter of the bipolar transistor 1, and the second conclusion is common for the entire device conductor, potentiometer 4, the first extreme contact of which is connected with the source of the power unit and the second extreme contact with the General for all the device's guide, condenser 5, the first output of which is connected with movable contact potentiometer 4, and the second conclusion - with common to the whole conductor devices, semiconductor diode 6, the anode of which is connected to the base of the bipolar transistor 1, and the cathode movable contact potentiometer 4.
The device controlling the amplitude of high-voltage unipolar pulse works as follows. The movable contact potentiometer 4 is set to a constant voltage equal to the desired amplitude of pulses at the output of the device. In the initial condition of a semiconductor diode 6 closed. Therefore, constant voltage with the sliding contact potentiometer 4 is not served on the base of a bipolar transistor 1 and so can many times higher than the maximum allowable voltage base-emitter bipolar transistor 1. When applied to the input control device pulses with amplitude is less than the value of the DC voltage on the movable contact potentiometer 4, semiconductor diode 6 remains closed. Bipolar transistor 1 is also closed. In this case, the impulse given to the input of the device, easily passes on his way out and goes to the load that connects to the device, which is allocated impulse voltage equal to the amplitude of the input pulse less voltage to be allocated on the first resistor 2. The first resistor 2 introduced to limit current limit bipolar transistor 1 when it is opened. When applied to the input control device pulses with amplitude exceeding the value of DC voltage, installed on the movable contact potentiometer 4, semiconductor diode 6 opens, and on the basis of a bipolar transistor 1 establishes a voltage equal to the voltage on the movable contact potentiometer 4. Therefore, once the amplitude of pulse output control devices is equal to the voltage on the movable contact potentiometer 4, bipolar transistor 1 opens, preventing further growth of the pulse current in the load, because the voltage at the emitter of a bipolar transistor 1 can significantly exceed the voltage on its basis.
Transistor 1 figure 1 corresponds to the transistor VT1 in figure 2. Resistor 2 figure 1 corresponds to the resistor R2 in figure 2. Resistor 3-figure 1 corresponds to the resistor R3 figure 2. Potentiometer 4 figure 1 corresponds to the potentiometer R1 in figure 2. Condenser 5 figure 1 corresponds to the capacitor C1 in figure 2. Semiconductor diode 6 figure 1 corresponds to a semi-conductor diode VD1 in figure 2.
Experimental study of a model of the device regulation, circuit diagram of which is shown in figure 2, was performed using the powerful pulse amplifier described in [5] and allows to receive on an output pulse amplitude of up to 100 Century, The studies found that when working on a load device control allows you to change the voltage in the range from 3 to 100 Century When working on a standard 50 Ohm load impulse withstand voltage at the load is regulated within 3...76 Century model of the device regulation, implemented according to the scheme of the prototype, do not provide the impulse withstand voltage at the load of more than 17, due to the breakdown of transition base-emitter of the transistor.
The proposed device regulation amplitude of high-voltage single-ended pulses as compared with the device-the prototype provides a wider dynamic range signal at its output to the values, many times exceeding the maximum permissible voltage base-emitter modern bipolar transistors.
Sources of information
1. Picosecond pulse technique / .., Б.., ..Б and others, Ed. ... - M, Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1993. - 368 C.
2. Titov A.A. Semenov A.V., Pushkarev VP Protection device amplifier single-ended pulses from overcurrent. / The patent of Russian Federation №2328818 - Publ. 10.07.2008. Bul. №19.
3. Petukhov V. M. Field and high-frequency bipolar transistors of medium and high power and their foreign counterparts: a Handbook. In 4 volumes. - M: Goblet-and, 1997.
4. A.A. Titov, Pushkarev CE Device management amplitude of high-power pulsed signals // telecommunications. - 2010. - №7. 44 - 46. - prototype.
5. A.A. Titov, Pushkarev VP, B. I., .., Yurchenko V.I. Pulsed microwave generator on Gunn diode // the Electronic equipment. Ser. SHF technique. - 2010. - Vol.№3. - P.38-46.
The device controlling the amplitude of high-voltage single-ended pulses containing the input and output device regulation, the bipolar transistor, the emitter of which is connected to the output device regulation, and the collector is common for the entire device conductor, the first resistor, the first output of which is connected with the emitter of the bipolar transistor, and the second conclusion - with the input of the control device, the second resistor, the first output of which is connected with the emitter of the bipolar transistor, and the second conclusion is common for the entire device conductor, potentiometer, the first extreme contact which is connected to the power source, and the second extreme contact with the General for all the device's guide, and a capacitor, the first output of which is connected with movable contact potentiometer, and the second conclusion is common for the entire device conductor, wherein it is additionally introduced a semiconductor diode, the anode of which is connected to the base of the bipolar transistor, and the cathode movable contact potentiometer.