System for radio probing atmosphere with packet transmission of meteorological information |
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IPC classes for russian patent System for radio probing atmosphere with packet transmission of meteorological information (RU 2529177):
   
 Artificial ionospheric formation direction-finding apparatus / 2523912
Method includes receiving electromagnetic signals from each navigation satellite, wherein a double-frequency receiver generates an evaluation vector of digital signals corresponding to each of the j=1…m visible navigation satellites; based on phase propagation times τph1,2(tk), calculating phase paths of the signal Dph1,2(tk)=cτph1,2(tk) for each of the j=1…m visible navigation satellites; determining full electronic content of the ionosphere I, mathematical expectation of the full electronic content of the ionosphere
 Gadget to measure sea wave parameters / 2523102
Invention relates to instrumentation and can be used in meteorology, navigation, oceanography, vessel and seaplane sea trials for estimation of wave roughness and computer-aided landing systems. This gadget comprises antenna 1, transceiver 2, Doppler signal amplifier 3, ADC 4 and computer 5 its second input being connected with gadget input 6 and first output connected with transceiver control input. Besides, the gadget is equipped with display 7 with input connected to second output of computer 5.
 Device of determination of distance to ionosphere / 2510772
Device of determination of distance to ionosphere can be used in over-the-horizon radars and for research of a status of an air bed of Earth. The specified result is reached with the help of a synchroniser, a pulse transmitter, an antenna switch, an aerial, a receiver, a clock generator, a decoder, a block of secondary processing, an indicator, a peak selector, a variable line of delay, a block of fixing of a certain duration of a forward part of a signal, an analyser of the smallest range, an adder, a panel of delivery of a code of the delay, connected among themselves definitely.
 Method for early detection of atmospheric vortices in clouds using noncoherent radar / 2503030
Detection of cyclonic vortices in thunder clouds using noncoherent radar involves radar probing of the cloud at wavelength of 10 cm, determining reflectivity at given spatial points of the cloud environment, and displaying said data on the screen of a personal computer in form of a three-dimensional radar image of the cloud; the obtained image of the cloud is viewed from all sides on the background of the screen of the personal computer in dynamic mode, removing, during each view of the three-dimensional image, the external envelope which corresponds to a 2 dBZ drop in radar reflectivity; upon detecting a contour of the presumed cavity of the atmospheric vortex on the surface of the image, the image is viewed on the background of the screen of the personal computer and if the colour of the detected cavity matches that of the background of the screen of the personal computer, said cavity is identified as the cavity of the atmospheric vortex.
 Radar method of determining parameters of large-scale wave on water surface / 2501037
Radar method of determining parameters of a large-scale wave on a water surface using a radio altimeter involves emitting probing pulses vertically downwards towards the water surface (to the nadir), receiving probing pulses reflected from the water surface, recording their shape and determining the height of the large-scale wave on the water surface from the inclination of the leading edge of the reflected pulse. Measurements are taken using an aircraft-mounted compact satellite radio altimeter with a knife-edge beam directed along the direction of flight, and the inclination of the trailing edge of the reflected pulse, taking into account the altitude of the aircraft and the antenna beam width, is used to determine variance of the inclination of the large-scale wave along the direction of flight, and the average length of the surface wave along the flight direction is determined using the measured variance of inclination and height of the large-scale wave on the water surface.
 Method for radar measurement of cloud and precipitation particle charge / 2491574
In the disclosed method, the region of the atmosphere under investigation is simultaneously irradiated with an electromagnetic wave with wavelength λ1, which is not damped during propagation in the investigated medium, and a wave with length λ2, which is damped; reflected electromagnetic signals from two volumes lying within the investigated region are received; power of the electromagnetic signals reflected from the first and second volumes, as well as phase shift between said signals are measured separately and the measurement results are used to determine the cloud and precipitation particle charge of the investigated region using the formula:
 Portable remote measuring device for parameters of oil layer spilled on water surface / 2478915
Device includes two radiometric receivers of microwave range, which operate on frequencies corresponding to transparent windows of atmosphere. Each receiver includes an antenna, a polarisation switch, a high-frequency unit with a synchronous detector and corresponding control circuits. Measuring zones of radiometric receivers of microwave range are put in each other due to their corresponding arrangement on the load-carrying structure. At that, measuring zone of parameters of more high-frequency receiver is fully located inside the measuring zone of low-frequency receiver. Device also includes a two-coordinate inclination compass, a computer, a radiometric receiver of IR-range, a video camera, a GSM-modem, a GPS-receiver and a LED projector.
 Method of adjusting output parameters of superregenerative transceiver of radiosonde / 2470323
Invention relates to radio engineering and can be used to adjust sensitivity and relative position of the receiving and transmitting frequency of superregenerative transceivers of aerologic radiosondes operating as part of atmospheric radiosounding systems. Disclosed is a method of adjusting output parameters of a superregenerative transceiver of a radiosonde based on optimum selection of the feedback factor of the self-oscillator of the superregenerative transceiver, load resistor, resonance frequency of the oscillatory system, characterised by that when launching the self-oscillator of the superregenerative transceiver, a mode for self-excitation with a hard character of the transient process of establishing self-oscillations is provided, average current and supply voltage of the active device of the self-oscillator of the superregenerative transceiver are stabilised, pulsed current of the control electrode - base of the transistor of the active device of the self-oscillator is controlled, thereby establishing reception frequency relative the carrier frequency of the self-oscillations of the superregenerative transceiver; by adjusting the slope of the exponentially rising leading edge and pulse duration, the required level of sensitivity of the superregenerative transceiver is set.
 Device for measuring vertical component of wind velocity for detecting wind shift / 2468387
Device for measuring the vertical component of wind velocity in order to detect wind shift has a wind shift detector, a transmitter, two receivers, two circulators, two antennae, a digital signal processor, an antenna angular position sensor, a cross-correlation function derivative computer, a device for determining the position of the minimum of the cross-correlation function derivative, a power divider, a differentiator, an adjustable delay unit, a multiplier, a low-pass filter and a low frequency amplifier.
 Method of estimating accuracy of doppler radar wind profile / 2460091
Method of estimating accuracy of Doppler radar wind profile (DRWP) includes one radiosonde radar weather station, based on synchronous probing of the atmosphere by the DRWP and a standard meteorological apparatus (MA), where the speed and direction of wind are measured, the DRWP and MA obtain several results which are fed to a computer. The mean-square error of the DRWP in measuring speed and direction of wind is determined based on equal accuracy of measurements with given confidence probability. The disclosed invention is characterised by making the MA in form of two identical radiosonde radar weather stations, the wind speed and direction measurement results of each of which form the first outputs are fed to the second and third inputs of the computer where they are averaged. The difference in results is taken, transformation is performed and the accuracy of the DRWP in measuring speed and direction of wind is determined based on a corresponding mathematical relationship.
 Method nd device for measuring electron concentration at specific region of ionosphere / 2251713
Method and device can be used for measuring concentration of electrons in specific region of ionosphere plasma which depends on presence and concentration of radioactive impurities in the region of atmosphere to be observed. Device has synchronizer 1, transmitter 2, transmitting aerial, time delay unit, two receiving aerials, right and left circular polarization wave receivers, two switches, heterodyne, mixer, intermediate frequency amplifier, five multipliers, narrow band filter, amplitude limiter, phase meter, computing unit, comparison unit, indicator, phase shifter, scaling switch, subtracter and adder.
 Method for determination of location of lightning discharge and multiple-point system for its realization / 2253133
The multiple-point system for determination of location of a lighting discharge has a data transmission network and sensors, central computing unit, control unit and user computers (according to the number of users) connected to it, superlong-wave independent lightning direction finders - range finders are used as sensors.
 Method for measuring thickness of snow cover / 2262718
Method is based physically on different penetrability level of snow by electromagnetic waves of different frequencies ranges, which is connected to dielectric snow characteristics. Method for measuring thickness of snow covering includes irradiation of snow cover at the same time by electromagnetic waves of centimeter range on bearing frequency f1, on which reflection occurs from limit between snow and soil, and electromagnetic waves of optical range on bearing frequency f2, on which reflection occurs from limit of separation of environments troposphere-snow, and determining of appearing difference of distances, passed by proving signals.
 Mode of sounding of atmosphere or ocean / 2267139
The technical result: simplification of realization of measuring, increasing their precision and also securing possibility of independent definition as the profile of the speed of the sound, so the profile of the index of reflection in atmosphere or in ocean. The essence: in the environment a movement of a sounding object is set up, a modulated acoustic or electromagnetic wave is directed on this object. The wave holds frequencies f1 and f2 and f1≥C/h and f2≤C/H, where C - a medium speed of the wave in the investigated environment, h - required space permission, H - a maximum distance of measuring, reradiated by the object. Corresponding relative Doppler shifts at various locations of the object are defined for frequencies f1 and f2 reradiated by the object. Attitude for these shifts is found. According to this attitude the vertical profile of the speed of the propagation of the wave is computed. Particularly an acoustic wave packet is chosen in quality of sounding object and a vertical profile of the speed of propagation of the electromagnetic wave is computed. The profile of the speed of the sound is defined along the profile of the shift of the frequency f1 with taking into account the profile of the speed of propagation of the electromagnetic wave. Particularly for various moments of time an integral shift of the phase of the wave reradiated by the object on the carrier frequency is found and along this shift a slant distance till sounding object is defined. Particularly along the parameters of received signals an azimuth and an angle of the place of the sounding object are found.
 Storms coordinates accumulator and a variant thereof / 2269792
Kinematic communication equations are solved not for aircraft-lighting flashes, but for aircraft-storm, and because storm coordinates are generated by averaging coordinates of all registered lightning flashes during several minutes, volume of computational operations is decreased manifold.
 Panoramic radar method of determining condition of ocean's layer surface from satellite / 2274877
Method can be used for measuring parameters of sea storm; it can be also used in meteorology and oceanology for distant probing of surface layers of oceans from board of satellite. Microwave range probing pulses are irradiated by Doppler radar. Probing pulses are directed to surface of ocean in nadir; any pulse irradiates spot with sizes of 14x355 km on water surface. When receiving reflected pulses, time and Doppler range selection is used simultaneously inside spot of 14x355 km for elementary dissipating particles with sizes of 14x14 km. Then cross-sections of back dissipation σ0(θi) and σ0(θi+1) are determined for any two sequent "I"-th and "i+1"-th elementary dissipating particles. The cross-sections correct and determine dispersion of inclinations σ2 i(φj). The total dispersion of inclinations σ2 i for "i"-th elementary dissipating particles is determined and direction of propagation φwi of large-scale storm in "i"-th elementary dissipating particle is found. Speed V of surface wind is found by means of algorithm f V=F[σo, σ2 i(φj), σ2 i(φj+90°)] calculated by standard regression method.
 Combined inbuilt control system and a variant thereof / 2277716
Combined inbuilt control system and its variant for storm locators, working in area of very low frequency electromagnetic fields, provides automatic, continuous control with given frequency of electric and magnetic antennas and storm detector channels appropriate for these by creating electric and magnetic fields, distributed in time, to make it possible to perform selection of lightning discharge pulse in two variants of selector circuit construction and to block control circuit automatically for time of lightning discharge pulse processing. Utilization of combined inbuilt control system in equipment makes it possible to increase fullness of storm locator control due to controlling through space of both magnetic and electric antennas, while preventing miss or distortion of lightning discharge processing pulse results when it coincides in time with control pulse.
 Super regenerative transceiver / 2291467
The super regenerative transceiver has a generator of superior impulses, a master oscillator, a source of feeding and an antenna. At that there is introduced in it a diode and in series introduced a line out of a constant resistor, an alternate resister and a condenser. At that the input of the line is connected with the output of the generator of superior impulses, the output - with the input of the launching of the main oscillator, and the common point of the constant and the alternate resistors is connected with null volt of the source of feeding through directly switched diode, the generator of superior impulses and the main oscillator are connected with the plus and the null of the source of feeding, and the output of the main oscillator through antenna is the output of the super regenerative transceiver.
 Method of measuring size of hail's particles / 2292565
Sizes of hail particles are measured by means of two-wave meteorological radar. Radio location probing of atmosphere is carried out within area of precipitation. Radio location reflectivity is determined at wavelengths of 3,2 cm and 10 cm, which equals to η3,2 and η10. Sizes of hail particles is calculated by relation of d3=4,54(η3,2/η10) -0,502, where 4,54 and -0,502 are empiric coefficients. Path of melting of hail particles is determined by radio location method when particles move in atmosphere from zero isotherm level down - H (km). Sizes of hail particles to be found is determined by multiplication of calculated value d3 by correcting multiplier K, found from relation of K=Ha(η3,2/η10)bH, where a=-0,247 and b=0,055.
 Mode of definition of the width of the spectral density of power of radio signals of coherent meteorological radar / 2293351
According to the mode it is necessary to radiate periodically radio impulses into the researched field of atmosphere, to receive radio signals reflected from meteorological particles, to separate coherent and quadrature components of received radio signals reflected from meteorological particles, to form a complex signal uniting coherent and quadrature components of received radio signals reflected from meteorological particles, to calculate the correlation function of the complex signal. The indicated function is calculated in time points the intervals between whom are multiple to the period of repetition of radio signals. The width of the spectral density of power of the radio signals of the coherent meteorological radar reflected from meteorological particles is defined according to the relation:
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FIELD: radio engineering, communication. SUBSTANCE: system comprises an aerological radiosonde (ARS) and a base station, which is a radar station, wherein the ARS includes a unit for preflight preparation of the ARS, which consists of a preflight preparation panel and an ARS parameter monitoring and recording unit, wherein the preflight preparation panel is connected through the ARS parameter monitoring and recording unit by a bidirectional bus M1 to the inputs of an ARS microcontroller; the radar station includes packet remote information decoding unit and a unit for secondary processing of the remote information and outputting atmospheric meteorological parameter signals, wherein the unidirectional bus M2 of the transceiving device of the radar station is connected through the packet remote information decoding unit to the unit for secondary processing of the remote information and outputting atmospheric meteorological parameter signals, the output of which is the output of the system. EFFECT: high reliability of receiving telemetric information transmitted from an ARS to a ground-based radar station, high accuracy of measuring information transmitted from an ARS to a ground-based radar station, obtaining additional characteristics of measured atmospheric parameters. 3 cl, 4 dwg
The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used when upgrading and the development of new radiosonde systems (CP) with accelerated transmission of telemetry data from Board of upper-air radiosonde (ARP) on ground-based radar station (radar). A common problem in the design and operation of CP is the creation of high-precision measurement systems coordinate the RHA budget cabinets ARP, providing measurement with a minimum error of meteorological parameters of the atmosphere (MPA), secure transmission of telemetry data from the Board of the RHA on ground-based radar in the operational range of the system AR-radar. A separate problem in the creation and operation of the CP is to provide reliable and accurate transmission of telemetric information on MPA from the Board of the RHA on the radar in terms of the fading signal radiosonde because of its rocking and uneven pattern of the antenna. The national system of radio sounding of the atmosphere (CP) built on angular-distance measuring method of measuring coordinates, speed and direction of movement of the radiosonde in the free atmosphere. Measurement of angular coordinates: azimuth (β), elevation angle (ε), and slant range (Rn) is radiopulse method with active response. Particularly effective was the use of the composition of radiosondes super regenerative transponder-responder (SPP). Intense radiation SPP provides reliable transmission of telemetry data and maintenance of the angular coordinates. High sensitivity SPP to radiopulse request signal allows to generate a response signal range in the form of a short pause in the emission of SPP at low power transmitter request of radio radar. Very important, ultimately, is the fact that the positioning system and the transmission channel telemetry data radiosonde systems are operating at the same carrier frequency (see Viermal and other "System sensing of the atmosphere, Gidrometeoizdat, 1977, s-249). Known system radiosonde atmospheric radar type "Meteorite-DHC"operating in the frequency range 1780 MHz (see V. Ermakov, Kuzenkov A.F., Urmanov VA System sounding. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1977. 304 C.). Tube radiosonde type RHC equipped with a super regenerative transceiver (SPP), which together with ground-based radar "Meteorite" provides a measurement of the angular coordinates, slant range in a challenge to the radar pulse and the transmission of radar meteorological information, which is carried out by amplitude manipulation radiation SPP telemetry signal. Dignity CP type "Meteorite-DHC" is the full autonomy of work, Nevis the Kaya value measurement MPA in the operational range of up to 250 km The disadvantages of the system are low immunity CP using amplitude modulation telemetry signal radiation SPP, large transmission interval of the cycle of meteorological information (loop telemetry frequency transducer ARP) within 20 seconds, which reduces the reliability and accuracy of measurement MPA in terms of the fading signal ARZ when it is swinging. Known system radiosonde atmospheric radar type AVK-MDE operating in the range of 1780 MHz (Efimov A.A. Principles aerological information and computing complex AVK-1. - M.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1989. 149 S.; N.A. Zaitseva Aerology. Gidrometeoizdat. 1990, 325 C.). Semiconductor ARP type MP3-3 is equipped with super regenerative transceiver (SPP), which together with ground-based radar AVK-1 provides a measurement of the angular coordinates, determining slant range in a challenge to the radar pulse and the transmission of radar meteorological information, which is carried out by modulation of the subcarrier (spirituosa) frequency SPP telemetry signal. Advantages CP type AVK-MDE are full autonomy of work, low cost measurement MPA in the operational range of up to 250 km The drawbacks of the system with all its advantages are significant energy consumption, as well as bolshintsov transmission cycle of meteorological information (loop telemetry frequency transducer ARP) within 20 seconds, which reduces the reliability and accuracy of measurement MPA, violates the stability of the automatic tracking signal ARZ over the angular coordinates, makes it difficult for the receiving and processing telemetry signal at high quagnoth. Known similar small-sized semiconductor RLS MARL and the Vector M, which together with ARP type MP3 3 provide a measurement of the angular coordinate, determining slant range in a challenge to the radar pulse and the transmission of radar meteorological information, which is carried out by modulation of the subcarrier (spirituosa) frequency SPP telemetry signal (see Ivanov VA, Fridzon MB, Issac S. p. weather-balloon data. Technical and metrological aspects of the development and application of radiosonde instrumentation. Edited Vaifanua. Ekaterinburg: Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2004. 596 S. ISBN 5-7691-1513-0). Advantages CP type MARL-MDE, "Vector-M-MDE are low power consumption, high automation control and information processing, fully Autonomous operation, low cost of measurement MPA in the operational range CP (up to 250 km) PROTOTYPE. The disadvantage of all systems and PROTOTYPE for all their big advantages is the transmission interval of the cycle of meteorological information (loop telemetry frequency transducer ARP) for 20 seconds, which reduce the AET reliability and accuracy of measurement MPA, violates the stability of the automatic tracking signal ARZ over the angular coordinates, makes it difficult for the receiving and processing telemetry signal at high quagnoth. Swinging radiosonde due to its uneven pattern at the output of the receiver radars with large deletions is fading signal up to 10-20 dB with a period of 2-5 seconds. This ends the reception of telemetry data, radar, because the period of one cycle of the transmission of the telemetry data of the radiosonde is 20 sec. Work known CP as follows. Domestic CP, which was operating on upper-air network of Roshydromet radar type AVK-1, MARL, "Vector-M", work in conjunction with radiosonde type MP3 3. Telemetry information in the RHA is formed in the form of videokursov secondary measuring Converter (test generator), which sequentially connects the resistance of the reference (calibration) resistor, temperature sensor and humidity sensor. ARP sends information about the MPA within one cycle, whose duration TC=20 sec, 2. During this time interval consistently for 5 sec transmitted frequency channels: frequency reference (calibration) channel with a period of Top=0.7 MS and frequency telemetrics is their measuring channels of temperature and humidity, periods which vary depending on the state of the sensors within Tt=0,8-60,0 MS, Tu=0.8 to 10.0 msec. The transmission frequency of each channel occurs within 5 seconds. Information about the IPA contained in the Y-parameter is equal to the ratio of the period of the reference frequency Toprespectively to the periods of telemetry frequencies of Tt, Tu:
Processing and delivery of meteorological information is in the computer ground radar by calculating the temperature and humidity values of the adopted periods Top,Tt, Tuknown to the calibration factors of the measuring transducer of the RHA and sensors with a cycle of 20 seconds. With this method of transmission of telemetry data, the following problems occur: a large time interval for obtaining meteorological information (20 sec) creates a problem of its stable with the fading of the signal at large distances radiosonde, since the interval of the fading signal usually is about is about 2-5 seconds. The appearance of at least one of the fading signal in the cycle (within 20 sec) transfer of information does not allow to calculate the Y-parameters and to obtain a measurement result; another problem occurs when you hit frequency telemetry signals caused by parasitic amplitude modulation of the radiation transmitter ARP, bandwidth channel angular automation radar and instability auto-tracking branch over the angular coordinates; the third problem is related to limitations in the existing CP to the maximum period of telemetry frequency transducer (IP) ARP equal to Ttelmax=60,0 msec. Period telemetry frequency FE is determined by the resistance of the respective sensor ARZ. This limitation prevents the use of modern sensors with a small time constant based on bosykovych thermistors, high-resistance (of the order of 2-4 Mω) at low temperatures of about minus 80-90°C, because the telemetry frequency in this case PI is significantly higher than the acceptable value of Ttelmax=60,0 msec and ground radar is not processed; additional difficulties arise when taking a pulse telemetry signal in the receiver for the radar when changing the period of videokursov significantly Ttel=1,5-60.0 sec the sec, because of a change of their duty cycle, the DC component of the signal in dozens of times, which complicates the work of the threshold device meter impulse period. The technical result of the proposed solution is: - improve the reliability of reception of the telemetry data transmitted from the Board of the RHA on ground-based radar; - improving the measurement accuracy of the coordinate-telemetry data (DTI)transmitted from the Board of the RHA on ground-based radar; - obtain new characteristics of the measured parameters of the atmosphere, for example of atmospheric turbulence; - significant reduction in transmission time MPA. To solve this problem, a system of radio sounding of the atmosphere with a packet of information containing the upper-air radiosonde - ARZ and the base station radar unit preflight preparation branch, consisting of a remote preflight preparation and control unit and recording parameters ARP with the following connections: remote preflight preparation ARZ through the control unit and recording parameters ARP connected to the bidirectional bus M1 inputs of the microcontroller ARZ; radar entered the block decoding packet telecommunications and block secondary processing telecommunications and signalling meteorological parameters of the atmosphere with the following compounds: unidirectional bus M2 transceiver in which trojstva radar is connected through the block decoding packet telecommunications unit secondary treatment Teledata and delivery of meteorological parameters of the atmosphere, the output of which is the system output; block preflight preparation made as a separate construct and is connected to the radiosonde upper-air at the time of the input packet format information, also according to the customer can be solved in software in the microcontroller ARZ; transceiver upper-air radiosonde made under the scheme of sverigekarta and includes connected in series: the driver and modulator superimage voltage circuit avtomashine and microwave oscillator, which is loaded on the antenna. Figure 1 shows the block diagram of the radiosonde system with packet transmission method of the telemetry data, which shows: 1 - meteorological parameters of the atmosphere (MPA), namely: temperature, pressure, humidity, etc.; 2 - upper-air digital radiosonde (ARP); 3 - block of the primary and secondary converters MPA (bpit); 4 - microcontroller ARZ (MK); 5 - device pairing; 6 - evaluator; 7 driver and modulator superimage voltage super regenerative transceiver (SPP); 8 - circuit avtomashine (AC); 9 - SHF-oscillator SPP; 10 - unit preflight preparation (PPO) ARP; 11 - control unit write parameters ARP; 12 - remote preflight training (SPT); 13 - the actual radar; 14 - receiver-transmitter radar (PUF); 15 control radar; 16 - block decode the simulation PETIT; 17 is a block secondary treatment TI and issuance MPA; A1 antenna branch; A2 - the radar antenna; RK - channel M1 - bidirectional communication bus, M2 unidirectional bus connection. The whole system of figure 1 has the following connections. Meteorological parameters of the atmosphere MPA 1 is connected with metabody ARZ 2, the output of which via the antenna A1 of the radio connected to the antenna A2 radar 13; the output of the radar 13 is connected with consumers MPA. Unit preflight preparation PPO 10 bidirectional bus connected to the microcontroller MC 4 radiosonde ARZ 2. Figure 2 shows the timing diagram explaining the principle of telemetry data transmission in serial CP type AVK-MDE. Figure 2 shows the complete time cycle TCmeasuring generator radiosonde MP3 3, including the time intervals of the reference channel Top; channel temperature Tt, channel humidity Tu, channel pressure Tdserial CP type AVK-MDE. Figure 3 shows a fragment of the proposed structure of the digital packet telemetry data ARZ in the time scale. Figure 4 shows the structure of the information package. These nodes and blocks CP can be performed on the following elements: sensors temperature and humidity 3 can be performed, for example, patent RF №2162238, No. 2162239, No. 2242752; the pressure sensor 3 can be executed on the OS is ove sensors type MPX (see Catalogue of the firm MOTOROLA, 2007); the transmitter can be implemented by patent No. 53462; interface unit 5, the computer and the driver PETIT 6, the driver and modulator superimage voltage WBS 9 can be executed on the microcontroller MK 4, which may be implemented, for example, on the chip family LPC2101FBD48 (see the Microcontroller ARM. TRANS. from English. - M.: Dodeca-XX1, 2006); circuit avtomashine AU CAF 8, SHF AG WBS 7, the antenna A1 can be performed according to the materials of the RF patents №2172965, No. 2214614, No. 2470323, patents for utility model №50682, No. 49283, No. 56001; regular upper-air radar 13 can be used type AVK-1, MARL, "Vector-M" (see Ivanov VA, Fridzon MB, Issac S. p. weather-balloon data. Technical and metrological aspects of the development and application of radiosonde instrumentation. Edited Vaifanua. - Ekaterinburg: Ural branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2004. 596 S. ISBN 5-7691-1513-0); block decoding PETIT 15 and the secondary treatment unit T and issuance MPA 17 can be implemented on the chip family LPC2101FBD48 (see the Microcontroller ARM. TRANS. from English. - M.: Dodeca-XX1, 2006). The proposed radar CP with packet transmission of telemetry data works as follows. At the entrance of the CP act meteorological parameters of the atmosphere (MPA) 1: temperature, humidity, pressure. The composition of the upper-air radiosonde is RH 2 includes: a primary unit (sensors) and secondary (measuring) converters MPA 3, the microcontroller ARP MK 4, which respectively includes: interface unit 5, the computer and the driver packet telemetry information (PTI) 6, driver and modulator superimage voltage WBS 9, the composition of the SPP includes a circuit avtomashine AU CAF 8, the microwave oscillator microwave AG WBS 7 and a transmitting-receiving antenna A1. The structure of the device preflight preparation SCP ARZ 10 includes a control unit and recording parameters ARZ 11 and remote preflight preparation ARZ 12. The composition of the ground radar station 13 includes: a transmitting-receiving antenna A2 transmitting the radar device 14, the block decoding PETIT 15, the system control radar 16 and the secondary processing of the telemetry information (TI) and the issuance of MPA 17 consumer information MPA. Unit preflight preparation 10 is for entering information about the primary options ARZ (the operating frequency of the transmitter, the calibration coefficients for the sensor) and control its operation before you start. Using the remote preflight preparation APR 12, control unit and recording parameters ARP information downloaded through the interface I / o RS-232 microcontroller MK 4 radiosonde ARZ 2. Meteorological parameters of the atmosphere MPA 1, for example temperature, humidity, pressure, affect the primary unit (sensors) and secondary (measuring) converters ARZ 3, outputs the data of the electric signals which in the form of a voltage level, frequency or duration of videokursov fed to the input devices 5, the output of which is in the form of digital code received at the transmitter and driver packet telemetry information (PTI) 6 of the microcontroller 4. In the transmitter 6 is statistical processing of the telemetry data received from each sensor during one measurement cycle is equal to 2 seconds. In each cycle of measurement is provided within 2 seconds, the definition of all MPA. Next, the processor MK 4 is formed digital packet telemetry data, figure 3. In the structure of the package introduces a number of proprietary information, providing synchronization of telemetry channels inside the package and synchronization of the current packet stream, which is then fed to the inlet CAF ARP, figure 4. WBS contains the generator and modulator superimage voltage 9, the circuit avtomashine 8, the microwave oscillator and transceiver antenna A1. Generator and modulator superimage voltage implemented in the structure of the MK 4, their parameters are adjustable by software. The principle of operation of the SPP and methods for modulation of radiation is described in detail in the patents of the Russian Federation No. 2172965, No. 2214614, No. 2470323, the patent for useful model №50682, No. 49283, No. 56001. The signal emitted ARZ 2 containing telemetry data in batch form, is received by the antenna A2 with a narrow chart sent to the barb on earth radar 13. Control system radar 15 provides synchronization of all devices and units radar 13. The technology for measuring the current coordinates of the ARP, namely the slant range of the pulse method, the angular coordinate method ravesignal area described in the original sources (Efimov A.A. Principles aerological information and computing complex AVK-1. - M.: Gidrometeoizdat,1989. 149 S.; N.A. Zaitseva Aerology. Gidrometeoizdat, 1990. 325 C.). Radio signal ARP is optimally processed in the channel telemetry receiver radar and in the form of a digital stream videokursov is input to a block decoding packet telemetry data 14, in which the decoding packet information and shaping it in the form of channel telemetry signals in digital form, is proportional to the temperature, humidity, pressure. From the output of the block decoding PETIT 14 information is input to block secondary processing of telemetry data (T) 16 where it is processed and the representation of meteorological parameters of the atmosphere (MPA): graphical dependencies of temperature, humidity, pressure from the lifting height of the RHA, the standard upper-air telegrams to different consumers MPA. To provide the required conversion accuracy of the telemetry data, exp is influenced by the exact time cycles radiosonde, stabilization spirituosa (subcarrier) frequency CAF and the value of its modulation, synchronization signals to ARZ 2 uses the microcontroller MK 4. When using processor MK 4 is the software implementation of all functions of the radiosonde. Programming MK 4, the I / o process information in the production and operation of the RHA is carried out via the serial interface RS-232. The use of MK in upper-air radiosonde allows modern and more effective methods of modulation parameters subcarrier frequency, for example, a binary frequency (PFM) and phase (FIM) pulse modulation spirituosa frequency (BPSK). The implementation of PFM and FIM spirituosa frequency using MK is carried out by software. In this case, the reception and demodulation of telemetry signal ground radar, it is much easier, since the reference signal is required for normal operation of the frequency or phase detector in the channel telemetry receiver radar, simply synchronized with a stable frequency supereroi pulses. The most important task of the MK 4 is the formation of a batch mode telemetry data transmission. The packet transmission is performed in one-sided (simplex) mode from the radiosonde to the upper complex. Bit information is transmitted by a known method is astato width modulation (PFM) subcarrier (spirituosa) frequency SPP. Because the information bandwidth coordinate telemetry data does not exceed ΔF<0.5 Hz [1], the update is performed with a rate of at least once every two seconds. Made in the radio channel redundancy allows to correct single bit errors that may occur due to interference, and repeatedly duplicate packets to combat fading signal (mainly due to spatial fluctuations of the RHA). The data rate in the channel is 2.4 kbit/s encoding bit self-synchronizing type code 2 Manchester. The package is passed unchanged for 2 sec. Upon completion of the transmission of the current packet immediately begins transmission of a new packet. Time lag between packages no. The package consists of two parts. The first part is quickly changing information. The second part is additional information, which is transmitted much less frequently. Always pass the parameter number and its value. The structure of one embodiment of information units transmitted ARP, shown in figure 3, figure 4. The total length of the packet is 30 bytes·8=240 bits. For the baud rate of 2400 bit/s this means that for 2 seconds passed 20 of the same packages. Thus, the telemetry information in the packet is passed to 200 times faster than in the known mode. This redundancy allows to do without interference is sustainable encoding. Recovery of erroneous bits is performed by correlation analysis of several related packages. In the body of the packet data is transmitted telemetry channel, this is the primary measurement data (temperature, humidity, pressure and the like) and additional auxiliary data in the backup channel. It is important to note that a packet transmission method information from the Board of radiosonde allows you to use as primary transducers meteorological sensors of any type that meets the requirements for precision calibration of static characteristics of conversion (AGC), sound, dynamic parameters. To decrypt the packet telemetry data necessary modernization of the radar MARL, the Vector M by the administration in the form of block decoding PETIT 15 special routine, which is part of the system software of the station. This provides a standard interface with the secondary treatment unit T and issuance MPA 17. All other characteristics of radar and radio CP - width of the emission spectrum of CAF, the sensitivity to a request signal channel range, the radiated power ARZ, etc. fully comply with the requirements of TU on WED. In General, the use of packet telemetry data in radar CP allows you to: - to reduce the duration of the transmission cycle info the information up to 1-2 seconds, thereby to improve the reliability of reception of the telemetry data in conditions of strong of signal fading ARZ; to reduce the level of spurious amplitude modulation (PAM) signal ARZ due to the more homogeneous nature of the PETIT and improve the sustainability of automatic tracking ARP over the angular coordinates; - remove restrictions on the duration of the periods of the measuring transducer of the RHA and to expand the possibility of using different types of sensors MPA; - to simplify the conditions of reception and signal processing in the receiver for the radar, thereby to improve the reliability of reception of the telemetry data. Thus, when the use proposed in the application materials packet transfer method of the telemetry information from the Board of the RHA on ground radar significantly increase the operational characteristics of the domestic radar WED 1. The system of radio sounding of the atmosphere with a packet of information containing the upper-air radiosonde - ARZ and the base station, radar station, characterized in that the composition of the RHA entered the unit pre-flight training branch, consisting of a remote preflight preparation and control unit and recording parameters ARP with the following connections: remote preflight preparation ARZ through the control unit and recording parameters ARP connected to the bidirectional bus MSO inputs of the microcontroller ARZ; part RLS entered the block decoding packet telecommunications and block secondary processing telecommunications and signalling meteorological parameters of the atmosphere with the following compounds: unidirectional bus M2 transmitting and receiving radar device connected through the block decoding packet telecommunications unit secondary treatment Teledata and delivery of meteorological parameters of the atmosphere, the output of which is the system output. 2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the unit preflight preparation made as a separate construct and is connected to the radiosonde upper-air at the time of the input packet format information, also according to the customer can be solved in software in the microcontroller ARP. 3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the transceiver upper-air radiosonde made under the scheme of sverigekarta and includes connected in series: the driver and modulator superimage voltage circuit avtomashine and microwave oscillator, which is loaded on the antenna.
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