High-voltage unipolar pulse amplitude limiter. RU patent 2467472.
 Device to protect bandpass power amplifier against overloads / 2450426Device comprises a feedback circuit, which includes a directional coupler, a detector, a control unit, a bipolar transistor, a collector connected to a common conductor, a bandpass power amplifier, the second bipolar transistor, a source of an amplified signal, the first, second and third matched load. |
 Radio communication signal amplification device and method / 2438231Method is implemented by means of feedback circuit with chain (401) of amplifiers (412), which is connected to controller (413) of amplification factor, which receives the specified amplification value (Vatt) of constant value (Vfgm) in order to implement the amplification with constant amplification factor (FGM) or variable value (Valc) to implement amplification (ALC) with constant amplified power (Pout), by means of the first control (406) having the possibility of output of this specified variable value (Valc) on the basis of measurement of amplified power (Pout). According to the invention, such method differs by the fact that in amplification mode (FGM) with constant amplification factor the specified value transmitted with the first control (406) is kept in the value close to the specified constant value (Vfgm). |
 Time-dependent audio volume with using time-dependent assessment probability density / 2433525Method involves assessment of time-dependent probability density of short-term signal strength and signal strength smoothing with using probability density. The signal may be presented with an audio signal. Said short-term strength and smoothed strength may represent a time series, and each of them has current and previous timing indicators. Before smoothing, it is possible to calculate probability of the smoothed strength with a previous timing indicator. Before smoothing, smoothing coefficients are derived from probability density. Calculation of the smoothing coefficients may involve calculation of the smoothing coefficients with using the smoothed strength with the previous timing indicator, the short-term strength with the current timing indicator and probability of the smoothed strength with the previous timing indicator. Calculation of the smoothing coefficients may involve calculation of factors the smoothing coefficients with using a width of assessment probability density. |
 Control device of amplitude of heavy pulse signals / 2429558Control device of amplitude of heavy signals includes the first low-pass filter the input of which is the input of device for controlled signal, the second low-pass filter the output of which is the output of device, bipolar transistor the emitter of which is connected to input of the second low-pass filter, resistor and input of control signal. There introduced is semiconductor diode the first output of which is connected to base of bipolar transistor, and the second output is connected to input of control signal, and additional bipolar transistor the emitter of which is connected to output of the first low-pass filter, collector - to base of bipolar transistor, and base - to the first output of resistor; at that, collector of bipolar transistor is connected to output of the first low-pass filter and the second output of resistor is connected to common conductor. |
 Bipolar current mirror with controlled transfer ratio / 2422980Electronic adjustment of transfer ratios in current sources controlled by current on the basis of a current mirror is carried out through usage of control transistors in basis circuits of the current mirror transistors, and control transistors have a structure opposite to a structure of the current mirror transistors (2) and perform function of controlled voltage sources. The transfer ratio is controlled by a differential voltage supplied to bases of control transistors (5). Connection of transistors that form current current mirrors with input and output transistors, makes it possible to expand a dynamic range of a control signal. |
 Controlled complementary differential amplifier / 2421897Controlled amplifier is the base node of modern receiving and processing systems of HF and microwave signals, analogue computing and measuring equipment. Controlled complementary differential amplifier includes the first (1) and the second (2) input transistors the collectors of which are connected to the first (3) power source, the first (4) and the second (5) output tripoles the base inputs of which are connected to each other, collector output of the first (4) output tripole is connected to the first (6) input of load circuit (7), which is matched with the second (8) power source, collector output of the second (5) output tripole is connected to the second (9) input of load circuit; emitter of the first (1) input transistor is connected to emitter input of the first (4) output tripole; emitter of the second (2) input transistor is connected to emitter input of the second (5) output tripole; at that, control input (10) of controlled pedestal current source (11) is connected to control voltage source (12). To the diagram there introduced is the first (13) and the second (14) additional transistors and additional pedestal current source (15) connected between combined base inputs of the first (4) and the second (5) output tripoles and the second (8) power source; at that, controlled pedestal current source (11) is connected between the first (3) power source and combined emitters of the first (13) and the second (14) additional transistors; base of the first (13) additional transistor is connected to emitter of the first (1) input transistor; base of the second (14) additional transistor is connected to emitter of the second (2) input transistor; collector of the first (13) additional transistor is connected to collector output of the first (4) output tripole; collector of the second (14) additional transistor is connected to collector output of the second (5) output tripole. |
 Sound amplification control based on particular volume of acoustic event detection / 2417514In one aspect of dynamic amplification variation control, sound signal is controlled in response, at least, partially, to acoustic event and/or degree of signal variation related with boundaries of acoustic event. In another aspect, sound signal is divided into acoustic events to compare difference between particular volumes between successive time units of sound signal. |
 Processing dynamic properties of audio using retuning / 2413357Processor or method of processing dynamic properties of audio employs a mechanism or sequence of retuning operations for fast adaptation to changes in content in the audio signal. The retuning signal can be generated by analysing the audio signal itself, or retuning can be performed based on an external event, such as changing the channel on a television receiver or changing the input selection on an audio/video receiver. If there is an external activating signal, one or more features of the state of the dynamic property processor for the current audio source can be stored or associatively linked to such an audio source before switching to a new audio source. Further, if the system if switched back to the first audio source, the dynamic property processor can be retuned to a state stored earlier or approximation thereof. |
 Two-channel controlled alternating current amplifier / 2394364Two-channel controlled alternating current amplifier (dwg.4) includes source of input (1) and control (2) signals, first (3) and second (4) control transistors (T), first (5) and second (6) output T the bases of which are combined; collector of T (5) is connected to first (7) load circuit and to output (8) of the first amplification channel; collector of T (6) is connected to second (9) load circuit and to output (10) of the second amplification channel; emitter of T (5) is connected to first (11) current-stabilising bipole (CB); emitter of T (6) is connected to second (12) CB. Source of input signal (1) is connected to combined bases of T (5) and T (6); control signal source (2) is connected between bases of T (3) and T (4); emitters of T (3) and T (4) are connected to emitter of T (5) and to emitter of T (6) respectively through first (13) and second (14) separating capacitors (C); at that, emitters of T (3) and T (4) are connected to the appropriate outputs (15) and (16) of additional circuit (17) of static mode T (3) and T (4). |
 Differential amplifier with controlled amplification factor / 2394359Differential amplifier (DA) includes first (1) and second (2) input transistors (T) with combined emitters the bases of which are connected to first (3) DA input, third (4) and fourth (5) input T the emitters of which are connected to emitters of T (1) and T (2) and to output (5) of controlled current source (CCS) (6), and bases are connected to second (7) DA input, and load circuit (8) connected to collectors of T (1) and T (5). To the scheme there introduced is additional bipole I11 connected to input (12) of additional current amplifier (CA) (13) and collectors of T (2) and T (4); at that, output (14) of CA (13) is connected to input (15) of CCS (6), and the main output (16) of additional voltage-to-current converter (17) is connected to input (12) OF CA (13). |
 Optical amplifier and optical transmission line / 2248087Proposed controllable optical amplifier designed to transfer wavelength-multiplexing signals has, respectively, first gain control device (OE1, OE2, R1) and second dominating control device (OE2, R2, R1) having much slower output power control characteristic (Pout)in compliance with basic sold power (Psold). Transmission lines equipped with such amplifiers are characterized in that both fast changes in level and slow changes in attenuation can be compensated for in them. |
 Device for overcurrent protection of unidirectional pulses amplifier / 2328818Device consists of feedback circuit, which contains power divider, detector, control unit, resistor, bipolar transistor, at that power divider is made as current transformer that consists of ferrite ring and two windings, the primary winding is made in the form of strip conductor passed through ferrite ring, the ends of which form input and the first output of power divider, and the secondary winding is made of wire wound on ferrite ring, the first end of which is connected to conductor that is common for amplifier and feedback circuit, and the second end forms the second output of power divider, at that resistor is installed in the opening of ferrite ring, and its outputs embrace the ring from both sides and are galvanically connected between each other. |
 Bipolar current mirror with regulated transfer constant / 2377633Bipolar current mirror with regulated transfer constant relates to electrical measurement techniques and automation. For this purpose regulating transistors are used, having a structure which is opposite to that of current mirror transistors and which work as controlled voltage sources for base or emitter circuits of not only output but input current mirror transistors as well. The transfer constant is regulated with differential voltage applied across bases of regulating transistors. |
 Differential amplifier with controlled gain / 2384935Invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used as a broadband amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level uc, for example in analogue microcircuit structures for various functional purposes, automatic gain control systems, analogue signal multipliers etc. The differential amplifier (DA) has first (1) and second (2) input transistors (T) of a parallel-balance cascade, whose emitters are connected to the current input (3) of the parallel-balance cascade, the bases are connected to the corresponding first (4) and second (5) main inputs of the DA, and the collectors are connected to the first (6) and second (7) outputs of the DA and to the load circuit (8), first (9) and second (10) T of the gain control circuit (GCC), whose bases are connected to the control input (11) of the DA, the emitters are connected to the first (12) reference current source (RCS), and the collectors are connected to the first (6) and second (7) outputs of the DA. The circuit includes an additional resistor (13) and an additional RCS (14), where the additional resistor (13) is connected between the joined emitters of the first (9) and second (10) T of the GCC and the current input (3) of the parallel-balance cascade, which is connected to the additional RCS (14). |
 Controlled two-stage differential amplifier with inphase negative feedback / 2384936Proposed invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used in automatic gain devices, phase detectors and modulators, in phase-locked loop and frequency multiplication systems or as an amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level. The controlled amplifier is the basic block of modern systems for receiving and processing high-frequency and microwave signals, and analogue computer and measurement equipment. The differential amplifier (DA) has an input parallel-balance cascade (1) with a controlled current source (CCS) (2) in a common emitter circuit (3), first (4) and second (5) current outputs of which are connected to first (6) and second (7) load two-terminal circuits and corresponding first (8) and second (9) inputs of the output differential stage (DS) (10), where the output (11) for the inphase signal of the DS (10) is connected to the control input (12) of the CCS (2) in the common emitter circuit (3). The circuit includes a control voltage-top-current converter (13) having first (14) and second (15) inphase outputs connected to corresponding first (4) and second (5) current outputs of the input parallel-balance cascade (1). |
 Complementary differential amplifier with controlled gain / 2384937Invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used in automatic gain devices, phase detectors and modulators, in phase-locked loop and frequency multiplication systems or as an amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level. The controlled amplifier and analogue multiplier are basic blocks of modern systems for receiving and processing high-frequency and microwave signals, and analogue computer and measurement equipment. The complementary differential amplifier (CDA) has a first differential stage (DS) with n-p-n transistors (1, 2), first current input (3), first (4) reference current source (RCS) and first (5) and second (6) current outputs of the first DS, a second DS on p-n-p transistors (T) (7, 8) with a second current input (9), second RCS (10), first (11) and second (12) current outputs of the second DS, first (13) and second (14) inputs of the CDA connected to corresponding bases of T (1, 7) and bases of T (2, 8), an output current adder (15) with first (16) and second (17) inputs matched with the bus of a positive power supply (PS) (18), as well as with first (19) and second (20) inputs matched with the bus of a negative PS (21). The system includes first (22) n-p-n and second (23) p-n-p additional T, whose bases are connected to the gain control circuit (24), the emitter of T (22) is connected to RCS (25) and through the first (26) auxiliary resistor to the current input (3) of the first DS, the emitter of T (23) is connected to RCS (27) and through the second (28) auxiliary resistor to the current input (9) of the second DS, where the first current output (5) of the first DS is connected to the first input (16) of the output current adder (15), the second current output (6) of the first DS is connected to the second input (17) of the output current adder (15), the first current output (11) of the second DS is connected to the second input (20) of the output current adder (15), and the second current output (12) of the second DS is connected to the first input (19) of the output current adder (15). |
 Complementary differential amplifier with controlled gain / 2384938Invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used in automatic gain devices, phase detectors and modulators, in phase-locked loop and frequency multiplication systems or as an amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level. The controlled amplifier is the basic block of modern systems for receiving and processing high-frequency and microwave signals, and analogue computer and measurement equipment. The complementary differential amplifier (CDA) has a first (1) differential stage (DS) having first (2) and second (3) potential inputs, a current output (4) connected to the first (5) input of an output current adder (6), first (7) reference current source (RCS) connected to the common emitter circuit (8) of the first (1) DS, a second DS (9) having first (10) and second (11) potential inputs connected to corresponding first (2) and second (3) potential inputs of the fist DS (1) and first (12) and second (13) inputs of the CDA, as well as a current output (14) connected to the second (15) input of the output current adder (6), a second (16) RCS connected to the common emitter circuit (17) of the second DS (9). The circuit includes a first additional transistor (T) (18) whose emitter is connected through a first additional resistor (19) to the common emitter circuit (17) of the second DS (9) and the first additional (20) RCS, the base is connected to the first control input (21) of the CDA and the collector is connected to the common emitter circuit (8) of the first DS (1). |
 Complementary cascode differential amplifier with controlled gain / 2388137Invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used in automatic gain control devices, phase detectors and modulators, in phase-locked loop and frequency multiplication systems or as an amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level. The controlled amplifier is the basic block of modern systems for receiving and processing high-frequency and microwave signals, and analogue computer and measurement equipment. The complementary cascode differential amplifier with controlled gain has first (1) and second (2) input transistors (T), whose collectors are connected to the input (3) of a current mirror (4), first (5) and second (6) output T, whose bases are combined and connected to the output (7) of the current mirror (4) and a current stabilising two-terminal circuit (8), emitters are connected to corresponding emitters of the first (1) and second (2) input T, and collectors are connected to a load circuit (9). The circuit has a first (10) control T, whose emitter is connected to the first reference current source (11) and through first (12) and second (13) additional resistors to emitters of the first (1) and second (2) input T respectively. |
 Differential amplifier with controlled gain / 2388138Invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used in automatic gain control devices, phase detectors and modulators, in phase-locked loop and frequency multiplication systems or as an amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level. The controlled amplifier is the basic block of modern systems for receiving and processing high-frequency and microwave signals, and analogue computer and measurement equipment. The differential amplifier (DA) has first (1) and second (2) input transistors (T), whose emitters are connected to each other through anti-parallel connected first (3) and second (4) p-n junctions and connected to the first (5) and second (6) reference current sources, a load circuit (7) connected to collectors of the first (1) and second (2) input T, a third reference current source (8) connected to the common point of anti-parallel connected first (3) and second (4) p-n junctions. The circuit has a first (11) and a second (12) control T, whose bases are connected to the control input (13) of the DA, combined collectors are connected to the third reference current source (8), the emitter of the first (11) control T is connected to the emitter of the first (1) input T, and the emitter of the second (12) control T is connected to the emitter of the second (2) input T. |
 Cascode differential amplifier with controlled gain / 2388139Invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used in automatic gain control devices, phase detectors and modulators, in phase-locked loop and frequency multiplication systems or as an amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level. The controlled amplifier is the basic block of modern systems for receiving and processing high-frequency and microwave signals, and analogue computer and measurement equipment. The cascode differential amplifier with controlled gain has an input voltage-to-current converter (1), having first (2) and second (3) inputs and first (4) and second (5) current inputs connected to emitters of the first (6) and second (7) output transistors, load elements (8) connected to collectors of the first (6) and second (7) output transistors, a bias voltage source (9) connected to the base of the first (6) and second (7) output transistors through the first (10) and second (9) antiphase sources of the amplified signal. A first additional capacitor (12) is connected between the emitter of the first (6) output transistor and the power supply bus, and collectors of the output transistors (6) and (7) are connected to each other and to the load element (8). |
FIELD: physics, computer engineering.
SUBSTANCE: invention relates to computer engineering and specifically to radar, and can be used in excitation systems of avalanche diode or Gunn diode microwave oscillators. The unipolar pulse amplitude limiter has: an input and an output, a bipolar transistor whose emitter is connected to the output of the limiter and the collector is connected to a conductor which is common for the whole device, a first resistor whose first lead is connected to the emitter of the bipolar transistor and the second lead is connected to the input of the limiter, a second resistor whose first lead is connected to the emitter of the bipolar transistor and the second lead is connected to the conductor which is common for the whole device, a third resistor whose first lead is connected to a power supply, a stabilitron whose cathode is connected to the second lead of the third resistor and the anode is connected to the conductor which is common for the whole device, and a capacitor whose first lead is connected to the second lead of the third resistor and the second lead is connected to the conductor which is common for the whole device; there is semiconductor diode whose anode is connected to the base of the bipolar transistor and the cathode is connected to the second lead of the third resistor.
EFFECT: possibility of obtaining pulses whose amplitude is many times greater than the maximum allowable base-emitter voltage of modern bipolar transistors.
2 dwg
The invention relates to the electrical engineering, in particular to radar, and can be used in systems of excitation of SHF generators on avalanche transit-time diodes and Hannah diodes.
Known limiter containing two diodes included counter-parallel and parallel with the load [1]. The disadvantage of such a delimiter is the small amplitude of the signal at the output, component of an amount equal to 0.7...1,0 Century
Also known limiter amplitude unipolar pulse, which is simultaneously a protection device the amplifier of a unipolar pulse from the error output and overload input that contains a current transformer, made on the basis of ferrite rings. The primary winding of the transformer is made in the form of a threaded through the ferrite ring strip Explorer, the start of which is connected to the output of the protected amplifier, and the end to the load of the amplifier. Secondary windings made of wound on a ferrite ring wire, the first end of which is connected to the common amp and the feedback circuit conductor and the other end forms a second output current transformer. The structure of the device also includes the detector, the input of which is connected to the second output current transformer, control unit, the input connected to the output of the detector, a resistor, the findings of which cover a ferrite ring on both sides and are galvanically connected among themselves, bipolar transistor, the base of which is connected to the output of the control unit, the collector transistor is connected with the General amplifier and the feedback circuit conductor, and the emitter transistor forms exit the feedback circuit connected to the input of the amplifier [2]. The disadvantage of such a delimiter amplitude unipolar pulse is small amplitude of the signal at the output, component of an amount equal to 10...15 In that due to smaller maximum permissible voltage base-emitter voltage of modern bipolar transistor [3].
Closest to the claimed object on the maximum number of essential features is limiter amplitude unipolar pulse containing the input and output bipolar transistor, the emitter of which is connected with limiter output, and the collector - General for the device Explorer, the first resistor, the first conclusion which connected with the emitter of the bipolar transistor, and the second output - to the input of the limiter, the second resistor, the first output of which is connected to the emitter of the bipolar transistor, and the second conclusion is common for all the device's guide, third resistor, the first output of which is connected to a power source, and the second conclusion - base bipolar transistor, diode, the cathode of which is connected to the second output of the third resistor, and the anode is common for the entire device by Windows Explorer, and the condenser, the first output of which is connected to the second output of the third resistor, and the second conclusion is common for all device Explorer [4, 1]. Consider the limiter is part of a more complex device designed for high-power pulsed excitation Gunn diodes in a pulsed microwave generators [4, 1].
The disadvantage of such a delimiter amplitude unipolar pulse is small amplitude of the signal at the output, component of an amount equal to 10...15 In that due to smaller maximum permissible voltage base-emitter voltage of modern bipolar transistor [3].
The goal towards which directed the proposed solution is to create limiter amplitude of high-voltage unipolar pulse ensure the receipt at the output pulses with amplitude, many times exceeding the maximum permissible voltage base-emitter voltage of modern bipolar transistors.
The solution of the problem is achieved that the limiter amplitude unipolar pulse containing the input and output bipolar transistor, the emitter of which is connected with limiter output, and the collector - General for the device Explorer, the first resistor, the first conclusion which connected with the emitter of the bipolar transistor, and the second output - to the input of the limiter, the second resistor, the first output of which is connected to the emitter of the bipolar transistor, and the second conclusion is common for all the device's guide, third resistor, the first output of which is connected to a power source, Zener diode, the cathode of which is connected to the second output of the third resistor, and the anode is common for the entire device by Windows Explorer, and the condenser, the first output of which is connected to the second output of the third resistor, and the second conclusion is common for the entire device Explorer entered the semiconductor diode, the anode of which is connected to the base of a bipolar transistor, and the cathode - with the second conclusion of the third resistor.
Figures 1 and 2 shows the circuit diagram of the proposed limiter amplitude of high-voltage unipolar pulse and circuit layout such a delimiter.
Limiter amplitude of high-voltage unipolar pulse contains the input and output bipolar transistor 1, the emitter of which is connected with limiter output, and the collector - General for the device Explorer, the first resistor 2, the first output of which is connected to the emitter of a bipolar transistor 1, and the second output - to the input of the limiter, the second resistor 3, the first output of which is connected to the emitter of a bipolar transistor 1, and the second conclusion is common for all the device's guide, third resistor 4, the first output of which is connected to a power source, Zener diode 5, the cathode of which is connected to the second output of the third resistor 4, and the anode is common for the entire device Explorer, condenser 6, the first output of which is connected to the second output of the third resistor 4, and the second conclusion is common for the entire device Explorer, and semiconductor diode 7, the anode of which is connected to the base of a bipolar transistor 1, and the cathode - with the second conclusion of the third resistor 4.
Limiter amplitude of high-voltage unipolar pulse works as follows. The voltage Zener 5 is equal to the required amplitude of pulses at the output of the limiter. In the initial state semiconductor diode 7 closed. So constant voltage supplied with Zener 5 on the cathode of a semiconductor diode 7, does not come at the base of a bipolar transistor 1 and so can many times higher than the maximum permissible voltage base-emitter voltage bipolar transistor 1. When applying to the input limiter of pulses with an amplitude of less than the value of the DC voltage to the cathode of a semiconductor diode 7, diode 7 remains closed. Bipolar transistor 1 is also closed. In this case, the impulse applied to the input limiter, passes on his way out and goes to the load connected to the output limiter, which is allocated pulsed voltage is equal to the amplitude of the input pulse minus voltage allocated on the first resistor 2. The first resistor 2 introduced to restrict maximum power bipolar transistor 1 when he opened. When applying to the input limiter of pulses with an amplitude exceeding the value of a constant voltage that is installed on the cathode of a semiconductor diode 7, the last opened, and on the basis of a bipolar transistor 1 sets the voltage is equal to the voltage at the cathode semiconductor diode 7. Therefore, as soon as the amplitude of the pulse at the limiter output will be equal to the voltage at the cathode semiconductor diode 7, bipolar transistor 1 opens, preventing further growth pulse current in the load, because the voltage at the emitter of a bipolar transistor 1 not able to considerably exceed the voltage on its basis.
Bipolar transistor 1 figure 1 corresponds to the transistors VT1 in figure 2. The first resistor 2 figure 1 corresponds to the resistor R1 in figure 2. The second resistor 3 figure 1 corresponds to the resistor R3 figure 2. The third resistor 4 figure 1 corresponds to the resistor R2 in figure 2. Zener 5 figure 1 corresponds to the diode VD1 in figure 2. Capacitor 6 figure 1 corresponds to the capacitor C1 in figure 2. Semiconductor diode 7 figure 1 corresponds to the diode VD2 in figure 2.
Experimental study of a model of the limiter, circuit diagram shown in figure 2, was performed using powerful pulse amplifier described in [5] and allowing to obtain at the output amplitude of pulses up to 100 V at a current pulse up to 60 A. In result of studies it is established that when working on the load varies from 100 W up to infinity, the pulse output voltage limiter remained unchanged and equal to 83 Century When used in the layout of the limiter, circuit diagram shown in figure 2, as VD1 Zener type XA, pulse voltage limiter output remained practically unchanged and equal to 28 In when working on the load, which varies from 6 Ohms to infinity. The layout of the limiter, implemented according to the scheme of the prototype, not allowed to get on the pulse voltage load more than 17 In that was due to the junction breakdown base-emitter voltage of the transistor KTG.
The proposed limiter amplitude of high-voltage unipolar pulse compared with the device prototype provides reception at the output pulses with amplitude, many times exceeding the maximum permissible voltage base-emitter voltage of modern bipolar transistors.
Sources of information used in the compilation of the description
1. Lebedev I.V., Snytnikov A.S., Prokhorov R.A., Skorobogatov A.I New structural scheme of solid-state power limiters. // Radioelektronika. - 1991. - №10. - P.9-17.
2. A.A. Titov, Semenov A.V., Pushkarev VP protection Device the amplifier of a unipolar pulse over current / Patent RF №2328818 - Publ. 10.07.2008. Bul. №19.
3. Petukhov V.M. Field and high-frequency bipolar transistors of medium and high power and their foreign counterparts: a Handbook. In 4 volumes. - M: A-a, 1997.
4. Pushkarev VP, A.A. Titov, V. Yurchenko Performance characteristics of the pulse generator on Gunn diodes type A // Reports of TUSUR. 2010. - №2. - S.138-141. - prototype.
Limiter amplitude of high-voltage unipolar pulse containing the input and output bipolar transistor, the emitter of which is connected with limiter output, and the collector - General for the device Explorer, the first resistor, the first output of which is connected to the emitter of the bipolar transistor, and the second output - to the input of the limiter, the second resistor, the first output of which is connected to the emitter of the bipolar transistor, and the second conclusion is common for all the device's guide, third resistor, the first output of which is connected to a power source, Zener diode, the cathode of which is connected to the second output of the third resistor, and the anode is common for the entire device by Windows Explorer, and the condenser, the first output of which is connected to the second output of the third resistor, and the second conclusion is common for the entire device Explorer, wherein it is additionally introduced a semiconductor diode, the anode of which is connected to the base of a bipolar transistor, and the cathode - with the second conclusion of the third resistor.