Gadget to measure sea wave parameters

IPC classes for russian patent Gadget to measure sea wave parameters (RU 2523102):

G01S13/95 - for meteorological use

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According to the mode it is necessary to radiate periodically radio impulses into the researched field of atmosphere, to receive radio signals reflected from meteorological particles, to separate coherent and quadrature components of received radio signals reflected from meteorological particles, to form a complex signal uniting coherent and quadrature components of received radio signals reflected from meteorological particles, to calculate the correlation function of the complex signal. The indicated function is calculated in time points the intervals between whom are multiple to the period of repetition of radio signals. The width of the spectral density of power of the radio signals of the coherent meteorological radar reflected from meteorological particles is defined according to the relation: , where ΔF - the width of spectral density of power of the radio signals of the coherent meteorological radar; - the value of a zero moment of spectral density power; - the value of the first moment of spectral density of power; -the value of the second moment of spectral density of power; k=(K(T_r), K(2T_r), K(NT_r) - the vector of the readings of correlation function of the complex signal in time points the interval between whom are multiple to the period of repetition of radio impulses; K(nT_r) - the value of the correlation function in a time point nT_r ; T_{r -} the period of repetition of radiated radio impulses; N - the number of time points of the reading of the correlation function; T - an operator of transposing; H - an operator of hermetian interfacing; g_p, p=0,1,2 - the vector equal to the column(p+1)of the matrix : G=A(A^HA)^-1, where A - the matrix of the size NxN: -an element of the matrix: A, standing at the intersection of m line and n column, m,n=1,2,N. EFFECT: increases accuracy of measuring the width of the spectral density of power of the signals of a coherent meteorological radar and by this the quality of detection in atmosphere of the zones of increased turbulence.

FIELD: instrumentation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to instrumentation and can be used in meteorology, navigation, oceanography, vessel and seaplane sea trials for estimation of wave roughness and computer-aided landing systems. This gadget comprises antenna 1, transceiver 2, Doppler signal amplifier 3, ADC 4 and computer 5 its second input being connected with gadget input 6 and first output connected with transceiver control input. Besides, the gadget is equipped with display 7 with input connected to second output of computer 5.

EFFECT: simplified hardware, higher reliability, fast response and precise calculation.

1 dwg

The present invention relates to measuring technique and can be used in meteorology, navigation, Oceanographic research, operational tests of ships and seaplanes to evaluate the strength of the agitation of the waves, in the automated landing systems of amphibians on the water surface in the daytime and night time.

The known device for determining parameters of the waves that are protected by patents of the Russian Federation No. 416563, CL G01C 13/00, 1971, No. 349683, CL G01C 13/00, 1974, containing the receiver hydrostatic pressure electroprecipitation, zero-body, the comparison circuit, the generator of time averaging filter and the indicator.

The operation of this device is based on the contact transformation pressure of sea waves into an electrical signal and further measurements of this signal.

Signs, General signs of the claimed device, these devices are averaging filter and the indicator.

Factor hindering the achievement of these devices technical result provided by the invention, is a fairly narrow scope, due to the need of a contact transformation pressure of sea waves into an electric signal.

It is also known a device for measuring the parameters of the waves, protected by the RF patent №726422, CL G01C 13/00, 1977, containing PR is EMPRETEC with the antenna zero-body, the comparison circuit, the generator of time averaging filter and the indicator.

This device is a contact transformation of the waves replaced by contactless using the transceiver.

Signs of this analogue, in common with the features of the proposed device is a transceiver with an antenna, averaging filter and the indicator.

The obstacles to achieve this similar technical result provided by the invention are the limitations of the field measured parameters and the relatively low accuracy of their measurement. It should be noted that these disadvantages inherent in the devices protected by the RF patents №№416563 and 549683.

The closest to the technical nature of the claimed (prototype) is a device for measuring the parameters of the waves, protected by the RF patent №2036429, CL G01C 13/00, 1990, It contains a transceiver with antenna, power Doppler signal, indicator and autocorrelator, which includes a mixer, a delay line with taps, switch, averaging filter, a comparator, a pulse generator, a pulse counter, a decoder and a control key.

Signs, General signs of the inventive device, the device of the prototype are transceiver with antenna, power Doppler signal and indicator.

Working prototype based the on the radiation of the sea surface by radio pulses with constant parameters, the selection of the radar (reflected from the sea surface) of the Doppler signal component determined by the speed of movement of the waves, the definition of the autocorrelation function of this component and measuring the time decay of this function from the maximum value to zero. This time characterizes the degree of rough seas and in principle can be translated into points on the Beaufort scale. The time decay of the autocorrelation function of the maximum value to zero is displayed on the indicator.

The obstacles to achieve your prototype technical result provided by the invention are relatively low precision, performance and reliability of prototype. This is because autocorrelator performed analog and contains a sufficiently large number of elements that makes it difficult, and hence adversely affects its reliability. Itself analog implementation of autocorrelator is not possible to realize high-precision calculation of the correlation function, and the presence of an analog block that performs the function of the averaging filter, requires the implementation of this function a considerable investment of time.

Another factor hindering the achievement in prototype technical result provided by the invention are dostat is a rule limited functionality of the prototype. It allows you to define only the autocorrelation function of the Doppler component reflected from the sea surface signal and the decay time of this function from maximum to zero level. This time, in fact, is the measurement result is reflected on the display. It is not enough to fully characterize marine excitement. For a more complete characterization of the agitation of the sea surface, it is desirable to have the full autocorrelation function of the Doppler component reflected from the sea surface signal and its spectrum and distribution law. To obtain these characteristics, the device is a prototype.

Technical problem on which the invention is directed, is to simplify and expand the functionality of the device and improve its performance, accuracy and reliability.

To achieve the technical result in the known device for measuring the parameters of the waves, containing the transceiver with antenna, power Doppler signal, an input connected to the output of the transceiver, and the indicator is entered serially connected analog-to-digital Converter, whose input is connected to the amplifier output Doppler signal, and the transmitter, a second input which is the input of the first output connection of the EN with the control input of the transceiver, and the second output to the input of the indicator.

There are no sources of information, in which the newly introduced elements would be described in conjunction with the other elements of the claimed device. Therefore, the proposed device should be considered to be new and involve an inventive step.

The invention is illustrated by the drawing, which shows the structural diagram of the inventive device.

The device comprises a series-connected antenna 1, the transceiver 2, the amplifier 3 Doppler signal, analog-to-digital Converter 4 and the computer 5, the second input is connected to the input 6 of the device, and the first output with the control input of the transceiver. In addition, the device has an indicator (display) 7, an input connected to the second output of the transmitter 5.

The operation of the device is as follows.

Transceiver 2 generates and transmits via the antenna 1 in the direction of the sea surface radio pulses probing signal with the given parameters. The parameters of the probing signal (power, duration, duty cycle, carrier frequency) produced by the transmitter 5 in accordance with the altitude of the carrier device, the code which is fed to the input 6 of the device. Developed by the evaluator 5 set the parameters of the probing signal received from the first you is an ode to the control input of the transceiver 2.

Reflected from the sea surface, radiated sounding signal is transformed into an echo signal having a random character. He is received by the antenna 1 and fed to the receiver of the transceiver 2, where it is divided Doppler component due to the movement speed of the waves. This component from the output of the receiver of the transceiver 2 to the input of the amplifier 3. In the amplifier 3 received at its input signal is further filtered (from it are only the Doppler frequency, is amplified and fed to the input of the inverter 4.

In the Converter 4 analog Doppler signal is converted into digital form (quantized), i.e. converted into a sequence of separated from each other by time t on the quantization step ∆ T digital codes corresponding to the levels found at this step the input analog signal. Step Δt quantization in accordance with the Nyquist theorem is selected:

$Δ t \leq \frac{1}{2 F_{\max}}$ ,

where F_maxmaximum frequency in the spectrum of the Doppler signal.

From the output of the Converter 4 is converted into a sequence of digital codes Doppler signal is fed to the input of the transmitter 5.

In calc, the body 5 is calculated from the histogram distribution of the numerical values received at its input digital codes, the corresponding probability density functions of the current level of x(t) of the Doppler signal (distribution law).

In addition, the calculator 5 calculates the autocorrelation function of R_x:(τ) Doppler signal x(t). The calculation is carried out in accordance with the equation:

$R_{x} (t) = \overset{}{x (t) \cdot x (t + t)}$ ,

where τ is the argument of the autocorrelation function, i.e. the time delay between the test signal and its copy.

Feature on the product x(t)·x(t+τ) means averaging.

The transmitter 5 is calculated spectrum (spectral density) S_x(ω) Doppler signal x(t)associated with the correlation function R_x(τ) Fourier transform:

$S_{x} (ω) = \int_{0}^{\infty} R_{x} (t) \cdot l^{j ω t} d t$

The device is quite easy to implement is.

As the transmitter 5 can serve as the on-Board computer media devices. The calculation results can be obtained in the form of tables and graphs. They are submitted for indicator 7, which can be used to display, through which the programming and debugging programs that implement the described calculations. As other elements of the device can be used the same elements as in the device prototype.

It is easy to see that in the inventive device in comparison with the prototype significantly reduced hardware part, because the analog performance of autocorrelator replaced by additional programming of the computer, which is usually already included in the media device. The reduction of the hardware structure of the device significantly simplifies and enhances reliability. In addition, it increases the speed and accuracy of calculation of the autocorrelation function as a computer, working with signals in digital form allows you to perform all the calculations faster and more accurately than analog autocorrelator implemented on the physical blocks (mixer, a delay line with taps, switch, averaging filter, driven key, comparator, pulse counter, decoder). It is also obvious that the functionality of the inventive device is considerably wider than the devices of the prototype, as it allows not only to determine the decay time of the correlation function from maximum to zero, and all of the correlation function. In addition, it allows you to identify and reflect on the display screen as the correlation function and the distribution and spectrum of the Doppler signal.

Device for measuring parameters of the waves, containing the transceiver with antenna, power Doppler signal, an input connected to the output of the transceiver, and a display, characterized in that it introduced serially connected analog-to-digital Converter, whose input is connected to the amplifier output Doppler signal, and the transmitter, a second input which is the input of the first output is connected with the control input of the transceiver, and the second output to the input of the indicator.