RussianPatents.com

Time-dependent audio volume with using time-dependent assessment probability density. RU patent 2433525.

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: method involves assessment of time-dependent probability density of short-term signal strength and signal strength smoothing with using probability density. The signal may be presented with an audio signal. Said short-term strength and smoothed strength may represent a time series, and each of them has current and previous timing indicators. Before smoothing, it is possible to calculate probability of the smoothed strength with a previous timing indicator. Before smoothing, smoothing coefficients are derived from probability density. Calculation of the smoothing coefficients may involve calculation of the smoothing coefficients with using the smoothed strength with the previous timing indicator, the short-term strength with the current timing indicator and probability of the smoothed strength with the previous timing indicator. Calculation of the smoothing coefficients may involve calculation of factors the smoothing coefficients with using a width of assessment probability density.

EFFECT: reduced variation of an average signal strength as compared with a target value.

19 cl, 5 dwg

IPC classes for russian patent Time-dependent audio volume with using time-dependent assessment probability density. RU patent 2433525. (RU 2433525):

H03H21 - Adaptive networks

H03G3/30 - in amplifiers having semiconductor devices

Another patents in same IPC classes:

Universal digital filter with programmable structure / 2399152
Invention can be used to design a system-wide hardware environment of digital autoregressive filters and finite impulse response (FIR) filters, devices for identification, convolution and modular calculations. The device has a clock pulse generation unit, a filter type code storage unit, a filter polynominal structure code storage unit, a filter unit consisting of n series-connected identical elements - cells which form a homogeneous programmable filter register medium.

Method of discrete noise adaptive filtration / 2341015
Invention is related to digital processing of radio locating signals. Method consists in the fact that weight ratios of filter are formed, which are ratios of autoregression of observations input sampling, and they are used for filtration. In process of filtration counts if observations input sampling are multiplied by corresponding weight ratios and obtained products are summed up. Two input samplings of observations that have diversion of repetition rates or carrier frequencies are subjected to filtration. Autoregression coefficients that are formed by single sampling of observations are used as weight ratios for filtration of the other sampling of observations and vice verse. Diversion of repetition rates or carrier frequencies of two observation samplings is selected so that difference of their corresponding Doppler shifts of frequency is considerably less than Doppler shifts of frequency for every of observations sampling. At that due to smallness of noise velocity and corresponding differential Doppler frequency of noise it is effectively suppressed. At the same time useful signal that corresponds to high velocity and significant Doppler shift is not compensated.

Filter with discontinuously adjustable characteristics / 2317636
Device contains input signal source (1), filter (2) with structure which is discontinuously changeable in electric signal level function, which filter has information and control inputs, serially connected first adder (3) and integrator (4), output of which is connected to inputs of n number of relay elements (5-8), where n≥3...... - odd number, outputs of which are connected to inputs of second adder (9), output of which is connected to first input of first adder (3), second input of which is connected to source (1), decoder (10) with n-1 inputs, which are connected to outputs of corresponding relay elements (6-8), and outputs of decoder (10) are connected to control inputs of filter (2), output of which is connected to output clamp (11) of device. In accordance to the invention, input of filter (2) is connected to second input of first adder (3).

Method for reverse filtration, method for synthesizing filtration, device for reverse filtration, device for synthesizing filtration and tools containing such devices / 2297049
In accordance to invention, filtration of input signal is performed for generation of first filtered signal; first filtered signal is combined with aforementioned input signal for production of difference signal, while stage of filtering of input signal for producing first filtered signal contains: stage of production of at least one delayed, amplified and filtered signal, and production stage contains: storage of signal, related to aforementioned input signal in a buffer; extraction of delayed signal from buffer, filtration of signal for forming at least one second filtered signal, while filtration is stable and causative; amplification of at least one signal by amplification coefficient, while method also contains production of aforementioned first filtered signal, basing on at least one aforementioned delayed, amplified and filtered signal.

Adaptive rejecter filter of parallel structure / 2280262
Rejection of passive interference by means of a parallel rejecter filter is based on m-channeled (with m=4) decomposition of vector H of rejecter filter of n-numbered order (with n=7) with integer-valued weight coefficients on channel vectors H1,H2,...,Hm, to projections of which hi(m) integer-value condition is applied. To achieve aforementioned result, in conjunction with first channel, including seven memory blocks and first weight adder, additional channels are utilized, wherein accumulated rejection remainders are processed.

Control device of amplitude of heavy pulse signals / 2429558
Control device of amplitude of heavy signals includes the first low-pass filter the input of which is the input of device for controlled signal, the second low-pass filter the output of which is the output of device, bipolar transistor the emitter of which is connected to input of the second low-pass filter, resistor and input of control signal. There introduced is semiconductor diode the first output of which is connected to base of bipolar transistor, and the second output is connected to input of control signal, and additional bipolar transistor the emitter of which is connected to output of the first low-pass filter, collector - to base of bipolar transistor, and base - to the first output of resistor; at that, collector of bipolar transistor is connected to output of the first low-pass filter and the second output of resistor is connected to common conductor.

Bipolar current mirror with controlled transfer ratio / 2422980
Electronic adjustment of transfer ratios in current sources controlled by current on the basis of a current mirror is carried out through usage of control transistors in basis circuits of the current mirror transistors, and control transistors have a structure opposite to a structure of the current mirror transistors (2) and perform function of controlled voltage sources. The transfer ratio is controlled by a differential voltage supplied to bases of control transistors (5). Connection of transistors that form current current mirrors with input and output transistors, makes it possible to expand a dynamic range of a control signal.

Controlled complementary differential amplifier / 2421897
Controlled amplifier is the base node of modern receiving and processing systems of HF and microwave signals, analogue computing and measuring equipment. Controlled complementary differential amplifier includes the first (1) and the second (2) input transistors the collectors of which are connected to the first (3) power source, the first (4) and the second (5) output tripoles the base inputs of which are connected to each other, collector output of the first (4) output tripole is connected to the first (6) input of load circuit (7), which is matched with the second (8) power source, collector output of the second (5) output tripole is connected to the second (9) input of load circuit; emitter of the first (1) input transistor is connected to emitter input of the first (4) output tripole; emitter of the second (2) input transistor is connected to emitter input of the second (5) output tripole; at that, control input (10) of controlled pedestal current source (11) is connected to control voltage source (12). To the diagram there introduced is the first (13) and the second (14) additional transistors and additional pedestal current source (15) connected between combined base inputs of the first (4) and the second (5) output tripoles and the second (8) power source; at that, controlled pedestal current source (11) is connected between the first (3) power source and combined emitters of the first (13) and the second (14) additional transistors; base of the first (13) additional transistor is connected to emitter of the first (1) input transistor; base of the second (14) additional transistor is connected to emitter of the second (2) input transistor; collector of the first (13) additional transistor is connected to collector output of the first (4) output tripole; collector of the second (14) additional transistor is connected to collector output of the second (5) output tripole.

Sound amplification control based on particular volume of acoustic event detection / 2417514
In one aspect of dynamic amplification variation control, sound signal is controlled in response, at least, partially, to acoustic event and/or degree of signal variation related with boundaries of acoustic event. In another aspect, sound signal is divided into acoustic events to compare difference between particular volumes between successive time units of sound signal.

Processing dynamic properties of audio using retuning / 2413357
Processor or method of processing dynamic properties of audio employs a mechanism or sequence of retuning operations for fast adaptation to changes in content in the audio signal. The retuning signal can be generated by analysing the audio signal itself, or retuning can be performed based on an external event, such as changing the channel on a television receiver or changing the input selection on an audio/video receiver. If there is an external activating signal, one or more features of the state of the dynamic property processor for the current audio source can be stored or associatively linked to such an audio source before switching to a new audio source. Further, if the system if switched back to the first audio source, the dynamic property processor can be retuned to a state stored earlier or approximation thereof.

Two-channel controlled alternating current amplifier / 2394364
Two-channel controlled alternating current amplifier (dwg.4) includes source of input (1) and control (2) signals, first (3) and second (4) control transistors (T), first (5) and second (6) output T the bases of which are combined; collector of T (5) is connected to first (7) load circuit and to output (8) of the first amplification channel; collector of T (6) is connected to second (9) load circuit and to output (10) of the second amplification channel; emitter of T (5) is connected to first (11) current-stabilising bipole (CB); emitter of T (6) is connected to second (12) CB. Source of input signal (1) is connected to combined bases of T (5) and T (6); control signal source (2) is connected between bases of T (3) and T (4); emitters of T (3) and T (4) are connected to emitter of T (5) and to emitter of T (6) respectively through first (13) and second (14) separating capacitors (C); at that, emitters of T (3) and T (4) are connected to the appropriate outputs (15) and (16) of additional circuit (17) of static mode T (3) and T (4).

Differential amplifier with controlled amplification factor / 2394359
Differential amplifier (DA) includes first (1) and second (2) input transistors (T) with combined emitters the bases of which are connected to first (3) DA input, third (4) and fourth (5) input T the emitters of which are connected to emitters of T (1) and T (2) and to output (5) of controlled current source (CCS) (6), and bases are connected to second (7) DA input, and load circuit (8) connected to collectors of T (1) and T (5). To the scheme there introduced is additional bipole I11 connected to input (12) of additional current amplifier (CA) (13) and collectors of T (2) and T (4); at that, output (14) of CA (13) is connected to input (15) of CCS (6), and the main output (16) of additional voltage-to-current converter (17) is connected to input (12) OF CA (13).

Controlled amplifier and analogue multiplier of signals on its basis / 2390922
Invention may be used in devices of automatic control of amplification, phase detectors and modulators, and also in systems of phase automatic tuning and multiplication of frequency or as amplifier, coefficient of transmission by voltage of which depends on the level of control signal. Analogue multiplier is the basic unit of modern systems for receiving and processing of signals of HF and SHF ranges, analogue computer and measurement equipment. Controlled amplifier comprises the first (1) input and the first (2) output transistors, bases of which are combined, the first current-stabilising dipole (3) connected to collector of the first (1) input transistor and connected to bases of the first (1) input and first (2) output transistors, load circuit (4) connected to collector of the first (2) output transistor, the first source of signal (5) connected to emitter of the first (1) input transistor, the first (6) source of amplification control signal. Circuit comprises the second (7) input transistor, emitter of which is connected to the first (6) source of amplification control signal, collector is connected to the first current-stabilising dipole (3), and base is connected to base of the first (1) input transistor.

Controlled ac amplifier / 2390920
Invention may be used as AC amplifier, coefficient of transmission by voltage of which (Ku) depends on the level of control signal (uy). Such devices are used in structure of analogue microchips of various functional purpose, systems of automatic amplification control, analogue signal multipliers, etc. Controlled AC amplifier (CACA) comprises the first (1) input transistor (T), base of which is connected to the main (2) input of CACA, the second (3) input T, base of which is connected to control inlet (4) of CACA, dipole (5) of local negative feedback (NFB) connected between emitters of the first (1) and second (3) T, load circuit (6) connected to collector of the first (1) and second (3) T and outlet (7) of CACA, the first (8) blocking capacitor (C) connected by alternating current between emitter of the first (1) T and common bus (9) of supply sources (SS), the first (10) current stabiliser connected to emitter of the first (1) T, the second (11) current stabiliser connected to emitter of the second (3) T, the second blocking C (12). The circuit comprises the first (13) and second (14) additional T, emitters of which are connected to each other via additional dipole (15) of NFB and are connected to according first (16) and second (17) current stabilizers, base of the first (13) additional T is connected to control input (4) of CACA, the base of the second (14) additional transistor is connected to common bus (9) of SS, besides between combined collectors of the first (13) and second (14) T and combined collectors of the first (1) and second (3) T there is additional inverting current repeater (18) connected, and emitter of the second (14) T is connected to the first input of the second (12) blocking C, the second output of which is connected by alternating current to common bus (9) of SS.

Controlled ac amplifier / 2390919
Invention may be used as broadband amplifier, coefficient of transmission by voltage of which depends on the level of control signal (uy). Such devices are used in structure of analogue microchips of various functional purpose, systems of automatic amplification control, analogue signal multipliers, etc. Controlled AC amplifier (CACA) comprises the first (1) input transistor (T), base of which is connected to the main (2) input of CACA, the second (3) input T, base of which is connected to control inlet (4) of CACA, dipole (5) of local negative feedback (NFB) connected between emitters of the first (1) and second (3) T, load circuit (6) connected to collector of the first (1) and second (3) T and outlet (7) of CACA, the first (8) blocking capacitor connected by alternating current between emitter of the first (1) T and common bus (9) of supply sources (SS), the first (10) current stabiliser connected to emitter of the first (1) T, the second (11) current stabiliser connected to emitter of the second (3) T, the second blocking capacitor (12). The circuit comprises the first (13) and second (14) additional T, emitters of which are connected to each other via additional dipole (15) of NFB and are connected to according first (16) and second (17) current stabilisers, base of the first (13) additional T is connected to control input (4) of CACA, the base of the second 14 additional transistor is connected to common bus (9) of SS, besides the first (10) current stabiliser is arranged in the form of controlled current stabiliser, having non-inverting input (18), and the second (12) blocking capacitor is connected between emitter of the second (14) additional T and non-inverting input (18) of the first (10) current stabiliszer.

Optical amplifier and optical transmission line / 2248087
Proposed controllable optical amplifier designed to transfer wavelength-multiplexing signals has, respectively, first gain control device (OE1, OE2, R1) and second dominating control device (OE2, R2, R1) having much slower output power control characteristic (Pout)in compliance with basic sold power (Psold). Transmission lines equipped with such amplifiers are characterized in that both fast changes in level and slow changes in attenuation can be compensated for in them.

Device for overcurrent protection of unidirectional pulses amplifier / 2328818
Device consists of feedback circuit, which contains power divider, detector, control unit, resistor, bipolar transistor, at that power divider is made as current transformer that consists of ferrite ring and two windings, the primary winding is made in the form of strip conductor passed through ferrite ring, the ends of which form input and the first output of power divider, and the secondary winding is made of wire wound on ferrite ring, the first end of which is connected to conductor that is common for amplifier and feedback circuit, and the second end forms the second output of power divider, at that resistor is installed in the opening of ferrite ring, and its outputs embrace the ring from both sides and are galvanically connected between each other.

Bipolar current mirror with regulated transfer constant / 2377633
Bipolar current mirror with regulated transfer constant relates to electrical measurement techniques and automation. For this purpose regulating transistors are used, having a structure which is opposite to that of current mirror transistors and which work as controlled voltage sources for base or emitter circuits of not only output but input current mirror transistors as well. The transfer constant is regulated with differential voltage applied across bases of regulating transistors.

Differential amplifier with controlled gain / 2384935
Invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used as a broadband amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level uc, for example in analogue microcircuit structures for various functional purposes, automatic gain control systems, analogue signal multipliers etc. The differential amplifier (DA) has first (1) and second (2) input transistors (T) of a parallel-balance cascade, whose emitters are connected to the current input (3) of the parallel-balance cascade, the bases are connected to the corresponding first (4) and second (5) main inputs of the DA, and the collectors are connected to the first (6) and second (7) outputs of the DA and to the load circuit (8), first (9) and second (10) T of the gain control circuit (GCC), whose bases are connected to the control input (11) of the DA, the emitters are connected to the first (12) reference current source (RCS), and the collectors are connected to the first (6) and second (7) outputs of the DA. The circuit includes an additional resistor (13) and an additional RCS (14), where the additional resistor (13) is connected between the joined emitters of the first (9) and second (10) T of the GCC and the current input (3) of the parallel-balance cascade, which is connected to the additional RCS (14).

Controlled two-stage differential amplifier with inphase negative feedback / 2384936
Proposed invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used in automatic gain devices, phase detectors and modulators, in phase-locked loop and frequency multiplication systems or as an amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level. The controlled amplifier is the basic block of modern systems for receiving and processing high-frequency and microwave signals, and analogue computer and measurement equipment. The differential amplifier (DA) has an input parallel-balance cascade (1) with a controlled current source (CCS) (2) in a common emitter circuit (3), first (4) and second (5) current outputs of which are connected to first (6) and second (7) load two-terminal circuits and corresponding first (8) and second (9) inputs of the output differential stage (DS) (10), where the output (11) for the inphase signal of the DS (10) is connected to the control input (12) of the CCS (2) in the common emitter circuit (3). The circuit includes a control voltage-top-current converter (13) having first (14) and second (15) inphase outputs connected to corresponding first (4) and second (5) current outputs of the input parallel-balance cascade (1).

Complementary differential amplifier with controlled gain / 2384937
Invention relates to radio engineering and communication and can be used in automatic gain devices, phase detectors and modulators, in phase-locked loop and frequency multiplication systems or as an amplifier whose voltage transfer ratio depends on the control signal level. The controlled amplifier and analogue multiplier are basic blocks of modern systems for receiving and processing high-frequency and microwave signals, and analogue computer and measurement equipment. The complementary differential amplifier (CDA) has a first differential stage (DS) with n-p-n transistors (1, 2), first current input (3), first (4) reference current source (RCS) and first (5) and second (6) current outputs of the first DS, a second DS on p-n-p transistors (T) (7, 8) with a second current input (9), second RCS (10), first (11) and second (12) current outputs of the second DS, first (13) and second (14) inputs of the CDA connected to corresponding bases of T (1, 7) and bases of T (2, 8), an output current adder (15) with first (16) and second (17) inputs matched with the bus of a positive power supply (PS) (18), as well as with first (19) and second (20) inputs matched with the bus of a negative PS (21). The system includes first (22) n-p-n and second (23) p-n-p additional T, whose bases are connected to the gain control circuit (24), the emitter of T (22) is connected to RCS (25) and through the first (26) auxiliary resistor to the current input (3) of the first DS, the emitter of T (23) is connected to RCS (27) and through the second (28) auxiliary resistor to the current input (9) of the second DS, where the first current output (5) of the first DS is connected to the first input (16) of the output current adder (15), the second current output (6) of the first DS is connected to the second input (17) of the output current adder (15), the first current output (11) of the second DS is connected to the second input (20) of the output current adder (15), and the second current output (12) of the second DS is connected to the first input (19) of the output current adder (15).